Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
UNIT-I
POWER SEMI-CONDUCTOR DEVICES
PART - A
1. List the advantages of the IGBT.
a. Lower hate requirements
b. Lower switching losses
c. Smaller snubber circuit requirements
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
(Nov-Dec 2008)
(Nov-Dec 2012)
11. What is the difference between power diode and signal diode?
Power diode Signal diode
1.Constructed with n-layer, called drift region between p+ layer and n+ layer. Drift region is not
present.
2.The voltage, current and power ratings are higher. Lower
3.Power diodes operate at high speeds. Operates at higher switching speed.
12. Power MOSFET is a voltage controlled device. Why?
Because the output (drain) current can be controlled by gate-source voltage.
13. Power BJT is a current controlled device. Why?
Because the output (collector) current can be controlled by base current.
14. What are the different types of power MOSFET?
a. N-channel MOSFET
b. P-channel MOSFET
15. How can a thyristor turned off?
A thyristor can be turned off by making the current flowing through it to zero.
16. What losses occur in a thyristor during working conditions?
a. Forward conduction losses
b. Loss due to leakage current during forward and reverse blocking.
c. Switching losses at turn-on and turn-off.
d. Gate triggering loss.
17. Define hard-driving or over-driving.
When gate current is several times higher than the minimum gate current required, a thyristor is
said to be hard-fired or over-driven. Hard-firing of a thyristor reduces its turn-on time and
enhances its di/dt capability.
18. What is the turn-off time for converter grade SCRs and inverter grade SCRs?
Turn-off time for converter grade SCRs is 50 100 ms turn-off time for converter grade SCRs and
inverter grade SCRs and for inverter grade SCRs is 3 50 ms.
19. What are the advantages of GTO over SCR?
a. Elimination of commutation of commutating components in forced commutation, resulting in
reduction in cost, weight and volume.
b. Reduction in acoustic noise and electromagnetic noise due to elimination of commutation
chokes.
c. Faster turn-off, permitting high switching frequencies.
d. Improved efficiency of the converters.
PART- B
1. Explain the structure, different modes of operation and characteristics of Triac.
2. Describe about any one driver circuit and snubber circuit for MOSFET.
(16)
(Nov-Dec 2008)
(16)
(Nov-Dec 2008)
3. Explain the operation of IGBT with the help of neat structural diagram and suitable wave forms.
(16) (Nov-Dec 2008)
4. (i) Draw the turn-off characteristics of an SCR and explain the mechanism of turn-off.
(8) (Nov-Dec 2008)
(ii) What are the different methods for turning off an SCR? Explain all methods in detail.
(8) (Nov-Dec 2008)
5. (i) Compare the performance characteristics of MOSFET and BJT.
(ii) Briefly discuss the V-I characteristics of SCR.
6. Explain the turn-on and turn-of characteristics of IGBT with neat waveforms.
(16)
(April-May 2009)
7. Describe the current commutation technique to turn off the SCR with neat sketch and
waveforms.
(16) (Nov-Dec 2011)
8. With neat sketch explain the turn on and turn off characteristic of SCR.
9. Explain briefly about the static and dynamic characteristics of SCR.
10. (i) Explain the basic structure and V-I characteristics of power diodes with neat diagram. (8)
(May-June 2012)
(ii) Explain the construction and V-I characteristics of TRIAC with neat diagram.
(8)
(May-June 2012)
UNIT-II
PHASE-CONTROLLED CONVERTERS
PART - A
1. Give an expression for average voltage of single phase full-converters.
Average output voltage Vdc = (Vm / ) (1 + cos ).
15. What are the advantages of single phase bridge converter over single phase midpoint
converter?
a. SCRs are subjected to a peak-inverse voltage of 2Vm in a fully controlled bridge rectifier. Hence
for same voltage and current ratings of SCRs, power handled by mid-point configuration is about b.
In mid-point converter, each secondary winding should be able to supply the load power. As such,
the transformer rating in mid-point converter is double the load rating.
16. What are the different methods of firing circuits for line commutated converter?
a. UJT firing circuit.
b. The cosine wave crossing pulse timing control.
c. Digital firing schemes.
17. What is meant by input power factor in controlled rectifier?
The input power factor is defined as the ratio of the total mean input power to the total RMS input
volt-amperes.
PF = ( V1 I1 cos 1 ) / ( VrmsIrms) where V1 = phase voltage, I1 = Fundamental component of the
supply current, 1 = input displacement angle, Irms = supply rms current.
18. What is meant by commutation?
It is the process of changing the direction of current flow in a particular path of the circuit. This
process is used in thyristors for turning it off.
19. What are the types of commutation?
a. Natural commutation
b. Forced commutation
PART-B
1. (i) Describe the operation of a single phase two pulse bridge converter using 4 SCR'S with
relevant waveforms.
(10) (Nov-Dec 2010)
(ii) Discuss the working of above converter in the converter mode with RLE load.
(6)
(Nov-Dec 2010)
2. (i) A single phase semi converter is operated from 120 V 50 Hz ac supply. The load
current with an average value Idc is continuous and ripple free firing angle = /6. Determine.
(a) Displacement factor.
(b) Harmonic factor of input current.
(c) Input power factor.
(10) (Nov-Dec 2010)
(ii) Write a note on battery charger.
3. With necessary circuit waveforms, Explain the principle of operation of 6-pulse converter (fully
controlled). Derive the expression for average output voltage in it.
(16) (Nov-Dec 2008)
4. Explain the effect of source inductance in the operation of single phase fully controlled
converter.
(16) (Nov-Dec 2008)
5. Explain the operation of three phase full converter. Also derive the expression for its average
output voltage.
(16) (April-May 2009)
6. Explain the working of a three phase full converter with R load for the firing angles of 60o, 90o
and 150o.
(16) (Nov-Dec 2011)
7. (i) Explain the operation of a single phase full bridge converter with RL load for continuous and
discontinuous load currents.
(10) (Nov-Dec 2011)
(ii) A single phase full bridge converter is connected to R load. The source voltage is 230 V, 50 Hz.
The average load current is 10A. For R=20 find the firing angle.
(6) (Nov-Dec 2011)
8. Explain with necessary circuit diagrams, waveforms and working of a 3 phase fully controlled
converter. Derive the expressions for load voltage and load current.
(16) (May-June 2012)
9. Explain the operation of three phase semi converter with neat waveforms. (16) (Nov-Dec 2012)
10. A 220 V, 1KW resistive load is supplied by 220 V, 50 Hz source through single phase fully
controlled rectifier. Determine the following for 800W output,
(a) Output voltage
(b) RMS value of input current
(c) Fundamental component of input current
(d) Displacement factor.
(16) (Nov-Dec 2012)
UNIT-III
DC TO DC CONVERTER
PART - A
1. What is meant by dc chopper?
(Nov-Dec 2013)
A dc chopper is a high speed static switch used to obtain variable dc voltage from a constant dc
voltage.
2. What is meant by step-up chopper?
(Nov-Dec 2010)
In a step- up chopper or Boost converter, the average output voltage is more than the input
voltage.
3. What is meant by line commutation?
(Nov-Dec 2011)
Here the current flowing through the thyristor goes through a natural zero and enable the
thyristor to turn off.
4. What is meant by step-down chopper?
(April-May 2011)
In a step- down chopper or Buck converter, the average output voltage is less than the input
voltage.
5. What is meant by duty-cycle?
(April-May 2012)
Duty cycle is defined as the ratio of the on time of the chopper to the total time period of the
chopper. It is denoted by .
6. What is meant by Time Radio Control?
(Nov-Dec 2008&2013)(April-May 2010&2011)
In TRC, the value of Ton / T is varied in order to change the average output voltage.
7. What are the advantages of current commutated chopper?
(April-May 2012)
a. The capacitor always remains charged with the correct polarity.
b. Commutation is reliable as load current is less than the peak commutation current ICP.
c. The auxiliary thyristor TA is naturally commutated as its current passes through zero value.
8. What is the constant frequency control of chopper?
(Nov-Dec 2012)
Frequency of the chopper remains constant, but ON period is changed to vary the output.
9. What is meant by SMPS?
(April-May 2009)
SMPS means Switch Mode Power Supply. SMPS is based on the chopper principle. Varying the duty
cycle of chopper by PWM techniques controls the output dc voltage.
10. What are the advantages of SMPS over the phase controlled rectifier?
a. For the same power rating,
b. SMPS is of smaller size,
c. Lighter in weight and processes,
d. Higher efficiency,
e. High frequency operation
f. Less sensitive to input voltage variations.
(Nov-Dec 2011)
UNIT-IV
INVERTERS
PART - A
1. List the applications of an inverter?
a. Adjustable speed drives
b. Induction heating
c. Stand-by aircraft power supplies
d. UPS
e. HVDC transmission
(April-May 2011)
VSI
(April-May 2012)
The output voltage does not depend The output current does not depend on the
on the load
load
The magnitude of the output The magnitude of the output voltage and its
3. current and its waveform depends waveform depends on the nature of the
on the nature of the load impedance load impedance
4. It requires feedback diodes
5. Discuss the functioning of three phase voltage source inverter in 120o degree operating mode.
(16) (Nov-Dec 2012) (May-June 2009)
6. Explain the different methods of voltage control adopted in an inverter with suitable waveforms.
(16) (May-June 2009)
7. With a neat sketch and output waveforms, explain the working of three phase bridge inverter in
180o mode of operation.
(16) (Nov-Dec 2011)
8. Discuss the different modes of operation of series resonant inverter with unidirectional switch
with neat diagram and waveforms.
(16) (Nov-Dec 2011)
9. Explain briefly with circuit diagram, waveforms and working of series and parallel inverters.
(16) (May-June 2012)
10. Explain in detail, the various types of PWM methods employed in an inverter.
(16)
(Nov-Dec 2012)
UNIT-V
AC TO AC CONVERTERS
PART - A
1. Write some disadvantages of ac voltage controller.
(April-May 2011)
The main draw back is the introduction of harmonics in the supply current and the load voltage
waveforms particularly at low output voltages
2. What is meant by cyclo-converter?
(April-May 2010) & (Nov-Dec 2010)
It converts input power at one frequency to output power at another frequency with one-stage
conversion. Cyclo-converter is also known as frequency changer.
3. What are the advantages of six-pulse converter over the 2pule convertor?
(NovDec 2012)
a. Commutation is made simple.
b. Distortion on the ac side is reduced due to the reduction in lower order harmonics.
11 KCE / EEE / III YR / PE
(April-May 2011)
(Nov-Dec 2011)
expression.
2. (i) Describe three-phase to three phase cycloconverter with relevant circuit arrangement using
18 thyristors.
(ii) Show that the fundamentals RMS value of per phase output voltage of low frequency for an mpulse cycloconverter is given by
3. Describe the working principle of single phase ac voltage controller with circuit and waveforms.
(16) (Nov-Dec 2008)
4. A single phase full wave AC voltage controller has an input voltage of 230 V, 50Hz and it is
feeding a resistive load of 10 ohms. If firing angle of thyristors is 110 degree, find the output RMS
voltage, input power factor and average current of thyristor.
6. Discuss the working of a 3 phase to single phase cyclo converter with neat voltage and current
waveforms.
7. Explain briefly about the three phase bidirectional delta connected controllers with neat
diagrams.
8. Explain briefly about the three phase full wave controller with neat diagrams.
(16) (May-June 2012)
9. What is AC regulator and draw the configuration of a single phase AC regulator and explain the
operation?
(16) (May-June 2012)
10. Explain the necessary circuit diagrams and waveforms of a single phase cyclo-converter.
(16) (May-June 2012)