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Trendstoaddress
Newconceptsfor:
Offensiveseacontrol
SeabasedAAW
Weaponsdevelopment
Increasingoffensiveseacontrolcapacity
Addressingdefensiveandconstabularymissions
Capabilityandprogramimplications
Text
In2001,theNavyplannedanewsurface
warfareapproach
NewfamilyofCG(X),DD(X),LCS
EmployingNetworkcentricwarfare
Allthreeshipsnowcancelled/truncated
Navyhasanopportunitytoimplementnew
surfacewarfareconcept
FinalspecificationsforFlightIIIDDG51
ConceptanddesignoffollowonSSCand
modificationstoLCS
PhasedmodernizationofremainingCGs
Newweaponsandsensors
Thisstudyproposesaplanfocusedon:
Largeandsmallsurfacecombatants
Resultspossiblebymid2020s
Chinathepacingchallengebutnottheonly,ormostlikely,A2/ADthreat
thesurfaceforceswillface
Iranshowslesscapablemilitariescancombinegeographyandfireand
forgetweaponsineffectiveA2/ADnetwork
NumberofActiveConflicts
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
TypesofActiveConflicts
100%
9%
13%
20%
80%
60%
53%
28%
38%
57%
67%
40%
67%
16%
20%
23%
23%
6%
0%
1946
ExtrasystemicConflict
55%
1961
InterstateConflict
13%
1976
InternalConflict
5%
7%
1991
2006
Internationalizedinternalconflict
Proxy,paramilitary,andindirectconflictsontherise
HistoricalBudgetAuthorities
900,000
Army
Navy
AirForce
DefenseWide
OIF/OEFDRAWDOWN
MillionsofFY2015$
800,000
700,000
COLDWARDRAWDOWN
DoDwide
600,000
500,000
VIETNAMDRAWDOWN
KOREA DRAWDOWN
AirForce
400,000
300,000
Navy
200,000
100,000
Army
HistoricalBudgetAuthoritiesasPercentofTotalDoN BudgetAuthority
PercentofBudgetbyCategory
100%
90%
OtherSpending
80%
70%
R&DandProcurement
60%
50%
40%
OperationsandMaintenance
30%
20%
MILPERS
10%
0%
DoN ShareofHealthcare
Budgetsunlikelytorise;pressurecontinuesonR&Dandprocurement
ColdWarOuterAirBattle
EnabledcarrierstoapproachwithinstrikingdistanceofRussia
SurfacefleetscontributionwasUp,OutandDown
Ships&aircraftabletoengageSovietbombersoutsideantishipmissilerange
Range:
50 nm
100 nm
150 nm
200 nm
250 nm
300 nm
200 nm
250 nm
300 nm
SS-N-19
BrahMos
Tondar
Karus
Nasr
Kosar
C-801
C-701 C-704
Enemy
Combatant
Range:
Enemy
Combatant
50 nm
100 nm
150 nm
U.S. Surface
Combatant
Naval Strike Missile range from IHS Janes Navy International. All other ranges from IHS Janes Defence: Weapons database.
* RGM-84L, a Harpoon Block II variant, is the only variant in service with the U.S. Navy.
** Extended-range Harpoon Block I variant previously in U.S. and foreign service.
Surfacecombatantswillconductbulkofseacontrol
Subs,carriers,amphibiousshipsconductingpowerprojectioninfuturescenarios
Defeatenemyweaponlaunchers,notjustenemyweapons
BAMS
SM-6
DDG
Future Anti-Submarine
Weapon
TAGOS
Mission
Missile
Number
100
Longrange
DefensiveAAW
SM6
16
90
Midrange
DefensiveAAW
SM2
32
ESSM
32(8cells)
BMD
SM3
Strike
Tomahawk
24
SUW
Harpoon
8nonVLS
ASW
VLA
10
80
SuccessfulEngagements
70
60
SLS
SSLS
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
DefendingMissileSingleShotPk
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Shifttoasingle,densedefensiveAAWlayer
Smallerinterceptors;justascapableandmorenumerousaslongerrange
AcknowledgeschallengesagainstOTHtargets
Enablesintegrationoflasers,railgunandelectronicwarfare
LongrangeinterceptorsusedforoffensiveAAW
ASBM
EMRG
30 nm
Defensive AAW
5 nm
ASCMSalvo
Ship Self-Defense
RAM
Laser
LCS
ESSM
DDG
JHSV
CIWS
LCS
LaseronsomeFlightIIIDDG51
300500kWabletoconductairdefense
Neededpowerandcooling(~1500kW)
toohighforotherships
Smallerlaser(~60100kW)couldbe
usedforcounterISR,counterUAV
EMrailgunonJHSV,DDG1000
32MJabletoconductairdefense,strike
Powerrequirementof17MW
64MJEMRGonDDG1000forstrike
ShiftdefensiveAAWto~30nmrange
SmallerESSMlikeinterceptor
EWsystems
Laser
Electromagneticrailgun
Mission
Missile(replacement)
Number
OffensiveAAW
SM6
32
DefensiveAAW
ESSM BlkII
96(24cells)
BMD
SM3
Strike
Tomahawk(NGLAW)
24
SUW
Harpoon(LRASM)
8nonVLS
ASW
VLA(None)
10
Morecapacityneeded
fromeachVLScell
Emphasize:
relevantcapability
multimission
applicability
smallersize;>1percell
Plannedsolutionsare
large,single
missionweapons
NoASWweaponableto
outrangesublaunched
antishipmissiles
Gettingthemostoutoftheshipsmainbattery theVLSmagazine
Mission
CurrentMissile
Number
FutureMissile
Number
OffensiveAAW
SM6
16
SM6
42
DefensiveAAW
SM2
32
ESSM BlkII
96(24cells)
ESSM
32(8cells)
BMD
SM3
SM3
Strike
Tomahawk
24
LRASM
18
SUW
Harpoon
8nonVLS
LRASM/SM
18/42
ASW
VLA
10
NewASWMissile
MultimissionLRASM
LongrangeASROC
SM6foroffense
ESSMfordefense
25
NumberofCGs
ShipCount
20
PhasedModCGs
15
CG47Replacement
10
OperatingCG6373
5
OperatingCG5262
0
FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 FY22 FY23 FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28 FY29 FY30 FY31 FY32 FY33 FY34 FY35 FY36 FY37 FY38 FY39 FY40 FY41 FY42 FY43
FiscalYear
FiscalYear
Cruiserphasedmodernizationneededforoffensiveseacontrol,airdefense
commandercapacity
THAAD Batteries
PAC-3 Batteries
Sasebo
Naval Base
Iwakuni Naval
Air Station
Tokyo
ShorebasedBMDsystemsshouldreplaceBMDshipsindefenseoffixed
Cruiserphasedmodernizationneededforoffensiveseacontrol,airdefense
locationsoverseas
commander
FutureAntiShipMissile
FutureAntiSubmarineWeapon
Passive Listening
Enablingsmallsurfacecombatantsabletocontributetooffensivesea
controlwithCGsandDDGsorontheirown
160
FollowonSSC
SSCreqmt
LCS
140
PC
120
FFG
100
LargeSurfaceCombatantreqmt
80
BMDstations
60
CSGescorts
DDG1000
FutureLargeSurface
Combatant
DDG51FlightIII
DDG51FlightIIA
DDG51FlightII
40
DDG51FlightI
20
CG
0
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
FY19
FY20
FY21
FY22
FY23
FY24
FY25
FY26
FY27
FY28
FY29
FY30
FY31
FY32
FY33
FY34
FY35
FY36
FY37
FY38
FY39
FY40
FY41
FY42
FY43
FY44
NumberofSurfaceCombatants
MCM
GrowingSSCshortfallrequiresnewapproachestoescort,trainingand
securitymissionssoCGsandDDGscanfocusonoffense
ModifyLCStobethefollowonSSC
LCSProcurement
FY05
FY06
FY07
FY08
FY09
FY10
FY11
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FollowonSSCProcurement
FY19
FY20
FY21
FY22
FY23
FY24
FY25
Onlyonevariant
EquipfordefensiveAAW,ASWand
SUWmissions
VLS(24cell)
3Dradar(notSPY)
ASWmissionpackage
Samegun
UpgradeselectedLCSwithVLS
EvolvetodedicatedLCScrews
Forwardbase16LCS
UpgradeselectedLCSwithVLS
ConsiderbuyingmoreJHSV
4LCS
8 LCS
8LCS
8 LCS
4LCS
117
Days
117
Days
117
Days
117
Days
117
Days
117
Days
117
Days
LCS1
Deployed
Homeport
LCS3
Homeport
Deployed
Crew
101
LCS1
Off
Hull
LCS3
Crew
102
Off
Hull
LCS3
LCS1
Crew
103
LCS3
LCS1
Off
Hull
LCS1
LCS1
117
Days
Off
Hull
LCS3
Off
Hull
Off
Hull
LCS3
LCS1
Off
Hull
LCS3
LCS3
LCS1
Off
Hull
LCS3
LCS1
Deployed
Homeport
LCSforward
60120 days
30days
LCSCONUS
120210days
180days
ShiftLCStodedicatedcrews;basesomeintodaysoverseasSSCports
Separatemissionpackages
fromLCSprogram
WholeMCMmissionpackage
WholeSUWmissionpackage
PartsofASWmissionpackage
Addnewmissionpackages
Electronicwarfare
Humanitarianassistance
Maritimesecurity
Considerexpandingnon
combatantfleet
Lessexpensiveoptionforsome
operationsinlowthreat
environments
Challengesdemandanewapproachtosurfacewarfare
NetworkedfamilyofCG(X),DD(X),LCSnolongerviable
Accessthreatsincreasingdefensivedemandsonall surfacecombatants
Instabilitywillincreasedemandsfortraining,cooperationandsecurity
Budgetswillprecludenewdesigneduntil2030s
Navyhasopportunitytoimplementanewsurfacefleetconcept
FlightIIIDDG51
FollowonSSCandmodificationstoLCS
PhasedmodernizationofCGs
Newweaponsandsensors(LRASM,AMDRvariants,ESSMBlockII,SEWIP)
PotentialoftheNationalFleet
Surfacefleetmustrefocusonoffensiveseacontrol
CGsandDDGsequippedandavailabletodefeatenemyplatforms
RestoreabilityofSSCstodoescort,trainingandconstabularymissions
Restoringthesurfacefleetsabilitytogainseacontrol,protectnon
combatantships,trainalliesandpartners,andsecuresealanes