1. Briefly describe the seven steps of stakeholder analysis.

ANS:
Students should describe: (1) Mapping stakeholder relationships; (2) Mapping
stakeholder coalitions; (3) Assessing the nature of each stakeholders interest; (4)
Assessing the nature of each stakeholders power; (5) Constructing a matrix of
stakeholder moral responsibilities; (6) Developing specific strategies and tactics; and
(7) Monitoring shifting coalition.
REF: p. 44 - p. 52
There are seven step in stakeholder relationships. The first one is mapping
stake holder relationships. It is done by identify the potential users and devise a plan
for using the information. Discussins in these matters must be conducted by the
stakeholder initiator or analysis. The information which generated by the
stakeholders may consists of seveal pupose such as to provide input for other
analyses and to inform the development of action plans to increase support for a
reform policy
The second step is Mapping the stakeholder coalition. For stakeholder
analysis, it is essential to be focused on specific issue and policy. Usually the
sponsors of the stakeholder analydsis will bring up the policy with the condition that
the policy will be suitable to stalkholder analysis before the process begins.
The third step is assessing the nature of each stakeholders interest. Using the
group of expertise, the nature of each of stakeholder interest should assessed.
Assessing the nature of each stakeholders interest. Using the experts input, the
working group should prioritize the list of potential stakeholders to include only
those individuals who have a direct interest in the policy and could affect its
implementation.
The forth step is, assessing the nature of each stakeholders power. The
working group should define the exact stakeholder information or characteristics to
be considered. The ability of the stakeholder to affect the implementation of the
health reform policy also should reviewed. Since the main source of a stakeholders
power is his or her resources and ability to use them, the power index is derived
from analyzing the two resource columns in the stakeholder table. Therefore, in
order to fill in the "power" column for each stakeholder, the working group must first
define the resource columns for each stakeholder according to the definition.The
resource category is divided into two parts: the quantity of resources that a
stakeholder has within his or her organization or area and the ability to mobilize
those resources
The fifth step is to constructing a matrix of stakeholder moral responsibilities.
It is essential to monitor each of the stakeholder moral responsibilities and ethical
ideologies. By implementing a policy it is essential to bring up with moral
responsibilities.
The Sixth step is Developing specific strategies and tactics.

2. Explain the diagnostic typology of organizational stakeholders.

ANS:
Please refer to Figure 2.4 in the chapter.
According to the diagnostic typology of organizational stakeholders, the first
type is supporative stakeholder with a low potential for threat and high potential for
cooperation. The technique that focal company is used is to involve the supporative
stakeholders as both internal and external stakeholders decide who should involved
in focal company and another who might being supportive.
On the other hand, type 3 which is the nonsupportive who shows a high
potential for threat and a low potential for cooperation, represents an undesirable
stance from the perspective of the influencer. The focal company should minimize
their dependence on that staklholder by fdefending their interest
Type 4 stakeholder is a mixed blessing. This type of stakeholder with high
treat and cooperative as well as call for a collaborative strategy which aims to move
the stakeholder to the focal company interests.. It is possible that this kind of
stakeholder might become a supporative and nonsupporative type.
Marginal stakeholder is in type 2. Unlike mixed blessing, this type of typology
has as low potential for both threat and cooperation. They are more likely not
interested in the issues concern.
3. Discuss the 7-phase issue development process using an example.
ANS:
Please refer to Figure 2.9 in the text.
According to the 7-phase issue development process, issues are have been observed
and believed that rotating a development life cycle. Opinions and views might be
differ in each cycle that involves time stages and phases. It is estimated take 8 years
to complete entire life cycle. As for the first one, a felt need arise. Means the
necessity of certain process or ideology or law to take place in community. For
example, the effect and causes of smoking habit.
The second one is Media coverage is developed. The harm of smoking habit
is shown in TV or social media to provide an awareness among peoples. Te third one
is interest group development gains momentum and grows. In this phase where the
non government organization will establish where the same interest of people who
goes against of smoking will form a group and act more seriously in handling the
cause. Policies are adopted by leading po liti cal jurisdictions is the forth step where
the real causes and factors are assessed and the implication on people to assessed
to create policies in the issues.

As the issue getting the momentum, the federal government will give
attention to it. The issue will be monitored and studied by a specific ministry. This is
the fifth step in the process. The sixth step is, the issues and policies evolve into
legislation and regulation. In this process the problem will be brought to the
parliament and the policies is reviewed critically. The seventh step is issue and
policies enter the litigation means the proper law is introduced such as high tax in
tobacco selling is imposed.
Describe the 4-stage issue life cycle approach.
ANS:
Please refer to Figure 2.10 in the text.
REF: p. 74 - p. 67
In the 4 stage of issue life cycle approach,

Identify and explain the 4-stage approach to crisis management.

ANS:
Please refer to Figure 2.11 in the text.
The four stage approach of crisis are prodromal stage, acute stage, chronic stage
and conflict resolution stage. Paradromal is considered as warning stage. If this
stage doesnt occur, the second stage (acute crisis) can rush in, requiring damage
control. The clues must observed carefully in this stage. The second stage is acute
crisis which often a shortest stage which is to control as much of the damage as
possible.
The third stage is chronic crisis, is the clean- up phase. This is considered as
period of recovering and selfanalysis as well. The final stage iscrisis resolution where
an resolution is made out of the crisis to avoid the crisis repeat in its way or
otherwise. It is more like prevention step also.