Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Magnetic Circuits
The study and the design of electrical machinery include the analysis of the magnetic
circuits involved in these machines. A magnetic circuit consists of a magnetic
structure built mainly of high permeability magnetic material. Thus, magnetic flux is
confined to the paths presented by the high-permeability material, just as the electric
current is confined to the paths presented by the high-conductivity conductors of the
electric circuit.
Consider the magnetic core shown in the diagram of Fig 2. It has a current (I)
carrying winding of N turns that generates a magnetomotive fource (mmf) F of NI.
Dr. Ahsan
Page 1
This mmf creates a magnetic field in the core having an intensity of H c ampereturn/meter along the length of the magnetic path. According to Amperes law
(1)
If Hc is constant, and lc is the mean path length of the core, then (1) gives,
Hclc =NI=F= mmf
(2)
The core is usually made of ferromagnetic material. The magnetic flux density B
(weber/m2) in the core is related to the magnetic field H according to the saturation
curve, or B-H curve (Fig 3). The slope of this is designated as , the permeability of
the material, thus giving relationship between B and H as
B = H
(3)
As seen from Fig 3, the slope of the curve that is not constant and depends of the
operating value of magnetic flux density ( ). The permeability of a magnetic material
is usually given relative to the permeability of the free-space, 0. Thus
= 0r.
(4)
Dr. Ahsan
Page 2
(5)
Since the flux density in the core Bc has the same direction as
NI
Bc Ac H c Ac
Ac
l
c
l
NI c
Ac
F
F NI H clc
Hc
NI
lc
(6)
Page 3
Magnetic circuit
I=current (A)
= flux (wb)
V= emf (V)
F = mmf (AT)
R= resistance ()
R = reluctance (AT/wb)
= conductivity (S/m)
= permeability (H/m)
Dr. Ahsan
Page 4
Dr. Ahsan
Page 5
Similar to Kirchhoffs voltage law, we may write, for any closed path in a magnetic
circuit,
Around a closed path in a magnetic circuit the algebraic sum of ampere-turns is equal
to the algebraic sum of the products of the reluctances and fluxes.
Again, similar to Kirchhoffs current law for a junction, for any closed path in a
magnetic circuit,
Which states that the algebraic sum of all the magnetic fluxes flowing out of a
junction in a magnetic circuit is zero.
Problems
D4.1 The magnetic circuit shown in Fig. below has an air gap cut in the right leg of
the core. The air gap is 0.1mm long. The coil is connected to a voltage source, and the
current drawn is adjusted so that the magnetic flux density in the air gap is 1.5T.
Assume that flux fringing in the air gap is negligible. The magnetic circuit has the
following dimensions: Ac=16cm2, lc=40cm, and N=350 turns. The relative
permeability of the core is r=50,000.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Dr. Ahsan
Page 6
Solution:
Here, lc = 40cm=0.4m;
Ac=16cm2=
m2,
Bg=Bc = 1.5T
Flux, =BA=1.5
(ii)
Current
(iii)
Flux,
(iv)
=2.4 mWb
=0.84 wb-t
Dr. Ahsan
Page 7
D4.2 A magnetic core is built in the form of a circular ring having a mean radius of 10
cm. A coil containing 150 turns is wound uniformly throughout the length of the core.
The coil is connected to a voltage source, and it draws a current of 15A.
a. Determine the
of the coil
b. Calculate the magnetic field intensity in the core
Solution:
Given, N=150 turns; I =15A; r = 10cm = 0.1m
a.
b. lc= 2r = 20.1=0.628 m
c.
Solution:
Here, Ac = 25cm2=2510-4 m2;
r=1500
=N=150
=2.53 wb-t
d.
Dr. Ahsan
Page 8
D4.4 A magnetic core has a circular cross-sectional area of 2.0 inch2, a mean path
length of 10 inch, and an air-gap length of 0.125 inch. A 350-turn coil is wound
around the magnetic core, and a current of 5A is supplied to the coil. Assume that the
relative permeability of the core is
and fringing of the flux in the air gap is
negligible.
a. Calculate the reluctance of the magnetic circuit
b. Find the magnetic flux density in the air gap
Solution:
A = 2.0 inch2 =
g = 0.125 inch =
N = 350 turn; I = 5A
a.
b.
=1.96
c.
D4.5 Repeat
r=5000.
Solution:
a. r=5000
AT/wb
Dr. Ahsan
Page 9
b.
=1.96
AT/wb
+1.96
=1.99
AT/wb
Flux,
=0.68 T
Dr. Ahsan
Page 10