Noun phrases: (article / possessive adj/ desmontrativepron) + Adv + Adj + noun

Positions of Adv
Vbe + Adv + Adj
Vbe + Adj
Vord + Adv/ Vmodal + adv + Vmain
Sentence patterns
S + V (intr v)
Ex: The dog is barking.
S + V + SC (subject complement)
Ex: The child looks healthy.
S + V + O (tr v)
Ex: Mr. Smith writes that book.
S + V + IO + DO (tr v) / S + V + DO + Prep + IO
Ex: My parents gave me a bicycle.
Ex: My parents gave a bicycle to me.
S + V + O + OC (tr v)

Ex: They elected him their monitor.

Because / Because of
Because + clause
1. The weather was terrible. They canceled the match.
Because ..
Because of + phrase
2. The weather was terrible. They canceled the match.

 Because of
3. We didnt go on a trip because of the bad weather.
Because ..
4. He received a poor grade. His answers were incomplete.
Because of
Although / Even though / Though / Despite / In spite of
Although / Even though / Though + clause
Despite / In spite of + phrase
5. Though it rained heavily, we went for a walk in the park.
In spite of .
6. Despite applying for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work.
Although .
7. Although the play received good notices, not many people went to see it.
Despite
8. In spite of her terrible headache, she followed the group to see the sights.
Although .
In case + clause (khng dng will, ch dng th hin ti): trong trng hp, phng khi
9. You may get hungry on the train, so take some sandwiches.
In case
10. You should take plenty of spare parts because your car might break down on the rough
mountain road.
In case ..
Not only but (also): Khng nhng m cn
11. Peter goes to university. He has a full-job.
Peter not only
12. They bought a coat. They bought an umbrella.

 They bought ..
It takes (took) + time +To V0

It takes (took) + sb + time + To V0

13. It is a six- hour drive from London to Edinburgh.

It takes ..
14. She repaired her bike about three hours.
It took ..
15. The officer spent two hours examining my passport.
It took ..
16. It took a long time for them to decide to get married.
They
17. He polished the car in half an hour.
It took him
Passive voice Active voice
ACTIVE: Graham Bell
S
PASSIVE: The telephone
S

invented
V
was invented
V (BE + V3/ED)

the telephone.
O
by Graham Bell.
tcnhn

Th n:
Be *+ V3/-ed
Th tip din:
Be *+ being + V3/-ed
Th hon thnh:
have/ has/ had + been + V3/-ed
ng t khim khuyt:
modal + be+ V3/-ed
(*) Be chia tng ng theo th, c th l: am/ is/ are/ was/ were
18. The scientists are studying the problem carefully.
The problem .
19. Millions of people use the Internet every day.
The Internet ..
20. The first fax machine was manufactured by Muirhead, Ltd., of England.
Muirhead, Ltd., of England
21. Computers are controlling traffic signals.
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 Traffic signals
22. They were giving the presenter some flowers when he left the conference.
The presenter
23. CDs and iPods have replaced records.
Records
24. Many young people embrace technological advances.
Technological advances
25. The children are making good progress.
Good progress
Have/ get + someone + V0
(Nancy got the tailor make her dress).
26. Mary had Peter take her some flowers.
Mary asked .
27. The researcher asked students to complete his questionnaire.
The researcher got
Make sb/sth/yourself + adj

make sb/sth do sth

28. They have difficulty in pleasing her once she gets upset.
It is ..
Need
Need l t khim khuyt thng dng dng ph nh l neednt + V0
Need l t thng th:
Svt+ need + V-ing/ to be V3/-ed
(mang ngha b ng)
Ex: The floor needs to be cleaned = The floor needs cleaning.
Sngi+ need+ to infinitve
(mang ngha ch ng)
Ex: He needs to take a rest
Ex: She doesnt need to go to the market.
Conditional sentences

 Type 1: (c th xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai)

If + present tense (s. present /present perfect/ present cont.)//imperative form,
modal + V0
(Modal: can/ will/ may/ shall/ must)
Ex: If someone comes in the shop, smile and say May I help you?
Type 2: (ch dk khng th xy ra hin ti)
If + past tense, S + could/ would/ might + V0
Type 3: (ch dk khng th xy ra qu kh)
If + S+ had +V3/ed,
S+ would/could/ might+ have +V3/ed
Notes
If = as long as= provided/ providing (that) = suppose (that)
Unless = ifnot, unless thng dng trong cu k loi1
Should you need = if you need (o ng ca cu k loi 1)
If I were you = were I you; if he came = Did he come (o ng ca cu k loi 2)
If I had (not) been = Had (not) I been (o ng ca cu k loi 3)
Cch vit cu iu kin:
- Nu tnh hung l mu cu cha OR/ OR else/ Otherwise/ Unless k loi 1
- Nu tnh hung th hin ti vit thnh cu k loi 2
- Nu tnh hung th qu kh vit thnh cu k loi 3
29. If youve already talked to them, take no notice of this bill. (CH2010)
You dont need .
30. The accident happened because the train driver ignored a warning light.
If
31. Leave early or you will miss the train.
If
Too for to V0
too +adj/ adv + for O + to inf (qu n ni khng th)
- The coffee is too hot for him to drink.
- He runs too fast for me to follow.
So that
so + adj/adv + that
- The party was so noisy that we couldnt hear anything.
Enough
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 Enough + N

Adj + enough

- We dont have enough money for the project

- He is not strong enough to lift the rock.
32. The furniture was so expensive that they didnt buy it.
It .
33. The bridge was too low for the bus to go under.
The bridge was so
It + be + adj + to V0

Find adj to V0

34. It is easy to get to the art- gallery.

Getting
35. Handicapped people find shopping in supermarkets difficult.
It is .
36. Entrepreneurs have difficulty in applying social marketing.
Entrepreneurs find it
Reported speech
-

Li xung 1 th so vi cu trc tip

i cc thnh phn cu cho ph hp (trng ng, ch t, tc t, tnh t s hu)
Khng o ng (S + V+O)
Cu hi Yes/ No: thm if or whether
Cu hi bt u vi WH-/ H- : khng thm if/ whether/ that
Ex: How far is it from your house to the school? the teacher said
The teacher wanted to know how far it was from my house to the school.
37. Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet? asked Peter
Peter asked .
38. Why didnt I get a computer before? thought the office manager.
The office manager wondered ..
39. Keep away from this area, said the security guard, when we approached the fence.
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 The security guard told .

40. The doctor said, You can safely begin a new exercise program.
The doctor said .
Start / begin (qk) for/ since (htht)
41. This customer has saved the points since 2009.
This customer started
42. The businessmen started discussing the problem two months ago.
The businessmen have
43. They have been living in Germany for five years now. (CH 2008)
They started .
44. John started working as a news reporter two months ago.
John has ..
As As Comparison
Form: as/ so + adj/ adv + as
- He can run as quickly as his brother does.
- She is not so/ as intelligent as her sister.
Comparative
a. short adj/ adv: adj/ adv + -er .+ than
- He runs faster than I do.
- She looks prettier than she used to.
b. long adj/ adv: more + adj/ adv + than
- She drives much more carefully than he does.
- Peter is far more intelligent than Pat.
Superlative
a. short adj/ adv: the + adj/ adv + est
- Mary is the tallest girl in my class).
b. long adj/ adv: the most + adj/ adv
- This is the most interesting movie that I have ever watched).
Notes
S S HN and S S HN (ngycng)
- It gets colder and colder in the winter.
- The food becomes more and more delicious.
S S KP (cng.., cng)
Form: The + SS hn.., the + SS hn
- The richer he is, the happier he becomes.
- The more you eat, the fatter you become.
- The farther you walked, the more tired you will feel.
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 Adj tn cng bng ed/ -ing c xem l adj di

Cc tnh t, trng t bt quy tc
Adj/adv
Sshn
SS nht
Good/ well
Better
The best
Bad/ badly
Worse
The worst
Far
Farther/ further
The farthest/ furthest
Many/ much
More
The most
Little
Less
The least
Few
Fewer
The fewest
Trc tnh t ss hn c th them cc t nh:
Much, a lot, far (= a lot), a bit = a little (mt t), slightly
Ex: Lets go by bus. Its much cheaper. (Or Its a lot cheaper.)
45. The science librarian is more helpful than the history librarian. (CH 2006)
The history librarian .
46. My friend and I are the same height.
I am ..
47. Charles is older than Liz by two years.
Liz ..
48. She manages the marketing company better than her brother.
Her brother ..
49. Peter plays soccer better than John.
John doesnt ..
So (+)/ Too (+)/ Either (-)/ Neither (-) also (Adv)
50.

John went to the mountains on his vacation, and so did we.

John went to the mountains on his vacation, and we did, too.
I didn't see Mary this morning, and John didn't either.
I didn't see Mary this morning, and neither did John.
Times have changed. I have changed.

Times have changed, and

51. Theyre not hungry. We arent hungry.
Theyre not hungry, and .
52. He remembered, and so did she.
He didnt
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 Other kinds of sentence transformation

53. He sat down and made himself at home.
He made himself ..
54. Susan has been away for more than a week.
Susan hasnt been ..
55. Do you use a computer well?
Are you
56. My father said I could use his car.
My father allowed ..
57. I cant understand why you didnt come and see me earlier.
What I can
58. This is the first time we have seen this film.
We have not
59. Kate hasnt taken a driving test before.
This is the first time ..
60. Why hasnt Robert come? She asked herself.
She wondered
-The end-