Brochure Degree Courses

Degree Courses
at German Universities
An Overview by Subject Area
9th Edition
DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!
Publisher DAAD
Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst
German Academic Exchange Service
Kennedyallee 50, D-53175 Bonn (Germany)
www.daad.de
Section: Promotion of Studies and Research in Germany, Internet
Project Coordination Alexander Haridi, Anne Mnkel
Publishing House BW Bildung und Wissen Verlag und Software GmbH, Nrnberg
Editor Simone Krach-Kestin
Translation Guy Moore, Bad Honnef
Layout LPG Loewenstern Padberg GbR, Bonn
Typesetting W. Bertelsmann Verlag, Bielefeld
Printed by Moeker Merkur Druck GmbH, Kln
Print-run May 2008 10,000
Excerpt from www-en.studienwahl.de with the kind permission of the editors, Die Lnder der
Bundesrepublik Deutschland and Bundesagentur fr Arbeit (BA); responsible for the contents:
BW Bildung und Wissen Verlag und Software GmbH
for the contents: Die Lnder der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bundesagentur fr Arbeit and
BW Bildung und Wissen Verlag und Software GmbH
Degree Courses at German Universities 9th Edition: DAAD
Any reproduction, even of extracts, only with appropriate source details.
This publication was funded by the German Federal Foreign Office.
Degree Courses at German Universities
Content
Introduction
Abbreviations
15
16
18
20
21
23
1 Agriculture and Forest Science

Farming/Agriculture, Viniculture
Forestry, Forest Management
Horticultural Sciences
Landscape Architecture, Landscape Management
Wood and Timber Management, Wood and Timber Engineering, Wood and Timber
Construction, Wood and Timber Interior Fitting and Renishing
25
26
27
30
31
34
37
39
41
43
45
49
52
54
57
58
61
62
65
66
68
2 Engineering
Aerospace Engineering
Architecture, Urban Planning
Automotive Engineering, Trafc and Transport Engineering
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering and Information Technology
Environmental Protection, Ecology, Waste Disposal Technology
Food Technology
Public Health Engineering, Medical Technology and Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Materials Sciences, Materials Engineering, Building Materials, Paper Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Mechatronics
Mining, Geoengineering, Mine Surveying
Navigation: Nautical Science, Ship Operations Engineering, Maritime Transport
Optical Technologies
Precision and Micro Engineering
Printing Technology and Media Technology
Production Engineering
Public Utilities Engineering, Facility Engineering
Regional and Area Planning
69
70
73
Ship Engineering, Nautical and Marine Engineering/Technology

Surveying/Geodesy, Cartography
Textile Engineering, Clothing Technology
75
76
77
79
81
82
84
86
87
88
91
93
95
96
99
101
102
106
108
109
110
3 Languages, Humanities, Cultural Studies, Art and Design

Art History
Cultural Studies
Design
Drama and Theatre Studies
German Studies
History
Interior Design
Jewish Studies, Judaic Studies
Library Administration, Archive Administration, Documentation
Linguistic and Speech Sciences, including Phonetics, Linguistics and Rhetoric
Media
Media Studies, Journalism
Music, Performing Arts
Musicology
Philology, Classical
Philology, Modern
Philosophy
Religious Studies
Translating and Interpreting
Visual Arts
113
114
116
117
123
124
4 Law and Economics/Business Administration

Business Information Systems
Commercial Law
Economic Sciences
Law
Transportation and Logistics
127
128
129
131
133
136
140
141
5 Mathematics, Natural Sciences

Biochemistry
Biology
Biotechnology, Bioengineering
Chemistry, Food Chemistry
Computer Science
Domestic and Nutritional Science/Dietetics
Geography
Content 5
143
145
148
151
153
Geosciences/Earth Sciences
Mathematics
Physics, Physical Engineering, Astronomy
Process Engineering/Chemical Engineering
Statistics
155
156
157
159
160
162
165
6 Medical and Public Health Services

Dentistry
Medicine
Nursing and Public Health Studies, Education and Management in the Public Health
System
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Engineering
Therapy professions
Veterinary medicine
167
168
169
170
172
174
175
177
179
180
7 Social Sciences
Educational Science
Political Science
Psychology
Religious Education
Social Sciences, Sociology
Social Work, Social Education, Social Affairs
Sport
Theology (Catholic)
Theology (Protestant)
183
Higher Education Institutions in Germany
203
Alphabetical Index of Degree Courses
230
Goals, Roles and Programmes of the DAAD
232
Where to find more information
Introduction
Welcome to the world of German higher

education! This guide provides an overview of the wide range of study opportunities, curricula and degree programmes
that Germanys many higher education
institutions offer.
We have various types of higher education
institutions. There are traditional universities, including technical universities
and universities of technology and other
academic institutions of equivalent status,
such as medical schools and universities,
universities of education, church colleges (Protestant), colleges of philosophy
and theology (Catholic) and colleges and
universities of art, film and music. And,
finally, there are universities of applied
sciences (Fachhochschulen).
Traditional universities and institutions
of equivalent status teach and research.
They are entitled to confer academic
degrees (Bachelors, Masters, State Examination, doctoral degrees and in some
cases Diplom and Magister degrees).
Universities also set and hold examinations. Those wishing to work in research
or academia can obtain the qualifications they need from these institutions.
The subjects offered by these are often
grouped together in faculties, departments, schools or other units. Typical
examples include engineering, natural
sciences, medicine, law, economics and

business administration, social sciences,
arts and humanities, and agricultural
sciences.
Universities of applied sciences (in
German Fachhochschulen or sometimes just Hochschulen, abbreviated

as FH and HS, respectively) differ from
the traditional universities above in one
important respect. They do not award
doctorates. Rather, these institutions provide their students with the qualifications
needed to work independently in their
chosen professions, where they apply the
scientific knowledge and artistic skills
that they have acquired in their academic
studies. Some of the degree programmes
offered by universities of applied sciences correspond with those offered by
universities. The goals and contents of
these programmes have a clear practical and applied focus as expressed in the
name universities of applied sciences.
Students of such programmes complete
extended periods of practical training
(internships, work placements, practical
semesters) as an inherent part of their
curriculum. Students at universities of
applied sciences graduate with a Bachelors or a Masters degree. In some cases,
the Diplom degree is awarded with an FH
label to denote that it was conferred by a
Fachhochschule.
Introduction 7
Colleges of art, film and music offer
degree courses in artistic and musical

subjects. They generally offer special art
or music degrees. They are also entitled to
confer doctorates.
All of Germanys higher education institutions are currently reforming their degree
structure in accordance with the Bologna
Process. This involves a transition from
Diplom and Magister degrees to Bachelors
and Masters degrees. Bachelors programmes last six to eight semesters, generally equal to 180 credit points; Masters
programmes last between two and four
semesters, covering a maximum of 120
credit points. Holders of a Masters degree
meet the formal requirement for admission
to a doctoral programme at a university.
The winter semester 2007/2008 already
saw around two thirds of all degree programmes offered with these international
degrees. The deadline for the final completion of these reforms has been set at
2010. This means that some courses and
programmes will no longer be continued,
while, in other cases, new courses and programmes will be opened sometimes at
quite short notice.
Please also note that degree programmes
qualifying graduates for an academic profession will continue to end with a state
examination degree (Staatsprfung/Staatsexamen). The professions in question are:
Medicine, Dentistry, Veterinary Science,
Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Teaching, and
Law. The relevant chapters provide more
information on the structure and length of
these degree programmes.
An English-German index of common

degree programme titles at the end of
the brochure aims to help you gain a better understanding of the German higher
education system. You will also find a list
of all the higher education institutions in
Germany, along with important links on
where you can find more information.
Admission: There are various ways to
apply for a study place at a German
higher education institution. The question of which route is the right one for you
depends on your chosen subject, on the
higher education institution in question,
and on your country of origin. International applicants are required to present school
or academic certificates that are also recognised as higher education entrance qualifications in their country of origin or home
country. International students often have
to apply direct to the International Office
(Akademisches Auslandsamt) or to the
Registrars Office (Studierendensekretariat) at the university at which they would
like to study.
More than 100 German higher education

institutions only process applications from
abroad after these have been checked for
formal compliance by uni-assist (Service
Centre for International Student Applications).
On the other hand, higher education
institutions are increasingly deciding for
themselves who can study at their institution on the basis of certain quality criteria.
Furthermore, special qualifications such
as certificates confirming the completion
of an internship or special aptitude or
skills may be required before the studies

begin. More information on questions of
admission can be found at www.daad.de/
zulassung, at www.uni-assist.de and at
www.anabin.de. anabin is a database (German language only) run by the Central
Office for Foreign Education that provides
information on the recognition of foreign educational or academic certificates.
Applicants from abroad are also generally
required to prove that they have adequate
German language skills before they can
start studying in Germany. This proof can
best be provided by submitting certain language certificates.
Once you have decided on which subject
you wish to study, the guide will provide
a detailed description of the programmes
and degrees in alphabetical order.
The guide only contains information of
relevance to degree programmes and
courses offered in Germany. For additional information please check the other
DAAD publications.
The International Office (Akademisches
Auslandsamt) and the Registrars Office
(Studierendensekretariat) are the most
important contact points for foreign students at German higher education institutions (For a list of addresses: see page 183).
Please note:
Various German abbreviations have not

been translated, especially in the list of
course or programme providers. Where no
exact English equivalent exists for a German institution, just the German title will
be given. The same applies to the degrees
Diplom and Magister.
We now wish you all the best in your
search for a degree programme that meets
your requirements and interests!
Abbreviations 9
Abbreviations
AKAD FH
AkdBK
AMD
ASFH
BC
BiTS
BLS
BTK
DHV
DIU
DSHS
EBS
EFB
EFF
EHS
ESCP-EAP
Esmt
EUFH
EvFH
EvFHS
FABW
FernFH
AKAD Fachhochschule (AKAD University of Applied Sciences)

Akademie der Bildenden Knste (Academy of Visual Arts)
Akademie Mode & Design (Academy of Fashion and Design)
Alice-Salomon Fachhochschule fr Sozialarbeit und Sozialpdagogik
Berlin (University of Applied Sciences Social Work and Social
Education)
Baltic College Gstrow (University of Applied Sciences)
Business and Information Technology School
Bucerius Law School
Berliner Technische Kunsthochschule (Berlin Technical College of
Art)
Deutsche Hochschule fr Verwaltungswissenschaften (German
University of Administrative Sciences)
Dresden International University
Deutsche Sporthochschule (German Sports University)
European Business School
Evangelische Fachhochschule Berlin (Protestant University of
Applied Sciences Berlin)
Europa Fachhochschule Fresenius (European University of Applied
Sciences Fresenius)
Evangelische Hochschule fr Soziale Arbeit (Protestant University of
Applied Sciences Social Work)
Europische Wirtschaftshochschule (European School of Management)
European School of Management and Technology
Europische Fachhochschule (European University of Applied
Sciences)
Evangelische Fachhochschule (Protestant University of Applied
Sciences)
Evangelische Hochschule fr Soziale Arbeit (Protestant University of
Applied Sciences Social Work)
Filmakademie Baden-Wrttemberg (College of Film BadenWrttemberg)
Fern-Fachhochschule (Distance Studies University of Applied
Sciences)
10
FernU
FH
FHAM
FHdD
FHDW
FHKunst
FHM
FHTelekom
FHTG
FHTW
FHVR
FHW
FHWT
FilmHS
FOM
FU
GSA
H
HandelsH
HAW
HAWK
HBK
HCU
HdM
HfBK
Fernuniversitt (Distance Studies University)

Fachhochschule (University of Applied Sciences)
Fachhochschule fr angewandtes Management (University of
Applied Sciences applied Management)
Fachhochschule der Diakonie (Diaconia-University of Applied
Sciences)
Fachhochschule fr die Wirtschaft (University of Applied Sciences
Business and Management)
Fachhochschule fr Kunsttherapie, Kunstpdagogik und Kunst
(University of Applied Sciences Art, Art Therapy and Art Education)
Fachhochschule des Mittelstands (University of Applied Sciences of
the Small Business)
Deutsche Telekom Fachhochschule (German Telekom University of
Applied Sciences)
Fachhochschule fr Technik und Gestaltung (University of Applied
Sciences Technology and Design)
Fachhochschule fr Technik und Wirtschaft (University of Applied
Sciences Technology and Business)
Fachhochschule fr Verwaltung und Rechtspflege (University of
Applied Sciences for Administration and Legal Affairs)
Fachhochschule fr Wirtschaft (University of Applied Sciences
Business and Management)
Fachhochschule fr Wirtschaft und Technik (University of Applied
Sciences Business and Technology)
Hochschule fr digitale Medienproduktion (The German Film
School)
Fachhochschule fr Oekonomie & Management (University of
Applied Sciences Economics & Management)
Freie Universitt (Free University)
Gustav-Siewerth-Akademie (Gustav-Siewerth-Academy)
Hochschule (Higher Education Institution)
Handelshochschule Leipzig (Leipzig Graduate School of
Management)
Hochschule fr Angewandte Wissenschaften (University of Applied
Sciences)
Hochschule fr angewandte Wissenschaft und Kunst (University of
Applied Sciences and Arts)
Hochschule fr Bildende Knste (College of Fine Arts)
HafenCity Universitt (Harbour City University Hamburg)
Hochschule der Medien (Media University)
Hochschule fr Bildende Knste (College of Fine Art)
Abbreviations 11
HFF
HfG
HfGest
HFH
HfK
HfKi
HfKiM
HfKM
HfKuD
HfM
HfMDK
HfMT
HfP
HfS
HFS
HFT
HfTL
HfWU
H:G
HGB
HHN
HJS
HMT
HPhil
HS
HSBA
HSF
HS Gestaltung
HSoG
HTW
HTWK
Hochschule fr Film und Fernsehen (College of Film and

Television)
Hochschule fr Gestaltung (University of Design)
Hochschule fr Gestaltung (College of Design)
Hamburger Fern-Hochschule (Hamburg Distance Learning Institute)
Hochschule fr Knste (University of Arts)
Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik (College of Church Music)
Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik (College of Church Music)
Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik und Musikpdagogik (College of
Church Music and Music Education)
Hochschule fr Kunst und Design (College of Art and Design)
Hochschule fr Musik (College of Music)
Hochschule fr Musik und Darstellende Kunst (College of Music
and Performing Arts)
Hochschule fr Musik und Theater (College of Music and Theatre)
Hochschule fr Politik (University for Political Studies)
Hochschule fr Schauspiel (College of Drama)
Hochschule fr Sozialwesen (University of Applied Sciences Social
Studies)
Hochschule fr Technik (University of Applied Sciences
Technology)
Hochschule fr Telekommunikation Leipzig (University of
Telecommunications Leipzig)
Hochschule fr Wirtschaft und Umwelt (Nrtingen Geislingen
University of Business and Environment)
Hochschule fr Gesundheit & Sport (University of Health and Sport)
Hochschule fr Grafik und Buchkunst (College of Graphic and Book
Art)
Hochschule Heilbronn (Heilbronn University of Applied Sciences)
Hochschule fr Jdische Studien (University for Jewish Studies)
Hochschule fr Musik und Theater (College of Music and Theatre)
Hochschule fr Philosophie (University of Philosophy)
Hochschule (Higher Education Institution)
Hamburg School of Business Administration
Hochschule der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe (Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe-University of Applied Sciences)
Hochschule fr Gestaltung (University of Design)
Hertie School of Governance
Hochschule fr Technik und Wirtschaft (University of Technology
and Business)
Hochschule fr Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur (University of
Applied Sciences Technology, Business and Culture)
12
HU
IB-HS
IBS
IH
IHI
ISM
ISS
IU
KathFH
KathFHS
KH
KHSB
KiH/KiHo
KuAk
KuHMedien
LuthThH
MBS
MDH
Merkur int. FH
MerzAk
MFM
MHH
NTA
PH
PhThH
Pop-Akad.BW
Priv.FH
PTHV
Humboldt-Universitt (Humboldt-University)
IB-Hochschule fr Soziales und Kommunikation (University of
Social and Communication Studies)
International Business School
Internationale Hochschule (International University of Applied
Sciences and Arts)
Internationales Hochschulinstitut (International Higher Education
Institute)
International School of Management
International Business School of Service Management
International University
Katholische Fachhochschule (Catholic University of Applied Sciences)
Katholische Fachhochschule Hochschule fr Sozialwesen,
Religionspdagogik und Pflege (Catholic University of Applied
Sciences Social Studies, Religious Education and Nursing)
Muthesius Kunsthochschule (Muthesius Academy of Fine Arts)
Katholische Hochschule fr Sozialwesen Berlin (Catholic University
for Applied Sciences Berlin)
Kirchliche Hochschule (Protestant Studies College)
Kunstakademie (Academy of Arts)
Kunsthochschule fr Medien (Academy of Media Arts)
Lutherisch Theologische Hochschule (Lutherian Theological College)
Munich Business School
Mediadesign Hochschule (University of Applied Sciences Mediadesign)
Merkur Internationale Fachhochschule (Merkur International
University of Applied Sciences)
Merz Akademie Hochschule fr Gestaltung (Merz Academy
University of Applied Sciences for Design)
macromedia fachhochschule der medien (Macromedia University of
Applied Sciences of Media)
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (Hannover Medical School)
Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Akademie (University of Sciences
and Technology)
Pdagogische Hochschule (College of Education)
Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule (Catholic Studies College)
Pop-Akademie Baden-Wrttemberg (Pop Music Academy of BadenWrttemberg)
private Hochschule (Private University of Applied Sciences)
Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Vallendar (Catholic Studies
College Vallendar)
Abbreviations 13
RheinFH
SDI
SHB
SRH
TFH
TH
Theol. S
ThFak
ThH
TiHo
TU
TUBergAk
U
UBw
UdK
UMC
WHL
WHU
ZU
Rheinische Fachhochschule Kln (Technical University of Applied

Sciences at Cologne)
Hochschule fr Angewandte Sprachen (University of Applied
Languages)
Steinbeis-Hochschule Berlin (Steinbeis University Berlin)
SRH Hochschule (SRH University of Applied Sciences)
Technische Fachhochschule (Technical University of Applied
Sciences)
Technische Hochschule (Technical University)
Theologisches Seminar (Katholic Studies College)
Theologische Fakultt (Theological Faculty)
Theologische Hochschule (Theological College)
Tierrztliche Hochschule (School of Veterinary Science)
Technische Universitt (Technical University)
Technische Universitt Bergakademie (Technical University Mining
Academy)
Universitt (University)
Universitt der Bundeswehr (University of the Federal Armed Forces)
Universitt der Knste (University of the Arts)
University of Management
Wissenschaftliche Hochschule Lahr (Graduate School of Business
and Economics)
Wissenschaftliche Hochschule fr Unternehmensfhrung (Graduate
School of Corporate Management)
Zeppelin University
14
Degree Courses at German Universities 15
Agriculture and Forest Science
16
1.1
Farming/Agriculture, Viniculture
Study Field Outline

Farming and agriculture address the
economic and commercial use and cultivation of farmland for crop and livestock
production. This includes wine-growing
(viniculture) and the processing of agricultural produce, such as dairy farming. Agriculture is closely related to forest science/
forest management. Studies in agriculture
and the more technology orientated field
of farming at universities of applied sciences generally lead to careers in teaching,
consultancy and administration, and more
rarely to practical hands-on work as a
farmer. Agriculture is based on science,
engineering, economics and business
management, and social sciences, includ-
ing the use of electronic control equipment to produce optimum yields. Following the needs of present-day farming and
agriculture, the field of phytomedicine,
the theory of plant diseases and disorders,
and their prevention, has taken on a much
more important role. Organic farming,
welfare-orientated animal husbandry,
and the environmentally-compatible use
of artificial fertilisers (e.g. anti-water pollution measures) plus comprehensive
agricultural training that not only teaches
the principles of organic farming but also
delivers a knowledge of marketing, corporate management and product quality (e.g.
the degree programme in organic farming) are becoming ever more important.
Practical experience/internships:
before they can be accepted. Aspiring agricultural engineers are recommended to

acquire practical knowledge and insights.
Students are not generally required to

complete a period of pre-study practical
training (work placements, internships)
before they commence their studies,
although such training is generally
recommended (6 weeks). In some cases,
students are required to complete a prestudy internship (13 weeks to 12 months).
6 to 12 months of practical training must
generally have been completed before
the final examination is taken. All federal
states require that candidates for higher
agricultural civil service positions, including teaching, have completed at least 12
months of professional practical training
Studies: Students initially take modules to

acquire the scientific and socio-scientific
principles. like botany, zoology, chemistry, agricultural meteorology, mathematics and statistics, resource conservation.
Specialist modules, like farm/agricultural
management, plant/crop nutrition and
phytopathology, plant/crop production,
grassland farming, animal breeding and
animal husbandry, feed science, soil
science/pedology, agricultural engineering
and machinery, agricultural policy, market theory. Extension and consolidation
options in crop science, livestock science,
Studies at Universities
Agriculture and Forest Science 17
agricultural engineering and machinery,

agronomy and agribusiness, farming economics and social sciences, environmental
science of agricultural landscapes. Crossdisciplinary modules also offered, e.g. agricultural information systems, professional
communication, scientific consulting.
Programmes in this field

Berlin HU Berlin TU Bonn U
Cottbus TU Gieen U
(Gieen, Geisenheim) Gttingen U
Halle-Wittenberg U Hohenheim U
(Stuttgart) Kassel U (Witzenhausen)
Kiel U Mnchen TU (Freising) Rostock U
Some universities divide the Bachelors

programme into a basic and a main study
stage / consolidation studies.
Studies at Universities of Applied

Sciences
Practical experience/internships: Prestudy internships of between 6 weeks and
12 months are required as prescribed by
federal state regulations. Essentially, no
proof of pre-study practical experience
needed if the applicant holds an appropriate vocational or school qualification.
Studies: Programme-dependent, variously weighted modules on the scientifictechnological principles of mathematics,
statistics, physics, botany, animal biology,
agricultural chemistry, soil science and
regional studies, plant and animal nutrition, agricultural machinery and engineering, agricultural production and the
environment, plus economic, legal and
socio-scientific aspects. Complementary
modules on foreign languages, professional information systems, agricultural
history, principles of management, etc.
animal production, organic farming,

agronomy, agricultural machinery and
engineering, agricultural building, etc.
Viniculture, beverage technology:
Majors to be chosen in viniculture and

cellar management or beverage technology.
International wine management:
Delivery of general specialist knowledge in the field of viniculture/viticulture, oenology and in economics and
business administration, plus in fields
of international wine management.

Anhalt HS (Bernburg, Kthen) Bingen FH
Dresden HTW Eberswalde FH Kiel FH
(Osterrnfeld) Kln FH
Neubrandenburg HS Nrtingen HfWU
Osnabrck FH Rottenburg HS
Sdwestfalen FH (Soest) Weihenstephan
FH (Freising, Triesdorf) Wiesbaden FH
(Geisenheim)
Agriculture, agricultural management,

farming: Extension and consolidation
courses plus applied fields of specialisation to be chosen from plant and

18
1.2
Forestry, Forest Management
Study Field Outline

Forestry and forest management deal with
the sustainable, planned and professional
use of forests to meet the requirements
of human society, focusing on economic
and commercial use as well as on the
significance of forests and woods for
the environment and especially for the
viability of the biosphere, the climate, the
water balance, clean air, soil fertility, the
countryside, farming, agriculture and the
infrastructure, as well as rest and recreation for the population. The importance
of this economic sector is illustrated by
the fact that one third of Germanys surface area is covered by woods and forests.
Wood (timber) is an important resource
and is, in economic terms, the most
important renewable raw material. Wood
serves as an important commodity for the
local timber and paper industry. Forest science and forest management also concern
themselves with questions of tropical rain
Practical experience/internships: A study-
integrated work experience internship of

several months is completed in forestry
field offices and forestry companies.
Studies: Scientific and methodological
principles of forest science and resource

management, including relevant modules
in mathematics, chemistry, biology, soil
science/pedology and site ecology and
forests and global wood and forest ecosystems, and with questions of international
marketing, for example. All in all, forest
management strives to optimise wood production based on ecological considerations
while at the same time securing the protective and recreational function of woods
and forests.
The diverse range of responsibilities performed by forest managers and engineers
call for an ability to solve biological and
ecological problems and for an understanding of engineering and business
management issues, plus knowledge of
law, commercial skills and an extensive
knowledge of administration.
Universities of applied sciences programmes in forest management concentrate more on practical woodland management and operational management
of forestry measures as district forest
supervisors.
topology, forest botany, dendrology, climatology and forest meteorology, forest

site mapping and cataloguing, zoology,
wildlife research, economic principles,
forest law.
Scientific specialisation and consolidation
through optional and core study areas.
Modules on forest and woodland ecology,
forest ergonomics and forest operations
engineering, forest exploitation, forest and
woodland management, forest policy, tim-
ber market studies, wood uses, forest and

woodland planning, landscape development, law, forest administration studies.
Core areas like international forest economics, arboreal medicine, nature conservation and environmental law, plantation/
orchard technology.
Universities have partly abolished the formal division of the basic and main study
stage.

Sciences
Specific consolidation in applied fields of

production, silviculture and forestry engineering, forest management, operational
management, forest and woodland ecology. Majors enable students to specialise
in fields like forest and local authority
management, geographical information
systems (GIS) and landscape management, tropical forest management, international wood and timber trading, etc.
Complementary modules on topics like
project management, foreign languages,
quality management, forest and woodland
education.
Practical experience/internships: Depend-
ing on the school/vocational qualifications, a pre-study internship of several

weeks is generally required, e.g. in forest
field offices, forest companies. Integrated,
professional practical semester completed
during the studies.
Studies: Initially, the programme delivers
the ecological, scientific, economic and

technical principles with modules in botany, zoology, wildlife ecology, forest work
science, applied forestry engineering, soil
science, site ecology and topology, forest
and woodland ecology, climatology, tree
species research, mathematics, surveying,
site mapping, statistics, applied computing, business administration, health and
safety at work.

Dresden TU (Tharandt) Freiburg U
Gttingen U Mnchen TU (Freising)

Eberswalde FH Erfurt FH Hildesheim/
Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK (Gttingen)
Kln FH Rottenburg HS Weihenstephan
FH (Freising)
20
1.3
Horticultural Sciences
Study Field Outline

Horticulture builds on the scientific,
economic, sociological and technical principles and knowledge needed to facilitate
the best possible environment-conserving
crop production and breeding for human
nutrition and for the enhancement and
visual improvement of the living environment. Key areas include tree and shrub
nurseries and gardening, fruit and vegetable growing and ornamental horticulture,
garden plant and seed growing, horticul-
Practical experience/internships: Students are either required to complete an
eight-week basic and an eight-week work
experience internship or a six-month
vocational internship before they graduate.
Students wishing to enter the higher agricultural civil services are urgently recommended to complete a one-year internship.
tural management and market theory,

greenhouse technology, plant protection
(pest control). Horticulture firstly delivers a broad knowledge base in all fields
of modern horticultural sciences, such as
modern production processes in intensive
farming, sustainable resource usage and
biological plant protection, and so leads to
an ecological understanding of horticulture; secondly, the teaching also delivers
the necessary economic and sociological
knowledge and competence.
production, horticultural engineering and

technology, fruit, vegetable and ornamental plant growing, tree nurseries, meteorology, plant physiology, soil science/pedology, biostatistics, genetics, plant nutrition,
phytomedicine. Extension and consolidation with focuses in biology, ecology,
agronomy, engineering and economics.
Complementary courses provide students
with cross-disciplinary key qualifications.
Studies: Initially, studies focus on learn-
ing the scientific principles and horticultural plant production. Modules include
general biology, botany, biomathematics,
(bio)chemistry, physics, horticultural plant

Berlin HU Berlin TU Hannover U
Mnchen TU (Freising)

Sciences
ing on the school/vocational qualifications, students are generally required to

complete a pre-study internship of several
weeks, for example in a professional horticultural production and services company,
in floristics, agriculture and forest management. Students generally complete a
practical or project semester during their
studies.
market theory, ornamental plant growing,

vegetable growing, tree nurseries, phytomedicine, technical and business administration principles, marketing and corporate management. Later, students extend
and consolidate their knowledge with
elective modules like ornamental plant
growing, vegetable growing, fruit growing,
tree nurseries, international horticulture,
optimised production, horticultural market theory, business management and
consultancy or organic horticulture.
Studies: Modules in the scientific and
horticultural principles, like mathematicalphysical principles, botany and genetics,

chemistry, plant and crop production,
plant nutrition and soil science, statistics
and research techniques, horticultural
Berlin TFH Dresden HTW Erfurt FH

Osnabrck FH Weihenstephan FH
(Freising) Wiesbaden FH (Geisenheim)
1.4
Landscape Architecture,
Landscape Management
Study Field Outline

Landscape architecture prepares students
for positions as landscape architects.
It delivers the knowledge and skills
required for planning, designing and
drawing up projects, for building, preserving, developing and recultivating
parks and open and recreational areas
and spaces. The combination of art and
design, science and ecology, planning
and structural design plays an important
role in this respect.
Besides the classical fields of park and

recreational area planning (open spaces),
landscape planning and landscape gardening/engineering, garden heritage
conservation and village development
provide interesting new work areas with
responsibilities in cultural-historical management, species and biotope protection
planning, environmental compatibility
assessments plus leisure and recreation
planning. Landscape architecture/landscape management offers orientation and
consolidation projects to prepare students,
in particular, for future largely planning
22
orientated careers. Students must have

artistic skills as an important prerequisite
for design-based, creative assignments.
Programmes differ greatly from one institution to the next.
The study of arboristics (trees and shrubs)

focuses on the protection, care and development or urban greenery.
Main study stage: Extension and consoli-
6 months before graduation. Credits for

other practical training (apprenticeships).
Basic study stage: Introduction to scientific principles and subjects like surveying,
visualisation and design, projective geometry, soil chemistry, plants and building
materials, botany, geobotany, soil science
and site ecology and topology, ecology,
history of building/built environment
history, open space, recreational and park
planning, landscape engineering. Project
planning, planning theory and methodology, planning-related sociology and other
optionals and excursions.
dation studies in fields of open space/park

planning, garden heritage conservation,
recreational area development, urban ecology, urban, rural and regional planning,
meteorology, water management, environmental and planning law, landscape and
recreational planning, nature conservation, environmental management.

Berlin TU Dresden TU Freiburg U
Greifswald U Hannover U Kassel U
Mnchen TU (Freising) Mnster U
Oldenburg U Rostock U

Sciences
Landscape architecture/landscape
management
Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises

and practical courses on the scientific,
landscape engineering, technical, design,
botanical/phytological, planning and economic principles.

weeks, for example in horticultural and
landscape planning companies. A practical
semester is generally completed during
the studies.
Main study stage: Consolidation and ex-
tension studies plus a wide range of optionals. Specialisation possible in open space/
park planning, landscape and environmental planning or landscape engineering.
Arboristics
Studies: Programmes focus on urban
dendrology and site ecology and topology,

protection, management, planning and
development of urban greenery and teaching in the scientific, economic and legal
principles.
1.5

Anhalt HS (Bernburg) Berlin TFH
Dresden HTW Eberswalde FH Erfurt FH
Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK
(Gttingen) Lippe und Hxter FH (Hxter)
Neubrandenburg HS Nrtingen HfWU
Osnabrck FH Weihenstephan FH (Freising,
Weihenstephan) Wiesbaden FH
(Geisenheim, Wiesbaden)
Wood and Timber Management, Wood and

Timber Engineering, Wood and Timber
Construction, Wood and Timber Interior Fitting
and Refinishing
Study Field Outline

Wood is extremely versatile and continues, as ever, to be one of the most widely
used materials, often in combination with
metals, plastics, glass or other materials
(furniture, construction). The processing
of wood (sawn timber, veneer, boards),
its manufacture into finished products
(structural components, wooden units,
furniture, wooden products) and use,
above all, in the chemical industry (cellulose, paper, fibreboard), have resulted
Practical experience/internships: Students
spend 8 weeks each in basic and extended

studies with the opportunity to have any
relevant vocational training credited to their
course. Course integrated excursions.
in the development of wood-specialised

training for industrial and materials engineers.
Wood management covers the wood/
timber industry, wood/timber trade and
wood and timber research, while studies
in wood engineering offered by universities of applied sciences concentrate on
operations management and production
engineering with specialisation in woodrelated fields.
Studies: Introductory studies and modules on woodland and forest management, principles of mathematics, biology,
chemistry and physics, wood physics and
business management. Extension and consolidation modules include wood biology,
wood chemistry, chemical wood technol-
24
ogy, wood physics, mechanical process

engineering, forest production and ergonomics, wood and timber market studies.

Sciences
ing on the school/vocational qualification,

students complete a pre-study internship
of several weeks. Practical and project
phases of varying length are completed
during the studies.
Basic study stage: Lectures and practical
courses in engineering and fundamental
scientific subjects.
Wood technology:
Main study stage: Materials sciences
and engineering, wood manufacturing
and plastics processing, machine tools,
structural design theory, electrical and
energy/power engineering, organisation
of plant operations, applied computing,
work theory, business administration and
management.

Dresden TU Hamburg U Hannover U
ing materials, building chemistry, wood

preservation, building in existing fabric
refurbishing, converting, renovating,
building law, building physics, facility
engineering, drywalling, interior fitting
and refinishing, production methods,
business administration, building and
construction management, corporate
planning.
Interior fitting:
Main study stage: Structural timber engi-
neering, theory of structures, materials

science, building law, building physics,
facility engineering, refinishing, drywalling, furniture making and interior fitting,
production methods, business administration, organisation, company planning.

Eberswalde FH Hildesheim/Holzminden/
Gttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) Lippe und
Hxter FH (Lemgo) Rosenheim FH
Wood and timber interior fitting and

refinishing:
Main study stage: Structural timber
engineering, theory of structures, build-
Engineering
26
2.1
Aerospace Engineering
Study Field Outline

Aeronautical engineering deals with the
development, construction, fitting and
operation of aircraft, in particular aeroplanes and helicopters, and their constituent components: cell (fuselage, wings/airfoils/aerofoils, tail planes, aileron/rudder),
power plant, equipment.
Space engineering studies the development, construction, and operation of space

transport systems (rockets) and aerodynes
(e.g. satellites) adapted to the special
conditions prevailing in space (vacuum,
weightlessness, extreme temperature differences, high-energy radiation, extreme
space and weight exploitation/efficiency).
Both fields seek to design systems that are
as light as possible and extremely reliable.
Practical experience/internships: In most
cases 6 months, of which 2 or 3 months to
be completed before studies commence.
Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises
and practical courses, covering largely the
same fields as mechanical engineering,
plus some initial specialist courses.
Main study stage: Special aerospace engineering subjects, like fluid dynamics and
flight mechanics, vehicle and power plant
engineering, instrument and control engineering, aircraft electronics etc. Core study

Sciences
ing on the school/vocational qualifica-
options (differing greatly from one institution to the next) include technical design
of the aircraft cell and structure, aerospace
power plants and propulsion systems,
flight direction engineering, flight operations, air traffic, astronautics.

Aachen TH Berlin TU
Braunschweig TU Dresden TU Mnchen
TU (Garching, Mnchen) Mnchen UBw
(Neubiberg) Stuttgart U
tions, students are required to complete a

pre-study internship of several weeks, for
example in metal, mechanical or electrical
engineering. Practical phases of varying
length completed during the studies.
Engineering 27
Studies: Base modules deliver the scientif-
ic, technical and mathematical principles:

mathematics, projective geometry, physics,
engineering mechanics, thermodynamics, electrical engineering and electronics,
metrology, etc., complemented by applied
modules, like aerodynamics, conception
and technical design (including Computer
Aided Design CAD), production engineering, flight mechanics, lightweight
engineering, power plant engineering,
machine dynamics, control engineering,
fluid mechanics, materials engineering,
finite element methods. Depending on the
range of studies offered, specialisation in
fields like aircraft engineering, cabins and
2.2
cabin systems. Occupational field specific

key qualifications, such as technical English, presentation techniques, operational
and work organisation, cost accounting,
management skills.
In some cases, study-integrated flight
training may also be completed at a cooperating fight school.

Aachen FH (Aachen, Jlich) Bremen HS
Gttingen FH priv. (Stade) Hamburg HAW
Mnchen HS Osnabrck FH Wildau TFH
Architecture, Urban Planning
Study Field Outline

Students of architecture are concerned
with the planning, design and execution of
residential homes, public buildings, industrial facilities (civil engineering) as well
as with complex urban development and
redevelopment projects. These responsibilities take into consideration technical,
design and economic aspects, as well as
building regulation standards and the
needs of the people living, learning, working and relaxing in these buildings and
areas. Hence, artistic design, on the one
hand, and technically mature engineering plus economic and business realisation, on the other, play an important role.
Besides ecological aspects (energy, environment) that are increasingly coming to
the fore, growing importance also attaches
to the redevelopment and renovation of

old and existing buildings and to the question of preserving historical monuments
(built heritage), such as listed buildings.
Architects often collaborate with civil
engineers, above all in the planning and
site management of complex projects.
Architects must also coordinate with
the authorities and building companies.
To determine the art and design based
aptitude of candidates, numerous institutions have established a special placement
procedure that assesses student aptitude
before admission to a degree programme.
The 3-year Bachelors programme forms
the basis for a subsequent, 2-year consecutive Masters programme which, together
with generally 2 years of professional
practical training, leads to enrolment in
28
the Register of Architects and the right to

bear the professional title of architect. In
addition, studies in architecture are also
offered in the form of an 8-semester Bachelors programme. The degree awarded in
combination with professional practical
training also meets the standards set out
in the EU architects directive.
Urban planning and development, including regional planning, addresses the
direction and management of building
and regional development projects in
residential, community and municipal
areas, including traffic and transport,
utilities, services and waste disposal, land
use regulation plus nature and landscape
conservation. To meet these responsibilities, urban developers (urban planners)
must be aware of and consider the interactions between political, social, economic
and engineering aspects. As experts, they
advise their clients and present various
potential solutions, e.g. in the form of land
Studies at Universities and Art

Colleges
3 to 6 months before or during the studies, with around half the time spent in
building or related trades and the other
half in an architectural office (planning
office).
Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises and
practical courses in projective geometry,

mapping and surveying, drawing and
designing, principles of structural theory
and design planning, building theory,
usage and development plans, conversion

and redevelopment concepts. Urban planning is generally studied as a core area
within architecture, regional planning,
civil engineering and surveying degree
programmes, or is offered in conjunction
with other disciplines. Specifically, the
following options are available: independent programmes in urban planning with a
focus on urban development; independent
programmes in regional planning with a
focus on urban development; extension
and consolidation studies in urban development as part of a degree programme in
architecture, civil engineering, surveying
(geodesy) or landscape architecture, or an
appropriate postgraduate course in these
subjects. Those wishing to work in the
field of landscape architecture can gain
the appropriate qualifications by taking a
degree programme in landscape conservation, landscape planning or landscape
architecture.
building physics, building chemistry,

building materials, cost-calculating for
building projects, building and construction information systems, history of art
and construction, facility engineering,
building regulations and law, urban planning.
Main study stage: Extension and consolidation studies in all subjects, above
all structural theory and design planning,
with the production of major design and
study projects, plus acquisition of basic
economics, social sciences and law skills.
Increasingly important extension and con-
Engineering 29
solidation subjects include regional planning and landscape planning; important

urban development areas include history
of the built environment, basic ecological
aspects, planning studies, local authority
planning, regional/state planning, preservation of historical monuments (built heritage), traffic and transport, and law.

Sciences
Practical experience/internships: Depending on the school/vocational qualifications,
students complete a pre-study internship
of several weeks, for example in an architectural/planning office and/or a construction company. Practical phases of varying
length completed during the studies.
Studies: Modules in creative design and
projection (principles, projective geometry,

architectural visualisation, drawing and
CAD), design (building theory, building
design, urban planning and development),

Aachen TH Alanus HS (Alfter)
Bamberg U Berlin TU Berlin UdK
Braunschweig TU Bremen U Cottbus TU
Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU
Dresden TU Hamburg HCU Hamburg
HfBK Hannover U Kaiserslautern TU
Karlsruhe U Kassel U Mnchen TU
Siegen U Stuttgart AkdBK Stuttgart U
Weimar U Wuppertal U
engineering (load-bearing structures,

structural engineering, structural theory,
building physics and materials science,
facility engineering, climate appropriate
building, structural damage), history and
theory (theory of architecture, history of
art and buildings, preservation of historical monuments build heritage), building
mapping and surveying, planning and
building operations (planning and building regulations law, planning management, fire safety), cultural principles (aesthetics, sociology, lifestyle and culture).
Complementary cross-disciplinary courses
and foreign languages. Great importance
attaches to practical study projects.

Aachen FH Anhalt HS (Dessau) Augsburg FH Berlin TFH Biberach HS Bielefeld FH
(Minden) Bochum HS Bremen HS Coburg HS Darmstadt HS Dortmund FH
Dresden HTW Dsseldorf FH Erfurt FH Frankfurt am Main FH Gieen-Friedberg FH
(Gieen) Heidelberg HS Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK (Hildesheim, Holzminden)
Hochschule21 (Buxtehude) Kaiserslautern FH Karlsruhe HS Koblenz FH Kln FH
Konstanz HS Lausitz FH (Cottbus) Leipzig HTWK Lippe und Hxter FH (Detmold)
Lbeck FH Mainz FH Mnchen HS Mnster FH Nrnberg HS Nrtingen HfWU
Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Oldenburg) Potsdam FH Regensburg FH
Saarland HTW Stuttgart HFT Trier FH (Trier) Wiesbaden FH Wismar HS Wrzb.Schweinf.-FH (Wrzburg) Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau) Zwickau HS (Reichenbach)
30
2.3
Automotive Engineering,
Traffic and Transport Engineering
Study Field Outline

Automotive engineering is a branch of
mechanical engineering and covers the
building and operation of vehicles with
the exception of aerospace and marine
engineering, so above all car manufacturing and rail vehicles. Key areas of general
mechanical engineering are complemented by electrical engineering, electronics,
IT/information systems and other fields in
accordance with the special demands that
the many types of passenger and commercial vehicles have to meet.
Studies at Universities and

Universities of Applied Sciences
Positioned between automotive engineering and traffic route engineering, the field
of modern traffic and transport engineering deals with cross-disciplinary questions relating to the organisation of traffic
flows and the design and dimensioning
of traffic systems for passenger and goods
transport. It studies the complex interplay
between the various transport and traffic systems (motor vehicles, aircraft, rail
vehicles and ships) and develops potential
traffic planning solutions. In view of the
ever-growing volume of traffic, the field
of applied traffic engineering is a key to
ensuring our continuing mobility.
ment, testing and control technology,

computing, fluidics, hydraulics and pneumatics, cultural and social studies.
ing on the school/vocational qualifications, students generally complete a

relevant pre-study internship of several
weeks. An internship is recommended
before starting university studies. Practical
during the studies.
Automotive engineering
Basic study stage: Lectures and practi-
cal courses in mathematics, engineering

mechanics, physics, thermodynamics,
electrical engineering/electronics, chemistry/materials science, projective geometry,
technical design, components, measure-
Main study stage: Combustion engines,
motion analysis, machine dynamics,

structural calculation, stability theory,
electronics, auxiliary machines and heat
exchangers, plus further courses as per the
chosen specialisations e.g. manufacture
and operation, computer-aided-engineering (including computer-aided technical
design, chassis engineering (simulation),
light-weight engineering, numerical mathematics), sensor technology, measurement
engineering/metrology, vehicle information systems, vehicle energy management
systems, road vehicles, special purpose
and utility vehicles, rail vehicles, bodywork/chassis engineering, motor vehicle
Engineering 31
inspection engineering, vehicle damage

and assessment, maintenance and servicing, customer services.
and systems, traffic telematics, ship and

marine engineering, aerospace engineering. Complementary exercises, excursions
and project work.
Traffic and Transport Engineering

and Technology
Basic study stage: Delivery of the mathematical, technical-methodological and
physical principles. Introduction to traffic
and transport, information technology for
engineers, materials engineering, design
theory, mechanics. Optional modules like
electrical engineering, metrology, theory
of traffic planning, economics and business administration.
Main study stage: Specialised training
based on the subjects from the basic study

stage. Depending on the range of subjects and choice of core study areas, programmes prepare students for positions
in various career fields. Typical core areas
include traffic and transport planning and
operations, traffic management planning,
passenger and goods transport, logistics
2.4
Aachen FH (Aachen, Jlich) Aachen TH

Bayreuth U Berlin FHTW Berlin TU
Bingen FH Bochum HS Braunschweig /
Wolfenbttel FH (Wolfsburg)
Braunschweig TU Chemnitz TU
Coburg HS Cottbus TU Darmstadt HS
Darmstadt TU Dortmund FH
Dresden HTW Dresden TU
Esslingen HS Frankfurt am Main FH
Freiberg TUBergAk Hamburg HAW
Hamburg UBw Heilbronn HHN
Ilmenau TU Ingolstadt FH Karlsruhe HS
Kaiserslautern TU Konstanz HS
Landshut FH Kln FH Mnchen HS
Mnchen TU (Garching, Mnchen)
Osnabrck FH Ravensburg-Weingarten HS
(Weingarten) Reutlingen HS
Stralsund FH Stuttgart U Sdwestfalen
FH (Iserlohn) Ulm HS Weingarten PH
Wildau TFH Wuppertal U Zwickau HS
Civil Engineering
Study Field Outline

Civil engineering encompasses the
planning, structural calculation and
execution of industrial structural and civil
engineering projects: urban/municipal
civil engineering (foundations, sewage
systems, water utilities, sewage plants);
urban development and traffic (roads, rail
tracks, pipelines, drains, harbours and
ports, airports); hydraulic engineering and

water management (river engineering/
flood control engineering, dams, dykes,
hydroelectric power stations, water utility
networks and sewage treatment); structural engineering projects (bridges, towers,
industrial and administrative buildings).
The structural engineering design aspect
of building is particularly important,
while studies also consider economic, eco-
32
logical, sociological and cultural aspects.

Civil engineers contribute to preserving
structural facilities and buildings. The
widespread use of computing has resulted
in a new branch, namely building and construction information systems.
University of applied sciences programmes in building physics concentrate
on the physical aspects of construction
(noise, heat, damp and fire safety, light
and solar technology, power economics,
building (structural) damage analysis).
The responsibilities of civil engineering
and architecture overlap here. Hence, civil
engineers and architects take on organisational responsibilities that extend beyond
the scope of structural engineering design
and artistic design. They supervise building sites, e.g. (site management or site
engineers), monitor the progress and quality of the building work and ensure that
Practical experience/internships: Build-
ing site internship of 2 to 4 months before

and during the studies.
Studies: Basic studies with modules in
mathematics, projective geometry, physics,
information systems/computer science,
engineering mechanics. Subject-specific
modules, like surveying, building materials, building chemistry, building physics,
structural design, structural calculation
and strength of materials science, structural engineering, geology and soil mechanics, building site operations and building
building activities proceed efficiently. This

is why a knowledge of building regulations
and law plus business administration and
management, as well as the ability to lead
and supervise people are important. In
certain circumstances, a knowledge of foreign languages is advantageous, especially
English, since Germanys universities are
increasingly establishing international
and European degree programmes in civil
engineering which specifically prepare students for assignments abroad.
Practical experience through practical
semesters or subject-relevant vacation jobs
is particularly important in respect of a
students later career entry.
Facility management programmes train
specialists for tasks at the interface
between building and real estate management (see Utility Engineering, Facility
Engineering).
management, traffic and transport, water

engineering and management, community
and urban water management, numerical
methods, CAD, construction machinery and machine engineering, building
and construction law. Depending on the
institution in question, opportunities for
specialising in areas like building site
operations and building site management,
structural engineering (concrete, steel,
wood), traffic, transport and infrastructure,
geoengineering and water management/
hydraulic engineering, environmental
engineering, foundation engineering. Typical cross-disciplinary modules on working methods, foreign languages, business
Engineering 33
management, presentation techniques, or

a cross-disciplinary project.
Studies may be divided into a basic and a

main study stage.

Aachen TH Bamberg U Berlin TU Bochum U Braunschweig TU Cottbus TU
Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Hamburg HCU
Hamburg-Harburg TU Hannover U Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U Kassel U Lneburg U
(Suderburg) Mnchen TU Mnchen UBw Mnster U Siegen U Stuttgart U
Weimar U Wuppertal U

Sciences
nection with professional work experience

projects. Complementary modules in law,
languages, social aspects, arts and culture.
ing on their school/vocational qualifications, students generally complete a

example on building sites or in construction companies. Practical phases of varying
length are completed during the studies.
Studies: Modules on mathematical, scien-
tific and engineering principles, similar to

university studies. Subject-specific modules on engineering mechanics, structural
analysis, building materials and building
chemistry, building design, technical
visualisation, building physics, engineering geology, surveying, photogrammetry,
preservation of buildings, quality assurance, building and real estate management, project management. Specialisation options in core areas like building
management, construction management,
structural engineering, traffic, transport
and infrastructure, water management
and environmental engineering, building redevelopment and redevelopment,
disposal site engineering often in con-

main study stage.

Aachen FH Augsburg FH Berlin FHTW
Berlin FHW Berlin TFH Biberach HS
Bielefeld FH (Minden) Bochum HS
Bremen HS Coburg HS Darmstadt HS
Deggendorf FH Dresden HTW Erfurt FH
Frankfurt am Main FH Gieen-Friedberg FH
(Gieen) Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen
HAWK (Hildesheim, Holzminden) Hochschule21 (Buxtehude) Kaiserslautern FH
Karlsruhe HS Koblenz FH Kln FH
Konstanz HS Lausitz FH (Cottbus)
Leipzig HTWK Lippe und Hxter FH
(Detmold) Lbeck FH Magdeburg-Stendal
FH (Magdeburg) Mainz FH Mnchen HS
Mnster FH Neubrandenburg HS
Nrnberg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /
Wilhelmshaven FH (Oldenburg) Potsdam FH
Regensburg FH Saarland HTW Stuttgart HFT Trier FH (Trier) Wiesbaden FH
Wismar HS Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH
(Wrzburg) Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)
34
2.5
Electrical Engineering and

Information Technology
Study Field Outline

Electrical engineering makes the whole
range of electrical and electromagnetic
forms and laws available for technical
applications. Today, the field is substantially shaped by the advances made in
information and communications technology (ICT) and by microelectronics. Following the various requirements of practice
and application, several study areas have
developed. The most important of these
are: electrical power engineering, information and communications technology
(communications engineering), (micro)
electronics, automation engineering, and
general electrical engineering, whereby
the latter contains study areas from the
above-mentioned areas in the sense of a
broad-based training.
Electrical power engineering encompasses
the generation, transmission, distribution
and application of electrical energy. This
includes disciplines like electrical mechanical engineering, electric heat, high-voltage
engineering, power supply and performance
electronics. Renewable energies (sun, wind,
biomass) are meeting with growing interest.
Information and communications technology (communications engineering) deals
with the transmission, communication
and processing of messages (information)
using wireless or landline technology. Key
branches include digital signal processing, electrical and optical communications
technology, high frequency engineering
and communications networks. Due to the

great significance of digital communications technology (digital engineering), the
use of computers and programmable processes plays a predominant role in this field.
Automation engineering deals with the
development and application of procedures for controlling technical processes,
including the development of the requisite
hardware and software for these processes.
Automation tasks plus instrumentation
and control problems require, among other
aspects, the application of systems theory
and control technology methods, measurement technology/metrology, process computer and communications technology.
(Micro)electronics is of great significance
for all three fields. With its development
of electronic circuits, semiconductor elements and highly-complex integrated
circuits, it forms the basis for the commercial and technical expansion of the abovementioned fields. This study area treats
both the physical-technical principles of
electronic components as well as their
systems-specific, i.e. applications focused
aspects. Computer-aided design methods
and simulation techniques play a major
role, along with technological aspects.
Light is used to gain and transmit information, and to reproduce it on monitors
and displays. Occupational fields for
optoelectronic engineers include, inter
alia, laser engineering, image processing,
optical communications engineering and
Engineering 35
Key base subjects for studying electrical

engineering include mathematics, physics
and applied computer science/information
systems, whereby mathematics is more
important here than in other engineering
disciplines. Mechanics, materials sciences, engineering thermodynamics are
important complementary subjects. Yet,
business administration principles and
management methods are also studied. In
the advanced stages, systems theory plays
an important role, since it deals with modelling (simulation), analysing and optimising the complex information, power
engineering and automation systems. A
wide range of specialisation options are
available that are not given closer treatment here. The following are closely
related to electrical engineering: mechanical engineering, particularly precision
engineering, mechatronics and computer
science. Since the various branches are so
closely linked, students should avoid very
early specialisation. However, early experience with applications, e.g. in internships,
helps facilitate the later career entry.
Main study stage: Besides consolidation
optical sensors used in industry, traffic

and transport engineering and in medical
engineering and technology.
Practical experience/internships: Gener-
ally, a 26-week industrial internship to be

divided equally between the basic and the
main study stage; an internship is recommended before studies begin.
practical courses in electrical engineering,

applied computer science/information systems, mathematics, physics as well as university-specific, complementary subjects,
such as mechanics, electrical engineering
materials, components, systems theory, and
the principles of business administration.
and extension courses in information and

communications technology (ICT), electrical power/energy engineering, automation
engineering, microelectronics and general electrical engineering, focuses, e.g.
on wireless engineering / mobile phone
technology, optical communications technology, telecommunications networks,
micro and nanoengineering, multimedia
systems, medical engineering and technology, traffic management technology,
electrically-driven vehicles, renewable
energies, etc.

Aachen TH Bayreuth U Berlin TU Bochum U Braunschweig TU Bremen Jacobs
University Bremen U Chemnitz TU Clausthal TU Cottbus TU Darmstadt TU
Detmold HfM Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) Dsseldorf HfM
Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Hagen FernU Hamburg UBw Hamburg-Harburg TU
Hannover U Ilmenau TU Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel U
Magdeburg U Mnchen TU Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg) Mnster U Paderborn U
Rostock U Saarbrcken U Siegen U Stuttgart U Ulm U Wuppertal U
36

Sciences
ing on their school/vocational qualifications, students complete a pre-study

internship of several weeks in a crafts
trade or an industrial electrical company.
Practical phases of differing length are
completed during the studies.
Studies: At the start of the studies, mod-
ules like mathematics, technical physics,

principles of electrical engineering/electronics, CAD methods, computer science/
information systems, measurement engineering/metrology, materials and components provide students with a knowledge
of the engineering principles. This is

subsequently extended and consolidated
by taking modules like telecommunications, signal processing, power electronics,
microprocessor engineering, electrical
drives, control engineering, simulation
engineering, analogue and digital switches. Depending on the institution in question, choice of core study areas, like electrical power engineering, communications
engineering, electronics, high frequency
engineering, measurement and automatic
control technology (automation engineering), technical information systems. Complementary modules in key qualifications,
like technical English, work organisation/
job planning, quality assurance, business
management.

Aachen FH (Aachen, Jlich) Aalen HS Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Albstadt) Amberg-Weiden
FH (Amberg) Anhalt HS (Kthen) Aschaffenburg FH Augsburg FH Berlin bbw
Berlin FHTW Berlin TFH Biberach HS Bielefeld FH Bingen FH Bochum HS
Bochum TFH Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Sankt Augustin) Brandenburg FH Braunschweig /
Wolfenbttel FH (Wolfenbttel) Bremen HS Coburg HS Darmstadt FernHS (Darmstadt,
Pfungstadt) Darmstadt HS Deggendorf FH Dortmund FH Dresden HTW
Dsseldorf FH Essen FOM (Essen) Esslingen HS (Esslingen, Gppingen) Flensburg FH
Frankfurt am Main FH Fulda HS Furtwangen HS Gelsenkirchen FH (Bocholt, Gelsenkirchen)
Gieen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg, Gieen, Wetzlar) Hamburg HAW Hannover FH
Heidelberg HS Heilbronn HHN (Heilbronn, Knzelsau) Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen
HAWK (Gttingen) Hof FH Ingolstadt FH Jena FH Kaiserslautern FH Karlsruhe HS
Kempten FH Kiel FH Koblenz FH Kln FH (Gummersbach, Kln) Kln RheinFH
Konstanz HS Landshut FH Lausitz FH (Senftenberg) Leipzig HfTL Leipzig HTWK Lippe
und Hxter FH (Lemgo) Lbeck FH Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) Mannheim HS
Merseburg FH Mittweida HS Mnchen HS Mnster FH (Steinfurt) Niederrhein HS
(Krefeld) Nordhausen FH Nrnberg HS Offenburg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /
Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden, Wilhelmshaven) Osnabrck FH Pforzheim HS RavensburgWeingarten HS (Weingarten) Regensburg FH Rosenheim FH Saarland HTW
Schmalkalden FH Stralsund FH Sdwestfalen FH (Hagen, Iserlohn, Meschede, Soest) Trier
FH (Trier) Ulm HS Vechta/Diepholz FHWT (Oldenburg) Westkste FHW (Heide)
Wiesbaden FH (Rsselsheim) Wismar HS Worms FH Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Schweinfurt)
Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau) Zwickau HS
Engineering 37
2.6
Environmental Protection, Ecology,

Waste Disposal Technology
Study Field Outline

An understanding and acceptance of the
necessity for ecological modernisation
in business and industry and of the need
to contribute to protecting the natural
resources strengthens the demand for
environment-related degree programmes
and subject areas. The range of studies
has been noticeably extended by establishing and refocusing environment-related
subjects at numerous higher education
institutions. They are responsible for planning and designing measures to conserve
resources and prevent damage to the
environment as far as possible. Environmental protection-related course contents
are found in many programmes today,
for example, in mechanical engineering,
chemistry and physics. Hence, it is not
always easy to distinguish between environment-related and conventional degree
programmes. The lack of uniformity in
the use of terminology makes it difficult
to navigate around the range of studies
on offer. Essentially, environment-related
study opportunities can be classified in
four main orientations:
Scientific-analytical orientation
This focuses primarily on understanding
the processes taking place in the environment and nature, and the relevant
methods and insights. Such programmes
build on the foundation of a scientific
basic study stage (mathematics, physics,
chemistry, biology) and then offer vari-
ous specialisations. Examples include the

special degree programmes in geoecology
and ecology (scientific nature conservation) offered as an element of biology programmes. In geoecology, scientific interest
above all focuses on the atmosphere and
soils as essential components of an ecosystem. Cross-disciplinary training (including
biogeography, soil physics, geomorphology, hydrology, geochemistry) improve
the understanding of the wide-ranging
areas of interaction. This allows a more
specifically-targeted approach to be taken
to reducing environmental pollution, facilitating the environmentally-compatible
management of ecosystems. The same is
true of the applied systems sciences programme in which socio-economic topics
are also considered and in which the focus
is on creating and applying mathematical
models.
Pedological-crop farming orientation

Such programmes have evolved from the
area of agricultural and forestry studies.
Their profile is shaped by the applied natural sciences and is partly determined by
agricultural and forestry production processes and their relevance to the environment and nature. Examples include study
areas like agroecology, farming and environment offered under these or similar
names at farming and agriculture faculties
and departments.
38
Planning and design orientation

This unites scientific, socio-economic and
design subjects. Examples include degree
programmes in landscape conservation,
land use and nature conservation, regional
development and nature conservation,
landscape ecology, and landscape architecture.
Engineering-technical orientation
This generally means an engineering programme (in most cases civil engineering
or mechanical engineering/process engineering) focused on air pollution control
measures, noise mitigation, waste disposal
and water pollution control measures.
But self-contained degree programmes in
environmental protection/environment
technology are also offered, e.g. with
a focus on human habitats, renewable
resources, soil protection, air pollution
Practical experience/internships: Require-
ments differ from one university to the

next.
control measures, waste disposal technology, waste handling technology, recycling

technology, water and sewage treatment
technology, waste disposal management.
Public health technology is a related area.
Industrial engineering additionally offers
programmes with a focus on environmental protection.
In addition, a wide range of postgraduate and complementary programmes are
offered with environmental contents.
Moreover, special courses on environmental topics can be found as part of a
wide range of other degree programmes,
including economics, social sciences and
law.
Since almost all higher education institutions offer programmes in environmental
protection, only the self-contained, full
degree programmes are listed here.
Studies: Individual course contents are

weighted differently, depending on the
specific course orientation, from scientifictechnical subjects via economics and law
through to social sciences.

Aachen TH Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin TU Bielefeld U Bochum U Braunschweig TU
Clausthal TU Cottbus TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg, Essen) Flensburg U
Freiberg TUBergAk Freiburg U Gieen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg UBw Hamburg-Harburg TU Hohenheim U (Stuttgart) Jena U Kaiserslautern TU
Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U Magdeburg U Mnchen TU
(Freising, Mnchen) Mnster U Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Rostock U Stuttgart U
Trier U Tbingen U Wuppertal U Zittau IHI
Engineering 39

Sciences
Practical experience/internships: Depending on their previous school/vocational
qualifications, pre-study internships of
several weeks are required. Practical phases of varying length are completed during
the studies.
Studies: The curriculum largely contains

subjects from applied natural sciences
and technology, e.g. process engineering,
environmental analysis, environmentallycompatible power generating technology,
environmentally-compatible production
technologies, engineering thermodynamics, engineering fluid mechanics, environmental law.

Amberg-Weiden FH (Amberg) Anhalt HS (Bernburg) Ansbach FH Augsburg FH
Berlin FHTW Berlin FHW Berlin TFH Bingen FH Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH
(Wolfenbttel) Bremen HS Bremerhaven H Dresden HTW Dsseldorf FH
Eberswalde FH Esslingen HS Flensburg FH Frankfurt am Main FH Gelsenkirchen FH
(Gelsenkirchen) Gieen-Friedberg FH (Gieen) Hamburg HAW Hannover FH
Heilbronn HHN Jena FH Kln FH Konstanz HS Leipzig HTWK Lippe und Hxter FH
(Hxter) Lbeck FH Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) Merseburg FH Mnchen HS
Mnster FH (Steinfurt) Neubrandenburg HS Nordhausen FH Nrtingen HfWU
Offenburg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden) Osnabrck FH
Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Rottenburg HS Stuttgart HFT Trier FH
(Birkenfeld) Ulm HS Weihenstephan FH (Triesdorf) Wiesbaden FH (Rsselsheim)
Wismar HS Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau) Zwickau HS
2.7
Food Technology
Study Field Outline

The availability of high-quality, safe foods
is an essential basic requirement for society. However, foods additionally have to
meet special nutritional needs (e.g. baby
and infant food, dietetic foods) plus individual consumer expectations. The quality
standards of the future will reach new
dimensions, above all in terms of health,
prevention and functionality. Thus, foods
must be viewed holistically, from the
biogenesis of the ingredients through to
questions of nutritional physiology, in

order to design and develop the treatment
and processing technology in such a way
that its impact on each substance is as
conservational as possible.
Hence, food technology or food processing engineering combines a basic knowledge of the natural sciences with food
specific, nutrition-physiological, technical,
ecological and business management
knowledge. Complementary courses cover
engineering topics, like process engineer-
40
ing, mechanical engineering, apparatus

engineering, process automation and
biotechnology, and physical, chemical,
microbiological and modern molecular
biological analysis methods used in quality control. Alcoholic and non-alcoholic
beverages can be studied as a major in
food technology programmes, but also
as an independent degree programme in
brewing and beverage technology leading
to a Diplom degree in brewing (DiplomBraumeister/in).
Some universities offer food technology
or food processing engineering, food engineering as part of their process engineering, bioengineering or chemical engineer-
Practical experience/internships: 3 to 6
months of relevant subject-related work
experience, partly completed before the
commencement of studies; internships
abroad are funded.
Basic study stage: Principles of science
and technology through lectures, exercises and practical courses on mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, process
engineering, food chemistry, microbiology, physiology of food, fluid mechanics,
thermodynamics, electrical engineering,
mechanical and apparatus engineering,
plus business administration.
ing programmes. Studies then focus more

on the principles of the natural sciences
and engineering and less on delivering
a knowledge of specific food substances.
Moreover, and depending on the institution, teaching or even whole programmes
are also offered in pharmaceutical engineering and in the technology of cosmetics
and detergents.
Universities of applied sciences all offer
independent degree programmes. Specialisation in the field of food management,
milk and dairy management, livestock and
meat management or viniculture/viticulture/oenology is possible within farming
and agricultural sciences programmes.
engineering, biotechnology, molecular

biology, process automation, sensor engineering, hygiene technology, cleansing
and disinfection, environmental engineering, marketing, dairy and milk technology,
technology of animal-based foods, cereal
technology, fruit and vegetable technology,
sugar technology, oil and fat technology,
fermentation technology, packaging engineering, etc.

Berlin TU Dresden TU Gieen U
(Geisenheim) Hohenheim U (Stuttgart)
Main study stage: Extension of the engi-
neering, food chemistry and biological

subjects complemented by seminars, elective and optional subjects like food process
Engineering 41

Sciences
a pre-study internship of several weeks
is generally required in the fields of food
processing, food research and food marketing. Practical phases of varying length
are completed during the studies.
Studies: Initially, modules deliver a knowl-
edge of the basic scientific and engineering principles, including mathematics,

computer science/information systems,
physics, chemical principles, animal and
plant raw resources (livestock/crops), thermodynamics, industrial hygiene; complementary courses include food law, sensor
engineering, quality management, business management, plus cross-disciplinary
subjects like technical English, presentation techniques. As studies progress,
modules offered in areas like the princi-
2.8
ples of biochemistry and nutrition, food

chemistry, microbiology, food analysis,
preservation and packaging technology,
environmental engineering, instrument
and control engineering, plus non-technical, cross-disciplinary modules (food law,
foreign languages, business administration, specialist information systems, etc.).
Applied project with thesis.
Depending on the institution in question,
the formal division between basic and
main study stage may no longer apply.

Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Sigmaringen)
Anhalt HS (Bernburg, Kthen) Berlin TFH
Bremerhaven H Fulda HS Hamburg HAW
Hannover FH Lippe und Hxter FH
(Detmold, Lemgo) Neubrandenburg HS
Osnabrck FH Trier FH (Trier)
Weihenstephan FH (Freising) Wiesbaden
FH (Geisenheim)
Public Health Engineering, Medical Technology

and Engineering
Study Field Outline

The increasing use of technology in medicine for diagnosis and therapy and the
significance of the environment in public
health care call for intensive collaboration
between doctors and specially-qualified
engineers. Subject areas include biomedical engineering, medical engineering and
technology (medical apparatus engineering), dental technology, hearing aid tech-
nology and audiology, medical physics,

hospital operations engineering, as well as
environmental and hygiene engineering.
Studies are mainly offered by universities
of applied sciences. Degree programmes
extend from research and development
on processes and equipment for quick
and precise diagnosis and conservative
therapies by analysing, modelling and
simulating living systems and subsystems
through to developing biomaterials and
42
organ replacements. Biomedical engineers

draw up solutions to meet the requirements of everyday medical practice and
turn these into industrial products. Examples include novel imaging methods such
as Positron Emission Tomography (PET),
virtual simulators for training doctors,

laser therapy in ophthalmology, neurotechnical implants, developing biocompatible materials or endoscopic operating
techniques.

rehabilitation engineering, audiology/

hearing acoustics, ophthalmic optics, biocompatible materials, cardiotechnology,
digital image and signal processing, robotic systems, environmental and hygiene
engineering, medical safety engineering,
quality management, plus subjects from
the economic, management and social sector, internships and projects.
Practical experience/internships: Depending on the school/vocational qualifications, a pre-study internship of several

weeks is generally required. Practical
during the studies.
Studies: Initially, students take modules
that deliver the scientific and engineering principles in mathematics, physics,

anatomy, physiology, computer science/
information systems, materials engineering, engineering mechanics, production
engineering; students also gain a basic
knowledge of business management
plus foreign languages. Depending on
the content focus, students subsequently
take modules to extend and consolidate
their knowledge in areas like biomechanics, medical microsystems engineering,
instrument and control engineering,
electrical engineering, medical apparatus
engineering, biotelemetrics, light-weight
engineering, technical orthopaedics and

Aachen FH (Jlich) Aalen HS AlbstadtSigmaringen HS (Sigmaringen) Anhalt HS
(Kthen) Bremerhaven H
Furtwangen HS (Villingen-Schwenningen)
Gelsenkirchen FH (Gelsenkirchen) GieenFriedberg FH (Gieen) Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg HAW Hamburg-Harburg TU
Ilmenau TU Jena FH Koblenz FH
(Remagen) Lausitz FH (Senftenberg)
Lbeck FH Mnchen TU (Garching)
Mnster FH (Steinfurt) Oldenburg /
Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Oldenburg,
Wilhelmshaven) Oldenburg U
Osnabrck FH Saarland HTW
Stralsund FH Ulm HS
Engineering 43
2.9
Industrial Engineering
Study Field Outline

To be able to integrate the various requirements and to optimise the processes in
the interaction between industry and
engineering, companies and, in some
cases, administrations and authorities
need experts who have a profound technical knowledge and a training in business
administration and, possibly, also in social
and economic aspects.
Studies in industrial engineering may be
completed in various formats. For example, engineering and more rarely science
or computer science may be studied
3 months each spent in fields of technical

and commercial practice to be completed
before or during the studies.
Studies: The basic study stage covers
the principles of mathematics, science

and engineering relevant to the selected
engineering focus, and essential areas of
economics and business administration
(operational research), law and statistics,
data processing and computer science/
information systems. The main study
stage offers extension and consolidation in
both main areas.
simultaneously with economics and business administration. Opportunities for

specialisation exist, e.g. in civil engineering, electrical engineering and information technology, mechanical engineering,
biotechnology, logistics, and in product
management. After graduating, generally
from an engineering programme, students
can also take postgraduate or complementary studies that include economic and in
some cases further technical subjects. Following up an economics-orientated programme with an engineering-orientated
postgraduate programme is also possible
in individual cases.

Aachen TH Berlin TU Bochum U
Braunschweig TU Bremen U
Chemnitz TU Clausthal TU Cottbus TU
Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU
Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg)
Erlangen-Nrnberg U Freiberg TUBergAk
Hamburg UBw Hamburg-Harburg TU
Hannover U Ilmenau TU
Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U
Kassel U Kiel U Lneburg U
Magdeburg U Paderborn U Siegen U
Stuttgart U Zittau IHI
44

Sciences
ing on the school/vocational qualifications,

a pre-study internship of several weeks is
generally required in the commercial or
technical field. Practical phases of varying
Studies: Modules on the technical/
engineering, mathematical-scientific,
economic and legal principles. Depending
on the engineering subject in question
(e.g. mechanical engineering, electrical
engineering, civil engineering, engineering chemistry, traffic and transport,

information and communication systems
ICT), students consolidate their subjectrelated knowledge. Students also take
economics modules like accounting and
auditing, theory of organisation, ergonomics, industrial/corporate statistics, finance
and accounting, operational research, procurement and marketing/sales management, production management, industrial
mathematics, project and quality management, plus special areas of law, foreign
languages, forming spin-offs/company
start-ups.

Aachen FH Aalen HS Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Albstadt, Sigmaringen) Amberg-Weiden FH
(Weiden) Anhalt HS (Dessau, Kthen) Ansbach FH Aschaffenburg FH Berlin bbw
Berlin FHTW Berlin FHW Berlin TFH Bingen FH Bochum HS Bochum TFH
Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Salzgitter, Wolfsburg) Bremen HS Chemnitz FernFH
Coburg HS Darmstadt HS Deggendorf FH Dresden HTW Erding FHAM Erfurt FH
Esslingen HS Fulda HS Gelsenkirchen FH (Bocholt, Gelsenkirchen, Recklinghausen)
Gieen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg, Gieen, Wetzlar) Hamburg HAW Hamburg HFH Hamm FH
Hannover FH Harz HS (Wernigerode) Heidelberg HS Heilbronn HHN (Heilbronn, Knzelsau)
Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK (Gttingen, Holzminden) Hochschule21 (Buxtehude)
Hof FH Ingolstadt FH Jena FH Kaiserslautern FH (Kaiserslautern, Pirmasens, Zweibrcken)
Karlsruhe HS Kempten FH Kiel FH Kln FH (Gummersbach) Kln RheinFH Konstanz HS
Landshut FH Lausitz FH (Senftenberg) Leipzig HTWK Lippe und Hxter FH (Detmold)
Lbeck FH Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) Mannheim HS Merseburg FH
Mittweida HS Mnchen HS Mnster FH (Steinfurt) Neu-Ulm FH Niederrhein HS (Krefeld)
Nordakademie FH (Elmshorn) Nordhausen FH Offenburg HS (Gengenbach) Oldenburg /
Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden, Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven) Osnabrck FH (Lingen/
Ems, Osnabrck) Pforzheim HS Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Reutlingen HS
Rosenheim FH Saarland HTW Schmalkalden FH Stralsund FH Stuttgart AKAD Stuttgart
HdM Sdwestfalen FH (Hagen, Meschede) Trier FH (Birkenfeld, Trier) Ulm HS Vechta/
Diepholz FHWT (Diepholz) Wedel FH Westkste FHW (Heide) Wiesbaden FH (Rsselsheim)
Wildau TFH Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Schweinfurt) Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau) Zwickau HS
Engineering 45
2.10 Materials Sciences, Materials Engineering,

Building Materials, Paper Engineering
Study Field Outline
Materials have been decisive to the development of human civilisation since its
very beginnings through to the present
day. This is why the periods of prehistory and early history were named after
their characteristic materials: Stone Age,
Bronze Age, Iron Age.
The availability of modern materials is
today one of the key industries, since
without the appropriate materials it will
hardly be possible to bring new technologies into practical application. A driving
force in the development of materials
is provided by the call for improved
functionality along with reduced weight
and volume and resource-conserving
production methods. Hence, tailor-made
materials are revolutionising the fields
of lightweight engineering and construction, are reducing energy consumption,
are biocompatible, recyclable and react
intelligently to changing operating conditions. Modern technology has a wealth of
materials at its disposal, of which the key
groups are metals, like ferrous and nonferrous metals, semi-conductors, nonmetallic-inorganic materials, like ceramic
materials, glasses and inorganic bonding
agents, plus organic materials, like plastics and rubber. The composite materials
which are gaining greatly in significance
are made up of a stable mixture of (at least
two) of the above-mentioned materials
groups.
A completely new key technology is also

to be found in the field of materials engineering: Nano(structure) engineering.
Nannos means dwarf. Hence, the name
already refers to a world that offers space
for just a millionth of a metre (nanometre). Thus, materials are already being
manipulated and reassembled at atomic
or molecular level. Specifically-targeted
nanostructure designs make it possible
to equip materials with optimised properties for a wide range of technologies.
For example, surfaces can be given an
extremely smooth surface. Adhesives can
be produced by applying a coating to permanently bond materials together, or by
producing optics that can provide protection against dangerous rays.
The study of materials sciences calls for
an interest in mathematics, science and
engineering. The training of a materials
engineer also delivers the interrelations
between raw materials, production/process engineering, material structure/properties, and applications. Studies deliver a
knowledge of the physical and chemical
principles of material properties and of
their importance for technical applications. Physics and chemistry, process
engineering, mechanical engineering,
electrical engineering, energy and power
engineering, plus metallurgy provide the
framework for the studies.
Materials engineering deals with the
engineering aspects of the production,
46
structure, application and technological

(manufacturing-specific) properties of
known materials and their continuing
development and adaptation to new applications.
Materials science examines the structural
formation of materials (metals, polymers, glasses/ceramics, semiconductors,
composites) and the resulting technical
properties that allow technical materials to
be produced with new or improved properties, including the development of completely new production processes.
Metals science is concerned with researching, developing and applying metals from
scientific and engineering perspectives.
The field deals with pure metals, like
aluminium, with alloys such as steel and
frequently also with metal-like materials
and with composites made of metals and
non-metals. It also addresses measures to
refine and process materials and to protect
material parts by improving the surface
finish (corrosion-proofing).
The shared starting point for glass materials (sheet glass, hollow glass, special
glass), ceramics (high-performance ceramics like piezoceramics, silicate ceramics like porcelain) and bonding agents
(cement, lime, plaster) is formed by

non-metal, inorganic raw materials. Their
respective production, processing and
application has thus developed in a wide
range of directions as a consequence of
the very special requirements that the electrical industry, for example, demands from
ceramic materials, or the optical industry
requires from special glasses.
Foundry engineering deals with the
processing of solid materials via a molten
phase to produce highly-developed castings of every shape and size. Moulding
materials and moulding processes are also
of significance here.
Plastics technology deals with the production, processing and application of plastics
(i.e. man-made or synthetic materials)
including India Rubber, the raw material
for rubber and the relevant machines and
equipment. The production-orientated
programme has a closer mechanical engineering focus.
Paper technology covers the fields of cellulose and paper manufacturing plus paper
processing and the production of packing
materials, involving the monitoring and
control of complex chemical-physical processes.
theory, engineering mechanics, and general materials sciences.
Materials Sciences
Main study stage: Theoretical, experiBasic study stage: Mathematics, physics,
chemistry, physical chemistry, theory of

crystal(line) structures, structural design
mental and technological aspects of the

individual material groups, computing,
business administration, patent law plus
Engineering 47
consolidation subjects in the chosen

specialisation, such as general material
sciences, material science and technology
of metals, glass and ceramics, corrosion
and surface engineering, plastics, artificial
and synthetic materials and rubber, paper,
electrical engineering materials, modelling
and simulation.
Students specialising in rocks and earth
focus on process engineering and metallurgy subjects, with core study areas in
solid building materials, bonding agents,
and again ceramics, glass, enamels, refractory building materials.
Students in the materials science programme can extend and consolidate their
studies by acquiring chemical and crystallographic knowledge.
Metals Science
Basic study stage: Mathematics, physics,
Main study stage (variously weighted,

depending on the major): Metals science,
metals physics, material testing, texture

and structure studies, corrosion, special
materials, metallurgy, casting methods,
moulding and ductility methods, processing and application of materials, business
and management.

Aachen TH Augsburg U Bayreuth U
Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin TU
Bielefeld U Bremen Jacobs University
Bremen U Clausthal TU Darmstadt TU
Dortmund TU Dresden TU DuisburgEssen U (Duisburg) Erlangen-Nrnberg U
(Erlangen) Freiberg TUBergAk
Gieen U Halle-Wittenberg U HamburgHarburg TU Ilmenau TU Jena U
Kaiserslautern TU Kassel U Kiel U
Leipzig U Mnchen TU (Garching,
Mnchen) Osnabrck U Saarbrcken U
Stuttgart U Weimar U Wrzburg U
chemistry, physical chemistry, crystallography, materials sciences and, in some

cases, mechanical engineering and electrical engineering.

Sciences
Materials Engineering
Basic study stage: Mathematics, phy-

during the studies.
sics, chemistry, physical chemistry, materials studies, materials testing, metals

science, mechanics, science of material
strength, electrical engineering, technical design theory, plus general education
subjects.
48
Main study stage: Lectures and practical courses in the following areas: Metals
science, metallography, materials testing,
solid-state physics, fracture mechanics,
corrosion, welding technology, plastics
chemistry and plastics technology; glass,
ceramics and special materials; plus law,
business management, and other optional
subjects; choice of extension and consolidation subjects in selected fields.
ment, material recycling, quality assurance.
Surface Technology
ing: Chemistry of paper and cellulose

production, analytical chemistry, materials testing and measurement engineering
(metrology), power generating and powered processing machines, paper testing
and paper finishing/refinement, disposal,
computing and industrial organisation.
Basic study stage: As for materials engi-
neering.
Main study stage: Corrosion and anticorrosion measures, electrochemistry,
galvanising and electroplating technology,
enamelling and coating technology, operational and process engineering, surface
technology, sewage and effluent engineering and technology.
Ceramics, Glass
Basic study stage: Broad range of basic
training in mathematics, physics and inorganic respectively physical chemistry, plus
mineralogy, crystallography, ceramics,
ceramic calculus, principles of engineering (mechanics, electrical engineering,
engineering thermodynamics), plus foreign languages.
Main study stage: Materials science,
mechanical and thermal process engineering, instrument and control engineering,
glass and glazes, industrial design, silicate fine ceramics, construction ceramics, structural and functional ceramics,
refractory products plus business manage-
Paper Technology
engineering mechanics, technical drawing, electrical engineering and chemistry.

Main study stage (divided into two core
study areas): Paper production engineer-
Paper processing engineering: Electrical

engineering, analytical chemistry, plastics
chemistry, methods of processing paper
and cardboard, materials testing and measurement engineering (metrology), paper
finishing/refinement, plastics processing,
adhesion technology, packaging technology and business management subjects.
Metals Science
Basic study stage: Basic subjects like
mathematics, physics, chemistry, thermodynamics, materials science, materials
testing, mechanics, material strength,
electrical engineering, production engineering.
Main study stage: Metals science, met-
allography, materials testing, physical

chemistry, solid-state physics, corrosion,
welding technology and special materials,
business management.
Engineering 49
Plastics Technology
Basic study stage: Mathematics, phys-
ics, chemistry and plastics chemistry

as a mathematical-scientific basis, plus
machine theory, engineering mechanics,
science of material strength, technical
design theory, electrical engineering, process engineering, materials engineering
and plastics processing technology, programming and computing, business management, plus general education subjects.
Main study stage: Materials and plastics
testing, structure, properties and chemistry of polymer materials, modelling polymer properties, plastics recycling, compound materials, rheology, electronics,
instrument, measurement and automatic
control engineering, computing and CAD,
power and drive engineering, plastics
processing and machine tool engineering,

process automation, engineering calculus,
design and technical design theory, option
to extend and consolidate their studies in
individual fields.

Aachen FH (Aachen, Jlich) Aalen HS
Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Rheinbach)
Darmstadt HS (Darmstadt, Dieburg)
Frankfurt am Main FH Gelsenkirchen FH
(Recklinghausen) Gieen-Friedberg FH
(Friedberg) Gttingen FH priv. (Gttingen,
Stade) Hof FH Jena FH Kaiserslautern
FH (Pirmasens) Koblenz FH (HhrGrenzhausen) Mnchen HS Mnster FH
(Steinfurt) Nrnberg HS Osnabrck FH
Reutlingen HS Rosenheim FH
Sdwestfalen FH (Iserlohn) Wrzb.Schweinf.-FH (Wrzburg) Zwickau HS
2.11 Mechanical Engineering

Study Field Outline
Mechanical engineering and plant engineering account for Germanys largest
branch of industry, consequently making
it a decisive driving force for technical
progress. Hence, the branch is one of the
countrys most important engineering
disciplines. Mechanical engineering not
only deals with machines in the narrower
sense, such as heat engines and thermally-driven machines, machine tools, production and processing machines, automatic machines, and robots, as well as
vehicles of all kinds, traffic and transport
engineering, utilities engineering, process

engineering (plant engineering), nuclear
and reactor engineering, production and
safety engineering as well as precision
engineering products (electrical and electronic devices of all kinds). Automation of
the production processes and the growing
significance of information technologies
play an ever greater role in all fields, as
does the field of mechatronics as a multidisciplinary field built on the foundations
of mechanical engineering, electrical
engineering and computer science/information systems. This not only means
making intelligent use of machines and
50
systems, but also and increasingly of

ensuring the environmentally-compatible
use of technology and engineering and of
conserving resources through responsible
action.
The diversity of the fields has resulted
in a strong subdivision of subject areas
within mechanical engineering. For more
information, see degree programmes in
print and media engineering and technology, automotive engineering plus traffic
and transport engineering, precision and
micro engineering, aerospace engineering, mechatronics, production engineering, materials sciences and engineering,
Practical experience/internship: Depend-
ing on the school/vocational qualifications, a pre-study internship of between 6

and 8 weeks with relevant practical work
experience is generally required. 6 to 14
weeks of practical experience (industrial
internship) are required during the studies.
Studies: Modules initially deliver the
scientific, technical and methodological

principles. Typical subjects include mathematics, engineering materials science
and testing, technical design theory, CAD,
measurement engineering/metrology,
thermodynamics, production, processing and process engineering, theory of
electricity, technical information systems,
experimental physics, work and operational organisation/job planning.
materials engineering, building materials,

paper engineering.
There are also a number of method and
task-orientated subject areas, such as
general mechanical engineering, mechanics, structural engineering. The study of
technical and economic contents is mainly
provided by industrial engineering programmes, with specialisation in mechanical engineering. The basic study stage
in mechanical engineering programmes
conveys the principles of mathematics, science and engineering in the various areas.
Students only begin to specialise in the
advanced stages of their studies.
Students then consolidate and extend their

knowledge of the principles and (depending on the courses that are offered) chose
a consolidation area, such as general
mechanical engineering, technical design
engineering, production and manufacturing engineering, product development,
energy, power and process engineering, combustion engines, heat/thermal,
power propulsion engineering, materialshandling engineering, machine tools, jet
engines, turbines and flight propulsion
systems, earth-moving and agricultural
machines, materials flow engineering,
transport and traffic engineering, aerospace engineering, plastics engineering.
Students can also take specialist modules
like power engineering, manufacturing technology, machine elements, fluid
mechanics, numerical calculus methods,
control engineering, simulation engineering, industrial automation, light and light-
Engineering 51
ing engineering, quality management.

Complementary courses deliver general
qualifications (e.g. foreign language skills,
additional knowledge in project management, knowledge of economic and ecological frameworks, etc.).

studies may be divided into a basic and a
consolidation study stage.

Aachen TH Bayreuth U Berlin TU Bochum U Braunschweig TU Bremen U
Chemnitz TU Clausthal TU Cottbus TU Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU Dresden TU
Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Freiberg TUBergAk
Hamburg UBw Hamburg-Harburg TU Hannover U Ilmenau TU Kaiserslautern TU
Karlsruhe U Kassel U Lneburg U Magdeburg U Mnchen TU (Garching, Mnchen)
Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg) Paderborn U Rostock U Siegen U Stuttgart U Wuppertal U

Sciences

weeks of relevant work experience is generally required in metal processing companies. Practical phases of varying length are
completed during the studies.
Studies: Initially, students acquire the
technical design, manufacturing, operational and production/job planning, automotive engineering, energy/power engineering can be chosen. Complementary
courses deliver general qualifications in
English, business management/accounting, communication and presentation
techniques, plus law.
Depending on the university in question,
studies may be divided into a basic and a
consolidation study stage.
engineering, mathematical-scientific and

IT principles, much as in university studies. They then take modules that deliver a
greater understanding in areas like technical design, calculation and computation,
manufacturing, measurement engineering/metrology, drive engineering, instrument and control engineering, and quality
assurance. Students additionally work
on practical projects. Depending on the
courses offered by the university, applied
core study areas such as development and
52

Aachen FH (Aachen, Jlich) Aalen HS Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Albstadt) Amberg-Weiden
FH (Amberg) Anhalt HS (Kthen) Augsburg FH Berlin bbw Berlin FHTW Berlin TFH
Bielefeld FH Bingen FH Bochum HS Bochum TFH Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Sankt
Augustin) Brandenburg FH Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Wolfenbttel) Bremen HS
Bremerhaven H Coburg HS Darmstadt HS (Darmstadt, Dieburg) Deggendorf FH
Dortmund FH Dresden HTW Dsseldorf FH Essen FOM (Essen) Esslingen HS
Flensburg FH Frankfurt am Main FH Furtwangen HS (Furtwangen, Villingen-Schwenningen)
Gelsenkirchen FH (Gelsenkirchen) Gieen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg, Gieen, Wetzlar) Hamburg
HAW Hannover FH Heidelberg HS Heilbronn HHN Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen
HAWK (Gttingen) Ingolstadt FH Jena FH Kaiserslautern FH Karlsruhe HS
Kempten FH Kiel FH Koblenz FH Kln FH (Gummersbach, Kln) Kln RheinFH
Konstanz HS Landshut FH Lausitz FH (Cottbus, Senftenberg) Leipzig HTWK (Leipzig,
Markkleeberg) Lippe und Hxter FH (Lemgo) Lbeck FH Magdeburg-Stendal FH
(Magdeburg) Mannheim HS Mittweida HS (Mittweida, Rowein) Mnchen HS Mnster
FH (Mnster, Steinfurt) Niederrhein HS (Krefeld) Nrnberg HS Offenburg HS Oldenburg /
Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden, Wilhelmshaven) Osnabrck FH Pforzheim HS
Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Regensburg FH Reutlingen HS Saarland HTW
Schmalkalden FH Stralsund FH Sdwestfalen FH (Iserlohn, Meschede, Soest) Trier FH
(Birkenfeld, Trier) Ulm HS Vechta/Diepholz FHWT (Diepholz) Wiesbaden FH (Rsselsheim)
Wildau TFH Wismar HS Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Schweinfurt) Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)
Zwickau HS
2.12 Mechatronics
Study Field Outline
Mechatronic systems have long become a
part of our everyday life. There would be
no airbags, anti-lock brake systems, photocopiers, CD players, driving simulators
or ticket machines let alone industrial
robots if several engineering disciplines
had not joined forces to build and look
ahead to the future. Mechatronics is an
interdisciplinary field within engineering
and builds on the three pillars of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and
computer science/information systems. To
develop new mechatronics products, systems and production methods, engineers

and scientists have to combine methods
and tools taken from these classical individual disciplines. Only with such collaboration can sensors, actuators and information processing systems be integrated into
a mechanical design and so benefit from
a wealth of synergies. Thanks to electronics, microelectronics and computing, new
mechatronics systems are constantly being
developed. Yet, mechatronics is certainly
not just restricted to specific areas of
mechanical engineering; rather it influ-
Engineering 53
ences practically all branches of science

and industry.
The first degree course in mechatronics
was introduced at the Fachhochschule
Bochum (university of applied sciences)
in 1993. Previously, the subject had only
been offered as a specialisation or core
study area within mechanical engineering
programmes. Meanwhile, self-contained
mechatronics programmes are offered at
a number of universities and at around 50
universities of applied sciences (FH).
Mechatronic engineers use their general
perspective and understanding of systems to collaborate with specialists from
mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and computer science. In contrast
to these specialists, mechatronic engineers
are seen as generalists who can approach
and coordinate projects and problems
from a cross-disciplinary perspective.

ing on the school/professional qualifications, students are generally required to

weeks involving work processes typical of
the subject in question. Practical phases of
varying length are completed during the
studies.
Studies: Modules on the mathematical-
scientific core subjects, i.e. mathematics

and physics, and in engineering subjects,
like engineering mechanics, electrical
Hence, mechatronics programmes are

organised as an interface between various
specialist fields. Students attend lectures
and other courses from all three classical
areas. The study of mechatronics often
differentiates between Mechatronic Systems (drive and simulation engineering,
machines and devices, robotics, motion
systems, actuators and sensors, measurement and instrumentation, and image
processing), Micromechatronics and
Nanomechatronics (microsystems engineering, microengineering and precision
engineering functional groups, microsystems metrology) and Biomechatronics
(robotics, biosystems, bioactuators, control
and design, (automatic) control systems).
The range of subjects varies from one
institution to the next and depends on
the specific focus, core study areas and
specialisations offered in the respective
programme.
engineering, electronics, and electronic

devices, circuit engineering, computer
science/information systems, digital engineering, control engineering, signals and
systems, structural calculation, dynamics,
technical design engineering, systems
design, electrical CAE (Computer Aided
Engineering), electrical propulsion/drive
engineering, control engineering, signal
engineering, sensor engineering, measurement and instrumentation, robotic
systems, automation, thermodynamics
and fluid dynamics, materials, technical
optics/optical engineering, light and lighting engineering, hydraulics and pneumatics. Depending on the institution in ques-
54
tion, various consolidation options, such

as microsystems engineering, micro systems technology, microelectromechanical
systems (MEMS), instrument and device
engineering, medical engineering and
technology, plus general studies modules
such as English, business management/

accounting, project management, and law.
Some institutions may divide the studies into a basic and a consolidation study
stage.

Aachen FH Aalen HS Aschaffenburg FH Augsburg FH Bayreuth U Berlin TFH
Bielefeld FH Bingen FH Bochum HS Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Sankt Augustin)
Brandenburg FH Chemnitz TU Clausthal TU Darmstadt FernHS (Pfungstadt) Darmstadt
HS (Darmstadt, Dieburg) Darmstadt TU Deggendorf FH Dortmund TU Dresden TU
Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Essen FOM (Essen) Esslingen HS (Gppingen) Frankfurt
am Main FH Gelsenkirchen FH (Bocholt) Gieen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg) Hagen FernU
Hamburg HAW Hamburg UBw Hamburg-Harburg TU Hannover FHDW (Celle)
Hannover U Harz HS (Wernigerode) Heilbronn HHN Ilmenau TU Jena FH
Kaiserslautern FH Karlsruhe HS Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel FH Koblenz FH Kln FH
Konstanz HS Lippe und Hxter FH (Lemgo) Magdeburg U Magdeburg-Stendal FH
(Magdeburg) Merseburg FH Mittweida HS Mnchen HS Mnchen TU (Garching)
Niederrhein HS (Krefeld) Nrnberg HS Offenburg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /
Wilhelmshaven FH (Wilhelmshaven) Osnabrck FH Paderborn U RavensburgWeingarten HS (Weingarten) Regensburg FH Reutlingen HS Saarbrcken U
Saarland HTW Siegen U Stuttgart U Sdwestfalen FH (Hagen, Iserlohn) Ulm HS
Vechta/Diepholz FHWT (Oldenburg) Wiesbaden FH (Rsselsheim) Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)
2.13 Mining, Geoengineering, Mine Surveying

Study Field Outline
Mining is concerned with prospecting,
developing, extracting and processing
(natural) mineral resource deposits for
further use. These mineral resources are
coal, oil and natural gas, plus ores, salts,
rocks, stones, earth and soils of various
kinds. Before deposits can be economically
and safely mined and extracted, extensive
examinations and reports (surveying) are
required in the prospecting stage. Solid

materials are mined in underground or
open-cast operations depending on the
type of deposit, while fluid and gaseous
deposits are developed and extracted by
means of drilling. This calls for complex technical plants, installations and
equipment. Mining engineers are largely
responsible for organising, operating
and monitoring these processes. Further
responsibilities include environmental
Engineering 55
protection, reporting and planning on

underground deposits.
Geoengineering combines knowledge
from the natural sciences, geosciences
(Earth sciences) and engineering with
the specialist geoengineering expertise
acquired in fields like engineering geology, soil mechanics and rock mechanics.
The aim is to gain an understanding of
the mechanical behaviour of rocks and
to predict the interaction between structural developments and the rock in order
to be able to use land as building plots
and building areas and to mine materials
and mineral resources for building and
construction. Analytical and numerical
methods for dimensioning geoengineered
structures (e.g. foundation ditches, dams,
tips) as well as the use of tunnel and gallery engineering (e.g. tunnels, caverns,
underground storage or deposit sites) play
an important role in this respect.
Practical experience/internships: A sub-
ject-related internship is recommended

before studies commence. Work experience activities of varying length are completed during the studies, such as excursions to teaching mines, etc. Training
as an apprentice miner or an apprentice
mine surveyor amounting to a total of 200
shifts is recommended (as a prerequisite
for higher public service positions in mining and mine surveying) and can be recognised as an internship.
Mine surveying deals with the mapping

and calculation of existing deposits, the
graphic imaging of underground and
open-cast mines as well as the measurement and registration of surface damage
caused by underground operations. Mine
surveyors are specialised geodetic engineers.
The study of mining and geoengineering
is possible at technical universities, universities of technology, and at universities
of applied sciences, while mine surveying
can only be studied at technical universities/universities of technology.
Since mining operations primarily involve
a wide range of engineering aspects, the
catalogue of subjects for these degree programmes extends from geoscientific fields
via mine engineering to law and economics disciplines.
Basic study stage: Lectures and exercises

in the basic science subjects (mathematics, physics, chemistry, mineralogy,
petrography, geology, geosciences/Earth
sciences, geomechanics, basic engineering subjects (mechanical engineering/
machine operating engineering, electrical
engineering, thermodynamics, process
engineering and surveying, engineering
mechanics, energy and mineral resource
engineering) and other fundamental subjects (law and economics). Mine surveyors
also study general mine surveying and
mine damage surveying.
56
Main study stage: Extension and consolidation of the engineering principles and
specialist studies. Geoengineering and
mining programmes offer the subject
areas of mining, drilling techniques and
reservoir engineering, geoengineering,
special foundation engineering; mineral
resources engineering programmes offer
specialisation in the fields of mineral
resource extraction and mining, mineral
resource processing, mine surveying,
energy resources; energy and mineral
resources programmes offer specialisation in energy and mineral resource
engineering and petroleum engineering.
Mine surveying programmes primarily

offer mine surveying-geodetic training.
In addition, the basic training acquired in
in geomechanics and in law and business
management is consolidated. Studies in
mining-foundation engineering or opencast mining are optional.

Sciences
Main study stage: Subject-specific,
A required internship of 160 shifts must

be completed (of which 60 shifts must
have been completed before the studies
start). Training as an apprentice miner or
an apprentice mine surveyor is also recognised.
practical courses in the mathematical, scientific and engineering principles.

Aachen TH Clausthal TU Freiberg
TUBergAk
practice-focused in subjects like drilling,

sampling, calculation methods, soil and
rock mechanics, hydrology, geological
work, soil science/pedology, information systems, building material science,
environmental protection, law, surface
recycling and rehabilitation, and English.
Complementary internships in lab and
field, excursions and seminars plus a comprehensive range of optional subjects.

Bochum TFH
Engineering 57
2.14 Navigation: Nautical Science, Ship Operations

Engineering, Maritime Transport
Study Field Outline
The study of nautical science and ship
operations engineering covers all areas
required for the nautical or engineering
operation of a ship.
Studies in nautical science not only cover
nautical, seafaring subjects, but also business management focuses and lead to
qualification as a Nautical Officer of the
Watch/Captain with a licence to serve on
merchant ships of all sizes and all navigable waters.
Studies in ship operations engineering
extend to the operation, monitoring and
maintenance of marine engine systems
and lead to qualification as a Technical

Sciences
Nautical science
Special admissions requirements:
1) Completed vocational training / apprenticeship as a ship technician, or 2) practical training and 12 months at sea as a
nautical assistant officer, of which at least
6 months completed before commencing
studies at the university of applied sciences. The practical training and the time
spent at sea can also be completed in the
form of two practical semesters offered as
part of an 8-semester pilot programme.
Officer of the Watch/Senior Marine Engineer with a licence to serve as an engineer

on ships of all engine ratings.
Degree programmes in shipping company
logistics and maritime transport and port
and harbour management above all prepare students for planning and organisational responsibilities in shipping companies, and in maritime and other shipping/
forwarding companies as well as in port/
harbour and storage house companies.
The degree programme in cruise industry
management offered at the Hochschule
Bremen University of Applied Sciences
trains professionals for careers in international cruise tourism.

chemistry, computer science/information
systems, basic business and management, psychology, sociology, shipbuilding,
marine engineering operations, communications, medical treatment of injuries and
illnesses.
Main study stage: Navigation, meteorol-
ogy, maritime English, shipbuilding and

ship theory, loading techniques, maritime
commercial law, human resources management, emergency management, health
care, radio licence, training on radar and
ship operations simulators.
58
Ship operations engineering

Special admissions requirements:
1) Completed vocational training / apprenticeship as a ship technician and 6 months

at sea in ship technician service, or 2)
completed vocational training / apprenticeship in a recognised metal or electrical
engineering trade and one year at sea as a
technician, or 3) practical training and 18
months at sea as a technical assistant officer, of which at least 12 months must have
been completed before commencing studies at the university of applied sciences.
practical courses in mathematics, physics,

engineering mechanics, basic electrical
engineering, instrument and control engineering, thermodynamics, English, business administration.
Main study stage: Engines, machines and
plants, combustion engines and plants,
steam plants/engines, shipbuilding/safety,
technical ship operations, fuels, fluids
and lubricants, human resources management.
Shipping Company Logistics /

Maritime Transport and Port and
Harbour Management
Studies: Modules on information technology, mathematical-scientific, socio-economic, and methodological principles as
well as on legal and business management
aspects (e.g. employment and industrial
law, insurance law, cost calculating, controlling), plus a basic knowledge of port
and harbour management, logistics/port
and harbour logistics, chemistry, dangerous loads, ship theory, telematics, chartering and loading, marketing and sales,
corporate management, foreign languages
and presentation techniques.

Bremen HS Bremerhaven H
Flensburg FH Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /
Wilhelmshaven FH (Elsfleth, Leer)
Wismar HS (Warnemnde)
2.15 Optical Technologies

Study Field Outline
Until just recently, the term optics was
primarily associated with classical everyday objects, like glasses, microscopes,
binoculars or camera lenses. Since the
development of lasers advances in manufacturing techniques, semiconductor
technology and in storage and software

engineering, the optical technologies and
their applications have developed at great
pace and are seen as a key technology
and driving force for innovation in the
21st century. They have long matured and
have left their research labs to embark on
a triumphant journey into our everyday
Engineering 59
life, in hospitals, in vehicles of all kinds, in

machines and factory buildings.
So what exactly does the term optical
technologies, also known as photonics,
really mean? The term actually covers the
entirety of the physical and biological laws
of nature and technologies for generating, intensifying, shaping, transmitting,
measuring and utilising, exploiting and
applying light in all wave ranges. This in
itself already suggests that the fields of
application and products are very diverse
and wide-ranging. We encounter highquality optical devices, complex optical
components as well as optics-based manufacturing methods everywhere. Together
with the worldwide fibreglass cables, light
has become the preferred means of transport for speech and data transmissions.
Optical fibres make it possible to achieve
the highest information densities and so,
for example, facilitate the simultaneous
transmission of audio and video signals.
CDs and DVDs have replaced magnetic
recording methods for large volumes of
data. Lasers are being used as welding and
cutting tools in areas like the automotive
and shipbuilding industries and are able to
process the widest range of materials like
glass, stainless steel, and plastics with the
highest precision.
Modern medical engineering and technology is no longer conceivable without optical technologies just think of the use of
lasers in ophthalmology. The whole field
of keyhole surgery is equally inconceivable without fibre optic cables that give
the surgeons an insight into a patients
body. And soon, ultrathin, flexible displays
made of luminescent synthetic materials,
so-called OLEDs, will conjure up images

of brilliant quality on laptops and mobiles.
The applications are practically endless
and extend from optoelectronics, information and communications technology,
manufacturing engineering, the semiconductor industry via environmental, micro
and sensor systems engineering, measurement engineering/metrology, printing and exposure techniques, traffic and
lighting technology all the way through
to medicine and the biosciences, to name
but a few.
Often, it is not immediately apparent
where optical technology-related subjects
can be studied, because teaching is generally offered in the form of core study
areas or consolidation courses or in individual modules under the programmes in
mechanical engineering, mechatronics,
physics and physical engineering, precision and microengineering, electrical
engineering and information technology
or in materials sciences. Each institution
has its own specific focus. This results in
a correspondingly wide spread of research
and application, thus making it necessary
to gain as much information as possible
about the respective profile of the degree
programmes in question.
Meanwhile, independent degree programmes have, mainly at universities of
applied sciences, established themselves
in the field of optical technologies, such as
optoelectronics, optometry and vision science, laser and optical technologies, photonics. Degree programmes in ophthalmic
optics/optometry also deliver medical
and optical knowledge and techniques for
identifying the causes of sight problems
60
and for achieving the greatest possible

sight with physical-optical resources.
All these programmes share an essential,
well-founded knowledge of the scientific
and technical principles of physics and

Depending on the school/vocational

qualifications, a pre-study internship of
several weeks. During the studies, most
programmes will include several practical phases or work experience study
semesters, laboratory exercises and project
assignments. Applicants for the ophthalmic optics programme are expected or
recommended to have a vocational qualification as an optician.
Studies: Initial modules focus on acquir-
ing the mathematical, scientific and engineering principles, including areas like
analysis, vector calculus, mechanics and
electrics (science of electricity), electronics,
nuclear and molecular physics, chemistry,
programming, optometry, instrument and
control engineering, biomedicine, and
physiological optics.
mathematics as well as of the classical

field of technical optics, especially for
graduates wishing to work in fields like
optical engineering or applied fields in
medical engineering and technology.
micro systems technology, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), image

processing and other fields of relevance
to application and research. In addition,
non-technical subjects like project management, technical English, business
administration. Students of ophthalmic
optics can extend and consolidate their
knowledge with studies in optometry and
ophthalmic technology.

Aalen HS Berlin TFH Braunschweig /
Wolfenbttel FH (Wolfsburg) Bremen HS
Clausthal TU Darmstadt HS
Deggendorf FH Erlangen-Nrnberg U
(Erlangen) Gieen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg,
Gieen, Wetzlar) Hamburg-Harburg TU
Hannover U Hildesheim/Holzminden/
Gttingen HAWK (Gttingen) Ilmenau TU
Jena FH Karlsruhe U Koblenz FH
(Remagen) Kln FH Lbeck FH
Mnchen HS Mnster FH (Steinfurt)
Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH
(Emden) Oldenburg U RavensburgWeingarten HS (Weingarten) Wildau TFH
Depending on the chosen programme,

students extend and consolidate their
knowledge in areas like laser engineering
and special fields of application, materials
technology, materials processing, information and communication technologies,
optometry, microsystems engineering,
Engineering 61
2.16 Precision and Micro Engineering

Study Field Outline
Precision engineering involves the study
of mechanics, optics and, above all, electronics, including precision engineered
devices and instruments (e.g. watches),
optics, including optometry, optoelectronics, communications technology,
microsystems engineering, micro systems
technology, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), medical engineering and
technology, measurement, control and
data engineering, mechatronics. These
fields are mainly used to produce, transmit, store, convert, monitor and process
optical and acoustic, electrical, hydraulic
and pneumatic signals to operate devices,
such as CD and hard disk drives, cameras,
microscopes, laser systems, plane tables,
computer components or domestic appliances. Importance attaches here to secure
and precise transmission.
Microengineering/microsystems engineering (micro systems technology, microelec-
Practical experience/internships: A basic
internship of 6 to 8 weeks completed, as

far as possible, before the studies begin:
specialist internships of between 8 and 20
weeks are completed in the main study
stage.
practical courses in mathematics, physics,
tromechanical systems (MEMS)) combines

microelectronic, micromechanical and
optoelectronic components like intelligent
microprocessors, sensors and actuators
to form extremely miniaturised technical
systems. Applications range from sat nav
systems in vehicles via tiny valves and
pumps for drug dosage delivery in the
body through to complex chemical analysis systems of the very smallest dimensions, e.g. astronautics. Studies combine
subject areas from the fields of computer
science/information systems, microoptics
and microelectronics, as well as micromechanics, which is why they have a highly
multidisciplinary structure.
Precision engineers often collaborate with
physicists, chemical scientists, computer
scientists and engineers from other fields,
The study of precision engineering is related to electronic engineering, mechanical
engineering, mechatronics, and computer
science.
chemistry, materials science, engineering

mechanics, machine elements, technical
design theory, electrical engineering, thermal engineering and other subjects, plus
law and economics.
Main study stage: Regulations differ
greatly from one institution to the next,

with a broad range of optional and elective courses available for focusing on the
branches of precision and microsystems
62
engineering, micro systems technology,

microelectromechanical systems (MEMS),
initially mentioned.

Sciences
weeks is generally required with elements
of electronic, mechanical and precision
engineering. Practical phases of varying
Studies: Modules on the mathematical-
scientific and engineering principles

in mathematics, physics, engineering
mechanics, electrical engineering, engineering optics (optometry), materials
engineering, technical drawing/CAD,
components, devices and circuit engineering, technical programming, consolidation
of the applied knowledge in subjects like
electronics, microprocessor engineering,

Chemnitz TU Dresden TU Freiburg U
Ilmenau TU Magdeburg U
signals and systems, signal processing,

measurement and control engineering,
introductions to modelling and simulation
plus engineering optics (optometry). Core
study areas can be chosen in fields such
as microengineering, sensor engineering,
instrument and apparatus engineering or
medical engineering and technology. In
addition, general studies modules with
cross-disciplinary content.

Aalen HS Berlin FHTW Bremen HS
Esslingen HS (Gppingen) Furtwangen HS
Gelsenkirchen FH (Gelsenkirchen) GieenFriedberg FH (Gieen, Wetzlar) Hamburg
HAW Hannover FH Jena FH
Kaiserslautern FH (Zweibrcken)
Karlsruhe HS Mnchen HS
Nrnberg HS Regensburg FH
Saarland HTW Westkste FHW (Heide)
2.17 Printing Technology and Media Technology

Study Field Outline
The study of print technology and media
technology covers the whole area of applied
communications engineering from text
and image processing, print preparation
(print copy/print forme production plate,
screen, cylinder), the printing process and,

finally, the finishing. In the more advanced
semesters and depending on the study
focus, studies concentrate either on process engineering or on business management fields. Media technology focuses on
the new electronic media.
Engineering 63
Printing Technology
Programmes focus on reproduction and
composition technology, the production
of print formes, printing and finishing
processes, while packaging technology
programmes deal with the production
and application of packaging materials of all kinds (paper, cardboard, film).
This takes health-related (food, drugs,
medicine packaging) and increasingly
environmental aspects (recycling, use of
renewable resources, such as maize/corn)
into consideration. Economics-orientated
programmes have their focuses in print
industrial engineering, in publishing
house management and production, and
in advertising technology and management. This often also calls for extensive
knowledge of the necessary technical
processes; on the other hand, the abovementioned engineering-focused programmes also study the economic areas
needed by industrial/operations engineers.
Some institutions offer printing orientated
specialisation options within the scope of
general mechanical engineering or electrical engineering programmes.
Media Technology, Digital Media

Degree programmes in media technology/
digital media provide training on designing and producing audio-visual media.
Besides the conventional field of TV engineering and technology, this covers all
the new media that combine acoustic and
optical signals. Audiovision systems, slide
shows, film, video, multimedia and the
so-called new media (satellite and cable
TV, Teletext, internet, etc.). In contrast to
classical engineering professions, media
engineers need a particularly wide and

diverse focus. Natural and social sciences,
arts and humanities, technology and art,
production and communication, computer
science and electronics, plus knowledge in
subjects like semiotics (theory of characters) and cybernetics (control and systems
theory, communication and feedback). The
study of media technology differs substantially from the more artistic and design
orientated programmes. Media technology
largely involves the study of engineering.
For more information, see the media section.
Media Information Systems

Degree programmes in media information
systems (media computing) combine content from the study of software-orientated
computer science with media-specific
know-how. A media information systems
programme deals with the processing of
media on computer systems, with digital
information processing and with the conception, design, production and distribution of digital media. Examples include
digital television and radio, the internet
and mobile phone technology (wireless
communication). A knowledge of computer architectures and operating systems as
well as of subjects like mathematics and
theoretical computer science, basic business management, project management,
and English is essential.
64


is generally required in the printing or
media industry. Practical phases of varying
Printing and Media Technology

Studies: Initial modules deliver the
mathematical, statistical, scientific, creative

design and business management principles. These are complemented by modules
on common and conventional printing
methods and media techniques, machine
elements, production planning and management, controlling, materials, plus the
necessary basics of computer science and
information systems. As studies progress,
students extend and consolidate their knowledge of the technologies relating to the prepress stages, the printing process and print
processing as well as in the commercial and
business field. The formation of core study
areas in the fields of application is based on
specific industry segments or fields like the
technology of the print process, pre-press
stage, digital media production or print
technology, packaging. Further modules on
presentation techniques, rhetoric, industrial
safety or foreign languages.
Some universities divide the studies into a
basic and a main study stage.
electrical engineering, communications

engineering, measurement engineering/
metrology, computer science/information
systems, audio/video engineering plus
production engineering and technology.
These are complemented by modules on
media and society, fundamentals of journalism, communication research, business, media theory, project management.
Further modules often offered in conjunction with an applied project assignment enable students to specialise in
the fields of radio, television, print media,
interactive media.
Media Information Systems

Studies: Modules on the scientifictechnical principles of mathematics, and
business management principles as well
as on classical and electronic media applications. Extension and consolidation of
the basic knowledge through modules on
topics like media theory, media design,
programming, software development and
technology, distributed systems, computer
networks, databases, computer architecture, computer graphics and animation,
internet technology, business information
systems, mobile communication, media
development, technical-scientific documentation, AV media, IT project management, quality management. These are
complemented by media theory, media
law, technical English. Project work plays
an extensive role. Optional and elective
courses generally enable students to build
their own study profile.
Media Technology, Digital Media

Studies: Modules on the scientific-tech-

nical principles of mathematics, physics,

Engineering 65

Amberg-Weiden FH (Amberg) Anhalt HS (Kthen) Berlin TFH Berlin TU Brandenburg FH
Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Wolfenbttel) Braunschweig HBK Bremen HS
Bremen U Bremerhaven H Chemnitz TU Cottbus TU Deggendorf FH Dresden HTW
Dresden TU Dsseldorf FH Esslingen HS Furtwangen HS Gelsenkirchen FH
(Gelsenkirchen) Gieen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg) Hamburg HAW Harz HS (Wernigerode)
Hof FH Ilmenau TU Jena FH Kaiserslautern FH (Zweibrcken) Kln FH (Kln,
Gummersbach) Leipzig HTWK Lbeck FH Lbeck U Merseburg FH Mittweida HS
Mnchen HS Mnchen U Offenburg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH
(Emden) Osnabrck FH Siegen U Stuttgart HdM Trier FH (Birkenfeld) Ulm HS
Ulm U Wedel FH Wiesbaden FH (Rsselsheim, Wiesbaden) Wismar HS Wuppertal U
2.18 Production Engineering

Study Field Outline
Production engineering deals with managing the technical, economic and organisational problems that arise in the production of practically all kinds of industrial
products. Hence, the field of production
engineering above all involves the further
automation of production processes and
the optimisation of production methods.
These touch upon, overlap and intersect
with many fields, in particular, in manufacturing engineering and production
engineering, process engineering, automation engineering, computer science/
information systems, and with industrial

ing on the school/vocational qualifica-
engineering. The main responsibilities of

a production engineer generally lie in collaborating with specialists from the respective areas, in developing new products and
processes, including planning new factories, in machine tool and jig construction
engineering, and, very generally, in work/
job preparation processing, in work place
design, in the manufacturing process
itself and in product control. Mathematical
optimisation processes, company-specific
software solutions and standardised Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems
are used.
tions, a pre-study internship of several

weeks is generally required, for example,
in manufacturing companies or engineering offices. Practical phases of varying
66
Studies: Modules deliver the theoreti-
cal principles in fields like mathematics,

physics, engineering mechanics, electrical
engineering, thermodynamics, technical design, CAD, computer science and
information systems, materials science,
manufacturing engineering and principles
of business management, ergonomics,
human factors and work science. Consolidation modules include factory planning,
production planning and management,
production resources and logistics, design
and placement of machine tools, metals
processing and CNC engineering, process, project and human resources management, forming technology, industrial
logistics, material flow technology, industrial robots, applied computer science/
information systems, quality management, environmental protection. Depending on the chosen core study areas (e.g.
production engineering or production
management), further modules such as

technical or management orientated subjects, complemented by project management and foreign languages.

Aachen TH Berlin TFH Braunschweig TU
Bremen U Bremerhaven H
Chemnitz TU Cottbus TU Darmstadt TU
Dresden HTW Dresden TU Esslingen HS
Frankfurt am Main FH Gieen-Friedberg FH
(Wetzlar) Hamburg HAW HamburgHarburg TU Hannover FH Hannover U
Heilbronn HHN Kaiserslautern TU
Kln FH Kln RheinFH Konstanz HS
Lippe und Hxter FH (Lemgo) Lneburg U
Mnchen HS Mnchen TU (Garching)
Regensburg FH Rosenheim FH Trier FH
(Birkenfeld) Ulm HS Westkste FHW
(Heide) Wismar HS
2.19 Public Utilities Engineering,

Facility Engineering
Study Field Outline
Engineers working in the fields of public
engineering and facility engineering plan,
project, build and operate public utility
and waste disposal plants and systems in
the following areas. They equip residential
buildings, factories and workshops, industrial buildings, hospitals, swimming pools,
shopping centres, administrative buildings, schools, and so on, or even whole
human settlements, estates and communities, towns and cities with incineration
plants, heating systems, air-conditioning

and sanitary systems, as well as electrical
installations; they provide protection systems and measures against harmful gases,
vapours and dusts; they treat water and
ensure that sewage and effluents are efficiently treated and safely disposed of; further areas of responsibility include noise
abatement, power and energy usage and
consumption, distance heating networks,
heat recovery plants and reverse cycle thermal pumps, solar power heating systems;
industrial plants equipped with public
Engineering 67
utilities and disposal technology. Mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and

environmental engineering are key areas
for this subject.
Interdisciplinary degree programmes in
facility management take a holistic approach
to the field, under consideration of technical,
commercial and infrastructural aspects.


weeks. Practical phases of varying length
Studies: Basic modules on the mathemat-
ical-scientific (mathematics, chemistry,

physics) and engineering principles (engineering mechanics, electrical engineering, materials engineering and structural
engineering, measurement engineering/
metrology, instrumentation and control
engineering, thermodynamics, energy and
environmental engineering).
Depending on degree programme, specialisation in areas like facility engineering
and technology, heating and air-conditioning, gas, water and sanitary engineering,
electrical fitting, energy efficient consumption, climate appropriate building,
fire safety measures, integrated planning.
Public and industrial utility engineering,
energy and refrigeration engineering, gas,
water and electricity utilities, distance
Studies are primarily provided by universities of applied sciences. Technical universities and universities of technology may
provide specialisations in public utilities
engineering during the advanced stage of a
mechanical engineering programme. Particular significance attaches to the field of
thermal engineering and fuel technology.
heating, fuel and gas engineering, power

management; environmental engineering,
mains and pipeline engineering, immission control, sewage and effluent treatment engineering, waste management.
Facility management, construction management, project planning, property and
estate management, contract and contracting (contract award) law. Cross-disciplinary modules on business management,
technical English, legal principles, applied
information systems, rhetoric, etc.
main study stage.

Augsburg FH Berlin FHTW Berlin TFH
Berlin TU Biberach HS Bingen FH
Bochum TFH Brandenburg FH Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Wolfenbttel)
Bremerhaven H Coburg HS Erfurt FH
Esslingen HS Gelsenkirchen FH
(Gelsenkirchen) Gieen-Friedberg FH
(Gieen) Kln FH Lausitz FH (Cottbus)
Mnchen HS Mnster FH (Mnster,
Steinfurt) Mnster U Nrnberg HS
Offenburg HS Trier FH Wuppertal U
Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau) Zwickau HS
68
2.20 Regional and Area Planning

Study Field Outline
Regional and area planning is an interdisciplinary work area that deals with
regional and area developments of the
living, working and environmental conditions. The various area and regional levels
extend from domestic residential environments and estates via urban districts,
whole towns or cities, to regional, state
and national level through to the European
and international levels.
Regional and area planning aims to and
is responsible for analysing the various
requirements, conflicts and opportunities in the region and, based on this, for
developing concepts, potential solutions
and strategies, and then for monitoring
their implementation. Present or future
problem areas are treated with a predictive
and forward-looking approach. This might
involve the impact of democratic change
on the housing market or infrastructure
demand, or aspects of migration and

Practical experience/internship: No standard regulations apply. In most cases, students are required to complete internships
of varying length.
Studies: Studies in regional and area plan-
ning can be completed as a full degree

programme (Bachelors/Masters or Dip-
urban development. The consequences of

economic structural change for the regional labour markets and industrys locational
demands are topics of discussion as are
the consequences of environmental pollution and environmental risks.
Regional and area planning is a horizontal
cross-sectional responsibility. Planners
take a cross-disciplinary approach and
work within interdisciplinary contexts. The
study of regional and area planning focuses centrally on people and their needs and
activities through which space is used
and deployed. Hence, the starting point
is provided by area or regionally effective
existence functions, like living, working,
sustaining oneself and relaxing, etc. Since
the use of and demands on space and area
often overlap and conflict with each other,
regional planning is also responsible
for balancing these claims in the public
interest and for finding environmentally,
socially and economically-compatible and
viable solutions.
lom) in regional planning (degrees include

regional planning, regional and environmental planning, urban and regional
planning, urban planning). In this respect,
Masters programmes generally offer
topic-related extension and consolidation studies within the broader field of
regional planning. Graduates of regional
and planning related Diplom or Bachelors programmes, such as architecture/
urban development, civil engineering,
Engineering 69
geography, landscape planning, sociology,

surveying, administrative sciences, or traffic and transport management can also
subsequently take a Masters programme
with a major in the field of regional planning. Graduate Masters programmes
are offered by universities with full programmes. Some universities only cover
the individual disciplines.

Berlin TU Bremen U Cottbus TU
Dortmund TU Eberswalde FH
Hannover U Hildesheim/Holzminden/
Gttingen HAWK (Gttingen)
Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U Kassel U
Leipzig U Potsdam U Stuttgart U
Trier U Vechta H Wiesbaden FH
2.21 Ship Engineering, Nautical and Marine

Engineering/Technology
Study Field Outline
Nautical engineering deals with the project
planning, design, structural design and
building of ships, ship elements and fittings. Two study branches have evolved:
Shipbuilding and nautical mechanical
engineering. The interaction between
numerous individual systems means that
nautical engineering represents a very wide
and varied field of knowledge. Whether
submarine, tanker, container ship or luxury cruise liner, each ship requires detailed

ing on the school/vocational qualifications, students are required to complete

between 12 and 13 weeks of pre-study
internships, for example in a shipyard or
dockyard. Students of shipbuilding and
nautical mechanical engineering study
and complex calculations; optimal technical and economic solutions have to be

found. Special areas involve the building
of fisheries vessels and so-called off-shore
engineering (drilling platforms/oil rigs,
deep-sea research equipment). Maritime
technologies programmes deal with using
the resource sea as a source of energy, raw
materials and food. In the field of metrology and plant engineering, it deals with the
building of platforms and offshore plants,
taking measurements and developing and
designing offshore wind farms.
in a cooperative programme and so are

required to complete one year of relevant
practical training before they commence
their studies. Practical phases of varying
Studies: In the initial semesters of the
Bachelors programme, studies focus on
teaching the mathematic-scientific and
engineering principles. Modules include
70
mathematics, physics, computer science/

information systems, structural calculation and strength of materials, thermodynamics, materials science and welding
engineering, structural design theory,
CAD, hydromechanics, ship/maritime elements, buoyancy and stability. These are
followed by engineering application modules, like shipbuilding, ship equipment,
design and structural design of ships for
special cargos, yacht design, submarine
vehicles, ship mechanical engineering,
ship electronics, metrology in shipbuilding, manufacturing and shipyard/dockyard operations. Students can specialise
in areas like ship design, hydrodynamics

and yacht design, structural design as well
as ship firmness and rigidity. Ship equipment is possible in some cases. Complementary cross-disciplinary training in the
fields of business administration, foreign
languages, project management, quality
assurance, law. Course elements involving
practical work experience completed in the
form of industrial or corporate projects.

Berlin TU Bremen HS Bremerhaven H
Hamburg-Harburg TU Kiel FH
2.22 Surveying/Geodesy, Cartography

Study Field Outline
Surveying (geodesy) deals with determining the figure of the Earth, whereby the
perspective extends to Earth as a whole
or to parts of it. Responsibilities range
from determining the Earths shape and
gravity field, satellite geodesy, to creating
and maintaining an array of height benchmarks via topographical ground surveys.
They also include cadastral surveys (land
registry surveying), rearranging rural
regions and urban development as well as
monitoring the deformation behaviour of
buildings and structures. An understanding of global dynamic processes and of a
comprehensive environmental monitoring
system provides geodesy with important
data. The turnabout from classical surveying to modern Earth observation is also
shown by the measuring tools and instru-
ments. Automated devices, modern satellite technology and digital remote sensing
methods are being introduced. Automated
integrating, analysing, interpreting and
visual processing methods have become
ever more important given the volume
of space-related data. Hence, the degree
programme studied at many universities
is now called Geodesy and Earth Information Systems.
Engineering surveying is also important
for the field of civil engineering.
Cartography is responsible for producing
maps, the planated and scaled-down symbolic representation of parts of the Earths
surface and of processes taking place in
them. The diversity of these responsibilities calls for links with many areas of
science, such as mathematics, computer
Engineering 71
science, astronomy, geophysics, meteorology, geology, geography, civil engineering,

architecture and other auxiliary sciences.
Geoinformation systems is a new interdisciplinary field that acts as a bridge between
on the one hand, and the geosciences/
Earth sciences, on the other. It deals
with the development and application of
methods for the computational solution of
specialist problems in fields of research,
Practical experience/internships: In-
sessional, study-integrated internships of

several weeks, such as in surveying and
land registry authorities, surveying offices;
in some cases, it is recommended to complete these internships before the studies
begin.
Studies: Modules on the scientific and
mathematical principles of the subject as

well as on topics like engineering mathematics, experimental physics, geo(Earth)
sciences, geodata programming, statistics and geodetic computation, geodetic
metrology, the Global Navigation Satellite
System (GNSS), engineering geodesy and
geodetic control points, geoinformation
and cartography, regional planning, land
and real estate management, photogrammetry and remote sensing, curve fitting,
astronomical, physical and mathematical
geodesy, positioning and navigation, engineering geodesy and geodetic evaluation
methods, image processing, computer
graphics/visualisation, law, business
business and industry, politics and administration in which the spatial relevance of
information plays an important part. The
acquired knowledge and insight led to the
field of GeoInformation Systems (GIS)
and so facilitated the optimal exploitation
of space and place-related data, such as
used in environmental protection, in traffic and transport management through to
state-of-the-art wireless (mobile) network
engineering and navigation satellites, and
in building and construction.
administration and economics. Depending on the university in question, various

opportunities for specialisation and core
study are offered.
main study stage.

Berlin TU Bonn U Darmstadt TU
Dresden TU Hamburg HCU
Hannover U Jena U Karlsruhe U
Mnchen TU Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg)
Mnster U Osnabrck U Stuttgart U
72

Sciences

Surveying/Geodesy
Studies: Modules on the mathematical and
physical principles as well as on subject
areas like surveying specific data processing and CAD, geodetic computational
methods, instrument science, surveying
science, land registry cadastre and law,
land surveying and curve fitting, geoinformation systems, image processing, remote
sensing, traffic routes and civil engineering, cartography, planning science, specialisation on optional subjects. Complementary general studies modules.
Map technology/cartography
Studies: Base modules in mathematics,
projective geometry, geography, statistics.

Subject specific modules such as principles of cartography, geomedia engineering, presentation techniques, map editing,
thematic and topographical cartography,
data processing/geoinformation systems,
geodatabases, interactive and multimedia
cartography, geodata management, remote
sensing, graticule science, surveying
science, photogrammetry, multimedia
cartography, internet cartography. Complementary modules on business management and law.
Geoinformatics
Studies: Mathematical, scientific and
subject-specific base modules: Engineering mathematics, introduction to geoinformation systems, applied physics, geometrical-graphic principles/CAD systems,
operating systems, software engineering,
programming, database systems, geodetic
computation, land management, curve fitting, sensor engineering and special evaluation methods. Subject specific extended
and consolidation computing in fields
like GIS technologies, digital cartography,
remote sensing, official geoinformation
systems, telematics, key qualifications in
law, foreign languages, business management, presentation techniques.
The degree programme is also offered at

some universities.

Anhalt HS (Dessau) Berlin TFH
Bochum HS Bochum TFH
Dresden HTW Frankfurt am Main FH
Karlsruhe HS Mainz FH Mnchen HS
Neubrandenburg HS Oldenburg /
Ostfriesland/Wilhelmshaven FH (Oldenburg)
Stuttgart HFT Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH
(Wrzburg)
Engineering 73
2.23 Textile Engineering, Clothing Technology

Study Field Outline
Textile engineering deals with the treatment of natural fibres and the creation
of chemical fibres, their processing as
threads, yarns and fabrics, including colouring, refinement and finishing (clothing), and is also concerned with textile
machines.
Clothing technology is responsible for
the further processing of textile fabrics to
produce home/domestic textiles, day and
nightwear, clothing, and technical textiles.
The organisation of industrial clothing
manufacturing technology, the develop-

Depending on the school/vocational

qualifications, some students complete a
pre-study internship of several weeks in
an industrial company from the field of
textile manufacturing. Practical phases of
studies.
Studies: Initially, students acquire the
mathematical, scientific, engineering, and

subject-specific principles. These include
modules like mathematics and technical
drawing, physics, (textile) chemistry, statistics, information technology, materials
and machines, textile raw materials, basics
of thread and fabric manufacture and fin-
ment of new working methods as well as

product design are the essential responsibilities of clothing engineers. Besides
questions of quality, factors such as colour, shape and patterning of textiles play
an important role, meaning that clothing
technology intersects and overlaps with
the fields of design and textile chemistry,
with material technology and plastics engineering.
Textile and clothing technology are mainly
taught at universities of applied sciences.
In some cases, universities also offer core
study areas within mechanical engineering programmes.
ishing, basic business management skills.

Later, students extend and consolidate
their knowledge in applied areas through
modules on automation engineering,
production control, CAD, safety and plant
engineering, fibre, woven, and knitting
technology, composite materials, technical
textiles, textile testing, chemical analysis,
polymer chemistry, dying, textile printing,
environmental analysis and management.
In addition, students acquire general and
subject specific qualifications in fields like
quality management, rhetoric, presentation skills, project management, human
resources management, product and process development, as well as extension and
consolidation in business management
competence in the fields of organisation
and marketing. In some cases, core study
areas and specialisations can be chosen in
74
fields like textile management, clothing

management, textile technologies or product development.
main study stage.

Aachen TH Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS
(Albstadt) Berlin FHTW Dresden TU
Hamburg HAW Hof FH (Mnchberg)
Kaiserslautern FH (Pirmasens) Niederrhein
HS (Mnchengladbach) Reutlingen HS
Zwickau HS (Reichenbach)
3 Languages, Humanities,
Cultural Studies, Art and Design
76
3.1
Art History
Study Field Outline

Essentially, art history is the science of
the historical development of fine art
from antiquity to the present-day. It
encompasses works from the field of
architecture, sculpture, painting, graphic
art, ornamental art, and arts and crafts,
including technical visual media produced
in Europe or under European influence.
By contrast, works of fine art produced
in earlier periods are often the object of
their own disciplines, such as the art of
non-European primitive or tribal cultures, classical or Christian archaeology,
prehistory and early history, and Oriental
and East Asian art history. In contrast to
the practice of art, art history concerns
itself with the depicted content of works
of art and classifies these in terms of place
and time, especially the interpretation
of works of art on the basis of historical,
aesthetic, stylistic, sociological, economic
and psychological considerations. Art his-
Practical experience/internships: Work in
an historical monuments office or a museum recommended in the pre-sessional

period (vacation/recess).
Studies: Degree programmes differ in
terms of structure and content, generally

requiring a knowledge of modern lan-
tory also includes fields such as art theory,

the theory of art techniques and the study
of sources, including examination of the
life and history of artists when interpreting the works. Focuses in art history differ
from one higher education institution
to the next, meaning that, depending on
personal interest and previous training,
extensive inquiries into the main areas
covered by an institution are essential
when choosing the right place to study.
The most important occupational fields lie
in research, museums, for example in art
education, working as mediators between
art and the general public, in the preservation of monuments and historical buildings (e.g. listed buildings), in art societies,
in publishing, in the art trade, or in the
media industry and adult education.
guages (English, French; later also a basic

knowledge of Italian, Spanish and Dutch)
for understanding international specialist literature, plus a knowledge of art
techniques. In some cases, a knowledge
of Latin is also required. Besides lectures
and exercises on the various art periods,
students also go on excursions, including
travel abroad.
Languages, Humanities, Cultural Studies, Art and Design 77

Augsburg U Bamberg U Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin TU Bochum U Bonn U
Braunschweig HBK Bremen U Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen)
Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt) Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt
am Main U Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg U Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK
(Hildesheim) Jena U Karlsruhe HfGest Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel U KoblenzLandau U Kln U Konstanz U Leipzig U Mainz U Marburg U Mnchen U
Mnster KuAk Mnster U Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Regensburg U Saarbrcken U
Siegen U Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U Wrzburg U
3.2
Cultural Studies
Study Field Outline

Study opportunities cover the broad range
of branches offered by cultural studies
with a multidisciplinary approach. Studies
focus on an academic-theoretical treatment and examination of culture in
the broadest sense of the term, without
losing sight of somewhat more sober
aspects, such as culture/arts financing,
controlling, marketing, management and
logistics or the applications-orientated
focus on possible professional or career
fields. Increasingly, degree programmes
are being offered that also address aspects
of European culture and cultural history.
In some cases, these are international programmes.
cover branches of the arts and humanities (including art and music), economics,
business administration and social sciences, as well as (foreign) languages, communication, creative writing and cultural/
arts journalism, and law. Whether and, if
so, to what extent these components are
taught and which core study areas and
specialisations can be set during the studies will differ from one institution to the
next, since cultural studies currently lack
a uniform scientific research platform in
Germany.
In some cases, an aptitude test must be
taken for admission to a course (Exclusion
deadlines apply for registration and must
be observed!).
The course contents brought together

under the heading of cultural studies
78
Studies at Universities and Colleges

of Music
Bachelors programmes have largely abolished the formal division into a basic and
main study stage.
Practical experience/internships: Up to
3 internships lasting from 6 weeks to

3 months must completed during the
studies.
Basic study stage: All cultural studies
programmes offer lectures and courses

on the theory and history of culture.
students will also acquire a basic knowledge of a wide range of elective specialist
disciplines. The range of teaching covers
the study and examination of questions
of academic methodology and interdisciplinarity, economics and law-based study
elements, as well as artistic and aesthetic
aspects (in some cases including cultural
and practical artistic or technical elements as well) right through to introductory courses on computing and language
courses.

Aachen TH Augsburg U Bamberg U
Bayreuth U Berlin HU Berlin TU
Bielefeld U Bochum U Bonn U
Bremen Jacobs University Bremen U
Chemnitz TU Cottbus TU Dortmund TU
Duisburg-Essen U Dsseldorf U
Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt) ErlangenNrnberg U (Erlangen) Flensburg U
Frankfurt (Oder) U Freiburg U
Friedrichshafen ZU Gieen U
Gttingen U Hagen FernU HalleWittenberg U Hildesheim U Jena U
Karlsruhe U Kassel U Leipzig U
Lneburg U Magdeburg U Mannheim U
Marburg U Mnchen U Mnster U
Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Paderborn U
Passau U Potsdam U Regensburg U
Saarbrcken U Siegen U Stuttgart U
Trier U Tbingen U Weimar HfM
Witten/Herdecke U (Witten) Wrzburg U
Main study stage: Continuation and consolidation of the topic areas from the basic
study stage plus opportunities for setting
core study areas and specialisations.

Sciences
Practical experience/internships: Pre-
study internship (3 to 6 months) in a cultural or educational facility or institution

(with the exception of Grlitz); practical
and project phases completed during the
studies.
Studies: Modules on subject areas like

cultural and social change, art and art
history, culture and project work, culture/
arts management and administration,
arts/cultural marketing, (international)
cultural policy, media theory and practice, aesthetics, cultural education, communication and presentation, cultural
and commercial law, empirical social
research/statistics, business principles
(accounting, business mathematics, business information systems). Workshops

and projects, plus foreign languages,
rhetoric.
3.3

Dsseldorf FH Merseburg FH
Niederrhein HS (Mnchengladbach)
Potsdam FH Zittau/Grlitz HS (Grlitz)
Design
Study Field Outline

Essentially, design covers two degree
programmes: industrial design (product design) and communication design
(visual communication). Industrial design
includes areas like the design of consumer
goods (e.g. clothing, fashion, jewellery,
household goods, furniture, packaging,
aesthetic and consumables, handicrafts),
capital goods (e.g. machines, plants and
installations, tools, medical equipment,
working aids, work places, office communication) and vehicles (passenger cars
and commercial vehicles, rail vehicles,
ships and boats, aircraft, and other means
of transport). The design of a product is
determined by technical-functional, market-economic and aesthetic factors. Communication design covers creative tasks
in the field of communication media, for
example, newspapers, magazines, journals, brochures, pamphlets, packaging and
displays, and multimedia.
This includes both the production of layouts for advertising, catalogues, customer
information products, instructions, manuals and print-media products, as well as
the conception, design and production of
(audio-visual) media, such as commercials/advertising films, educational and
instructional films, multivision products,
teletext pages for advertising, PR, educational work, TV, etc. and, of course, the
creative designs and conceptions for the
optical structure of CD-ROMS, Internet
and Intranet pages, electronic kiosk systems (information systems), learning
systems, with design applying both to
the screen as well as to the user interfaces.
Numerous other training areas and fields
are available.
80
Studies at Universities, Colleges of

Art and Universities of Applied Sciences
Practical experience and special admissions requirements: To qualify for admis-
sion, applicants must pass an artistic-creative aptitude test. Generally, this includes
the presentation of a portfolio with
examples of the students own work plus
an artistic test. Besides this, some institutions may require applicants to complete
internships or periods of relevant practical
training of various length before they can
be admitted. Applicants who can present
proof of special artistic talent and adequate
general schooling may, under certain circumstances, be exempted from having to
meet further admissions requirements.
example, industrial design programmes

(product design) can be expected to offer
subjects/course modules as follows: Principles of design, two- and three-dimensional design, colour and volume (body),
representational/visualisation techniques,
modelling and technical design, materials
technology, engineering physics, psychology, sociology, cultural history. Communication design programmes (visual communication) offer colour design, printing and
reproduction techniques, figure drawing,
theory of design/composition, typography,
theory of information, theory of perception, psychology and sociology. Core study
areas and specialisations include graphic
design, photo design, electronic media,
illustration, display (product design and
packaging) and surface design.
Studies: Curricula differ substantially
from one institution to the next. For

Aachen FH Anhalt HS (Dessau) Augsburg FH Berlin BTK Berlin Design Akademie
Berlin FHTW Berlin MDH (Berlin, Dsseldorf, Mnchen) Berlin UdK Berlin-Weiensee KHB
Bielefeld FH Bielefeld FHM Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Salzgitter)
Braunschweig HBK Bremen HfK Coburg HS Darmstadt HS Dortmund FH
Dresden HfBK Dresden HTW Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Dsseldorf FH
Dsseldorf KuAk Frankfurt am Main FH Frankfurt am Main HfBK Halle HfKuD
Hamburg AMD Hamburg HAW Hamburg HfBK Hannover FH Hannover U Hildesheim/
Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) Hof FH (Hof, Mnchberg) Kaiserslautern FH
Karlsruhe HfGest Kassel U Kiel KH Kln FH Kln RheinFH Konstanz HS Leipzig HGB
Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) Mainz FH Mannheim HS Mnchen AkdBK
Mnchen HS Mnster FH Niederrhein HS (Krefeld, Mnchengladbach) Nrnberg AkdBK
Nrnberg HS Offenbach HfG Pforzheim HS Potsdam FH Reutlingen HS Saar HBK
(Saarbrcken) Schwbisch Gmnd HfGestaltung Schwbisch Hall FH Stuttgart AkdBK
Stuttgart HdM Stuttgart MerzAk Sdwestfalen FH (Soest) Trier FH (Idar-Oberstein, Trier)
Vechta H Weimar U Wiesbaden FH Wismar HS Wuppertal U Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH
(Wrzburg) Zwickau HS (Markneukirchen, Schneeberg)
3.4
Drama and Theatre Studies
Study Field Outline

The field of drama and theatre studies covers all manifestations of the theatre from
antiquity to the present-day, i.e. dramatic
art, music, dramaturgy (art of dramatic
composition), stage technology, theatre/
set design, audience behaviour studies,
theatre critique, radio/TV transmission
and broadcasting, recording for distribution on various image, video and sound
media, through to street theatre. Film, TV,
video and internet productions are playing
an increasingly important part in the field
of theatre studies. Important auxiliary
subjects include art history, media studies,
musicology, history, German studies, sociology and education.
Drama and theatre studies programmes
aim to qualify graduates for senior and
management positions in theatre, film and
TV, as well as in cultural life in general:
however, since the number of positions is
very small, students are urgently advised
to take a second major subject.
Studies at Universities, Colleges

of Music/Art and other Higher
Education Institutions
Studies: Some institutions have developed
their own degree-programme specific

selection procedures to test students
study related aptitude for admission to
the programmes. Students are largely free
Stage design, scenography, theatre equipment and props, stage costumes, and other
degree programmes deliver factors essential
to the best possible visual realisation of theatre, film or TV material on stage and off,
theatre, film and TV decoration and sets and
costumes from all periods, regions of the
world or fantasy worlds. Training is complemented by science and engineering courses,
such as structural calculation/engineering,
specialist drawing, etc. Studies in the field
of costume design call for creative skills and
powers of imagination. It is advantageous
for students to hold a vocational qualification as a tailor. Degree programmes in
directing deal with the scenic interpretation
of speech/music, theatre, film, TV and radio
material. Extensive organisational responsibilities also fall on the director, such as the
development of production concepts, direction of rehearsals and work/coaching with
actors. The director works together with all
involved in a production, from stage and
lighting technicians, administrative staff via
set and costume designers and make-up artists to playwrights and performers, assistant
directors.
to organise their studies and there are no

uniform study regulations. It is important
for students to have a thorough knowledge
of literary history and comparative literary
studies. Theatre studies students should
also have a good knowledge of foreign languages. They additionally attend lectures
and seminar courses on special theatre
studies subjects.
82

Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin UdK Berlin-Weiensee KHB Bochum U Dresden HfBK
Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt am Main HfMDK Frankfurt am Main U Gieen U
Hamburg HfBK Hamburg HfMT Hildesheim U Karlsruhe HfGest Leipzig HfMT
Leipzig U Ludwigsburg ADK Mainz U Mnchen AkdBK Mnchen HfMT Mnchen U
Osnabrck FH (Lingen/Ems) Potsdam-Babelsberg HFF Stuttgart AkdBK
3.5
German Studies
Study Field Outline

German language and literature are the
main elements of German studies from a
linguistics and a literary and cultural studies perspective. German studies not only
covers sources and examples of modern
language (since 1500, Modern German
Studies), but also earlier forms (Gothic,
Old High German, Middle High German,
Old German Studies) and so-called
minor Germanic languages (e.g. Dutch,
Danish, Norwegian, Swedish). The latter
area also has its own special studies in
degree programmes like Nordic studies
and Scandinavian studies. An emphasis
on linguistic elements leads to systematic
study of the phonetics, morphology, syntax
and semantics of a language.
The term literary studies encompasses the
various branches involving the academic
treatment of literary texts. The field of general literary studies sees itself as an aesthetic discipline. It is concerned with theories on the interpretation, identification
and cataloguing of general structures of
literature, including thematic and formal
categories of all literatures. Interpretation
includes study of the meaning and effect

of literary works, leads to general insights
into literature as such and illuminates
concrete historical backgrounds. Poetics
examines individual literary works on the
basis of specifically-given individual works
of poetry, in search of general and literary insights and knowledge, inquires into
the functions of literature, discusses and
observes literary theories. Topics from the
field of literary history cover the historical
development and contexts of literature in
respect of national literatures and international, global literature, examining individual periods (e.g. realism, classical period)
or genres (e.g. epic poetry). Besides a
chronological presentation of factual
information, literary history also generally
seeks to evaluate the subject matter of the
writing, and then arranges this within a
greater ideological and theoretical frame
of reference.
Medieval studies specifically examines
German language and literature from its
beginnings in the 8th century through to
the end of the Middle Ages. Comparative
literary studies have a pronounced international character and involve examination
of the literatures of various countries or

cultural regions on the basis of generic
aspects. Divergent views on historical,
philosophical, aesthetic, sociological and
literary theory have made discussion in
this field increasingly controversial.
German studies programmes aim to provide a thorough knowledge of the development of the German language and the key
trends in German literature.
Basic study stage: The course is made
up of lectures, exercises and seminars on

the content and methods of the relevant
branches of German studies; constant
reading is required. Successful participation in a certain number of introductory
seminars is a requirement for later admission to the advanced seminars and graduate classes.
Main study stage: Core study areas and
specialisations can be set in the field of
language/linguistics and literature. Both
branches can be chosen as independent
degree programmes at some universities.
Depending on the programme in question, branches of German studies have to
be studied with various degrees of intensity.
In Magister degree courses, students

choose a branch of German studies as a
major plus, in most cases, two minors.
Students of Bachelors programmes not
only have to study a core German studies
subject, but also, in most cases, a complementary academic subject or a minor from
the field of cultural and social sciences.

Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU
Bielefeld U Bochum U Bonn U
Braunschweig TU Bremen U
Chemnitz TU Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU
Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen)
Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U
(Eichsttt) Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U
(Erlangen) Flensburg U Frankfurt am
Main U Freiburg U Gieen U
Gttingen U Greifswald U HalleWittenberg U Hamburg U Hannover U
Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Jena U
Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel U KoblenzLandau U Kln U Konstanz U
Leipzig U Lneburg U Magdeburg U
Mainz U Mannheim U Marburg U
Mnchen U Mnster U Oldenburg U
Osnabrck U Paderborn U Passau U
Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U
Saarbrcken U Stuttgart U Trier U
Tbingen U Vechta H Wuppertal U
Wrzburg U
84
3.6
History
Study Field Outline

History researches the development of
humans as social, active beings; it attempts
to reconstruct and interpret past events on
the basis of reliable historical sources.
Based on handed-down sources, history is
divided into individual branches. Ancient
history is closely related to classical philology, oriental studies and archaeology.
Medieval history is primarily dependent
on the study of manuscripts. Important
related and complementary subjects in
this field include art and church history,
medieval Latin philology plus a range of
historical auxiliary subjects (see below).
Modern history begins with the study of
printed sources from the early 16th century. As from 1789, we speak of recent
history and as of 1917 of contemporary
history, which for its part is closely related
to political science.
These traditional divisions into ancient
history, medieval history, modern history
have evolved into individual disciplines
such as Egyptology or Byzantine studies,
(history and culture of the Eastern Roman
Empire), or have been allocated to other
fields (church and religious history, literary and art history, history of medicine,
history of the natural sciences, history of
law and constitution). Hence, for example,
the history of China or Japan became a
part of independent subjects (Sinology/
Chinese studies, Japanese studies/Japanology). In response to industrialisation,
areas developed such as economic and
social history as well as the history of engineering and technology. The study of individual regions and areas led to subjects
like regional, national, urban/municipal
and population/demographic history
developing.
In addition, other independent subjects
evolved, such as ethnology, which deals
with the cultural and social structure
of the so-called primitive cultures and
civilisations. Ancient American studies represent a sub-branch of ethnology,
whose topics cover the highly-developed
pre-Columbian Indian cultures of America
and their successors. The fields of pre
and early history examine artefacts found
in or on the ground/territory of those
civilisations for which we have no written
sources. Studies above all have to use the
methods and procedures of archaeology
(the study of human antiquities), which is
concerned with the material legacy of the
ancient oriental, Greco-Roman, biblical
and early Christian cultures. Folklore studies (European ethnology) restricts itself to
the study and interpretation of folk culture, above all in German and European
regions.
Auxiliary historical sciences include palaeography (study of writing), diplomatics
(study of the authenticity of documents
and manuscripts), chronology (study of
time measurement), genealogy (study of
family pedigrees), sphragistics (study of
seals and signets), numismatics (study of
coins), heraldry (study of coats-of-arms),
plus sociology, economics and statistics.
Not every university offers all these disciplines or branches, which is why curricula
vary quite substantially. Normally, the core
subjects of ancient history, mediaeval history and modern history are offered everywhere. Political, cultural, sociological,
psychological and economic contexts of
history are also taken into consideration.
The diversity of historical approaches and
the locational bias inherent in historical
sources calls for historians to be good at
analysing a variety questions and interpretations from various perspectives.
To be able to study history successfully,

students must have a basic knowledge
of the historical periods and an adequate
insight into the facts and circumstances of
other important events. Foreign language
skills in Latin, French and English are
expected. Latin is needed for the reception of ancient and medieval texts, while
French and English are required as the
international languages of archives and
science.
Basic study stage: Acquisition of a gen-

Berlin TU Bielefeld U Bochum U
Bonn U Braunschweig TU Bremen
Jacobs University Bremen U
Chemnitz TU Darmstadt TU Dresden TU
Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Dsseldorf U
Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt)
Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen)
Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main U
Frankfurt (Oder) U Freiberg TUBergAk
Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U
Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg U Hamburg UBw Hannover U
Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Jena U
Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel U
Koblenz-Landau U Kln U Konstanz U
Leipzig U Magdeburg U Mainz U
Mannheim U Marburg U Mnchen U
Mnster U Oldenburg U Osnabrck U
Paderborn U Potsdam U Regensburg U
Rostock U Saarbrcken U Siegen U
Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U
Vechta H Wuppertal U Wrzburg U
eral overview of the various historical

fields and historical methodology of scientific research work, courses to catch up
with the required foreign language skills,
lectures and special basic courses, introductory seminar courses, exercises and (at
some institutions) fact courses.
Main study stage: Independent scientific
work (research) and specialisation (core
study areas), special lectures and special
foundation courses, advanced seminars
and graduate classes, plus excursions and
field trips.
86
3.7
Interior Design
Study Field Outline

In terms of substance and methods, interior design lies somewhere between architecture, facility engineering and design.
Interior design is responsible for the creative, architectural, technical, economic,
ecological and social planning/design
of interior spaces and for the associated
structural changes to buildings. This typically includes activities to determine the
heating requirements, to solve insulation
problems, to decide on suitable facility
and domestic installations and lighting
options. Furniture design may also be
a responsibility of interior designers.
Neighbouring disciplines include urban
planning, urban development and modern
infrastructure planning.
Studies at Art Colleges and Universities of Applied Sciences

during the studies.
Studies: Modules deliver the creative
design and technical principles of interior

design and furniture making. Topics like
projective geometry, theory of space, principles of design and conception, interior
structural design and materials, building technology, facility engineering and
The 3-year Bachelors programme creates

a basis for the subsequent 2-year postgraduate Masters programmes. Together with
a generally 2-year phase of professional
practical training this qualifies graduates
for entry into the Register of Architects
and entitles them to use the professional
title of Interior Designer. The study of
interior design is additionally offered in
the form of 8-semester Bachelors programmes. Together with the professional
practical training, a degree from such
programmes also qualifies graduates in
accordance with the EU architects directive.
building physics, principles of furniture

development and of ergonomics, lighting
design, history or art and architecture,
theory of architecture, homes and health,
building law and project management,
including complementary modules on
foreign languages and presentation techniques. Students can individually set their
own core study areas and specialisations
through project assignments and optional
modules.
main study stage at some institutions.

Coburg HS Darmstadt HS Dsseldorf FH Halle HfKuD Hamburg AMD Hannover FH
Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) Kaiserslautern FH Kiel KH Lippe und
Hxter FH (Detmold) Mainz FH Mnchen AkdBK Rosenheim FH Stuttgart HFT Trier FH
(Trier) Wiesbaden FH Wismar HS
3.8
Jewish Studies, Judaic Studies
Study Field Outline

Degree programmes in Jewish studies/
Judaic studies teach and research the more
than 3000-year history of religion and culture of the Jewish people in the Orient and
the Occident. Jewish religious and cultural
history is not to be understood as a passive
object of external influences, but rather
as an active part of the general culture.
A knowledge of the languages, of which
Hebrew stands out, forms the basis for the
Studies at Universities and other

Higher Education Institutions
Studies: Language training (with exams in
Hebrew (Hebraicum), optionally in Aramaic (Aramaicum), Yiddish (Yiddicum)

and in Jewish Spanish (Judenspanisch)),
courses on the Bible and Jewish interpretation of the Bible; rabbinical literature,
halacha and liturgy; Jewish philosophy
and intellectual history: Hebrew linguistics and literature; history of the Jewish
people; German-Jewish literature and
culture, Yiddish language and literature.
In addition, the college offers complemen-
examination and discussion of the Jewish

religious and cultural history of all times.
The subjects Jewish studies/Judaic studies
tie up with the tradition of the science of
Judaism which developed as an independent discipline in the 19th century. All
degree programmes are open to applicants
of all religious denominations. However,
the associated training programmes for
rabbis, cantors and religious educators are
an exception to this.
tary subjects like Jewish art. Bachelors

programmes differ in structure from one
institution to the next. Detailed information can be found on the websites of the
established institutes in Germany.

Berlin FU Dsseldorf U Frankfurt am
Main U Freiburg U Halle-Wittenberg U
Heidelberg HJS Kln U Mnchen U
Potsdam U Tbingen U
88
3.9
Library Administration, Archive

Administration, Documentation
Study Field Outline
Documentation
Library administration
Documentation is understood as the process of procuring and cataloguing, organising and storing documents on specific
topics (hand or machine written, printed
or drawn or embossed, stored on tape or
other electromagnetic storage media) as
well as procedures for providing information from or on the prepared documents,
including use of relevant equipment.
Documentation officers (Diplom-Dokumentar/in) are trained at universities of
applied sciences.
The study of library administration deals

with academic and scientific libraries
(primarily university libraries, national
and regional state libraries, special libraries in business and industry, research
and administration) plus public libraries
(above all local libraries). Librarians working in higher civil service administrative
positions must hold a university degree.
Their work involves executive management and supervision as well responsibility for library stock development and for
its scientific cataloguing.
Holders of a Diplom degree in library
administration (Diplom-Bibliothekar/in)
are sought for executive civil service
positions in academic, scientific and
public libraries. Training for these
positions is primarily provided by the
university of applied sciences sector. In
some federal states (Lnder), applicants
must hold the Abitur school-leaving
qualification or equivalent to qualify for
admission to higher education in this
field. Graduate librarians are responsible for the procurement, presentation,
cataloguing and user services. See also
scientific libraries and documentation
centres. The administrative-own training
for executive civil service positions at scientific libraries is only required in Bavaria
(Munich) today.
Archive administration
Archives collect certain written, image,
sound and film documents, maps, plans
and other information media that are no
longer required in the everyday operations of public and church authorities,
businesses and companies, radio and TV
stations or individuals, but which must
be preserved for legal or historical reasons. This archive information must be
organised and inventoried in such a way
that it remains accessible at any time for
administrative or research purposes or to
the general public (e.g. exhibitions). The
advancing digitisation increasingly calls
for skills and competencies in the fields
of data migration, databases and internet
publications.
Information management,
information studies
of library software and specific computeraided processes is important.
Novel information technologies, ever

more specific customer wishes, as well
as the transition to a globalised information and knowledge society place greater
requirements on the acquisition, selection, processing, transmission and presentation of information from all fields of
human knowledge. And so, for example,
information managers and IT specialists design Internet-based customerfriendly database applications, develop
information systems, conceive electronic
marketplaces, online shops and other
e-Commerce solutions and work on the
management of information and knowledge within companies and organisations.
An interdisciplinary perspective plays a
central role in this respect through the
integration of IT, legal and economic
methods, theories and tools.
A library career in the higher service can

be achieved via all programmes leading
to the following degrees: Staatsexamen,
Magister, Diplom. Although a doctorate
is not required, with the exception of the
Rhineland-Palatinate, it is often desired.
The training for higher service positions is
currently being reformed. Only in Bavaria
is the traditional training via professional
practical training / internships together
with two-years of specialist library training still offered. The other federal states
send employed trainees to Munich for
their specialist theoretical training, or the
applicants are employed as academic
volunteers who take a career-integrated
distance studies programme at the Humboldt University Berlin. Furthermore, a
postgraduate course in Library and Information Science is offered at the Cologne
University of Applied Science that ends
with a Masters degree and prepares
graduates for positions in libraries and
information management institutions at
home and abroad.
Digital databases are important tools for

recording, classifying, administrating and
cataloguing documents and information.
Hence, a confident knowledge in the use

Practical experience/internships: 4 to 13
months.
Library administration
library management, library buildings and

technology, user advice and information
systems and services, bibliography, cataloguing and classification theory, information systems and IT, library services,
media and information cataloguing, information retrieval, library history, statistics,
specialist career fields for librarians.
Studies and specialist training: Publica-
tion studies, structure and divisions of

libraries, media and the media market,
90
Documentation
Information management,
information studies
Studies: Business administration and
management, media and information procurement, database development, knowledge engineering, information retrieval
and specialist information, project and
knowledge management, digital publications. In the field of medical documentation, techniques of data structuring, data
processes and statistical data analysis
along with specialist knowledge of biology
and medicine represent further core training areas.
Archive administration
Studies: The University of Applied Sci-
ences Potsdam is currently the only

higher education institution in Germany
to offer a degree programme leading to a
Diplomarchivar/in (FH) degree outside
the otherwise administration-own internal
training system for archivists. It includes,
among other aspects, archive science,
archive management, archive typology,
acquisition with assessment theory,
records management with electronic
records and database-aided cataloguing
methods, plus basic historical sciences
and palaeography, legal and business
aspects, historical education work, PR
work, English. Choice of a complementary
subject area.
Studies: Business administration/management, computer science and information systems, mathematics, knowledge
management, operational research, information systems/information reception,
law, information ethics, communication
and media, information design, social and
psychological functions of communication, information linguistics, information
networks/information databases, specialist
information, public information services,
information management, marketing and
quality management.

Berlin FHTW Berlin HU Darmstadt HS
(Dieburg) Dsseldorf U ErlangenNrnberg U (Erlangen) Hamburg HAW
Hannover FH Karlsruhe U Kln FH
Leipzig HTWK Oldenburg U Potsdam FH
Regensburg U Stuttgart HdM Ulm HS
3.10 Linguistic and Speech Sciences, including

Phonetics, Linguistics and Rhetoric
Study Field Outline
German universities offer courses in
linguistics either in the form of historicalcomparative studies or as general linguistics; in addition, the study of linguistics
is taught within the scope of individual
philologies. Studies in speech sciences,
phonetics, or rhetoric deal with the educational and communication-theoretical
as well as, in some cases, with logopaedic
(speech therapy) aspects of speech.
Historical-comparative linguistic studies
essentially have two core research areas.
The first treats the comparative study of
languages of the Indo-European (formerly
Indo-Germanic) family, including nearly
all European and several oriental and Asian
languages. Studies research and compare
the older language levels as well as more
recent or related developments. On the
other hand, historical-comparative linguistics is concerned with the reconstruction
and correction of incomplete or faulty
handed down texts that serve as sources
for other disciplines. This is why close
contacts exist with many other subjects
that depend on such texts. In both cases,
the student must be interested in learning
ancient and modern languages of the IndoEuropean and other language groups.
General linguistic studies mainly research
and are concerned with modern languages
as fundamental structures of human
existence and society as well as subjecting
given language systems to phonological,
morphological, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and text-critical analysis. Key methods and disciplines include structuralism
and semiotics, generative transformational grammar, structural and generative
semantics, text linguistics, language content analysis and communication research,
with a focus on inter-human communication. Special research areas have developed in fields such as psycholinguistics
(study of language acquisition, language
and thought), sociolinguistics (study of the
language of various social strata), pragmalinguistics (study of the effect of language
in various spheres of life).
Computer linguistics (linguistic data
processing, electronic language processing, etc.) deals with the processing of
natural language in computer systems.
It shares working areas with linguistics,
computer science and information science/technology.
The still relatively young scientific
research field of text technology deals,
inter alia, with the technological processing and information enhancement of texts.
Courses teach methods of text description
and processing that facilitate the presentation of texts in various media, the machine
processing of texts and the hypertextual
or hypermedia presentation of texts. The
simplified retrieval and usage or archiving
of texts is also a study area in this field.
Speech science, rhetoric, and phonetics
study the conditions of human communi-
92
cation from the perspective of spoken expression, i.e. are centrally concerned with
human speech and hearing. Depending on
the specialist focus of the respective degree
programmes, instrumental measurement
methods including the use of computers
(phonetics), speech education or rhetorical communication will play an important
role. Speech education develops adequate
methods of breathing, voice formation and
pronunciation/articulation for people who
mainly work with their voice under stress
conditions (professionals, such as teachers)
to prevent functional impairments of the
speech organs and/or to train speech-art
skills, e.g. in the field of performing arts.
Rhetoric promotes communication skills
by expanding the conversation and speech
skills, while pathological-therapeutic
aspects of speech sciences deal with voice
disorders and similar impairments.
eign language lessons/the art and science

of teaching).
Language teaching research deals with the

conditions and opportunities of learning
and teaching foreign languages as well as
how these are used in communication.
This is an empirical and interdisciplinary
subject that combines theory-learning
interests with practical objectives (e.g. the
didactic-methodological conception of for-
Some higher education institutions not

only offer students opportunities for studying another major, but also allow them
to gain the speech training qualification
offered by the German Society of Speech
Science and Speech Training (Deutsche
Gesellschaft fr Sprechwissenschaft und
Sprecherziehung DGSS).

of Music
Full studies: Historical-comparative linguistics and general linguistics can be

chosen as major or minor subjects, as can
most of the speech sciences, rhetoric and
phonetics programmes. In the course of
their studies, students develop focus areas
within the above-mentioned fields, which
will differ greatly from one institution to
the next depending on the subjects offered
by their respective institution.
Studies: Core areas: Introductory lectures
and exercises in general linguistics as

well as basic concepts and methods in the
main study stage of a linguistic-philological degree programme.
Linguistics and speech sciences have

close links with respective neighbouring
disciplines, such as education, anthropology, ethnology, logic, philosophy, computer science, psychology as well as with
therapy-focused degree programmes. As
a rule, students must have a knowledge of
several foreign languages of which at least
two are living languages, plus an adequate
knowledge of Latin. Since the beginning of
the 19th century, and particularly in recent
decades, study of the Indo-Germanic (now
Indo-European) languages and general
linguistics has produced fundamental
insights for studies in the individual philologies and has also led to decisive changes
in the didactic-methodological conception
of German and foreign language teaching.

Aachen TH Augsburg U Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin TU Bielefeld U Bochum U
Bonn U Bremen U Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU Dresden TU Dsseldorf U EichstttIngolstadt U (Eichsttt) Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt am Main U
Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U
Hannover U Heidelberg U Jena U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U (Landau) Kln FH Kln U
Konstanz U Leipzig U Mainz U Marburg U Mnchen SDI Mnchen U Mnster U
Paderborn U Passau U Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U Saarbrcken U
Siegen U Stuttgart HfM Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U Wrzburg U
3.11 Media
Study Field Outline
Since the 1980s, the media have been
seen as a growth industry that clearly
offers career fields for the future. In particular, the leaps and bounds taken in
the development of computer technology
together with the range of new telecommunications opportunities, the increase in
private TV and radio channels, in particular, and the advance of audio-visual media
and the computer (PC) have substantially
changed the living and working world.
The development of information technology and electronic media has also created
completely new forms of media and styles.
conceivable and actual occupational/career

fields. Besides the partly longer-standing
media programmes offered in journalism, in communication studies, in print
and media engineering, film/TV, design,
especially communication design/visual
communication and photo/film design,
the practice relevant principles of information technology and its subject-related
application are increasingly being taught.
In addition, new degree programmes and
subjects have evolved, such as media management, media business and economics,
media information systems, game design,
or virtual design.
However, it is difficult to clearly define

the term media. This difficulty is plainly
expressed in the diversity of new forms
of training and study and the variety of
94
Studies at Universities, Colleges of

Music/Art/Film and Universities of
Applied Sciences
Admissions requirements: Some higher
education institutions require proof of

specific degree-course related aptitude; the
higher education institutions have developed their own tests to determine this.
Studies: Studies are either completed

in independent degree programmes or
subjects or as a core study area or specialisation within an overarching degree
programme, above all, in universities of
applied sciences programmes in design,
and similarly at art colleges and universities. Over and above this, courses can
also be found in specific teacher training
programmes and in education, e.g. media
education.

Aachen FH Amberg-Weiden FH (Amberg) Ansbach FH Augsburg FH Augsburg U
Bayreuth U Berlin IBS Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin MDH (Berlin, Dsseldorf, Mnchen)
Berlin TFH Berlin TU Berlin UdK Bielefeld FH Bielefeld FHM Bielefeld U
Bochum HS Bochum U Bonn U Brandenburg FH Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH
(Salzgitter) Braunschweig HBK Braunschweig TU Bremen HfK Bremen HS Bremen
Jacobs University Bremen U Bremerhaven H Bruchsal IU Calw HS Chemnitz TU
Cottbus TU Darmstadt HS Dortmund FH Dortmund ISM (Dortmund, Frankfurt am Main)
Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) Dsseldorf FH Dsseldorf U ErlangenNrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt (Oder) U Frankfurt am Main HfBK Frankfurt am Main U
Freiburg U Friedrichshafen ZU Furtwangen HS Halle HfKuD Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg HAW Hamburg HfBK Hamburg HfMT Hamburg HSBA Hamburg U
Hannover FH Hannover HMT Hildesheim U Hof FH Idstein EFF Ilmenau TU
Iserlohn BiTS Kaiserslautern FH Karlsruhe HfGest Kassel U Kiel FH Kln DSHS
Kln EFF Kln KuHMedien Kln RheinFH Kln U Konstanz U Leipzig HGB
Leipzig HTWK Lippe und Hxter FH (Lemgo) Lbeck FH Lbeck U Ludwigsburg FABW
Magdeburg U Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) Mainz FH Mainz U Mannheim PopAkad.BW Mannheim U Marburg U Merseburg FH Mittweida HS Mnchen AkdBK
Mnchen HFF Mnchen MFM Mnchen U Mnster KuAk Mnster U Neu-Ulm FH
Offenburg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Wilhelmshaven) Oldenburg U
Osnabrck FH (Lingen/Ems) Paderborn U Passau U Potsdam U Potsdam UMC
Potsdam-Babelsberg HFF Regensburg U Reutlingen HS Saar HBK (Saarbrcken)
Schwbisch Gmnd HfGestaltung Schwbisch Hall FH Siegen U Stuttgart AkdBK
Stuttgart HdM Trier U Tbingen U Ulm HS Weimar U Weingarten PH
Wiesbaden FH Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Wrzburg)
3.12 Media Studies, Journalism

Study Field Outline
The study of journalism and media studies
covers all the aspects involved in processing and disseminating news and information via various media, like newspapers,
magazines, television, radio, film, news
agencies, and the press and information
units of government authorities, political parties, associations and companies.
However, there is no formally prescribed
or uniformly defined professional training for this very wide range of activities.
Besides mastery of spoken and written
German, aspiring journalists must have
an interest in establishing contacts with
people from many different walks of life,
must be thorough and accurate, and must
have the ability to present complex facts
and contexts in a generally understandable
manner. A knowledge of the electronic
media and of information and computer
technology is important.
Various routes are available to a career in
journalism and media fields. One involves
a voluntary traineeship (Volontariat)
of between one and two years without
any previous higher education studies
(meanwhile relatively rare). Studying at a
school of journalism is another possible
route. However, the most frequently taken
path involves a combination of studying
a relevant subject at a higher education
institution followed by a voluntary traineeship (Volontariat). No recommendations
can be given on which subjects to take,
since various subject groups are possible,
depending on the career goal and field of
work. In some cases, postgraduate studies in journalism may be meaningful for

students who have graduated in (an)other
subject(s).
Some institutions offer independent
degree programmes in journalism under
a range of different titles that combine
theoretical disciplines and career-focused
(practical) journalistic studies within a single programme. Admission to such programmes is decided through a selection
procedure. Specifically, such programmes
are journalism (major, minor or core study
area/specialisation programmes), media
studies and communication studies. The
latter examines the communication process in all its functions and effects, as well
as the structure of the mass media, how
they affect public opinion, or how journalists work and see themselves and their
role. The dividing lines between these programmes have not yet been clearly defined
and are still in flux. Journalism tends to
be more practical, while media studies
and communication studies have a greater
theoretical orientation. Some universities
have recently started offering programmes
in technical writing/editing and online
journalism.
96

of Music/Art and Universities of
Applied Sciences
Practical experience/internships: Between
6 weeks and 6 months.

Basic study stage: Principles of social
sciences and communication studies,
the working methods and techniques of
journalism and media studies, as well as
media competence. Depending on the
programme in question, the specialist
fields of study will vary greatly, covering
areas like literary studies, political science,
economics and business administration, history, art history. As the studies
progress, practical semesters and media
work placements or internships lasting
several months are added in collaboration
with schools of journalism and media
companies.

Aachen TH Aalen HS Bamberg U
Berlin FHTW Berlin FU Berlin UdK
Bielefeld FHM Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Sankt
Augustin) Bremen HS Chemnitz TU
Darmstadt HS (Dieburg) Dortmund TU
Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) EichstttIngolstadt U (Eichsttt) Erfurt U
Frankfurt am Main HfMDK Freiburg U
Friedrichshafen ZU Gelsenkirchen FH
(Gelsenkirchen) Gieen U Greifswald U
Hamburg U Hannover FH Hildesheim U
Hohenheim U (Stuttgart) Iserlohn BiTS
Jena U Karlsruhe HfM Karlsruhe HS
Kln FH Leipzig U Magdeburg-Stendal
FH (Magdeburg) Mainz U Merseburg FH
Mnchen HFF Mnchen MFM
Mnchen SDI Mnchen U Mnster U
Nrnberg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /
Wilhelmshaven FH (Wilhelmshaven)
Osnabrck FH (Lingen/Ems) WeilheimBierbronnen GSA (Weilheim)
Main study stage: Specialisation and

consolidation of the theoretical knowledge
and practical experience and skills.
3.13 Music, Performing Arts

Study Field Outline
The colleges of art and music, and, in
some cases, traditional universities and
universities of education, offer a wide
range of study opportunities in the field of
music. The education and training aims to
qualify students with the skills, knowledge
and methods that they need for a career in
art or music education. The mains fields
of study include instrumental music (solo,

orchestra, chamber music), church music,
song (solo, choir), conducting (choir and
orchestra conducting), music coaching,
composition, with programmes offered in
instrumental and vocal music, as well as
classical music-orientated programmes,
and programmes that focus on jazz/
pop/rock. Moreover, some institutions
offer programmes in sound engineering
(ending with a Tonmeister/in or Toningenieur/in degree), which prepares students for positions of responsibility in the
direction and realisation of sound recordings as well as TV and radio broadcasting,
in the theatre and in other media areas.
Besides the traditional programmes that
are currently experiencing major change
and reform, above all as a result of the new
media, other programmes are also being
offered now, such as in general music
education or in rhythmics, which combine
aspects of music and movement education.
Programmes leading to a teaching qualification for positions at general education
schools also represent part of the higher
education institution remit. Besides
these institutions, music academies and
conservatoires train teachers for music
schools as well as freelance music teachers. The state and church colleges of
music also provide programmes in church
music leading to qualification with the socalled B and A examinations.
To qualify for admission to the study of
music, applicants must prove their artistic ability/aptitude for the programme in
question. The colleges hold aptitude tests
to determine an applicants qualification.
The colleges above all expect students
to have a good potential singing and
speaking voice, mastery of a main and a
secondary instrument, a good ear and a
foundation in general music theory and
harmony. Applicants who can prove outstanding musical talent can as long as
the programme in question is not one that
leads to the First State Examination (Erste
Staatsprfung) for a teaching qualification
(Lehramt) be exempted from having to

hold a higher education entrance qualification. In some cases, special provisions will
apply to the training of freelance music
teachers.
The study of performing arts includes
musicals, dance/choreography, drama,
directing, pantomime.
Musical performers unite the fields of
song, dance and acting in their art. Besides
having a good potential singing voice, a
pronounced sense of musicality, and good
basic musical background/training, they
should also, much as the students of dance
and drama, have performing/acting skills
and a robust physical constitution.
Stage dancers conceive, reproduce and
interpret classical and modern dance roles
in ballet and musical productions as well
as within the scope of dance scenes in
operas and operettas. Choreographers are
responsible for developing and adapting
dance performances and dance scenes.
In order to be able to exclusively depict
human experience and ideas, characters
and actions by means of dance, movement, gestures and facial expression alone,
students need dance skills, an artistic
sensitivity, expressive and conceptional
skills, an outstanding physical constitution and fitness. The training is provided
at colleges of music, in the non-university
sector at private, municipal and private
ballet schools. Training as a stage dancer
or musical performer is not subject to any
legally-defined formal educational qualifications, although early dance training is
expected.
98
Actors aim to use the instruments of

speech, facial expression and gesture on
the stage, as well as in film, radio and TV,
to use interpretations to bring the role
specified by the text and the director to
life; in most cases, this is done within an
ensemble. Stage design and props, costumes and make-up provide the external
framework. An interest in literature and,
in particular, a good memory for texts are
important requirements for successful
studies and training, just as are the ability to understand the role and at the same
time to give it vivid and individual expression. The training lasts at least three years
and is provided by colleges of music and
drama, as well as state and private drama
schools. Graduates who have an artistic
focus and who hold a Diplom degree
in elocution/speech training qualify as
experts in the field of aesthetic communication for reciting literary works in a
manner appropriate to the text and situation and for working with the methods of
artistic performance.
To qualify for admission to higher education, applicants must hold a higher education entrance qualification and must pass

of Music/Art and Universities of
Applied Sciences
Music
Studies: The initial focus is on exercises
in singing, enunciation, articulation and

expression, instrumental play, composition, music theory, music history, instru-
an aptitude test. Applicants who can prove

outstanding artistic talent/aptitude may be
exempted from having to hold the higher
education entrance qualification.
The study of dramatic art as a part of
a teacher training programme aims to
qualify teachers in the use of the medium
of artistic self-expression (movement, gesture, music, facial expression, dance, etc.)
in a didactic methodological manner (art
and science of teaching a subject) in the
classroom and to systematically introduce
children and youths to the art of verbal
and non-verbal self-expression and presentation. At the same time, this provides an
opportunity to identify and promote acting
talent at an early stage at school.
Overall responsibility for a performance
lies with the director. The study of directing can be taken at colleges of art, music,
film or TV; specialisation in music, drama,
film and TV directing is possible. Over
and above this, courses in dramaturgy (art
of dramatic composition) and playwriting
are offered as independent degree programmes.
ment studies, choir and orchestra performance and orchestra conducting; later
studies focus on the selected instrument
or on singing. Programmes leading to a
teaching degree generally include study
of a second subject or of minor subject(s),
plus courses in art practice, musicology,
education and music teaching didactics
and methodology. Music teachers are
expected to be able to pass on their inter-
est in music to pupils along with a sense

of musical judgment. Training as a church
musician covers organ and choir direction
courses plus a series of minors in art practice and theory.
Performing Arts
Studies: This generally covers breathing
and breath control, voice, speaking, body,
movement, dance, ballet, singing, acting,
performance, theory, education. Courses
are partly taught individually or in groups.

Alanus HS (Alfter) Augsburg U Bamberg U Bayreuth HfKiM Bayreuth U Berlin FU
Berlin HfM Berlin HfS Berlin UdK Bielefeld U Braunschweig HBK Braunschweig TU
Bremen HfK Detmold HfM (Detmold, Dortmund, Mnster) Dortmund TU Dresden HfKiM
Dresden HfM Dresden Palucca Schule HS fr Tanz Dsseldorf HfM Erfurt U Essen HfM
(Bochum, Duisburg, Essen) Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main HfMDK Frankfurt am Main U
Freiburg HfM Gieen U Grlitz HfKiM Greifswald U Halle HfKiM Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg HfMT Hannover HMT Heidelberg HfKiM Herford HfKiM Hildesheim U
Karlsruhe HfM Koblenz-Landau U (Koblenz) Kln HfM (Aachen, Kln, Wuppertal) Lausitz
FH (Cottbus) Leipzig HfMT Lbeck HfM Ludwigsburg ADK Ludwigsburg FABW
Lneburg U Mainz U Mannheim HfM Mannheim Pop-Akad.BW Mnchen HfMT
Mnchen U Mnster U Nrnberg-Augsburg HfM Oldenburg U Osnabrck FH
Osnabrck U Potsdam U Potsdam-Babelsberg HFF Regensburg HfKM Rostock HMT
Rottenburg HfKi Saar HfM (Saarbrcken) Stuttgart HfM Trossingen HfM
Tbingen HfKiM Vechta H Weimar HfM Wuppertal U Wrzburg HfM Wrzburg U
3.14 Musicology
Study Field Outline
In contrast to programmes in music practice and music education, musicology is
primarily concerned with the theoretical
and historical aspects of music. Its branches are music history (historical musicology), systematic musicology and musical
folklore and ethnology (ethnomusicology).
The history of music, which forms the
core of the study of musicology, examines
the development of music from ancient
times to the present. It covers the life and

work of famous musicians, the development of musical styles, and discusses the
individual musical forms and historical
periods. Systematic musicology covers the
physical, physiological, psychological and
sociological aspects of music: music psychology including music therapy, music
sociology, music theory and the development of tonal systems and musical instruments (theory of musical instruments).
Ethnomusicology researches European
100 Degree Courses at German Universities
folk music and those cultures and civilisations in which music was largely handed
down in oral traditions (music of primitive
culture and civilisations, tribal peoples).
Studies aim to provide students with the
qualifications needed for differentially
recognising, describing and analysing the
diversity of musical phenomena, and for
classifying these critically in the appropriate cultural, social and historical contexts
of their age and ours. Hence, useful minor
and complementary subjects include history, literary studies, book studies, art history, sociology, ethnology, psychology.

of Music
Basic study stage: Introduction to the
methods, working techniques and core

problems of musicology in general lectures, introductory exercises and introductory seminars.
Main study stage: Extension and consolidation of the knowledge and skills gained
in the basic study stage and specialisation
in one of the three major branches of
musicology: history of music, systematic
musicology or ethnomusicology in accordance with the students interests and
career goal. The reception of academic
literature and independent research work
account for the greatest proportion of this
stage. Students also attend special lectures
and advanced seminars.
To qualify for admission to musicology

programmes, students must have a good
and trained ear and, where possible, be
able to play a musical instrument, preferably the piano, for rendering musical
scores. They should at least have a basic
knowledge of musical theory and harmony
and be familiar with the main periods
and lines of development in the history of
music. At the start of the studies, institutions offer exercises in music theory to
help students acquire and consolidate
their basic knowledge.

Bonn U Bremen U Dresden TU
Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U
(Eichsttt) Frankfurt am Main U
Hamburg U Heidelberg U Hildesheim U
Jena U Karlsruhe HfM Kiel U KoblenzLandau U Kln U Leipzig U Mainz U
Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Paderborn U
Potsdam U Regensburg U
Saarbrcken U Tbingen U
Weimar HfM Wrzburg U
3.15 Philology, Classical

Study Field Outline
Classical philology is divided into Greek
philology and Latin philology. Their
research focuses, respectively, on the written forms of classical Greek or Roman
culture as foundations of our culture. Both
subjects are offered, above all, at traditional universities. Important and meaningful auxiliary and minor subjects include
ancient history, classical archaeology,
religious studies, art history, philosophy,
linguistics and ancient/classical studies.
The study of medieval philology, which
is concerned with Latin language and lit-
Basic study stage: Consolidation and
extension of the language skills gained
at grammar school, translation and style
exercises, text interpretation, acquisition of
academic/scientific research methods.
erature in the European Middle Ages, is

closely related to classical philology.
To qualify for admission to studies, applicants must have a good knowledge of
Latin and Greek, and also a knowledge of
English, French and Italian for the study
of secondary literature. Due to the close
ties between Latin and Greek literature
and intellectual history, students of Latin
philology must demonstrate a knowledge
of Greek by taking the Graecum language
test and, vice versa, students of Greek philology a knowledge of Latin by taking the
Latinum before or during their studies,
depending on the institution in question.
(art and science of teaching). Emphasis

throughout the studies is placed on reading the major classical authors in the original as well as relevant secondary literature
and commentaries.

Main study stage: Consolidation and
extension of the knowledge of language

and above all linguistic aspects, improvement of independent philological-academic interpretation, critical analysis and
studies of basic problems of philology and
the current state of research. Travel to the
countries and regions of ancient civilisations to extend regional knowledge and
skills. Prospective teachers additionally
study education and specialist didactics
and methodology in both study stages
Augsburg U Bamberg U Berlin FU

Berlin HU Bochum U Bonn U
Dresden TU Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U
(Eichsttt) Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen)
Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U
Gieen U Gttingen U HalleWittenberg U Hamburg U Heidelberg U
Jena U Kiel U Kln U Leipzig U
Mainz U Marburg U Mnchen U
Mnster U Osnabrck U Potsdam U
Regensburg U Rostock U Saarbrcken U
Trier U Tbingen U Wrzburg U
3.16 Philology, Modern

Study Field Outline
Modern philology is concerned with the
study of living languages. The approaches
are literary, i.e. study of the content,
structure and stylistic effects of literary
texts as well as linguistic, i.e. study of the
phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. While translation
and interpretation programmes focus on
mastery of foreign languages as a means
of communication, philology courses consider the acquisition of a foreign language
to be important and necessary, but do
not regard this to be the ultimate goal of
the studies. Beyond language acquisition,
students are also familiarised with a languages historical forms and examine in
detail the linguistic, literary, cultural and
historical elements of its philology as well
as the history, politics, economy and geog-
Basic study stage: The focus is on learn-
ing the relevant foreign language or languages, including earlier forms. Good language skills at the start of the studies are
only expected of students reading English
and French, while a knowledge of Latin
is very useful, above all, for the study of
French and the other Romance languages.
Students should not underestimate the
time and effort involved in learning a
foreign language. The languages of the
Far East with alphabetical characters that
raphy, culture and society of the country/

region in question (area studies). The relative weighting between language and the
above-mentioned components varies from
subject to subject and from one institution
to the next. At least two semesters of the
studies should be studied in a country in
which the target language is relevant, preferably mid-course.
Important auxiliary and subsidiary disciplines include history, geography, linguistics and literary studies, translating/
interpreting, and, for some philologies,
social sciences and economics/business
administration. Some institutions offer
alternative programmes that combine foreign languages or philologies with other
subjects in a so-called course of careerorientated foreign language training.
differ greatly from European characters

(e.g. Chinese pictographic/ideographic
script) also call for a good visual memory
and make particularly heavy demands on
students. Parallel to the acquisition of the
foreign language, students also study the
relevant linguistic and cultural aspects
(history, area studies, geography, religion).
Main study stage: The language and area
studies skills gained in the basic study

stage are extended and consolidated in the
main study stage. Emphasis on the study
of literature and sources, text interpreta-
tion, discussion of fundamental questions

of relevance to the subject, academic techniques and working methods. By specialising and setting areas of personal interest
students can develop ideas for the final

thesis from the topic areas treated in the
main study stage.
Central African,
Ancient American philologies
studies) and ancient America (ancient

American studies, cf. also history).
Some few universities also offer studies in

the languages of Central Africa (African

Bayreuth U Berlin HU Bielefeld U Frankfurt am Main U Hamburg U Kln U Mainz U
East Asian studies

Among the languages of the Far East (East
Asian Studies), Chinese (Chinese studies/
Sinology) and Japanese (Japanese studies/Japanology) are the most significant.
Other languages include Korean (Korean
studies), the Central Asian philologies
(Manchurian, Mongolian, Tibetan studies)
and the languages of South East Asia (Burmese, Laotian, Malay, Thai, Vietnamese
studies).
Traditionally, the study of these Far Eastern philologies has been concerned with
the classical languages and the associated
literature. Increasingly, however, these
subjects are also being offered as regional
and cultural studies, which besides dealing
with the modern language of the country,
also take into consideration political and
economic aspects. These more applied
studies are to be found, in particular, in
the field of Japanese studies on account of
the countrys leading position in the Far
East as well as, to some extent, in Sinology.

Berlin FU Berlin HU Bochum U Bonn U Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) Dsseldorf U
Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg U Heidelberg U Kln U Leipzig U Mnchen U Mnster U Passau U
English studies
The field of English studies deals with the
language and literature of the English-
speaking world, mainly Britain (English

studies in the narrower sense) and North
America (American studies, in some cases
also Canadian studies).

Aachen TH Augsburg U Bamberg U Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Bielefeld U
Bochum U Bonn U Braunschweig TU Bremen U Chemnitz TU Darmstadt TU
Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U
(Eichsttt) Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main U
Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U
Hannover U Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Jena U Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U
Kln U Konstanz U Leipzig U Lneburg U Magdeburg U Mainz U Mannheim U
Marburg U Mnchen U Mnster U Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Paderborn U
Passau U Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U Saarbrcken U Siegen U Stuttgart U
Trier U Tbingen U Vechta H Wuppertal U Wrzburg U
Modern Greek philology

The study of Modern Greek (Modern
Greek philology) covers the literature, language, and area studies of modern Greece
(as from the beginning of the 19th cen-
tury) and includes the fields of language

acquisition, linguistics and translation
studies, literary and area studies, South
Eastern European studies, fundamentals
of classical ancient studies and Byzantine
studies.

Berlin FU Freiburg U Hamburg U Mnchen U
ology, Hittitology, which actually belong to

the field of ancient or classical studies.
Oriental studies
The largest category of the non-European
philologies is made up of those subjects
grouped together under the heading of
oriental studies:
The languages and cultures of the
ancient Orient, such as Egyptology, Assyri-
Indian philology (Indology), which is

concerned with the languages and cultures of the Indian subcontinent, both
historically and in the modern, contemporary context. This includes Sanskrit,
especially important for Indo-Germanic
(or today Indo-European) and comparative

linguistics.
Islamic studies, which covers the entire
Islamic world from North Africa and
the Middle East to Indonesia. The main
languages are Arabic, Persian and Turkish.
The fields of Semitic studies and Arabic

studies, which deal with the Semitic languages and cultures, are closely related to
Islamic studies and in some cases overlap
within this field. These language groups
cover Akkadian, Canaanite (including
Hebrew), Aramaic (including Syrian),
Ethiopian and Arabic. Judaic studies focus
on Jewish history and culture.

Bamberg U Berlin FU Bochum U Bonn U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt
am Main U Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U
Heidelberg HJS Heidelberg U Jena U Kiel U Kln U Leipzig U Mainz U
Marburg U Mnchen U Mnster U Potsdam U Trier U Tbingen U Wrzburg U
Other (European) philologies

Finno-Ugrian studies (Uralic studies)
covers the languages and literatures of
Finland, Hungary, Estonia and a number
of smaller languages in Russia and their
cultures that do not belong to the IndoEuropean group of languages. At some
individual universities, the Baltic languages of Latvian and Lithuanian (Baltic Studies), the Caucasian languages with Caucasian studies plus the so-called isolated
language of Albanian (Albanian studies)
are represented. For information on the
Nordic languages (Scandinavian studies,
Icelandic studies) see German studies.

Gttingen U Greifswald U Hamburg U Jena U Kln U Mnchen U
Romance studies
Courses in Romance studies deal with the
Romance languages that have evolved out
of Latin (the language of ancient Rome).
This primarily includes French, Italian,
the Ibero-Romance languages (Spanish,

Portuguese, Catalan), which are also the
languages of Central and South America
(Latin America), Romanian and RhaetoRomanic.

Augsburg U Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Bochum U Bonn U Bremen U
Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt)
Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U Gieen U
Gttingen U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Heidelberg U Jena U Kassel U Kiel U
Koblenz-Landau U (Landau) Kln U Konstanz U Leipzig U Mainz U Mannheim U
Marburg U Mnchen U Mnster U Osnabrck U Paderborn U Passau U Potsdam U
Regensburg U Rostock U Saarbrcken U Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U
Wuppertal U Wrzburg U
Slavonic studies
The focus of Slavonic studies is on the
languages, literatures and cultures of the
Eastern and South Eastern European peoples. These are divided into three groups:
East Slavonic (Russniak/Ruthenian, Russian + Ukraine and Belorussian/Byelorus-
sian), West Slavonic (Kashubian, Lower

Sorbian/Upper Sorbian Wendish, Polish,
Slovakian and Czech), and South Slavonic
(Bulgarian, Burgenland-Croatian, Macedonian, Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian and Slovenian). Old Church Slavonic also belongs to
this group, a subject of great importance
in the field of language history.

Berlin FU Berlin HU Bochum U Bonn U Bremen U Dresden TU Erfurt U Frankfurt
(Oder) U Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg U Heidelberg U Jena U Kiel U Kln U Konstanz U Leipzig U Mainz U
Mnchen U Mnster U Oldenburg U Passau U Potsdam U Regensburg U Trier U
Tbingen U Wrzburg U
3.17 Philosophy
Study Field Outline
Philosophy is a fundamental science that
addresses the conditions and history of
thought, ideas, perception, the position
of humankind in the universe, human
action, human problems as a physical,
mental and intellectual being and with the

systematics and logic of science and scholarship. Branches of philosophy include
metaphysics, ontology, epistemology,
logic, ethics and aesthetics. Fields such as
the philosophy of law, the philosophy of
history, social philosophy, the philosophy
of language, etc., along with the philosophy of science act as further links to other
subjects. Conversely, influences from
other sciences and fields act on philosophy. Logic, for example, is strongly influ-
enced by mathematical insights, while

the philosophy of language is strongly
influenced by the findings of linguistics
(linguistic turn).
Studies at Universities,
Philosophical-Theological Colleges
and other Higher Education
Institutions
and preparatory courses in logic and basic

philosophical concepts are particularly
important elements of the basic study
stage. Lectures provide additional insights
into specific philosophical periods and the
teachings and theories of major philosophers. An extensive knowledge of classical
and modern languages is important. Exercises on the interpretation of classical philosophical texts enhance the understanding
of philosophical questions and problems
and of the terminology of philosophy.
Studies: The study of philosophy calls for

a thorough treatment of and preoccupation with the various branches of philosophy (acquired through seminars and
independent study of literature), beginning with ancient times and continuing
through to the present-day. Introductory

Aachen TH Augsburg U Bamberg U Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin TU
Bielefeld U Bochum U Bonn U Braunschweig TU Bremen U Darmstadt TU
Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U
(Eichsttt) Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main U
Frankfurt School of Finance & Management Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U
Greifswald U Hagen FernU Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hannover U Heidelberg U
Hildesheim U Jena U Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U Konstanz U
Leipzig U Magdeburg U Mainz U Marburg U Mnchen HPhil Mnchen U
Mnster U Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Paderborn U Potsdam U Regensburg U
Rostock U Saarbrcken U Siegen U Stuttgart U Trier ThFak Trier U Tbingen U
Ulm U Vechta H Weilheim-Bierbronnen GSA (Weilheim) Witten/Herdecke U (Witten)
3.18 Religious Studies

Study Field Outline
The field of religious studies that has
evolved out of philosophy, theology and
comparative linguistics deals with the
diversity of religions of the past and the
present. It examines religion and religiosity as cultural, empirically comprehen-
Studies: Bachelors programmes with
their interdisciplinary and cultural studies orientated focus offer modules that
deliver the fundamental knowledge, questions, theories and methods of historical,
systematic and empirical religious studies.
These include religious history within
the cultural studies framework, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary religious
research, Judaism, Islam and Asian religions, ancient religions and Christianity
(Christendom), methodological competencies and skills in the interpretation
of religious sources, qualitative religious
research plus the theory and practice of
empirical social research. Opportunities
for consolidation and specialisation are
given in areas like European and nonEuropean religious history, religious
contemporary culture, the museal presentation of religions, European ethnology/
cultural studies, ethnology.
sible phenomena and studies these with

linguistic, cultural studies and social
sciences methods. Fields include, above
all, religious history, systematic religious
studies, religious sociology, religious psychology, religious ethnology and religious
geography.
Students also complete modules that

deliver practical and profession-related
knowledge, such as foreign languages,
computing skills, and multimedia.

Bamberg U Bayreuth U Berlin HU
Bochum U Bonn U Bremen U Erfurt U
Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt
am Main U Gttingen U Hannover U
Heidelberg U Jena U Leipzig U
Oldenburg U Osnabrck U
Potsdam U Siegen U Tbingen U
3.19 Translating and Interpreting

Study Field Outline
In contrast to the philological study of foreign languages, the study of translating and
interpreting aims to develop skills in the
correct rendering of speeches, (conference)
discussions and debating (interpreting)
or written texts (professional translating/
literary translating) from one language into
another. Interpreters work at meetings and
conferences of all kinds, but also in the
judicial system and general administration,
politics as well as in business, and must be
quick and accurate in their work. Translators, on the other hand, need to have highly
developed skills in correct stylistic and formal text expression in the target language
and editorial abilities for their work on
specialist texts of all kinds, including nonfiction books, newspapers, magazines, journals, essays, radio programmes or commercial correspondence. This calls for literary
talent. Furthermore, translators and inter-
Studies: Generally, the training of interpreters and translators focuses on the
selected foreign languages, supplemented
by courses in linguistics and translation
studies, linguistic computing, social sciences and cultural studies of foreign countries, plus a complementary school subject
and general studies subjects. Literary
translation programmes provide training
in two source languages and in the target
language, i.e. German. Studies cover
preters also need a sound knowledge of

the subject areas they work in (technology
and engineering, law, business, medicine,
science). Translators of literature render
works of fiction (narrative prose, drama,
lyric, poetry) into the target language. This
calls for sound philological knowledge in
the foreign and mother language, as well as
literary talent and stylistic diversity.
Degree programmes in these fields are
offered by universities and universities of
applied sciences. Students should have
good language skills and language proficiency, at least in school languages. Propaedeutics courses lasting between 1 and 2
pre-sessional semesters prepare students
for translator/interpreter studies in other
languages. Students are urgently advised to
spend at least one semester abroad in the
language region relevant to their foreign
language(s). Some institutions have made
study sections abroad required elements.
translation-relevant branches of literature

and linguistics, as well as core professional qualifications (practical translation
exercises, theory and history of translation,
professional studies, theory and practice of
writing).

Berlin HU Bonn U Dsseldorf U
Hamburg U Heidelberg U
Hildesheim U Leipzig U Mainz U
(Germersheim) Saarbrcken U

Sciences
Practical experience/internships: One-
year of practical training (internship/

work placement) in a translation office,
an industrial, commercial or trading company, a bank, insurance company, etc.
Besides linguistics and translation studies,

students also undertake cultural, regional
and area studies on relevant countries and
training in selected fields of specialisation (business, law, etc.) as well as general
studies subjects.

Studies: Courses above all lead to mastery
of the techniques of translating or interpreting in the first and second foreign
language, including theoretical linguistic
computing (from the field of terminology
theory, computer linguistics) and practical linguistic computing (terminology
administration, automated translation).
Bad Homburg HS (Bad Homburg)

Flensburg FH Kln FH Konstanz HS
Leipzig AKAD Magdeburg-Stendal FH
(Magdeburg) Mannheim HS
Mnchen SDI Pinneberg AKAD FH
Stuttgart AKAD Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH
(Wrzburg) Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)
Zwickau HS
3.20 Visual Arts

Study Field Outline
The visual arts are divided into two main
branches; fine art and applied art. Fine art
includes painting, glass, graphic art, sculpture (incl. all three-dimensional work such
as objects and installations) and performance. Applied art includes goldsmith and
silversmith art, ceramics, textile art, and
stage design, although many areas overlap and intersect with the field of graphic
design, media art, textile design, product
design, etc. In some cases, the transition
to fine art is not clearly defined at all and
is in flux.
Degree programmes in the visual arts
aim to prepare students for careers as
professional artists or for art education

professions, and to provide them with the
requisite specialist knowledge, skills and
methods in the fields of relevance to their
later career. The curriculum and range of
studies offered is consequently diverse.
Studies in fine and applied art are generally pursued at colleges of art as well as at
some universities, and at one university of
applied sciences. For details on the degree
programmes in architecture, interior
design and design please refer to the relevant sections.
Besides the requirement to hold a qualification for admission to a university or a
university of applied sciences, applicants
must also prove that they have special

talent or aptitude for the programme/
subject in question and so are likely to
be able to complete their studies with
success. The institutions have developed
their own selection or testing procedures
for establishing this talent or aptitude.
Criteria for selection include a portfolio of
the students own artistic work, examinations and generally a selection interview.
Given the limited availability of teaching
staff, the educational standards and the
intensity of the training, the number of
study places is limited. Applicants with
outstanding artistic talent or aptitude may
be exempted from the requirement to
hold a university or university of applied
sciences entrance qualification. However,
this ruling does not apply for programmes
that end with the first state examination
(Erstes Staatsexamen) as a teaching qualification (Lehramt).
Art education programmes (at universities

and universities of education) aim to train
teachers for art teaching positions at general education schools. The courses intend
to convey an ability to design, analyse
and interpret works of fine art, and the
design or creative environment or visual
media. Such programmes call for an equal
amount of artistic talent and educational
interest.

of Art and Universities of Applied
Sciences
well as methods of artistic representation

and principles of order. Later students
can choose a consolidation area, e.g. in
painting, graphic art, commercial art, or
sculpture. As studies progress, art history, art theory and art technology aspects
and methodology theory plus individual
working techniques become increasingly
important. The study of art for a teaching
degree generally requires students to take
a second school subject. They must also
study courses in education theory and in
the didactics and methodology (art and science) of teaching art.
Practical experience/internships: Bavaria

requires practical experience in a crafts
trade, while other federal states (Lnder)
recommend this.
Studies: Students begin with exercises
and elementary artistic teaching in subjects like drawing, painting, plastic design
(sculpture) and material studies. Courses
also teach arts and crafts techniques as
Over the years, the range of studies with

an art/design or art/technical curriculum
has expanded in response to the differentiated range of career opportunities and
professions. The programmes in restoration and art therapy are of particular interest; institutions have recently introduced
such programmes as a means of meeting
growing demand in these fields.

Alanus HS (Alfter) Augsburg U Bamberg U Berlin FHTW Berlin UdK Berlin-Weiensee
KHB Bielefeld U Braunschweig HBK Bremen HfK Bremen U Dresden HfBK
Dsseldorf KuAk Erfurt FH Erfurt U Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main HfBK Frankfurt
am Main U Gieen U Greifswald U Halle HfKuD Hamburg HfBK Hannover U
Hildesheim U Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) Karlsruhe AkdBK
Kassel U Kiel KH Kiel U Koblenz FH (Hhr-Grenzhausen) Kln FH Leipzig HGB
Leipzig U Lneburg U Mainz U Mnchen AkdBK Mnchen TU Mnchen U
Mnster KuAk Nrnberg AkdBK Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Ottersberg FH
Potsdam FH Potsdam U Regensburg U Saar HBK (Saarbrcken) Schwbisch Hall FH
Stuttgart AkdBK Vechta H Weimar U Wuppertal U Wrzburg U
Law and Economics/Business Administration
4.1
Business Information Systems
Study Field Outline

Graduates of business information systems are qualified as system architects for
corporate information systems. Besides
the core contents of business computing,
studies encompass basic areas of business
administration and applied computer science plus the mathematical principles.
Some universities offer business information systems as part of a business administration programme or as a specialisation
in a computer science programme.
Business information systems are concerned with the structure, mode of
operation and design of computer-based
corporate information and communications systems. Specialists in business
information systems must be qualified to
design systems, i.e. to develop systems by
analysing complex systems and developing
computer application systems.

Practical training/experience: Students at
universities of applied sciences generally
complete integrated practical semesters.
Studies: Modules in fields of computer
science including introductory courses on

programming, data structures and algorithms, software engineering, computer
structures, operating systems. In business
information systems, modules in commu-
Business information systems specialists

are responsible for developing, designing
and operating commercial application
systems that perform administrative tasks
(e.g. contract processing, procurement
and purchasing, storage and material
flow monitoring, cost calculating, payroll
processing, after-sales service), distributing tasks (production preparation and
control, production/work planning and
control, and other areas), marketing and
sales (e-commerce), online customer
services and strategic services as humantask-technology systems. Besides a broad
knowledge of business administration and
management and the ability to develop
applications systems, business information systems specialists must also have a
knowledge of the design and structure of
systems software, such as operating systems and databases, plus a knowledge of
local and global communications systems
and networks.
nication and collaboration systems, databases, data management and modelling,

software engineering, computer networks,
application systems, information management, internet economics, e-business,
implementation of corporate application
systems (including project management).
In the business administration section,
modules on principles, like financial
mathematics, accounting and auditing,
investment and finance management,
controlling, cost and performance (double
entry) accounting, marketing, plus legal,
Law and Economics/Business Administration 115
economic and socio-scientific frameworks;

quantitative methods, including business
mathematics, operational research, stochastic theory, theory of decision-making.
Plus study assignments and projects with
modules on key qualifications (foreign languages, management techniques, etc.).


Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Albstadt) Ansbach FH Augsburg FH Augsburg U Bamberg U
Bergisch Gladbach FHDW Berlin FHTW Berlin FHW Berlin HU Bielefeld FH
Bielefeld FHDW Bielefeld FHM Bingen FH Bonn HSF Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Rheinbach,
Sankt Augustin) Brandenburg FH Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Wolfsburg)
Braunschweig TU Bremerhaven H Brhl EUFH (Brhl) Chemnitz TU Clausthal TU
Coburg HS Cottbus TU Darmstadt TU Deggendorf FH Dortmund FH Dresden HTW
Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Erding FHAM Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Nrnberg) Essen FOM
(Berlin, Dortmund, Duisburg, Dsseldorf, Essen, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg, Kln, Marl,
Mnchen, Neuss, Nrnberg, Siegen, Stuttgart) Esslingen HS (Gppingen) Flensburg FH
Frankfurt (Oder) U Frankfurt am Main FH Frankfurt School of Finance & Management
Fulda HS Furtwangen HS Gelsenkirchen FH (Bocholt, Gelsenkirchen) Gieen-Friedberg FH
(Friedberg) Gttingen FH priv. Gttingen U Hagen FernU Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg U Hannover FH Hannover FHDW Harz HS (Halberstadt, Wernigerode)
Heidelberg HS Heilbronn HHN Hildesheim U Hof FH Hohenheim U (Stuttgart)
Ilmenau TU Iserlohn BiTS Jena U Kaiserslautern FH (Zweibrcken) Karlsruhe HS
Karlsruhe U Kiel FH Koblenz-Landau U (Koblenz) Kln FH (Gummersbach, Kln) Kln
RheinFH Kln U Konstanz HS Leipzig U Ludwigshafen FH Lneburg U Magdeburg U
Mainz FH Mannheim U Mittweida HS Mnchen HS Mnchen TU (Garching)
Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg) Mnster U Neu-Ulm FH Niederrhein HS (Mnchengladbach)
Nordakademie FH (Elmshorn) Nrnberg HS Oestrich-Winkel EBS (Oestrich-Winkel,
Wiesbaden) Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Wilhelmshaven) Oldenburg U
Osnabrck FH (Lingen/Ems) Osnabrck U Paderborn FHDW Paderborn U Passau U
Pforzheim HS Pinneberg AKAD FH Provadis HS (Frankfurt am Main) RavensburgWeingarten HS (Weingarten) Regensburg FH Regensburg U Reutlingen HS Rostock PHU
Rostock U Saarbrcken U Schmalkalden FH Siegen U Stralsund FH Stuttgart AKAD
Stuttgart HdM Stuttgart HFT Stuttgart U Sdwestfalen FH (Hagen, Soest) Trier FH (Trier)
Trier U Ulm HS Wedel FH Wildau TFH Wismar HS Worms FH Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH
(Wrzburg) Wrzburg U
4.2
Commercial Law
Study Field Outline

Commercial law fills the gap between the
conventional law and business administration programmes and qualifies graduates for commercial law positions at the
interface between legal and economic
questions. In-depth treatment of businessrelevant (commercial) law plus fundamental business administration/management
contexts, whereby the arrangement of the
respective study contents differs from one
institution to the next.

Basic study stage: Modules on the prin-
ciples and the application of law, commercial private law and administrative law,
corporate/company law, tax law, European
law, public law, corporate accounting,
general business administration and economics, business information systems and
business mathematics, statistics. Modules
on key qualifications, like business English, methodology of case studies, research
techniques.
Training focuses on later practice in business and industry. Studies aim to prepare
students for management positions and
specialised responsibilities in industrial
and commercial businesses, companies
and associations. Graduates hold the
qualifications needed for processing even
complex business matters from a legal and
business management perspective and for
finding practical and practicable solutions.
intellectual property rights, building law

and real estate management, administrative law, corporate tax law, international
commercial law, balance book accounting,
competition and insolvency law. Students
also do excursions, case studies and crossdisciplinary modules like project planning,
business English, rhetoric and presentation techniques, team work.
Not all institutions divide the studies into
a basic and a main study stage.
Main study stage: Extension and consolidation studies, some involving core
study areas and specialisation. Modules
from a wide range of law and business
management fields; labour and industrial
law and human resources management,
trade and company law, media and telecommunications law, financial services,

Anhalt HS (Bernburg) Aschaffenburg FH Augsburg U Berlin FHTW Berlin FHVR Berlin
FHW Bielefeld FH Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Wolfenbttel) Bremen HS Darmstadt
HS (Dieburg) Dresden TU Erlangen-Nrnberg U Essen FOM (Berlin, Dortmund, Duisburg,
Dsseldorf, Essen, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg, Kln, Mnchen, Neuss, Nrnberg, Siegen,
Stuttgart) Frankfurt am Main FH Fulda HS Gelsenkirchen FH (Recklinghausen)
Greifswald U Hagen FernU Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg Euro-FH Hamburg HFH
Hamburg U Heidelberg HS Hof FH Idstein EFF Kassel U Kln EFF Kln FH Kln
RheinFH Lneburg U Mainz FH Mannheim U Mnster U Niederrhein HS
(Mnchengladbach) Nordhessen FH (Bad Sooden-Allendorf) Nrtingen HfWU (Geislingen,
Nrtingen) Oestrich-Winkel EBS (Oestrich-Winkel, Wiesbaden) Oldenburg U Osnabrck FH
Osnabrck U Pforzheim HS Potsdam U Rostock U Saarbrcken U Schmalkalden FH
Siegen U Sdwestfalen FH (Hagen) Trier FH (Birkenfeld) Westkste FHW (Heide)
Wiesbaden FH Wildau TFH Wismar HS
4.3
Economic Sciences
Study Field Outline

Degree programmes in economic science
cover elements of business administration,
the study of individual companies from a
microeconomic perspective (BWL), and
economics, studies of the macroeconomic
context (VWL). Taken together, these are
also offered as joint degree programmes in
economics and business administration.
Business education is considered part of
this. All these programmes have largely
identical basic studies, so that students
of Diplom degree courses can, during the
pre-Diplom stage, generally change to any
of the other courses without difficulty.
Only in the main study stage do the studies often differ substantially.
information systems specialist often fall

under the umbrella of economics as well.
In some cases, the contents of these programmes are also offered within self-contained economics programmes and then
lead to the below specified degrees.
Regardless of whether university or university of applied sciences studies, all economics science programmes offer interesting links with other specialist fields, e.g.
tourism, media studies, computer science,
languages, etc. The key auxiliary sciences
for economics include mathematics, statistics and data processing.
The prime neighbouring disciplines are
law, political science, sociology, and the
social sciences and humanities.
Programmes leading to qualification as an

industrial engineer, commercial lawyer,
business mathematician and business
Business administration
Business administration is concerned with
the analysis, structure, and management
of a company as well as with its economic
development. Mathematical methods
record business indicators (raw materials,
operating funds, work processes, sales
data etc.) and carry out economic efficiency calculations and assessments to allow
rational and efficient corporate management concepts to be drawn up.
Business administration is divided into
the fields of marketing, human resources,
operational research, banking, controlling,
taxation, production, materials management/logistics, and corporate management.
Business administration studies qualify
graduates for positions in business and so
focus strongly on commercial and business practice. Hence, holders of a commercial or business orientated vocational
qualification enjoy advantages both in
their studies and later in professional life.
Economics
Economics deals with the analysis and
structure of the market in a specific society as well as with the relevant legislative
frameworks. It considers questions of
economic activities in private households
and companies and their dependency on
national and international frameworks,
plus the pricing and distribution of labour,
land and capital. It describes and analyses
the function of money, economic cycles,
employment, economic cycle policy and
growth policy plus foreign trade. Math-
ematics and, in particular, statistics play a

very important role in this respect as auxiliary sciences.
Economic science
Economic science is often offered as a
self-contained degree programme that
attempts to lay a greater emphasis on
the (methodological) similarity between
business administration and political
economy. For example, corporate action
calls for both business administration
skills and the ability to recognise interrelationships and contexts within the scope
of political economy. The main study stage
in economics, however, allows students to
choose between extension and consolidation studies in either business administration or economics.
Business education
Business education programmes cover
as well as educational and psychological
contents. Business education above all prepares students for positions in which commercial and economic contents are taught
(e.g. for teachers at commercial colleges or
vocational schools) and so is to be seen as
a teaching degree programme.
Practical training/experience: No pre-
study internship prescribed, but generally

recommended (in business administration).
Basic study stage: Majors for all econom-
ics programmes: Business administration,

economics, statistics, law, preparatory
subjects: Company accounting, mathematics, introduction to data processing and
programming. Complementary subjects
include administrative sciences, social and
labour (industrial) law, sociology, political
science. The pre-Diplom examination covers business administration, economics,
private and public law, plus statistics. This
applies to all economics programmes. In
the field of business education, the basic
study stage also covers education science
and educational psychology.
Main study stage: Two business admin-
istration fields (one general, one consolidation field), subjects like corporate
management, company accounting,
corporate planning, production and materials management, controlling, banking,
taxation, marketing, sales management,
human resources management, operational research, etc., plus industry-related
business administration. Students study
individual economics subjects plus two
electives.
Economics
employment, market and competition,

growth and structure of an economy,
international economic relations, labour
market and income distribution) and
business administration (see above), one
optional subject from the field of special
economic science (e.g. applied economic
research, public finance and economics,
international economic relations, social
policy, structural policy, economic policy),
two more optional subjects (e.g. automotive industry, corporate tax theory and
auditing, office and administrative automation, European management, financial
management, industrial application systems, logistics and logistical information
systems, ergonomics, demographics,
urban studies and social planning, administrative sciences, business and organisational psychology).
Economic science
Main study stage: Extension and con-
solidation studies in economics, business administration plus three optional

subjects, two of which may be chosen
from economics (e.g. empirical economic
research/econometrics, resources and
environmental economics, microeconomics and mesoeconomics, macroeconomics,
public finance, regional economics, etc.)
and up to two subjects from business
administration (e.g. sales and purchasing marketing, production management,
financial management and bank management, human resources management,
accounting and auditing, corporate environmental policy). One subject may be
chosen from the other optional subjects.
Main study stage: Core subjects of (general) economics (e.g. economic cycles and
Business education
Main study stage: Extension and consolidation studies in education science,
business administration, economics, plus
an optional from business administration,
economics, sociology, public law, civil law,

commercial law, employment and industrial law, tax law or statistics or another
subject (e.g. languages) as a double optional subject.

Aachen TH Alanus HS (Alfter) Augsburg U Bamberg U Bayreuth U Berlin ESCP-EAP
Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin SHB Berlin TU Bielefeld U Bochum U Bonn U
Bremen U Bruchsal IU Chemnitz TU Clausthal TU Cottbus TU Darmstadt TU
Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U
(Ingolstadt) Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U Flensburg U Frankfurt (Oder) U Frankfurt
am Main U Frankfurt School of Finance & Management Freiberg TUBergAk Freiburg U
Friedrichshafen ZU Gieen U Gttingen U Greifswald U Hagen FernU HalleWittenberg U Hamburg U Hamburg UBw Hannover U Heidelberg U Hildesheim U
Hohenheim U (Hohenheim, Stuttgart) Ilmenau TU Jena U Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U
Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln DSHS Kln U Konstanz U Lahr WHL
Leipzig HandelsH Leipzig U Lneburg U Magdeburg U Mainz U Mannheim PopAkad.BW Mannheim U Marburg U Mnchen TU (Freising, Mnchen) Mnchen U
Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg) Mnster U Oestrich-Winkel EBS (Oestrich-Winkel, Wiesbaden)
Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Paderborn U Passau U Potsdam U Regensburg U
Rostock PHU Rostock U Saarbrcken U Siegen U Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U
Ulm U Vallendar WHU (Vallendar) Witten/Herdecke U (Witten) Wuppertal U Wrzburg U
Zittau IHI

Sciences
Practical training/experience: Requirements regarding pre-study internships
differ from one federal state and one
higher education institution to the next;
some require no pre-study internships,
(e.g. Baden-Wrttemberg), although students are generally required to complete
between 6 weeks to 6 months of practical
training. The following essentially applies:
Holders of a recognised vocational qualification in commerce and management or
who have attended two years of vocational

college in the appropriate subject are not
required to complete a pre-study internship.
Basic study stage: Introduction to business administration, general business
administration, procurement and purchasing policy, human resources management,
principles of finance, accounting, marketing, principles of corporate accounting,
organisational theory, applied computing,
logic of data processing, principles and

applications of automated data processing,
mathematics and statistics, economics,
law, foreign languages (especially business
English, Spanish, French); principles of
technology and engineering, principles of
bookkeeping.
Main study stage: General business
administration, general economics, a special business administration field, plus two
optional subjects, e.g. sales management,
production management, financial management, accounting and taxation (annual
accounts, cost and performance calculation (double entry accounting), tax theory),
operational research, instruments of
corporate management (human resources
management, labour, employment and
industrial law, planning and decisionmaking techniques, controlling).
competition, empirical economic research,

including statistical methods. Business
administration modules give an introduction to the subject and cover added value
and financing processes, customer and
supplier processes, economic and business processes, including business and
politics. Plus mathematics, bookkeeping
and key qualifications (intercultural communication, self-management and project
management).
Main study stage: Practical extension and
consolidation in the above subjects plus

real project work, complemented by topics
like global economy, financial markets,
empirical analyses, application training/
business start-ups. Profile creation by
specialising in fields like international
economic and trade relations, European
integration and regional economics or
macrologistics (transport economics).
Economics
Basic study stage: Modules include the
principles of economics, such as microeconomics and macroeconomics, market and
The division into a basic and a main study

stage is not found at all universities of
applied sciences.

Aachen FH Aalen HS Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS Amberg-Weiden FH (Weiden) Anhalt HS
(Bernburg) Ansbach FH Aschaffenburg FH Augsburg FH Bad Homburg HS (Bad
Homburg) Bad Honnef FH Bergisch Gladbach FHDW Berlin bbw Berlin BEST-Sabel-FH
Berlin FHTW Berlin FHVR Berlin FHW Berlin H:G Berlin IBS Berlin ifh Berlin SRH
Berlin TC Berlin TFH Biberach HS Bielefeld FH Bielefeld FHDW Bielefeld FHM
Bochum HS Bonn HSF Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Hennef, Rheinbach, Sankt Augustin)
Brandenburg FH Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Salzgitter, Wolfenbttel, Wolfsburg)
Bremen APOLLON HS Bremen HS Bremerhaven H Brhl EUFH (Brhl) Calw HS
Coburg HS Darmstadt HS (Darmstadt, Dieburg) Deggendorf FH Dortmund FH Dortmund
ISM (Dortmund, Frankfurt am Main) Dresden FHDW Dresden HTW Dsseldorf FH
Eberswalde FH Erding FHAM Erfurt Adam Ries FH Erfurt FH Essen FOM Esslingen HS
Flensburg FH Frankfurt am Main FH Freiburg KathFHS Fulda HS Furtwangen HS
(Furtwangen, Villingen-Schwenningen) Gelsenkirchen FH (Bocholt, Gelsenkirchen) GieenFriedberg FH (Gieen, Wetzlar) Gttingen FH priv. Gstrow BC (Gstrow, Schwerin)
Gtersloh FHDW Hamburg Euro-FH Hamburg HFH Hamburg HAW Hamburg HSBA
Hannover FH Hannover FHDW (Celle, Hannover) Harz HS (Halberstadt, Wernigerode)
Heidelberg HS Heilbronn HHN (Heilbronn, Knzelsau) Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen
HAWK (Gttingen) Hochschule21 (Buxtehude) Hof FH Idstein EFF Ingolstadt FH
Iserlohn BiTS Jena FH Kaiserslautern FH (Zweibrcken) Karlsruhe HS Karlsruhe
Merkur int. FH Kempten FH Kiel FH Koblenz FH (Koblenz, Remagen) Kln EFF Kln FH
Kln RheinFH Konstanz HS Landshut FH Lausitz FH (Senftenberg) Leipzig AKAD
Leipzig HTWK Lippe und Hxter FH (Lemgo) Lbeck FH Ludwigshafen FH MagdeburgStendal FH (Stendal) Mainz FH Merseburg FH Mittweida HS Mnchen HS Mnchen
MBS Mnster FH Neu-Ulm FH Niederrhein HS (Krefeld, Mnchengladbach)
Nordakademie FH (Elmshorn) Nordhausen FH Nordhessen FH (Bad Sooden-Allendorf)
Nrnberg HS Nrtingen HfWU (Geislingen, Nrtingen) Offenburg HS (Gengenbach, Offenburg)
Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden, Wilhelmshaven) Osnabrck FH
Paderborn FHDW Pforzheim HS Pinneberg AKAD FH Provadis HS (Frankfurt am Main)
Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Regensburg FH Reutlingen HS Riedlingen FernFH
Rosenheim FH Saarland HTW Schmalkalden FH Stralsund FH Stuttgart AKAD
Stuttgart HdM Stuttgart HFT Sdwestfalen FH (Hagen, Meschede) Trier FH (Birkenfeld,
Trier) Vechta/Diepholz FHWT (Vechta) Wedel FH Westkste FHW (Heide) Wiesbaden FH
Wildau TFH Wismar HS Worms FH Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Wrzburg) Zittau/Grlitz HS
Zwickau HS
4.4
Law
Study Field Outline

Law is the scientific study of the applicable law (de lege lata), its systematic and
terminological comprehension and interpretation as well as the study of its history
and its relationship with other fields, such
as politics, social structure, business and
industry. Lawyers (barristers/solicitors/
attorneys) act in the often quite abstractformal thought patterns of the normative
legal code as well as in the constantly
changing facts and reality of everyday life;
they must take both aspects into account.
Based on the Federal Act to Reform the
Study of Law of 11 July 2002 and the
corresponding state acts, the training
and examination curricula as well as
the examinations regulations were thoroughly modernised. While maintaining
the two-stage legal training structure and
the uniformity of professional qualification for all lawyers, the reforms aimed to
improve the preparation of young lawyers
for the changing professional requirements and, in particular, for the practice
of law.
Studies: The study of law is divided into
two sections. The first section involves a
law programme and is studied at a university. The basic studies last three to four
semesters and end with an intermediate
examination. Students then graduate from
To formally qualify as a judge or as public

prosecutor, candidates must still graduate
successfully with the second state examination after two years of preparatory, professional training. This is also the prerequisite for practising law and working as a
notary public, and for judicial applicants
seeking higher administrative positions
in the civil service (with the exception of
the Federal Foreign Office). This qualification is also generally held by lawyers
wishing to work in business and industry.
Some institutions, however, also have law
programmes that end with a Bachelors
degree. However, this degree neither
qualifies the holder for admission to the
professional practical training phase nor
qualifies for the office of judge.
In accordance with Article 5a of the German Law on the Judiciary (Deutsches
Richtergesetz), studies last 4 years; this
may be reduced, if the applicant can prove
that the academic achievements required
for admission to the university examination in the major subject and to the state
examination in the required subject have
been met.
the main stage with a first Staatsexamen

(state examination) that encompasses a university examination in the core study area
and a state examination in the compulsory
subject. After completing this stage, students engage in a two-year phase of professional practical training that ends with the
second Staatsexamen for full qualification.
Studies cover compulsory subjects in the

core areas of civil law, criminal law, public
law and procedural law, including aspects
of European law, legal methodology and
the philosophical, historical and social
principles. Students can also specialise
through optional modules that serve to
complement the studies and consolidate
the obligatory fields as well as delivering
the interdisciplinary and international
frames of reference of law. Examples
may include international, European
and foreign private and procedural law,
employment and insurance law, law of
the information society, corporate law,
German and international criminal justice and criminology. The curriculum
takes into account the practice of judicial,
administrative and legal counselling,
including the required key qualifications,
such as negotiation management, lead
negotiation skills, rhetoric, dispute arbitration and communication skills. Language
courses for lawyers or courses taught in
other languages enable students to acquire
subject-specific foreign language skills.
Pre-sessional, practical study sections (of
at least three months) aim to provide early
insight into the legal profession. These
can be completed at home or abroad.
4.5
The Bachelors programme not only delivers legal content, but also has so-called
general studies modules, such as foreign
languages, communication and team skills
plus economics and business administration. Internships at home and abroad
provide students with an impression of
the application of the law in practice and
round the Bachelors programme off.
Some universities offer Masters programmes for foreign students.

Augsburg U Bayreuth U Berlin FHVR
Berlin FU Berlin HU Bielefeld U
Bochum U Bonn U Bremen U
Dresden TU Dsseldorf U Erfurt U
(Oder) U Frankfurt am Main U
Hamburg BLS Hamburg U Hannover U
Heidelberg U Jena U Kiel U Kln U
Konstanz U Leipzig U Mainz U
Mannheim U Marburg U Mnchen U
Mnster U Oldenburg U Osnabrck U
Passau U Potsdam U Regensburg U
Rostock PHU Rostock U Saarbrcken U
Transportation and Logistics
Study Field Outline

Logistics means much more than merely
transporting, shipping, handling or storing goods. Today, company logistics cover
holistic planning, regulation, coordina-
tion, realisation and control of all internal

and overarching goods and information
flows. Within a manifold structured and
ever more internationally organised added
value process in production and services,
logistics take on a kind of coordinat-
ing role, ensuring that the networking

between companies works as planned
and that everything proceeds smoothly
without any standstills. Logistics not only
combine individual, company functions to
produce process chains, but also integrate
processes from raw material procurement
through to the sale to end users across
companies and enterprises, forming added
value chains (supply chain management)
or taking these to create global networks.
Purchasing, production, distribution and
transport logistics as well as knowledge
management are important subfields that
flow into all process chains and cycles.
Waste disposal and recycling also play a
role. In short, logistics are responsible for
ensuring the availability of the right goods
in the right volumes in the right state at
the right place at the right time for the
right customers at the right price.
Given this background, the transformation

of logistics into a horizontal and crosssectional discipline of corporate strategic
significance and the associated logistic
requirement profiles have seen increasingly independent logistics degree programmes being established at universities
and universities of applied sciences over
recent years. They offer an interdisciplinary, practice-orientated training for the
cross-sectional role that logistics perform
in many companies. In most cases, consolidation in economic or (information)
technology fields is possible. Given the
appropriate core study areas and specialisations, degree programmes like business management, engineering subjects,
computer science/business information
systems or industrial engineering deliver
qualifications for work in this field.

planning, production planning and management), information technology, distribution management, transport and traffic,
logistic management (corporate planning,
logistic controlling), international logistics,
supply chain management, law. In addition, students complete industrial placements and internships, go on excursions
and produce project assignments (including abroad) as well as acquiring soft skills:
team and staff leadership skills, foreign
languages, knowledge management and
presentation techniques.
Practical training/experience: Depending

on the school/vocational qualifications,
is recommended or required. Students
complete study-integrated industrial
internships/practical semesters during the
studies.
Studies: The modular curriculum cov-
ers technical and economic aspects that

may be weighted differently from one
institution to the next. Studies include the
mathematical, scientific and engineering
principles and methods, business management, production logistics (material flow

Bad Honnef FH Berlin FHW Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Salzgitter) Bremen HS
Bremen Jacobs University Bremerhaven H Brhl EUFH (Brhl) Darmstadt TU
Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) Erfurt FH Frankfurt am Main FH
Gelsenkirchen FH (Recklinghausen) Gieen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg) Hamburg HAW
Hamburg HSBA Hamburg UBw Hamm FH Heilbronn HHN Hof FH Kaiserslautern FH
(Pirmasens) Koblenz FH (Remagen) Kln FH Lippe und Hxter FH (Lemgo)
Ludwigshafen FH Magdeburg U Mnchen HS Mnster FH Neu-Ulm FH Oldenburg /
Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Elsfleth) Pforzheim HS Reutlingen HS Saarland HTW
Trier FH (Birkenfeld) Ulm HS Wildau TFH
Mathematics, Natural Sciences
5.1
Biochemistry
Study Field Outline

Biochemistry (also biological chemistry or
physiological chemistry) studies the life
forms of organisms at molecular level with
chemical and physicochemical methods. It
examines the molecular structure and the
chemical and physicochemical processes
taking place both in plant and animal cells
as well as in bacterial cells, and analyses
how these are controlled and organised.
This primarily means metabolism the
breakdown and conversion of nutrients to
produce chemical energy and build up the
cells own substances.
On the one hand, molecular biotechnology aims to explain and understand the
molecular interactions and contexts of
biological processes and, on the other, to
use the acquired knowledge and insights
in practice and applications. This involves
developing new processes to extract or
produce active agents, to develop new analytical and diagnostic methods for use in
medicine, the environment and research,

Studies: Basic science modules include
organic, inorganic, analytical and physical

chemistry, biochemistry, mathematics and
physics for natural scientists, biochemistry and physiology of plants (flora) and
animals (fauna), microbiology, general
genetics, fundamentals of biological
or to develop novel therapies and treatments specifically tailor-made to meet

patient needs and requirements.
Great importance attaches to studies on
catalytic functions, on enzymes (enzymology), and on molecular messengers, on
ribo- and deoxyribonucleic acids (molecular genetics, genetic engineering, genetic
surgery). These investigations are of great
significance to various fields of biology,
chemistry, medicine and physics, and
especially biotechnology.
Biochemistry can be studied in various
ways. Some universities offer biochemistry in independent degree programmes.
While at other institutions, biochemistry is
offered as a core study area or major from
the field of chemistry or biology. Degree
programmes in human biology also have
a biochemical focus. Biochemistry additionally serves as a basic subject for other
degree programmes, like pharmacy, food
chemistry or nutritional science.
information systems, molecular biology

and technology of microorganisms, developmental biology. Consolidation studies
with an introduction to biophysical chemistry, genetics/genetic engineering and to
biochemical methods, plus various laboratory and research internships and practical courses. Subsidiary subjects (minors),
and optional or specialisation modules
generally enable students to create their
Mathematics, Natural Sciences 129
own individual profiles. Complementary

modules include technical English, for
example.
Some higher education institutions also

divide the Bachelors programme into a

Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Bielefeld U Bochum U Bonn U Bremen Jacobs
University Bremen U Bremerhaven H Dortmund TU Dresden TU Dsseldorf U
Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U Gttingen U
Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hannover U Heidelberg U Jena U
Kiel U Leipzig U Lbeck U Mannheim HS Marburg U Mnchen TU (Freising, Garching)
Mnchen U Mnster U Nrnberg HS Regensburg U Tbingen U Ulm U Witten/
Herdecke U (Witten) Wrzburg U
5.2
Biology
Study Field Outline

Biology is the science of animate nature
(life). It describes and investigates the
various life forms of living organisms,
their life expressions and how they relate
to each other. Biology is divided into four
main branches based on the nature of
the organisms: botany (study of the plant
kingdom), zoology (study of the animal
kingdom), microbiology (study of microorganisms) and anthropology (study of the
comparative biology of humans under spatial and temporal aspects, and the relationship to primates); human biology focuses
more on physicochemical aspects. Besides
these traditional branches, many subdivisions have developed over time which
deal with the processes and laws common
to all groups of organisms (biosciences/
life sciences). These include cytology (cell
biology), which deals with the structure,
characteristics and functions of cells; physiology, which studies the biochemical and
biophysical functions and capacities (e.g.
metabolism, intercellular communication); molecular biology, which treats the
molecular structure of organic substances
and especially the chemistry and modus
operandi of genetic factors (genes) and
proteins.
These fields are closely linked to related
disciplines like biochemistry, biophysics
and medicine. Other branches include
ethology (animal behaviour), evolution
(development of species), and ecology
(interaction and relationships between
organisms and the environment). The
human impact on the environment is
examined particularly by geoecology,
where the geosciences and chemistry,
plus biology, physics and mathematics,
play an important role.
Other biosciences or life sciences have

become increasingly important, since their
applications-focused approach to problems
is contributing decisively to structuring
our future conditions of life itself. For
example, biotechnology is concerned with
researching and developing the technological measures that will make it possible to
use living cells and is producing industrial
applications for these. Genetic engineering assists here by means of the controlled
and specific modification of genetic material (mainly in micro-organisms).
several higher education institutions introduced degree programmes in biological

information systems (biocomputing or
bioinformatics). The biosciences (also life
sciences) are mainly experimental natural
sciences and their mode of thinking and
working has been shaped by the neighbouring sciences, namely chemistry, physics and mathematics. In their overlapping
areas, subjects like biochemistry, biophysics and biomathematics have evolved as
independent scientific fields.
In numerous other degree programmes,

too, biology is found as a basic science,
e.g. in medicine, pharmacy, agricultural
science or dietetics (nutrition science).
Increasingly, the field of computer science
and information systems is also addressing biological problem fields, hence,

Studies: Basic biological training in mod-
ules on topics like cell and molecular biology, botany and botanic systematology,
zoology, biochemical and biophysical principles, neurobiology, microbiology, cell
biology, genetics, biodiversity of the animal and plant kingdom, ecology, evolution
and systematology of animals and plants,
morphology, developmental biology, physiology and biochemistry of plants, behavioural biology. Natural sciences training
in the neighbouring life sciences subjects
of mathematics, physics and chemistry.
opportunities are available for specialising
in fields like molecular biology/cell biology, biochemistry/biophysics, biological

information systems/biocomputing (bioinformatics), biotechnology, biodiversity/
ecology, parasitology/virology, physiology,
neurobiology and developmental biology,
environmental sciences.
main study stage.

Aachen TH Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin TU Bielefeld U Bingen FH
Bochum U Bonn U Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Rheinbach) Braunschweig TU Bremen HS
Bremen Jabobs University Bremen U Bremerhaven H Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU
Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U Dsseldorf U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen)
Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U Gelsenkirchen FH (Recklinghausen)
Gieen U Gttingen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hannover MHH
Hannover TiHo Hannover U Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Hohenheim U (Stuttgart)
Jena U Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U
Konstanz U Leipzig U Lbeck U Magdeburg U Mainz U (Germersheim, Mainz)
Marburg U Mnchen TU (Freising, Mnchen) Mnchen U Mnster U Oldenburg U
Osnabrck U Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U Saarbrcken U Stuttgart U
Trier U Tbingen U Ulm U Vechta H Weihenstephan FH (Freising) Wrzburg U
Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)
5.3
Biotechnology, Bioengineering
Study Field Outline

Biotechnology is seen as one of the key
technologies of our age. Biotechnological
processes have long been in use, for example in the production of yeast for baking
and brewing, in antibiotics and insulin as
well as in the use of micro-organisms in
sewage treatment plants. Following rapid
growth in the number of biotech companies that have been established in recent
years, Germany now counts some 480
purely biotech focused companies, thereby
leading the way in Europe.
Biotechnology focuses particularly on the
study of biological systems, especially
micro-organisms, with a view to developing technical processes and methods
for the industrial production of cell and
tissue cultures (e.g. biomass), cellular
contents (enzymes, etc.), cellular products

(alcohol, citric acid, antibiotics, etc.) as
well as for the degradation of pollutants
(sewage treatment plants). The advent of
genetic engineering, in particular, has
turned biotechnology into one of the key
technologies of the future for farming and
agriculture, the food industry, medicine,
pharmacy, energy and power management, and environmental protection.
Hence, it is an interdisciplinary work field
that has long created a demand for specially-qualified biotech all-rounders who unite
a range of specialist skills and expertise.
This demand is now being met by many
relatively new biotechnology or bioengineering degree programmes. These unite
specialist knowledge from the fields of
biology, biochemistry and chemistry with
the methods and techniques of engineering. On the one hand, courses focus on
genetics, molecular biology and microbiology, and on process engineering, chemical
engineering and environmental engineering, on the other. This calls for students
to have a broad-based interest in technical
and scientific contexts. They learn how to
apply their scientific-theoretical knowledge
to technical contexts or to implement the
findings of pure biotechnological research
on an industrial scale by applying modern

processes, methods and techniques, thereby developing practical uses for these findings and insights. The interdisciplinarity
of these programmes is mirrored by their
internationality. Some institutions offer
biotechnology degree programmes with an
international focus or integrated semesters
abroad.

and take modules from the fields of technical chemistry (chemical engineering),
chemical and biological reactors, instrument and plant engineering, immune
chemistry, bioprocess engineering/reactor
engineering, fermentation and processing, enzyme technology, environmental
biochemistry, bioprocess engineering/
pharmaceuticals, metabolic physiology
and ecology of micro-organisms, technical biochemistry and microbiology/biochemical engineering and microbiology,
microbes and molecular genetics, anatomy
and physiology, organ diseases and treatment/therapy, clinical testing of drugs,
cell culture engineering, legal principles of
biotechnology, industrial hygiene, quality
assurance; internships and project work.
Optional modules enable students to individually consolidate or specialise in their
studies.
Practical experience/internships: Univer-
sities require students to complete a basic

internship of varying length, although
in most cases this does not need to be
completed before they start their studies.
Depending on their school/vocational
qualifications, students at universities of
applied sciences generally need to complete a pre-study internship of several
weeks; practical phases of varying length
Studies: In the first (undergraduate) study
sections, modules deliver the natural sciences, mathematical and subject specific
principles in mathematics, chemistry
(inorganic, organic, physical chemistry),
physics, process engineering, microbiology, genetics, molecular cell biology
and biotechnology, statistics, biological
information systems (biocomputing/
bioinformatics). Students can also acquire
cross-disciplinary key qualifications. As
studies progress, students consolidate
their knowledge in the relevant principles

main study stage.

Aachen FH (Jlich) Aachen TH Aalen HS Anhalt HS (Kthen) Bayreuth U Berlin TFH
Berlin TU Biberach HS Bielefeld FH Bielefeld U Bingen FH Bonn U Braunschweig TU
Bremen HS Bremen Jacobs University Bremen U Bremerhaven H Darmstadt HS
Dortmund TU Dresden TU Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Esslingen HS Flensburg FH
Frankfurt am Main FH Freiburg U Furtwangen HS (Villingen-Schwenningen) Gelsenkirchen
FH (Recklinghausen) Gieen U Gieen-Friedberg FH (Gieen) Hamburg HAW Hamburg U
Hamburg-Harburg TU Hannover U Heidelberg U Hohenheim U (Stuttgart) Jena FH
Kaiserslautern FH (Pirmasens, Zweibrcken) Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U Lausitz FH
(Senftenberg) Lippe und Hxter FH (Detmold, Lemgo) Lbeck U Magdeburg U
Mannheim HS Mittweida HS Mnchen HS Mnchen TU (Freising) Mnster U
Neubrandenburg HS Niederrhein HS (Krefeld) Offenburg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /
Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden) Rostock U Rottenburg HS Stuttgart U Sdwestfalen FH
(Iserlohn) Trier FH (Birkenfeld) Weihenstephan FH (Freising) Wiesbaden FH (Rsselsheim)
Wildau TFH Wrzburg U Zittau IHI Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)
5.4
Chemistry, Food Chemistry
Study Field Outline

Chemistry is the natural science that studies the structure, properties, composition
and the nuclear transmutation of substances. In chemical terms, substances are
the elements and the compounds made up
of these. Qualitative and quantitative analysis provides the knowledge and insights
needed for the production (synthesis) of
new, not naturally occurring substances.
The main branches of chemistry are inorganic chemistry, which deals with all the
elements and their compounds, except
for carbon, and organic chemistry, which
studies the carbon (organic) compounds,
which are in the numerical majority. Physical chemistry addresses the principles of
chemistry, such as bonding theory, thermodynamics, kinetics and complex formation, and is based on methods originating
from mathematics and physics. This field

is closely related to theoretical chemistry,
which deals with the theory of chemical
bonding, and the explanation and understanding of chemical processes resulting
from the interaction between different
substances and the transfer of electrons or
processes to reaction surfaces. Analytical
chemistry is also an important branch of
chemistry. This examines the chemical
compounds and compound mixes on the
basis of the type and volume of their components. Growing significance attaches
to macromolecular chemistry (polymeric
chemistry), which deals with the synthesis
of new plastics.
Applied chemistry opens up the use of
chemical knowledge for many areas of
human life. This involves developing
methods for the large-scale production
of plastics and man-made fibres, mineral

fertilisers, or pesticides. Applied chemistry
overlaps and intersects with process engineering/chemical engineering in many
areas. Further branches of chemistry
include, for example, biochemistry that
provides a bridge from organic chemistry
to biology and is being offered in independent degree programmes at ever more
institutions, to geochemistry that concerns
itself with the chemistry of the soil, the
Earth surface, etc. and thereby has links
with the geosciences/Earth sciences, and
agricultural chemistry which has points
of contact with the agricultural sciences.
Pharmaceutical chemistry forms the link
to pharmacy. A new branch is to be seen
in ecochemistry, which develops methods
for detecting and identifying environmental chemicals in ecosystems and provides
a basis for evaluating chemical environmental risks. Other subject areas include
building chemistry, nuclear chemistry,
electrical chemistry, textile or detergent
chemistry.
Business chemistry serves as an interface
between chemistry and business. The
degree programme offers a professionorientated combination of studies in
natural sciences and business administration. These interdisciplinary degree
programmes qualify graduates for a wide
range of different career fields in the
chemical and pharmaceutical industry as
well as in consultancy companies.
of detecting and identifying false products

(forgeries and fakes); this field also studies numerous additives, tobacco products
and cosmetics. Finally, it also covers consumer articles like food packaging, clothing items, toys, domestic cleaning agents,
household deodorants and insecticides
in domestic residences. Food chemistry
should not be confused with food technology, which involves technical procedures
for the production and processing of foodstuffs, or with dietetics (nutrition science),
which is devoted to the study of human
nutrition from physiological, economic
and other perspectives. Independent university degree programmes in food chemistry end with a state examination and
are governed by the education and examination regulations of the federal states
(Lnder). Besides these options, food
chemistry may also be studied as a major
within degree programmes in chemistry
or pharmacy.
While university studies concentrate
primarily on the scientific principles and
methods of chemistry and their applications in the chemical industry, the more
engineering-focused degree programmes
in chemistry offered at universities of
applied sciences aim to provide graduates
with the qualifications needed for working independently in laboratories as well
as in industrial production and operations
sectors.
Food chemistry deals with the chemistry

of foods and their composition in terms of
ingredients, with changes caused by storage and processing, and methods of analysing and testing purity and quality and
Students of food chemistry not only need

to attend special lectures and complete
special internships during their studies,
but must also complete 12 months of practical training in a chemistry or food chemistry testing institute after passing the first
state examination.
Studies: Modules deliver the mathematical and natural sciences principles of
chemistry in subjects like general, organic,
inorganic, and physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, biological chemistry, plus
mathematics and physics for chemical scientists, technical chemistry/engineering
chemistry, biochemistry, macromolecular
chemistry and theoretical chemistry, toxicology, spectroscopic methods, safety and

security, law. Majors and specialisations
may be chosen in accordance with the
students special interests, e.g. in theoretical chemistry, biochemistry, quality
assurance, radiochemistry, environmental
or water chemistry or from the teaching
offered by other departments, such as
materials research, structural biology, toxicology or chemical information. Cross-disciplinary modules cover topics like ethics,
foreign languages, business management,
patent law.
The food chemistry degree programme
has a strong analytical orientation and also
considers biological and microbiological
methods as well as aspects of food law.

Aachen TH Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin TU Bielefeld U Bochum U
Bonn U Braunschweig TU Bremen Jacobs University Bremen U Chemnitz TU
Clausthal TU Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U Dsseldorf U
Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main U Freiberg TUBergAk
Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hannover U
Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Hohenheim U (Stuttgart) Jena U Kaiserslautern TU
Karlsruhe U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U Konstanz U Leipzig U Lneburg U
Mainz U Marburg U Mnchen TU (Garching) Mnchen U Mnster U Oldenburg U
Osnabrck U Paderborn U Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U Saarbrcken U
Siegen U Stuttgart U Tbingen U Ulm U Vechta H Wuppertal U Wrzburg U

Sciences
Practical experience/internships: No prestudy internships usually required. Practical phases of varying length are completed
during the studies.
Studies: Modules in the subjects math-
ematics/applied mathematics and statistics, physics, physical chemistry, general,

analytical, organic and inorganic chemistry, technical chemistry/engineering
chemistry, polymer chemistry and biochemistry, synthetics, plastics and man-
made/artificial/synthetic materials, analysis engineering, fluid mechanics/fluidics,

instrumental analytics, mechanical and
thermal process engineering, process
simulation, plant planning, instrumental
and control engineering. Students can
build their own profiles through numerous elective modules or majors/core
study areas in fields like environmental
chemistry/environmental technology,
plant engineering, chemical/biological
process engineering and processes, food
and consumer protection, nuclear chemistry. Complementary modules include
technical English, presentation and tech-
5.5
nical documentation, business management.

main study stage.

Aachen FH (Jlich) Aalen HS Berlin TFH
Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Rheinbach)
Esslingen HS Gelsenkirchen FH
(Recklinghausen) Idstein EFF Isny NTA
Lippe und Hxter FH (Detmold, Lemgo)
Niederrhein HS (Krefeld) Nrnberg HS
Reutlingen HS Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)
Computer Science
Study Field Outline

Computer science is the discipline, technology and application of automated/
machine data and information processing,
storage and transmission, in particular
aided by computers. Computer science is
closely related to mathematics and electrical engineering/electronics, but is also to
be regarded as a basic and cross-sectional
discipline that concerns itself with technical, organisational and social problems in
the development and application of information processing systems.
Computer science studies the fundamental procedures of information processing
and the general methods of applying such
procedures to a wide range of different
areas. Through abstraction and modelling it extends both beyond the field of
concrete technical implementations of

information processing systems and also
beyond the special features of specific
applications to formulate generally applicable laws. Building on this, computer
science develops standard solutions for
various practical uses, such as managing
large volumes of data and information
and controlling complex production processes.
Computer science has been offered as an
academic discipline in Germany since the
end of the 1960s. In the university sector,
degree courses are usually called Informatik (computer science / information
systems), in which the content, especially
in the early semesters, is taught without
consideration of the special orientations.
Consolidation in the classical branches
theoretical computer science,

practical computer science,
technical computer science / technical
information systems,
applied computer science / applied
information systems
generally follow in the more advanced
study stages. Beyond these disciplines,
computer science programmes nowadays
always address the problem fields of artificial intelligence, automated theorem
proving, expert systems, linguistic and
visual communication as well as robotics.
Similarly, it has become practically inconceivable for a degree programme in computing not to offer studies in complementary areas, in minor, core study areas or
specialisation to provide insights into the
problems and requirements of a selected
field of application.
And so universities also offer special
degree programmes in which the applied
focus and computer science are closely
combined in an integrated degree programme as has become common practice
at the universities of applied sciences with
their extensive focus on applications and
practice. The degree programmes in
software engineering,
technical computer science / technical
information systems,
business computing / business information systems
are found at both types of higher education institutions. Besides these fields,
other study opportunities are also offered
with a greater focus on a particular field of
application, such as
media information systems, media

computing or computer visualisation,
medical information systems, medical
computer science,
biological information systems, biocomputing,
geo information systems (GIS), geoinformatics,
computer linguistics,
applied systems science, combined with
mathematics plus an applied subject
related, for example, to mathematical
models for the field of environmental
protection/ecology.
The study of computer science focuses centrally on providing a training that enables
students to develop models for describing
complex systems, to correctly identify the key
factors of influence, to systematically find
algorithmic solutions for detailed problems,
and to produce or create practical, ready-to-use
applied systems. This not only calls for good
analytical skills and a well-founded knowledge of high-performance programming
methods, but also for a broad foundation of
concepts, models and methods from the fields
of mathematics, logic and computer science
theory plus a basic understanding of the logical and technical structure and architecture
of computers. In general, university studies
concentrate on finding fundamental solutions
and general methods as well as on developing
new procedures and applications. By contrast,
studies at universities of applied sciences
aim to apply scientifically-proven methods
and general procedures to solving concrete
practical problems and to improving standard
engineering solutions. The extremely high
pace of innovation in IT makes it necessary to
constantly update and adjust the knowledge
and insights and to specialise more.
Studies: Early semesters focus on modules
in the core areas of computer science and

on the mathematical principles, including
analysis, linear algebra, logic, principle of
stochastic and statistical methods, algorithms and data structures, programme
and software engineering, technical computing/technical information systems,
operating systems and networks, databases, computer architecture, operating systems, theoretical computer science/computer science theory. This stage is followed by
consolidation studies and profile-building
through specialisation and the selection
of minors or subsidiaries, such as physics, mathematics, biosciences, medicine,
mechanical engineering, business management, linguistics, economics and business

administration, for example with applied
focuses like software engineering, communications technology, image processing,
database systems, signal processing, simulation, parallel and distributed systems,
medical information systems, robotics and
process information systems, scientific
computing, etc. The choice of minors and
majors may differ from one institution to
the next. Additional software internships,
project assignments and theses (including
an industrial internship/work placement)
plus cross-disciplinary courses like team
management, English, presentation techniques, starting up and managing software
companies.

Aachen TH Augsburg U Bamberg U Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin TU
Bielefeld U Bochum U Bonn U Braunschweig TU Bremen Jacobs University
Bremen U Bruchsal IU Chemnitz TU Clausthal TU Cottbus TU Darmstadt TU
Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U Dsseldorf U Erlangen-Nrnberg U
(Erlangen) Frankfurt am Main U Freiberg TUBergAk Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U
Greifswald U Hagen FernU Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hamburg-Harburg TU
Hannover U Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Ilmenau TU Jena U Kaiserslautern TU
Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U (Koblenz) Kln U Konstanz U
Leipzig U Lbeck U Lneburg U Magdeburg U Mainz U Mannheim U Marburg U
Mnchen TU (Garching) Mnchen U Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg) Mnster U Oldenburg U
Osnabrck U Paderborn U Passau U Potsdam U Rostock U Saarbrcken U
Siegen U Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U Ulm U Wuppertal U Wrzburg U

Sciences

Studies: Modules on the mathematical,

physical and technical principles: Introduction to computer science, theoretical
computer science, data processing sys-

tems, programming languages, operating

systems, mathematics and probability calculus, physical principles, business information systems. Consolidation in special
fields with modules like software engineering, applied computer science, applied
analysis, electrical engineering principles,
operating systems, communications and
networks, digital technology and engineering, microprocessor engineering and
computer systems, software architecture,
algorithms and data structures, compiler
design, distributed information systems,
information security. Depending on the
institution in question, specialisation and
core study areas in fields like software
engineering, process and automation engineering, autonomous intelligent systems,

biological information systems, economics
and law, environmental and natural sciences, multimedia applications, communications systems, information and communications management are possible.
In addition, practical seminars/project
assignments plus modules with cross-disciplinary content, such as the principles of
economics and business administration,
contract and liability law, project management, English.
main study stage.

Aachen FH Aalen HS Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Albstadt) Amberg-Weiden FH (Amberg)
Anhalt HS (Kthen) Augsburg FH Berlin FHTW Berlin FHVR Berlin FHW Berlin MDH
(Berlin, Dsseldorf, Mnchen) Berlin TFH Bielefeld FH Bingen FH Bochum HS BonnRhein-Sieg FH (Sankt Augustin) Brandenburg FH Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH
(Wolfenbttel, Wolfsburg) Bremen HS Bremerhaven H Coburg HS Darmstadt FernHS
(Darmstadt, Pfungstadt) Darmstadt HS (Darmstadt, Dieburg) Dortmund FH Dresden FHDW
Dresden HTW Dsseldorf FH Erfurt FH Essen FOM (Berlin, Bochum, Dortmund, Duisburg,
Dsseldorf, Essen, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg, Kln, Mnchen, Neuss, Nrnberg, Siegen,
Stuttgart) Esslingen HS Flensburg FH Frankfurt am Main FH Fulda HS Furtwangen HS
Gelsenkirchen FH (Gelsenkirchen) Gieen-Friedberg FH Hamburg HAW Hannover FH
Hannover FHDW Harz HS (Wernigerode) Heidelberg HS Heilbronn HHN Hof FH
Ingolstadt FH Isny NTA Jena FH Kaiserslautern FH (Kaiserslautern, Zweibrcken)
Karlsruhe HS Kempten FH Kiel FH Kln FH (Gummersbach, Kln) Konstanz HS
Landshut FH Lausitz FH (Cottbus, Senftenberg) Leipzig HfTL Leipzig HTWK Lippe und
Hxter FH (Hxter) Lbeck FH Mannheim HS Merseburg FH Mittweida HS
Mnchen HS Mnchen FHVerwaltung (Hof) Mnster FH (Steinfurt) Niederrhein HS
(Krefeld) Nordhausen FH Nrnberg HS Offenburg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /
Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden, Wilhelmshaven) Osnabrck FH Paderborn FHDW Pforzheim HS
Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Regensburg FH Reutlingen HS Rosenheim FH
Saarland HTW Schmalkalden FH Stralsund FH Stuttgart HdM Stuttgart HFT
Sdwestfalen FH (Hagen, Iserlohn) Trier FH (Birkenfeld, Trier) Ulm HS Wedel FH
Weihenstephan FH (Freising) Wiesbaden FH Wildau TFH Worms FH Wrzb.Schweinf.-FH Zittau/Grlitz HS (Grlitz, Zittau) Zwickau HS
5.6
Domestic and Nutritional Science/Dietetics
Study Field Outline

Domestic science (home economics) studies the technical, business administrative
and social problems that arise in the management of private households and residences or in canteens, student refectories,
hospitals, homes, institutions, etc.
Nutritional science/dietetics is concerned
with studying the physiological, economic
and technical aspects of healthy, balanced,
whole food nutrition as a prerequisite
for health and performance. It is clearly
separated from food chemistry and food
technology.
Nutritional sciences and dietetics programmes are often offered as joint degree
programmes, in most cases under the
heading of ecotrophology (a term not
generally used in English). Studies in
food economics/economics of nutrition
Practical experience/internships: Stu-
dents are generally required to complete

industrial internships of several months
in companies working in the food and
consumer goods industry, consultancy
offices, etc.
Studies: A basic knowledge of natural sci-
ences is delivered in modules like applied

mathematics and statistics, physics, general and inorganic chemistry, organic and
focus on aspects of the food industry

and the (retail) food trade (food industry)
along with the economic problems faced
by institutional and private households.
Increasing importance is being placed on
aspects of service management and facility management, which are partly offered
as independent degree programmes and
partly as core study areas.
The natural sciences, social sciences,
orientated training is very diverse to take
account of the later career options, since
technical, organisational and economic
questions need to be addressed and solved,
and, at the same time, cultural and social
standards and habits of the recipients/consumers have to be considered.
physical chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, microbiology and genetics,

physiology. Students subsequently extend
and consolidate their knowledge in specialist subjects in modules like inorganic
and bioinorganic chemistry, human biology, food biology, biochemistry of nutrition, food toxicology, food chemistry, food
law, nutritional physiology, nutritional
medicine, food quality and quality control,
plus modules in product management in
the food industry, the economics of private households and services companies
or in the agricultural and food industry

markets. Students can often create their
own profiles by taking additional optional
modules.

Sciences
is often required or recommended in the
occupational field of home economics
and nutrition. Practical phases of varying
Studies: Basic modules in the initial
semesters cover food chemistry, food
analysis, human nutrition, physiology,
mathematics and statistics, applied computer science, food technology, microbiology, food toxicology, and from the fields
of psychology counselling, market and
household, project assignment/thesis,
5.7

Berlin TU Bonn U Flensburg U
Gieen U Halle-Wittenberg U
Hannover U Hohenheim U (Stuttgart)
Jena U Kiel U Mnchen TU (Freising)
Mnster U Potsdam U
foreign languages. Additional modules for

consolidation include areas like business
and society, specialist information systems, hygiene, sensor engineering, food
science, food production and evaluation,
consumer protection, organisational management plus practical career studies and
a project thesis. Students can create their
own profiles by taking optional modules,
mostly in fields like food and nutritional
science, food industry, service and supply,
nutrition and health.

Anhalt HS (Bernburg) Fulda HS
Hamburg HAW Mnster FH Niederrhein
HS (Mnchengladbach) Osnabrck FH
Weihenstephan FH (Triesdorf)
Geography
Study Field Outline

Geography is the science of the study of
the Earths surface (geosphere). It deals
with the whole systematic interrelationship between land, sea and air and the
options open to man for shaping and

influencing this environment. Attention
focuses primarily on the spatial aspect of
the investigated systems. Depending on
the chosen perspective and description of
these activities, points of contact are cre-
ated with the natural sciences, the arts and

humanities, and the social sciences.
The traditional major branches of geography are the more science-focused fields of
physical geography and human geography,
which focus more on aspects of the social
sciences and the arts and humanities.
Both fields have developed into relatively
independent branches with differing questions and methods. Branches of physical
geography include geomorphology (the
study of the Earths surface structure), soil
science (pedology), hydrology, climatology and biogeography (animal and plant
geography / geography of fauna and flora).
Human geography and cultural geography
primarily deal with industrial geography,
settlement geography, as well as demographic and social geography. Course
contents also cover statistics, aerial analysis
and mapping (cartography). Problems of
environmental protection and questions of
national, regional and urban planning have
opened up new and important responsibilities and challenges for geographers.
Studies: Introductory modules into the
subject-specific, work methodology and

social sciences principles of geography.
Empirical research, sociology and political
science, social, economic and settlement
geography, urban and regional development, biogeography/soil science (pedology), geosystem Earth, geology, climatology
and bodies of water, cartography, geographical aerial and satellite image analysis, information systems/geo information
Regional studies have a stronger philological focus. They combine the study
of languages with the political and economic/industrial aspects of the respective
regions.
Important auxiliary and complementary
subjects for the study of geography include
basic mathematics and science disciplines
along with social and economic sciences.
The potential breadth of the subject catalogue makes it important for students
to define their core study areas and specialisations at an early stage. A knowledge
of foreign languages is indispensable,
especially since programmes very often
use specialist literature written in English
and French, even in the early stages of the
studies. Laboratory work and computeraided simulation models have become
increasingly important.
systems. Depending on the institution in

question, students can chose from various
consolidation areas, such as human geography, physical geography, regional analysis. Cross-disciplinary modules on key
skills, such as field courses/excursions,
laboratory internships. Depending on the
institution in question, the programme
may be divided into several study sections.

Aachen TH Augsburg U Bamberg U Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Bochum U
Bonn U Bremen U Dresden TU Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt) Erlangen-Nrnberg U
(Erlangen) Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U
Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hannover U Heidelberg U
Hildesheim U Jena U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U Leipzig U Mainz U
Marburg U Mnchen U Mnster U Osnabrck U Potsdam U Trier U Tbingen U
Vechta H Wrzburg U
5.8
Geosciences/Earth Sciences
Study Field Outline

The term geosciences/earth sciences
refers to those sciences that treat the
Earth as a whole. Geophysics concerns
itself with the physics of the Earth and its
magnetic field, as well as with how (outer)
space impacts the Earth. The physical
processes taking place in the Earths
atmosphere are treated by the field of
meteorology, which is also responsible for
weather forecasting. Long-term changes
to the atmosphere are studied by climatology.
Oceanography/marine science deals
primarily with the physics of the oceans,
with the main focus directed towards
studying the interaction between oceanic
and atmospheric currents due to their
importance for the weather and climate.
In the field of cartography (sea charts),
oceanography has points of contact with
geography.
Geology studies the development and
composition of the Earths crust. It exam-
ines physical and chemical changes on the

Earths (exogenous) surface and the forms
of thermal and mechanical impact within
the Earths (endogenous) surface which
have resulted in enormous changes in the
course of the Earths history. Fossilised
animals and plants (palaeontology the
study of the history of the Earths crust)
and radiometric time measurements serve
as dating tools.
Mineralogy is the materials-based geoscience. It researches the chemical, physical and biogenetic properties of materials
and the role they play in the processes of
the System Earth. Its methods and concepts focus equally on researching natural
and synthetic materials and their application. Focuses include, on the one hand,
crystallography, and, on the other, petrology (rock science), geochemistry and the
geology of mineral deposits; the latter is of
particular significance to mining.
In its capacity as an interdisciplinary,
applied natural science focused on environmental problems (especially the effects
of foreign contaminants), geoecology

deals with energy and material cycles
between the Earths atmosphere, the soil
(pedosphere), the geological subterranean
sphere (lithosphere), the hydrosphere and
the biosphere.
The geosciences-focused field of hydrology studies hydrological processes and
systems on a natural sciences basis. It
also takes into account aspects of modern
environmental science and develops ecologically-orientated and interdisciplinary
approaches. The training is based on an
independent full Diplom degree course in
hydrology. Mathematics, physics, biology
and chemistry are the key auxiliary sciences for the geosciences/earth sciences.
respect of concrete questions, these are

spatially distributed in limited areas.
Geotechnics deals with soils and rocks
for civil engineering purposes. As a link
between applied geology and civil engineering, the field serves to implement geoscientific knowledge in earth and foundation engineering, in rock engineering and
in underground and special underground
civil engineering (galleries, tunnelling and
caverns).
Applied Geology deals with the interaction

between geology and man (humankind).
It studies close-to-surface soil and rock
layers from applied, practical perspectives,
including, not least, the production of risk
analyses. It also studies the development
potential (zoning/development) of land
areas or the use of soil and rock. Studies
focus on the mechanical properties, followed by chemical aspects, and how, in
Geo information systems represent a

novel, interdisciplinary research area that
serves as a bridge between computer science and the geosciences (Earth sciences).
This area deals with the development
and application of methods to produce
computer-aided solutions to specific
problems in research, industry, politics
and administration in which the spatial
reference of information is important. The
acquired findings are used in geo information systems (GIS), for example SatNavs,
and so facilitate the optimal exploitation of
spatial/locational data, e.g. in environmental protection, traffic management or civil
engineering.

previous qualifications in a basic and an

advanced internship.
Practical experience/internships: Several
Studies: All the degree programmes in this

field initially deliver the geosciences, physical, biological, chemical and mathematical
principles. In the geosciences programmes,
this includes modules like the Earth, mineralogical and petrological basic knowledge, geo information systems, geochemis-
weeks of professional practical work during the studies or the semester vacation
(recess) recommended or in some cases
prescribed. Programmes at universities of
applied sciences offer natural resources
and geoengineering depending on the
try, sedimentology, tectonics, palaeontology

and earth history, hydrogeology, geophysics. As studies progress and depending on
the programme in question, students can
set various focuses and specialisations.
In geosciences programmes, for
example, this includes modules like
astrophysics, geochemistry, geo information systems, geology, geophysics,
hydrogeology/environmental geology,
engineering geology/geoengineering,
mineralogy, petrology/mineral deposits
research, palaeontology.
In geoecology programmes, the focus is
on landscape ecology, soil science
(pedology), hydrology, mineralogy/
geochemistry, bio information systems/
geo information systems.
In geoengineering and applied geology
programmes, students consolidate their
knowledge in applications-orientated
fields plus branches of geoengineering
like sampling, methods of calculation,
soil and rock mechanics, drilling
engineering, special underground
mining, civil engineering (galleries,
tunnelling and caverns).
5.9
In meteorology programmes, the

training includes modules in theoretical, experimental and applied meteorology, including climatology, with experimental and numerical internships plus
a cross-disciplinary elective subject.
Excursions (often including abroad), mapping internships and field exercises represent an important part of the programme
and complement the lectures and practical
courses. Modules in general and subjectspecific key qualifications round off the
training.

Aachen TH Bayreuth U Berlin FU
Berlin TU Bochum TFH Bochum U
Bonn U Braunschweig TU Bremen
Jacobs University Bremen U
Clausthal TU Darmstadt TU Dresden TU
am Main U Freiberg TUBergAk
Freiburg U Gttingen U Greifswald U
Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U
Hannover U Heidelberg U Jena U
Karlsruhe U Kiel U Kln U Leipzig U
Mainz U Mnchen TU Mnchen U
Mnster U Potsdam U Trier U
Tbingen U
Mathematics
Study Field Outline

Mathematics is divided into the two major
branches of pure and applied mathematics. The main areas of pure mathematics
are algebra, analysis, geometry, topology

and numbers theory, while applied mathematics focuses on numerical analysis,
optimisation and stochastic theory and
processes.
Pure mathematics deals with abstract

structures and their internal relationships,
attempting to derive as many statements
or conclusions as possible from a few
assumptions.
By contrast, applied mathematics aims
to provide a set of instruments for using
quantitative methods to process questions
from the fields of natural sciences and
engineering, medicine, as well as economics and social sciences.
A major field of application in numerical mathematics (numerics) involves the
development and analysis of numerical
algorithms, for example, for solving differential equations which, for their part,
are fundamental to describing processes
taking place in nature, in engineering
and technology, or even in the financial
markets.
Stochastic theory provides a quantitative
description and a methodology for analysing random phenomena in our everyday
sphere of experience. This includes, for
example, deriving statistical procedures for
analysing complex data structures, determining price formulae for financial derivatives traded on the stock exchanges or for
risk controlling in the field of actuarial
(insurance) mathematics.
In contrast to computer science, mathematics focuses on theory-based algorithms
or relations whose efficiency and precision can be proven and whose improved
efficiency cannot necessarily be achieved
by using better computers. Conversely,
improved computing provides opportunities for not only examining complex mod-
els theoretically, but also places the appropriate software at the disposal of the user.
The fields of business or industrial mathematics, statistics and technomathematics
have evolved from mathematics to become
independent disciplines. Both business
and industrial mathematics perform functions in almost all branches of business
and industry. Major fields of application
are to be found in insurance and finance.
Studies have a very strong practical focus.
The objective for statistics is to develop
mathematical methods for analysing
empirical data. The computer-compatible
development of mathematical models for
solving and analysing engineering problems is undertaken by technomathematics (engineering mathematics). Applied
systems science focuses on mathematical
models for applications in environmental
protection/ecology. Biomathematicians
have special knowledge in various disciplines from the field of biology as well as
the requisite basic knowledge from other
natural sciences. They define biological
or medical questions in the language of
mathematics and use or develop models
and methods to solve these.
The study of mathematics aims to enable
students to learn and master mathematical
concepts and methods. It requires an ability for abstract thinking which is a basic
requirement for those wishing to work as
mathematicians. A willingness to engage
in interdisciplinary cooperation is just as
important, and so is already considered
in the degree programmes by obliging
students to select a minor or subsidiary
subject. The chosen minor or consolidation subject will usually be chosen from
the field of natural sciences or engineering, economics or computer science,

depending on the institution in question.
This choice already marks the first careerrelevant decision for the students later
professional assignment fields.
stochastic theory (probability calculus and

statistics, modelling), numerical analysis
and optimisation. Additional modules on
the chosen technical, natural sciences,
medical or economic fields of application. In addition, students acquire various
methods and work techniques, principles
of computer science and the use of professional software and learn advanced
programming languages, including computer practical courses. Elective modules
cover areas like pure mathematics or various applied subjects and enable students
to create their own profiles.
Students generally complete a practical

phase in business, industry or a research
institution during their studies.
Studies: Based on a well-founded school
knowledge of mathematics, the mathematical principles are taught and consolidated in the fields of analysis (differential
and integral calculus, complex analysis,
integration theory), linear algebra and analytical geometry, applied mathematics

Aachen TH Augsburg U Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin TU Bielefeld U
Bochum U Bonn U Braunschweig TU Bremen Jacobs University Bremen U
Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt) Erfurt U
Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main U Freiberg TUBergAk
Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U Greifswald U Hagen FernU Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg U Hannover U Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Ilmenau TU Jena U
Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U
Konstanz U Leipzig U Lneburg U Magdeburg U Mainz U Mannheim U Marburg U
Mnchen TU (Garching) Mnchen U Mnster U Oldenburg U Osnabrck U
Paderborn U Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U Saarbrcken U Siegen U
Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U Ulm U Vechta H Wuppertal U Wrzburg U

Sciences
Practical experience/internships: None
generally required before studies begin.
Studies: Modules on the principles of

mathematics, analysis, linear algebra,
numerical mathematics, probability calculus and statistics, geometry, stochastic
theory, data structures and algorithms.
Students also learn work techniques as

well as aspects from the field of computer science/programming/mathematical
software. In the advanced study stages,
students consolidate their knowledge in
subjects like numerical mathematics,
differential calculus, database systems.
students can set core study areas by choosing applied modules in business mathematics (finance and insurance/actuarial
mathematics, operational research), industrial mathematics/technical mathematics and corresponding practical projects.
Modules also deliver interdisciplinary key
qualifications in the fields of business
administration, law, foreign languages,
presentation techniques.

Aachen FH (Aachen, Jlich) Berlin FHTW
Berlin TFH Bielefeld FH Darmstadt HS
Flensburg FH Gieen-Friedberg FH
(Friedberg) Koblenz FH (Remagen)
Leipzig HTWK Mittweida HS
Mnchen HS Regensburg FH
Stuttgart HFT Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)
5.10 Physics, Physical Engineering, Astronomy

Study Field Outline
Physics is a fundamental science which
has perhaps had a greater impact on the
technology, business and industry of our
world than any other science. And our
concepts of the world in general are also
largely based on research findings produced by physics. Precise measurements
of natural phenomena, whether observed
directly or in experimental surroundings,
enable us to reduce natural phenomena
down to numerical relationships (experimental physics) and mathematically formulated laws (theoretical physics). This
has led to a progressive accumulation
of knowledge and by means of technical application to the utilisation and
exploitation of nature (applied physics).

Recent examples of the implementation of
physical research in technical applications
include semiconductor engineering, optoelectronics, nanoengineering and laser
physics. Due to the highly mathematical
nature of theoretical physics, the field of
mathematics is the foremost auxiliary science for physicists and makes very heavy
demands on undergraduates in particular.
Recent years have seen new interdisciplinary degree programmes with substantial
proportions of physics established to allow
students to specialise.
Astrophysics, which involves the physical
examination of celestial bodies (planetary
system, the Sun, fixed stars, interstellar
matter) and space (galaxies, (outer) space

and the universe as a whole, cosmology),
is the main focus of attention in astronomy. And so the training of astronomers
involves the study of physics in the course
of which astronomical and astrophysical
aspects play an increasingly important
role. Physical methods are also important
for other fields, such as in geophysics or
metals science. The interdisciplinary study
of biophysics deals with the application
of physical and physicochemical methods
for researching elementary and complex
life processes. It combines a well-founded
basic biological-chemical training with
a comprehensive physical-mathematical
training, including the principles of computer science. Building physics deals with
the physical problems faced in building
and construction (civil engineering), such
as effective noise and thermal insulation.
The study of physics aims to enable future
physicists to conduct pure research across
a broad range of fields and to develop
Practical experience/internships: Recom-
mended before the commencement of

studies.
Studies: Basic training in experimental
and theoretical physics, mathematics and
other physical and non-physical fields.
Plus institution-specific consolidation
areas and the familiarisation with experimental and theoretical working methods
(e.g. use and handling of physics-based
equipment, use of computer measure-
their findings in the R&D departments

of business and industry to produce new
or improved applications in many different fields. These programmes also aim to
qualify future physics teachers with the
skills and ability to teach a knowledge of
and the methods of physics; a good knowledge of the history of physics and natural
sciences in general are important prerequisites.
Engineering physics programmes are
mainly offered by the universities of
applied sciences, and, in some cases, individually as technical physics at universities. Programmes like these serve to train
engineers and so enable them to apply
their knowledge of physics in technical
applications and engineering. Besides
laser engineering, technical optics as well
as solid state physics, solar engineering,
cryoengineering and plasma technology
and analytical microscopy play an important role.
ment and evaluation procedures). Modules

offered include mathematics for physicists, scientific computing, experimental
physics, chemistry, theoretical physics,
technical physics, engineering. Optional
subjects often include a non-physics
complementary subject. Project studies,
experimental exercises and professional
internships. Cross-disciplinary modules
teach key qualifications, business administration and law.

Aachen TH Augsburg U Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin TU Bielefeld U
Bochum U Bonn U Braunschweig TU Bremen Jacobs University Bremen U
Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) Dsseldorf U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Flensburg U
Frankfurt am Main U Freiberg TUBergAk Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U
Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hamburg-Harburg TU Hannover U
Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Ilmenau TU Jena U Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U
Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U Konstanz U Leipzig U Lneburg U
Magdeburg U Mainz U Marburg U Mnchen TU (Garching) Mnchen U Mnster U
Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Paderborn U Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U
Saarbrcken U Siegen U Stuttgart U Tbingen U Ulm U Wuppertal U Wrzburg U

Sciences
ships plus cross-disciplinary modules on

key qualifications round off the curriculum.

in a relevant area is sometimes required.
Practical phases of varying length are completed during the studies.
Studies: Programmes begin with
course modules that deliver the general

mathematical-physical and engineering
principles, whereby the physics part, e.g.
mechanics, optics and electrical engineering, is high. The subject-specific principles
are provided in modules on materials
science, fluid dynamics and thermodynamics, solid state physics, electronics,
automation engineering, technical optics,
computer science and technical design
theory. Subject-specific consolidation is
facilitated by applied modules in fields like
vacuum and cryoengineering, technical
optics, laser technologies, spectroscopy.
Exercises in the physics labs and intern-

Aachen FH (Jlich) Aalen HS
Berlin TFH Brandenburg FH Bremen HS
Coburg HS Gelsenkirchen FH
(Gelsenkirchen) Gieen-Friedberg FH
(Friedberg) Hildesheim/Holzminden/
Gttingen HAWK (Gttingen) Isny NTA
Jena FH Koblenz FH (Remagen)
Lbeck FH Mittweida HS Mnchen HS
Mnster FH (Steinfurt) Oldenburg /
Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden)
Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten)
Trier FH (Birkenfeld) Wiesbaden FH
(Rsselsheim) Wildau TFH Zwickau HS
5.11 Process Engineering/Chemical Engineering

Study Field Outline
Process engineering/chemical engineering
presents an interdisciplinary engineering
science that has developed at the interface
between mechanical engineering, technical/engineering physics, mathematics,
physical and technical chemistry.
Process engineering is the technology of
the nuclear transmutation of material /
material conversion. Physical, and especially, mechanical and thermal, as well
as chemical and biological processes are
examined and modelled. The aim is to
optimise the structuring of procedures and
operations for appropriate plants, facilities and installations. This also applies to
the field of thermal and fuel engineering
which with the exception electric heat
ranges from domestic heating through to
process heating in heavy industry, including the processing of fuels. Branches of
environmental engineering and biotechnology have recently experienced particularly rapid development.
While process engineering has ties with
mechanical engineering through its
branches of plant engineering and planning, chemical engineering (chemical
technology) focuses on the chemical,
biological and physical processes and
methods of material conversion/nuclear
transmutation. Examples include the
conversion of sugar into alcohol, ethylene
into polyethylene or the physical blending or separation of substances. Besides
the manufacturing of industrial products,
areas like environmental protection, recycling technology and the development of

resource-conserving production methods
are typical fields of application for chemical engineering.
Biotechnology uses microbiology, biochemistry and engineering to study biological systems, above all microorganisms,
for the purpose of developing engineering
procedures for the production of cell and
tissue cultures (biomass), cell contents
(enzymes, etc.), cell products (baking
yeast, alcohol, citric acid, antibiotics, etc.)
as well as pollutant degradation measures
(sewage treatment plants). Biotechnology
has made rapid strides forward since the
mid-1970s, above all as a result of genetic
engineering, and is now seen as the key
future technology for agriculture and
farming and the food industry, medicine,
pharmacy, the power-generating industry,
and environmental protection.
It is not always easy to clearly define and
distinguish process engineering and
chemical engineering from the more
metal processing orientated field of
production, manufacturing or processing
technology or from industrial engineering.
Most higher education institutions offer
studies in process engineering or chemical
engineering, in some cases, both together.
Differentiation then takes place in the
main study stage, whereby the consolidation options differ greatly.
University studies prepare students for

careers with the following focuses: basic
thermal and mechanical procedures and
laws, such as rectification, evaporation,
refrigeration, extraction, milling, centrifuging; development of engineering processes for material conversion / nuclear
transmutation; technical design, planning

and operation of process engineering
plants, industrial health and safety, and
plant safety. Universities of applied sciences programmes focus on teaching
technical design and production-related
knowledge and skills.
measurement and control engineering,

process information systems; specialisation in one of the areas mentioned at the
outset. The intermediate Diplom examination in related degree programmes
mechanical engineering, chemistry, physics, mathematics, electrical engineering
may be recognised for admission to the
main study stage.
Practical experience/internships: 26
weeks, of which in most cases only a part
needs to be completed before the studies
begin, with the remainder to be completed
before the intermediate or final examination.
practical courses in mathematics, numerical calculus, physics, chemistry, physical

chemistry, mechanics, fluid dynamics,
thermodynamics, technical principles.
Main study stage: Advanced study with
chemistry, heat and material transmission,
chemical, thermal and mechanical process
engineering, process and plant technology, mechanical and apparatus technology,

Sciences
is generally required. Practical phases of
studies.

Aachen TH Berlin TU
Braunschweig TU Clausthal TU
Cottbus TU Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU
Dresden TU Erlangen-Nrnberg U
(Erlangen) Freiberg TUBergAk HamburgHarburg TU Kaiserslautern TU
Karlsruhe U Magdeburg U Mnchen TU
(Garching) Mnster U Stuttgart U
Basic study stage: Lectures and exercises in general mechanical engineering,

mathematics, physics, chemistry, physical
chemistry, materials sciences, electrical
engineering, fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, computing.
Main study stage: Instrument and con-
trol engineering, electrical engineering,
including electronics, thermal engineering, industrial business administration

and management; focuses in the field
of thermal process engineering (drying technology, mineral oil processing,
refrigeration technology), and chemical
or mechanical process engineering (size

reduction/crushing technology, separation technology, nebulising technology) in
apparatus engineering and plant engineering, in chemical, plastics and food technology, and in biotechnology.

Aachen FH (Jlich) Anhalt HS (Kthen) Ansbach FH Berlin TFH Bingen FH
Bochum TFH Bremerhaven H Darmstadt HS (Darmstadt, Dieburg) Dresden HTW
Esslingen HS Flensburg FH Frankfurt am Main FH Hamburg HAW Hannover FH
Heilbronn HHN Kaiserslautern FH (Pirmasens) Kln FH Lausitz FH (Senftenberg)
Lbeck FH Mannheim HS Merseburg FH Mnchen HS Mnster FH (Mnster, Steinfurt)
Niederrhein HS (Krefeld) Nrnberg HS Offenburg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /
Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden) Osnabrck FH Provadis HS (Frankfurt am Main)
Reutlingen HS Trier FH (Birkenfeld) Wildau TFH Wismar HS Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)
5.12 Statistics
Study Field Outline
Statistical methods are indispensable
for many sciences (medicine, biology
and other natural sciences, economics,
business administration and engineering, psychology, sociology, archaeology,
education, environmental protection).
An important task for statistics lies in the
planning, execution and analysis of major
studies and experiments. Based on the
acquired numerical and measured data it
is possible to identify interrelations and
contexts, even when they have been overlaid by uncontrollable interference factors.
For example, a new drug is only approved
when its efficacy has been objectively
proven in clinical studies. The legislator
has prescribed statistical methods for the
planning and analysis of such studies.

Possible random influences in this respect
may include faulty measurements or the
fact that the subjects (patients) are different. Despite a drugs differing efficacy in
each patient, it is possible to use statistical
methods to check whether it leads to a pronounced improvement of the clinical picture (pathological condition) of the whole
group of subjects.
Statistical conclusions are based on
occasionally complex mathematical and
computational methods, on an exact
knowledge of the relevant subject area, of
the data acquisition methods as well as of
the data on the problem to be examined.
This all requires a high degree of crossdisciplinary knowledge, which makes
statistics fascinating but also very difficult

in both practical and theoretical terms.
This principle difference to the study of
mathematics is reflected particularly in the
major practical projects and internships
offered in the advanced study phases.
Statistics can also be studied as a core
study area or specialisation in some degree
programmes, such as in mathematics,

Studies: Bachelors programmes cover
statistics, mathematics, computer science

plus one or several fields of application.
Modules in statistics deliver an introduction and the relevant principles, linear
methods and models, mathematical statistics and probability calculus, core areas of
applied statistics (multivariate methods,
generalised regression, experiment design
and planning, and random sampling theory), practical statistics with project or case
studies. Mathematical modules on analytics, vector and matrix calculus, numerical
analysis and logic; in the field of computer science, modules on data analysis,
programming, software development,
database and information systems, statistics software. Project studies and internships in applied areas, such as insurance
economics and business administration,

biology and computer science.
Degree programmes in data analysis and
data management combine a knowledge
of the empirical methods of data acquisition with the practical and computational
methods of data analysis and data management.
(actuarial) statistics, asset management,

social research, biometrics, psychometrics,
geosciences and meteorology, technology and engineering, environmental and
agricultural sciences, biostatistics, drugs
research.

Dortmund TU Magdeburg-Stendal FH
(Magdeburg) Mnchen U
Medical and Public Health Services
6.1
Dentistry
Study Field Outline

Dentistry deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of all dental, oral and
mandibular ailments, with dental prostheses (crowns, bridges, dentures, implants)
as well as correcting tooth and jaw deformities (orthodontics). Dental and orosurgical surgery requires good eyesight and
manual dexterity for the proper handling
of the complicated equipment and instruments. Given the strong increase in tooth
and gum ailments (caries, periodontal
disease) and the dentists responsibilities
Practical experience/internships: Work in
a dental laboratory recommended before

and during the studies.
Pre-clinical studies (5 semesters): Lectures, practical courses and courses in
zoology or biology, physics and chemistry,
anatomy, physiology and biochemistry,
materials science, technical (preparatory)
propaedeutics and dental prosthesis studies. Preliminary examination in natural
sciences after 2 semesters, preliminary
examination in dentistry after 5 semesters.
Clinical studies (5 semesters): Theoretical
and practical training in dental medicine
and other related medical subjects. Clinical traineeships in European and nonEuropean countries can also be arranged
by the Dentistry Exchange Service. After
in the field of preventive dentistry, dental

surgeons also play an important preventive
medical role in the public health system.
The study of dentistry is governed by the
code on the practice of dentistry and the
dental licence code. Studies are divided
into a pre-clinical and a clinical section and
last at least 10 semesters plus six months
before the final examination is taken. Students graduate with a Staatsexamen degree.
Besides theoretical instruction, studies
focus strongly on providing the practical
training students will need as dentists.
completing the clinical studies, the examination in dentistry is taken within six
months of the end of the semester.
Continuing training: After receiving the
licence to practise dentistry, further specialist training may follow in oral surgery,
orthodontics or for the public health service.

Aachen TH Berlin HU Bonn U
Dresden TU Dsseldorf U ErlangenNrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt am
Main U Freiburg U Gieen U
Gttingen U Greifswald U
Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U
Hannover MHH Heidelberg U Jena U
Kiel U Kln U Leipzig U Mainz U
Regensburg U Rostock U Saarbrcken U
(Homburg) Tbingen U Ulm U Witten/
Herdecke U (Witten) Wrzburg U
Medical and Public Health Services 157
6.2
Medicine
Study Field Outline

Medicine is the science of the causes,
cures, alleviation and prevention of diseases. Key medical activities cover the
recognition (diagnosis) and treatment
(therapy) of human diseases, ailments or
physical disorders, preliminary and followup health care, and research.
The study of human medicine is governed
by the medical practice and licence code
for physicians. Since the winter semester
of 2003/2004, studies at the medical faculties of Germanys universities have been
based on a reformed medical practice and
licence code for physicians. This revised
code above all aims to improve the prac-
Practical experience/internships: Three
months as a hospital nurse plus first aid
training to be completed before studies
begin or in the pre-sessional periods/
recess, by the latest, before registering for
the first part of the medical examination
taken after four semesters of study (certain types of training may be credited). A
four-month clinical traineeship/medical
clerkship to be completed during the presessional periods/recess between the first
part of the medical examination and the
practical year. This clinical traineeship/
medical clerkship involves prescribed minimum training periods completed at various facilities (hospitals, clinics, medical
tical training and to promote the social

skills of doctors. Furthermore, greater consideration than in the past is given to the
holistic view of the patients situation and
takes an interdisciplinary approach to the
treatment process. Prevention and health
promotion are integrated as are pain therapy and palliative medicine.
Studies based on a reformed medical curriculum have been piloted at the Charit
University Medicine Berlin, the private
University of Witten/Herdecke, the Universities of Aachen, Bochum, Heidelberg,
Cologne and the Hannover Medical School
(MHH), which partly abolishes the division between the pre-clinical and clinical
study sections.
surgeries, public health service facilities,

etc.). Furthermore, practical exercises and
block practical courses lasting between
one and six weeks in the key medical fields
must be completed. Finally, the last year
of medical studies involves 48 weeks of
continuous practical training, the practical
year, which is completed in a hospital.
Studies: In particular, the new medical
practice and licence code for physicians
that came into force in the winter semester 2003/2004:
adapts the curriculum to take account

of new requirements and standards in
medical care. Besides delivering scientific principles, studies also address
coordinating, general medical, pharmaco-therapeutical and health-management aspects;

interlinks theoretical and clinical teach
ing by continuously combining theory
and practice throughout the studies;
delivers cross-disciplinary and caserelated teaching with problem-orientated and interdisciplinary teaching of
topic-related content with a patient
focus;
introduces new study and examination
topics, such as pain therapy, palliative
medicine, emergency and disaster
medicine;
provides practice-focused teaching at
the patient bedside in the form of
patient demonstrations in small groups
with a maximum of six students and
patient examinations with a maximum
of three students;
offers general medical training to
improve students general medical
and coordinating skills, clearly increases the proportion of general medicine
in the studies themselves and in the
examinations. In addition, students can
choose to take general medicine as an
elective in the Practical Year.
Medical Examination: The first part of

the (state) medical examination is taken
after two years of study. The qualifications
gained in clinical subjects and interdisciplinary fields over the subsequent threeyear study section are assessed by the universities on the basis of graded academic
credits, i.e. the Transcript of Records.
These credits are also the prerequisite for
admission to the practical year made up
of study sections lasting 16 weeks each
in Internal Medicine, Surgery, General
Medicine or in another clinical-practical
subject area. The second part of the Medical Examination is taken after a total of 6
years of study.
The formerly required 18-month period as

an Intern (Arzt im Praktikum) was abandoned with effect of 1 October 2004. So,
after completing their studies, doctors can
immediately take up an assistant or junior
doctor position or can continue their training to qualify as a specialist.
Continuing training: After receiving their
medical licence, medical doctors can continue training and so gain qualification as
a general practitioner or as a district physician in another area of specialisation.

Aachen TH Berlin HU Bochum U Bonn U Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen)
Dsseldorf U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U Gieen U
Gttingen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hannover MHH
Heidelberg U Jena U Kiel U Kln U Leipzig U Lbeck U Magdeburg U Mainz U
Marburg U Mnchen TU Mnchen U Mnster U Regensburg U Rostock U
Saarbrcken U (Homburg) Tbingen U Ulm U Witten/Herdecke U (Witten) Wrzburg U
6.3
Nursing and Public Health Studies, Education

and Management in the Public Health System
Study Field Outline

Degree programmes in nursing and
health care management, nursing education, nursing management, public health
and nursing studies aim to address the
shortage of qualified executive staff in
the field of general nursing and geriatric
nursing care and, at the same time to create a scientific basis for the qualification
requirements of the nursing professions.
Degree programmes are offered at universities and universities of applied sciences
and convey knowledge from the fields of
medicine, public health, business administration (management), human resources
management plus nursing in the narrower

Practical experience/internships: To
qualify for admission to studies, applicants
are generally required to have completed
a course of qualified vocational training in
nursing. During the degree course, practical phases of varying length are completed.
Studies: Depending on the subject focus of
the degree programme, students complete

variously weighted modules on the following topics: Nursing science and nursing
research, action policies and action concepts in nursing, medical, scientific and
social foundations of nursing, epidemiology, psychology, theory and methods of
sense. Students learn to develop concepts

for all aspects of nursing care, including
nursing care procedure and documentation management. Studies are either completed in a full or a part-time, job-integrated format; the university sector also offers
distance studies options.
Besides holding a higher education
entrance qualification, the entry requirements for nursing degree programmes
generally include proof of having completed relevant vocational training and one
or more years of career experience.
nursing science, education science for the

health professions/nursing education science, economics of the public health system, health sciences/public health, health
management, prevention and health promotion, counselling and behavioural modification, legal and business administrative
principles, professional ethics in nursing,
quality management in the public health
system, human resources development,
hospital operations theory and procedures,
costs and performance reporting, statistics,
computing, foreign languages. Internships
and study projects.
Some higher education institutions have
divided their programmes into a basic and
a main study stage / consolidation studies.

Berlin ASFH Berlin EFB Berlin H:G Berlin HU Berlin SHB Bielefeld FH
Bielefeld FhdD Bielefeld FHM Bielefeld U Bremen APOLLON HS Bremen HS
Bremen U Coburg HS Darmstadt EvFH Dortmund TU Dresden DIU Dresden EHS
Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Erding FHAM (Bad Tlz) Esslingen HS Frankfurt am Main FH
Freiburg KathFHS Fulda HS Gera FH Greifswald U Gstrow BC Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg EvFH Hamburg HAW Hamburg HFH Hannover FH Heidelberg HS
Heidelberg PH Heidelberg U Hohenheim U (Stuttgart) Idstein EFF Jena FH
Karlsruhe PH Kassel U Koblenz FH (Remagen) Kln DSHS Kln EFF Kln RheinFH
Kln U Ludwigshafen FH Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) Mainz KathFH
Mittweida HS Mnchen KathFH Mnster FH Mnster U Neubrandenburg HS
Niederrhein HS (Mnchengladbach) Nordhausen FH Nordrhein-Westfalen KathFH (Kln)
Nrnberg EvFH Osnabrck FH Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) RheinlandWestfalen-Lippe EvFH (Bochum) Riedlingen FernFH Saarbrcken BSA Saarland HTW
Schwbisch Gmnd PH Vallendar PTHV Vechta H Wismar HS Witten/Herdecke U
(Witten) Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Wrzburg) Zwickau HS
6.4
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Engineering
Study Field Outline
Pharmaceutical engineering
Pharmacy
Degree programmes address the technology and engineering of producing

pharmaceuticals. Students acquire crossdisciplinary knowledge in the fields of
chemistry and pharmacology, biology and
pharmaceutical technology. They also
study areas of engineering, such as industrial and mechanical engineering. Law and
business management subjects round off
the studies.
Pharmacy studies the use of drugs and

medicinal products, including their development, production, testing and quality assurance, plus measures to protect
patients, to supply the general population
with the required products, and to provide
proper information on these products
to all involved or working in the public
health system. Studies include commercial
aspects and special areas of the law.
Pharmacy
Basic study stage (4 semesters): Lec-
tures, seminars and practical courses in

general, inorganic and organic chemistry,
principles of pharmaceutical biology and
of human biology, principles of physics,
physical chemistry and drug morphology plus the principles of pharmaceutical
analysis. During the pre-sessional periods/
recess of the basic study stage, students
are required to complete eight weeks of
clinical practical training under the guidance of a dispensing chemist/pharmacist.
Main study stage (4 semesters): Extension and consolidation studies in pharmaceutical fields, including pharmaceutical/
medical chemistry, pharmaceutical biology, pharmaceutical engineering/biopharmacy, pharmacology and toxicology as well
as clinical pharmacy.
Pharmaceutical examination: The first
and second examination sections are

completed in the course of the students
university studies, while the third is taken
after completion of the practical training. Some universities offer postgraduate
courses in Pharmacy Diplom-Pharmazie
for students completing the second examination section that leads to the academic
degree of Diplom-Pharmazeut/in.
Practical work experience: After gradua-
tion, six months is spent working in a public dispensing pharmacy, in a hospital or a

dispensing pharmacy of the German federal armed forces (whereby three months
can also be spent working on a general
hospital or a federal armed forces hospital

ward), in the pharmaceutical industry, in a
university institute or in another suitable
scientific or research institute (including
those belonging to the German federal
armed forces) or in a drugs testing/inspection centre or a comparable institution
(including those belonging to the German
federal armed forces).
Continuing education and training:
According to the Chamber Laws of the

individual federal states, holders of the
Licence to Practise Pharmacy have the
opportunity of engaging in continuing
training in the field of officinal pharmacy,
clinical pharmacy, drug information, pharmaceutical technology, toxicology and ecology, pharmaceutical analysis, theoretical
and practical training, clinical chemistry
and public health. The University of Bonn
offers students completing the second section of the pharmaceutical examination an
opportunity to take a postgraduate course
leading to a Master of Drug Regulatory
Affairs degree.

Berlin FU Bonn U Braunschweig TU
Dsseldorf U Erlangen-Nrnberg U
(Erlangen) Frankfurt am Main U
Freiburg U Greifswald U HalleWittenberg U Hamburg U Heidelberg U
Jena U Kiel U Leipzig U Mainz U
Regensburg U Saarbrcken U
Tbingen U Wrzburg U

Sciences
Pharmaceutical engineering:
Studies: The Bachelors programme
delivers an extensive range of engineering, mathematical and natural sciences

principles with modules in mathematics,
computer science, physics, biology, chemistry and biochemistry, enzymology and
metabolism, drug morphology and analytics, thermodynamics and flow mechanics,
measurement and control engineering.
include pharmaceutical technology, pharmaceutical biotechnology, pharmaceutical

industrial technology, drug law, packaging
technology, bioanalytics, process, instrument and plant engineering, quality assurance and validation of analytical processes.
These are complemented by optional modules (some without a technical focus) plus
cross-disciplinary modules on business
administration and marketing questions,
specialist information systems or foreign
languages.

Students then extend and consolidate their
knowledge by addressing typical examples, whereby the planning and process
engineering procedures of the chemical
and pharmaceuticals industry are studied
with an applied focus. Extension modules
6.5
Anhalt HS (Kthen) Berlin TFH
Biberach HS Gieen-Friedberg FH
(Gieen) Isny NTA Jena FH
Kaiserslautern FH (Pirmasens, Zweibrcken)
Lippe und Hxter FH (Detmold, Lemgo)
Therapy professions
Study Field Outline

Since adoption of the Psychotherapy Act at
the latest, psychotherapists have generally
needed a relevant academic degree in order
to be able to practise, e.g. a Diplom in psychology. It is generally less well-known that
there are also therapy degree programmes
that take other paths and lead to other
career goals. For example, studying therapy can mean music therapy, art therapy,
speech therapy, clinical linguistics or patholinguistics. In other European countries,
such as the Netherlands, higher education
institutions (often comparable to universities of applied sciences in Germany) have

been offering degree courses to qualify students for therapy professions for a while.
Besides the existing music and art therapy
programmes, institutions in Germany have
meanwhile begun offering university of
applied sciences or university degrees, such
as Diplom, Bachelors and Masters degrees
as postgraduate programmes in other
non-medical therapy fields for experienced
professionals. These programmes often
complement the wide range of specialist
vocational/professional training already
offered in some therapy subjects, see public

health studies and nursing professions.
Music therapy is concerned with listening to selected pieces of music that are
suitable as a basis for diagnosis (passive
music therapy) and with the active use of
musical means of expression (active music
therapy), e.g. the use of percussion or Orff
instruments to treat ill or disabled people,
e.g. opening up initial communication
paths for people with autistic disorders. In
this work, areas of music therapy overlap
with some areas of rhythmics and general
music education, see music, visual and
performing arts.
Art therapy deals with similar areas by
providing patients with a diverse range of
artistic articulation options, e.g. helping
them to act out problems or processes in
an artistic, visualisation and so to create
a visible basis with which the issue at
hand can really be addressed.
While psychotherapy is largely concerned
with prevention, counselling and therapy
in respect of functional and developmental
disorders of the locomotor system, the
fields of logopaedics, speech therapy, clinical linguistics and patholinguistics are
concerned with hearing, voice and speech
disorders, e.g. language acquisition difficulties in children or for people who have
suffered a stroke.
Ergotherapy applies a very broad spectrum
of the methods of occupational and work
therapy to help people with illnesses or disabilities activate their (remaining) powers
or to support peoples attempts to find their
way back into everyday and working life.
The therapy provided by all these professions respectively work fields is always
offered on the basis of medical prescriptions and diagnosis, while specialist (e.g.,
speech therapeutic) diagnosis also represents one of the areas of responsibility. All
therapy branches offer both individual as
well as group treatment.
The rehabilitation sciences, whose focus
may cover areas such as art or music
therapy, speech therapy education, or early
promotion in cases of disability, are located at the interface to the health and social
education area.
This guide includes undergraduate
programmes in music, art and speech
therapeutic fields. Applicants need to hold
an appropriate school leaving certificate
(generally the entry qualification for a
university of applied sciences). Art therapy
programmes require appropriate proof
of artistic talent and aptitude along with
the school leaving certificate, for example,
proof of having passed an entrance examination.
Besides these, consolidation and extension
courses provide the opportunity to gain a
Diplom degree in psychology education,
medical education, music education, art
education or special needs education, or a
similar qualification.
It is possible in speech therapy, ergotherapy and physiotherapy and other areas
to take dual degree programmes, where a
vocational qualification in a specific profession and an undergraduate programme
run parallel and are coordinated: in some
cases, however, an initial qualification
in a corresponding medical profession

is required when the degree programme
begins. Undergraduate programmes for
physiotherapists and ergotherapists at
higher education institutions have not yet
been approved under German law.
Diplom speech scientists can gain an additional qualification in the field of Clinical
Speech Science at Halle.

Practical experience/internships: 3 practi-
cal internships to be completed during

the studies (compulsory course elements),
lasting between 6 weeks and 3 months
(practical semester) and generally continuously integrated into the field of therapeutic practice.
Studies: All of the essentially undergradu-
ate degree courses in therapy disciplines,

including rehabilitation studies, lay the
biomedical, diagnostic and therapeutic
foundations at the start of the studies.
These include, for example, modules in
various psychological and medical disciplines as well as in basic musical or artistic
subjects and their therapeutic application
in music and art therapy programmes.
Psychological, neurological, linguistic and
audiological-phonic studies dominate in
the first few semesters of speech therapy
programmes. In music therapy, areas such
as self-experience for music therapists
and supervision are also treated, while art
therapy studies include art theory.
The range and diversity of courses offered

across Europe certainly set quite differing focuses. While in the Netherlands,
for example, degree courses are offered
in dance therapy and drama therapy, Germany offers a fairly broad range of speech
therapy degrees, e.g. patholinguistics,
clinical linguistics or (as a rule, and after
appropriate vocational training) speech
therapy/logopaedics.
As studies progress, the focus is generally

on continuing, consolidating and extending the topic areas from the basic study
stage and on delivering practical knowledge and insight at an advanced level. In
addition, students complete modules on
English for special purposes, quality assurance, and on the social security and public
health system.

Aachen TH Alanus HS (Alfter) Berlin
ASFH Berlin IB-HS Bielefeld U Coburg
Priv.FH (Berlin, Coburg, Dachau, Recklinghausen) Dortmund TU Dresden DIU
Freiburg KathFHS Friedensau ThH
Fulda FH Gera FH Hamburg HfMT
Heidelberg HS Hildesheim/Holzminden/
Gttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) Idstein EFF
(Idstein, Zwickau) Karlsruhe PH Kiel FH
Lausitz FH (Senftenberg) Marburg U
Mnchen U Nordhessen FH (Bad SoodenAllendorf) Nrtingen FHKunst Oldenburg
/ Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden)
Osnabrck FH Ottersberg FH
Potsdam U Witten/Herdecke U (Witten)
6.6
Veterinary medicine
Study Field Outline

Veterinary medicine concerns itself with
diseases and other ailments affecting animals, on researching these, on diagnosing
(recognising), treating and preventing
these afflictions, as well as with protecting
humans from dangers that may be caused
by foods of animal origin or by other infectious or communicable diseases which
may be carried by animals (parasites,
rabies, BSE, etc.). Generally, these are
domestic animals and pets, farm animals,
and animals living in zoos or in the wild.
The training is uniformly organised

throughout Germany on the basis of the
Veterinary Practice and Licence Code. The
science-based section of the preliminary
veterinary examination is already taken
after 2 semesters, while the anatomicalphysiological section is completed after
4 semesters.
tology, embryology, physiology, biochemistry, animal breeding and genetics.
Practical experience/internships: Dur-
ing their studies, students must complete

70 hours of practical training in farming,
animal husbandry and animal breeding,
150 hours with a practising vet or in a
veterinary clinic, 75 hours in a hygiene
control and food monitoring capacity,
100 hours of practical training in a
slaughterhouse and meat inspection
centre, 75 hours in the public veterinary
system, as well as another 700 hours with
a practising vet or in a veterinary clinic;
part of this can be completed in an elective practical capacity at other facilities,
such as scientific institutes, universities
or zoos.
Pre-clinical studies (4 semesters): Lec-
tures and practical courses in physics,

chemistry, zoology, botany, anatomy, his-
Clinical studies (6 semesters): Virology,

bacteriology and mycology, parasitology, animal nutrition, animal husbandry
and animal hygiene, general pathology
and special pathological anatomy and
histology, internal medicine, surgery and
anaesthesiology, radiology, reproduction
medicine, poultry diseases, pharmacology
and toxicology, animal protection, animal
disease control, food science, dairy studies,
meat hygiene, drug and anaesthetic law,
as well as professional laws and ethics for
veterinarians.
The Veterinary Examination is completed

in several sections, generally in the presessional periods/recess, whereby the
examinations must be taken close to the
time at which the courses were held.
Continuing education and training: Further qualification as a specialist vet for specific areas is possible (courses last between
3 and 5 years).

Berlin FU Gieen U Hannover TiHo
Leipzig U Mnchen U
Social Sciences
7.1
Educational Science
Study Field Outline

Educational Science addresses all aspects
relating to the development and guidance
of individuals as independent and responsible members of society and the community. On the one hand, this takes into
account the educational realities of family
and society, and, on the other, the realities
of school and socio-educational institutions. Important neighbouring disciplines
include psychology and the social sciences,
anthropology and biology. Cultural education is a more recent, self-contained field
of study that provides students with broad,
yet clearly practice-focused preparation
for careers in cultural fields (education,
art, journalism, academia and research,
organisation and administration).
Teachers and educators are primarily
responsible for preparing and implement-
Studies at Universities, Universities

of Education and Universities of
Applied Sciences
dents are required to spend 2 to 3 months

in schools and adult education, social education, in-company training etc. facilities
during the pre-sessional periods (recess).
seminar courses in educational anthropology and on the individual and social conditions of education and socialisation; theory
ing target-group orientated education for

sustainable development programmes
(including their organisation and administration), and for advising individuals
and groups in a wide range of various
work fields. Students are recommended
to start gaining career-related additional
qualifications at an early stage, i.e. during
their studies. The courses offered by individual higher education institutions differ
greatly. They range from primary school
didactics via media and culture education
through to adult education and vocational
education. The Bachelor of Childhood
Education programme is relatively new
and meets the extended demands in terms
of early education, especially in child daycare centres. Some institutions combine
the cultural education programme with an
artistic aptitude test. Students wishing to
work as teachers must obtain a teaching
qualification in one or two school subjects.
of education processes and socialisation

plus history, institutions and organisational forms in the education system, and
a choice of subjects from psychology and
sociology (youth sociology, family sociology).
Main study stage: Extension and con-
solidation courses in educational science

covering the general principles of selected
academic and research methods and
requirements, responsibilities and forms
of education and their research. Core
study areas consider the later target profes-
Social Sciences 169
sion (school, social education, adult education and non-school youth education,
continuing training, in-company training,
intercultural education, special (needs)

education).

Alanus HS (Alfter) Augsburg U Bamberg U Benediktbeuern KathFH Berlin ASFH
Berlin FU Berlin HU Berlin KHSB Berlin TU Bielefeld U Bochum U
Braunschweig TU Bremen U Chemnitz TU Darmstadt EvFH Dortmund TU Dresden EHS
Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Erfurt FH Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U
(Erlangen) Esslingen HS Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg EvFHS Freiburg PH
Freiburg U Gera FH Gieen U Gttingen U Hagen FernU Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg HAW Hamburg U Hamburg UBw Hannover U Heidelberg PH Heidelberg U
Hildesheim U Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) Jena U Karlsruhe U
Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U Leipzig U Ludwigsburg PH (Ludwigsburg, Reutlingen)
Lneburg U Magdeburg U Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Stendal) Mainz U Marburg U
Merseburg FH Mnchen HS Mnchen KathFH Mnchen U Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg)
Mnster U Neubrandenburg HS Nordrhein-Westfalen KathFH (Kln) Oldenburg /
Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden) Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Potsdam FH
Potsdam U Regensburg U Reutlingen-Ludwigsburg EvFH (Ludwigsburg) Rostock U
Schwbisch Gmnd PH Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U Vechta H WeilheimBierbronnen GSA (Weilheim) Wuppertal U Wrzburg U
7.2
Political Science
Study Field Outline

Political science is concerned with studying the institutions of the state (government) and society, their theoretical-philosophical foundations and their concrete
manifestations in the recent past and the
present. It examines how political and
social concepts are put into organisational
and legislative practice in governments,
institutions and political parties, as well
as in international relations, and looks at

how interest groups can bring their influence to bear and what forms the political
opinion-building process takes. Important
auxiliary and subsidiary subjects include
history, social sciences, constitution,
economics and business administration.
A knowledge of foreign languages, in
particular English, is indispensable, as are
computing and statistics skills.
Studies at Universities, Universities

of Applied Sciences, and other
dents are often required to complete studyintegrated internships.

Studies: Specialist course and method-
orientated modules on subject areas like

political theory and history of ideas, methods of political science, political institutions, political systems, the political system of the Federal Republic of Germany,
domestic, international and European
policy, political sociology and political

social structure analysis, political education and the didactics of politics, methods
or empirical social research/statistics,
economics and politics, constitutional law,
administrative science. Depending on the
institution in question, further optional
subjects as well as extension and consolidation modules in areas like history,
communication science, philosophy, law,
or sociology. Key qualifications like computing, presentation techniques, rhetoric,
mediating methods, foreign languages,
project management.

Aachen TH Augsburg U Bamberg U Berlin FU Berlin HSoG Berlin HU Bielefeld U
Bochum U Bonn U Bremen HS Bremen Jacobs University Bremen U Chemnitz TU
Darmstadt TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) Dsseldorf U EichstttIngolstadt U (Eichsttt) Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Flensburg U Frankfurt
(Oder) U Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U Friedrichshafen ZU Gieen U Gttingen U
Greifswald U Hagen FernU Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Hamburg UBw
Hannover U Harz HS (Halberstadt) Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Jena U Kassel U
Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U (Landau) Konstanz U Leipzig U Lneburg U Magdeburg U
Mainz U Mannheim U Marburg U Mnchen HfP Mnchen U Mnster U
Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Passau U Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U
Speyer DHV Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U Vechta H Wildau TFH Wrzburg U
7.3
Psychology
Study Field Outline

Psychology is the science of the patterns
and laws of human experience, behaviour
and action. Scientific psychology develops
its knowledge from the thought patterns
and research strategies inherent in the arts
and humanities, social sciences and natural sciences. As an independent science,

psychology established itself in the second
half of the 18th century. It is an empirical
science, which means that all statements
and conclusions are based on observation
and experimentation. The resulting find-
Social Sciences 171
ings are analysed with the help of mathematical-statistical methods.

General psychology deals with the fundamental functional forms of human
experience and behaviour (learning,
memory, languages, emotion, motivation,
etc.). Conversely, differential psychology/
personality psychology focuses on the
individual and group-specific differences
in the functional areas addressed by general psychology. Development psychology
studies the age and life stage-dependent
changes in behaviour and experience. Its
results are above all of significance for
educational and clinical psychology. Social
psychology covers a wide and diverse
range of conditions and effects that influence social behaviour and the interactions
between individuals and groups. Biological
psychology and neuropsychology study the
mutual conditionality of mental and physical processes (e.g. in the nervous system).
Building on the foundation of a psychological methodology, scientific hypotheses
and formulated empirical studies are
designed and their results are statistically
analysed.

6 months of vocational work experience

during the studies in educational, social,
medical and business institutions and
organisations.
A number of practical fields of application

have developed from the research findings
produced by the above-mentioned base
subjects, such as clinical psychology and
psychotherapy, industrial, corporate and
organisational psychology, educational
psychology and school psychology, advertising psychology, law psychology, traffic
psychology, geriatric psychology, communication psychology, or criminal psychology. Universities of applied sciences offer
programmes in fields like industrial or
business psychology, communication psychology or rehabilitation psychology.
Psychology particularly possesses interdisciplinary frames of reference with scientific areas like the biosciences, anthropology,
sociology, education, philosophy, languages and linguistics, economics and business
administration, as well as with computer
science and information systems.
Besides a good knowledge of English, students of psychology are today expected to
have a fundamental knowledge of applied
computing.
Basic study stage: Lectures and exercise

courses in general psychology, developmental psychology, differential and personality psychology, social psychology and
methodology (planning of experiments,
statistics), physiological psychology or
biopsychology, empirical internship.
Main study stage: Methodological subjects like psychological diagnosis and

intervention, evaluation and research
methodology, fields of application and
practice, such as industrial, company and
organisational psychology, education and

school psychology, clinical psychology and
psychopathology, forensic psychology,
deep (subconscious) psychology and psychotherapy, social psychology.

Aachen TH Bamberg U Berlin FU Berlin H:G Berlin HU Bielefeld U Bochum U
Bonn U Braunschweig TU Bremen Jacobs University Bremen U Chemnitz TU
Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU Dresden TU Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt)
Erding FHAM Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U
Gieen U Gttingen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U Harz HS
(Wernigerode) Heidelberg HS Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Idstein EFF Iserlohn BiTS
Jena U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln EFF Kln U Konstanz U Leipzig U
Lneburg U Magdeburg U Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Stendal) Mainz U Mannheim U
Marburg U Mnchen U Mnster U Osnabrck U Potsdam U Potsdam UMC
Regensburg U Saarbrcken U Trier U Tbingen U Vechta H Wuppertal U
Wrzburg U Zittau/Grlitz HS (Grlitz)
7.4
Religious Education
Study Field Outline

The study of religious education qualifies
graduates for positions as religious education teachers at schools and in church
pastoral work in a community or parish.
Studies also train Protestant deacons
and Catholic parish officials (including
pastoral officers) for positions in church
and school education, child guidance and
counselling, and in pastoral practice. The
latter not only overlaps to certain degree

with the activity fields of the pastor or
parish priest but also with those of social
and therapeutic educators. Studies combine elements of theology, education and
the arts and humanities, and are largely
offered by universities of applied sciences
(training as a deacon or parish official
is also possible at vocational schools or
academies). The education and training is
denominational.
Social Sciences 173
Practical experience/internships: Possibly
an educational orientation internship.

Studies: Study modules on core questions
of religious studies, history of religion,

empirical religious research, religious education and the literatures of religions and
languages. Subdisciplines include the Old
and New Testament, church history, systematic theology, religious education and

Sciences
ing on the school/vocational qualifications, students are required to complete a

example in church communities/parishes
or church welfare institutions. Practical
phases of varying length are to be completed during the studies.
Basic study stage: Introduction to theology (exegesis, dogmatics, ethics, church
history, religious education, etc.) and the
current topical theological issues, plus
courses in arts and humanities subjects
(education, psychology, philosophy, sociology, politics, law, literary studies and art
history).
religious studies. Students who choose

school as their occupational field must
complete extra practical school-related
study sections.

Augsburg U Berlin HU
Braunschweig TU Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U
(Eichsttt, Mnchen) Heidelberg HJS
Mnster U Oldenburg U Regensburg U
Main study stage: Core study areas and
specialisations in religious education

(partly also for special (needs) schools or
vocational schools), pastoral education,
evangelism and church service, youth and
adult education, religious counselling and
charity aid.

Berlin EFB Freiburg EvFHS Hannover FH
Mainz KathFH Moritzburg EvFH
Nordrhein-Westfalen KathFH (Paderborn)
Nrnberg EvFH Reutlingen-Ludwigsburg
EvFH (Ludwigsburg) Rheinland-WestfalenLippe EvFH (Bochum)
7.5
Social Sciences, Sociology
Study Field Outline

The social sciences and sociology are concerned with the principles, manifestations
and developments of human society. They
study the purpose and structure of social
systems as well as their origin, changes
and mutual interactions. In so doing, they
take both an empirical approach based on
exact and largely quantitative research of
concrete situations as well as a systematic
approach aimed at formulating relatively
general and generally valid conclusions
and socio-philosophical theories. As
independent academic fields, they closely
relate and interrelate with disciplines like
economics (socio-economics), political science, philosophy, ethnology, psychology
and education.
Studies at Universities and other

Practical experience/internships: Study-
integrated, empirical projects/internships.

Studies: Theory and methodology as well
as object-related modules in core subjects

like empirical social research (including
computing and statistics), history of social
sciences, political science and sociology
(including socio-economics), social structures and social structure analysis plus
special sociologies. Given the breadth of
sociological analysis and activity fields,
studies usually specialise in areas like
youth, family and educational sociology,
The range of teaching offered by each

university differs greatly, hence the choice
of institution and degree or change of
institution should be made with great care.
In any case, students are recommended to
extend and consolidate their knowledge in
one of the above-specified neighbouring
fields. Some institutions also directly offer
programmes with a sociological focus, e.g.
in economics. The acquisition of applied
computing and foreign language skills is
especially important to the career prospects. The study of social sciences for a
teaching qualification in social studies has
more of a political sciences focus than a
sociological one.
industrial and company sociology, sociology of gender relations, medical sociology,

industrial, employment and organisational
sociology, peace and conflict research,
empirical social research. Complementary modules for teaching professionrelated key qualifications: presentation
techniques, mediating methods, conflict
management strategies. etc. In addition,
students can opt to extend and consolidate
their knowledge in neighbouring fields of
knowledge, like psychology, economics
and business administration, law, political
science, education.
Social Sciences 175

Aachen TH Augsburg U Bamberg U Berlin FU Berlin HSoG Berlin HU Berlin TU
Berlin UdK Bielefeld U Bochum U Braunschweig TU Bremen Jacobs University
Bremen U Chemnitz TU Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U
(Duisburg) Dsseldorf U Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U (Eichsttt) Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U
(Erlangen) Flensburg U Frankfurt (Oder) U Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U
Friedensau ThH Fulda HS Gieen U Gttingen U Hagen FernU Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg U Hannover U Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Jena U Kaiserslautern TU
Kassel U Kempten FH Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U Konstanz U Leipzig U
Magdeburg U Mainz U Mannheim U Marburg U Mnchen HS Mnchen U
Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg) Mnster U Nordhausen FH Nrnberg EvFH Oldenburg U
Osnabrck U Passau U Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U Siegen U Stuttgart U
Trier U Tbingen U Vechta H Weilheim-Bierbronnen GSA (Weilheim) Wuppertal U
Wrzburg U Zittau IHI
7.6
Social Work, Social Education, Social Affairs
Study Field Outline

Social work and social education are
responsible for encouraging people to
reflect on their own precarious psychosocial situation and for helping them to personally improve these conditions of their
own free will. In so doing, social workers
and social educators provide personal and
material assistance in order to help people
prevent or overcome emergency situations
and crises and handle problems. Use of
educational services and the provision of
complementary educational programmes
help to solve general problems and prevent emergency situations. Social management, which deals with questions of
organisation, funding, project and staff
management, is becoming increasingly
important.
Courses are largely taught at universities

of applied sciences. Recent years have
seen the often still separate degree programmes of social work and social education merged at practically all universities
of applied sciences to form the degree
programme in social work and education,
respectively social affairs.
Special (needs) and therapeutic educators
are required for special education and therapeutic occupations. Therapeutic education is concerned with people whose development faces special or difficult challenges
(physical, emotional, mental or sensorial).
This begins with an individuals personal
perspective and hence also takes that persons environment and surroundings into
account (family, group, community). See
also nursing and public health.
Social workers, social educators and

therapeutic educators often collaborate
with representatives of other professional
groups and are employed by authorities

and other private sector organisations,
associations and self-help groups.
ples. Depending on the range of courses

offered by the institution, further optional
modules. Complementary cross-disciplinary courses from philosophy, social ethics, economics and business administration, media work, and a range of foreign
languages.
Practical experience/internships: Up to
24 weeks of practical work experience and
research-orientated internships.
Studies: Preparatory modules (introduc-
tion to research work, principles of computing), functions and occupational fields

of social work and education, research
methods, educational and social sciences
principles, psychological and socio-medical principles, administrative sciences
and legal principles, principles and action
theories of social work and education,
organisational psychology and sociology,
socio-administrative and economic princi-

Sciences and at Universities
Practical experience/internships: Depending on the school/vocational qualifications, students are generally required
to complete a pre-study internship of
several weeks in occupational fields of
social work and education. During their
studies, students complete core study
and occupational field-related practical/
project phases of varying length, monitored through supervision and courses.
The requirements for state recognition are
variously governed and may include a further postgraduate work experience phase
of up to one year.

Bamberg U Dortmund TU DuisburgEssen U (Essen) Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U
(Eichsttt) Freiburg U Friedensau ThH
Hannover U Hildesheim U Kassel U
Lneburg U Marburg U Siegen U
Vechta H
Studies: Base modules on history, the

theories and methods of social work and
education, the educational, psychological, sociological and legal principles and
frameworks of social work and education,
and on creative media and the use of information technology. Modules on topics
like professional action formats, everyday
worlds, professional ethics to expand the
base knowledge. Core study areas and
specialisation in the extraordinarily broad
range covered by social work and social
education in action fields like elementary
education, educational support, family
support, youth work, rehabilitation and
health, geriatric work, intercultural social
work, adult education, industrial social
Social Sciences 177
work, leisure and recreational education,

drug/narcotics counselling, resocialisation, city district work, social manage-
ment, supervised practical and project

work.

Benediktbeuern KathFH Berlin ASFH Berlin EFB Berlin KHSB Bielefeld FH
Bielefeld FhdD Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Braunschweig) Bremen HS Coburg HS
Darmstadt EvFH Darmstadt HS Dortmund FH Dresden EHS Dsseldorf FH Erfurt FH
Esslingen HS Frankfurt am Main FH Freiburg EvFHS Freiburg KathFHS Fulda HS
Hamburg EvFH Hamburg HAW Hannover FH Heidelberg HS Hildesheim/Holzminden/
Gttingen HAWK (Hildesheim, Holzminden) Jena FH Kiel FH Koblenz FH (Koblenz,
Remagen) Kln FH Landshut FH Lausitz FH (Cottbus) Leipzig HTWK Ludwigshafen FH
Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) Mainz KathFH Mannheim HS Merseburg FH
Mittweida HS (Rowein) Mnchen HS Mnchen KathFH Mnster FH
Neubrandenburg HS Niederrhein HS (Mnchengladbach) Nordhausen FH NordrheinWestfalen KathFH (Aachen, Kln, Mnster, Paderborn) Nrnberg EvFH Nrnberg HS
Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden) Osnabrck FH Potsdam FH
Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Regensburg FH Reutlingen-Ludwigsburg EvFH
(Ludwigsburg) Rheinland-Westfalen-Lippe EvFH (Bochum) Saarland HTW Wiesbaden FH
Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Wrzburg) Zittau/Grlitz HS (Grlitz)
7.7
Sport
Study Field Outline

The study of sport, physical education (PE)
and sports science aims to train PE teachers for future careers in schools and for
sports-related careers outside the school
sector, e.g. in leisure and health sports or
top-class performance competitive sport.
In some cases, studies will also lead to an
academic career. Hence, sports students
receive a thorough practical-methodological training in the major sporting areas
(track and field, apparatus gymnastics,
gymnastics/dance, swimming, ball games,
etc.) and a theoretical-scientific ground-
ing in areas like education, didactics

and methodology of sport, psychology,
medicine, sociology and history of sport,
movement and training theory, construction of sports grounds and facilities, sports
administration, sports journalism and
sports law.
To become a PE school teacher, applicants
must generally complete a second academic school subject. A health certificate
must accompany the application, while
most institutions also require proof of
sporting fitness in the form of an entrance
test.
Degree programmes in sports economics

and sports management encompass the
theory and practice of sporting disciplines
and sports science (training theory, sports
medicine, sports biology, sports education) on the one hand, and economic
contexts (marketing, corporate accounting,
organisation and human resources management) and topics from the field of law,
on the other. The Universities of Applied

Sciences of Koblenz and Braunschweig/
Wolfenbttel offer programmes in close
cooperation with the sports organisations.
Besides gaining an academic degree, students are also awarded trainer and club
manager licences by the German Olympic
Sports Confederation (DOSB).

and health sport, performance and competitive sport, prevention and rehabilitation, sport in adult and senior age, outdoor
sports and sports tourism, sports economics and management, media and communication. Specialist internships in the
occupational field. Complementary modules on business English, presentation
techniques, applied computing, for example. In the teaching degree programmes,
sport is studied together with the approved
combination subjects for schools.
Studies: Modules on the principles of
sports science, sports history, didacticmethodological principles of movement

disciplines, sports games and sports disciplines, sports biomechanics, sports medicine (anatomical-physiological principles),
training science, sports psychology/sports
sociology, sport and movement in the educational process, sports law and administration, sport and the media.
Students can create profiles and specialise
in topic-orientated consolidation and core
study areas such as leisure, recreational

Bad Homburg HS (Bad Homburg) Bayreuth U Berlin H:G Berlin HU Bielefeld U
Bochum U Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH (Salzgitter) Braunschweig TU Bremen U
Chemnitz TU Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU Erding FHAM Erfurt U Flensburg U
Frankfurt am Main U Freiburg U Gieen U Gttingen U Halle-Wittenberg U
Hamburg U Hannover U Heidelberg HS Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Iserlohn BiTS
Jena U Karlsruhe PH Karlsruhe U Kiel U Koblenz FH (Remagen) Koblenz-Landau U
Kln DSHS Konstanz U Leipzig U Lneburg U Magdeburg U Mainz U Marburg U
Mnchen TU Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg) Mnster U Oldenburg U Osnabrck U
Paderborn U Potsdam U Regensburg U Rostock U Saarbrcken U Stuttgart U
Tbingen U Vechta H Wuppertal U Wrzburg U
Social Sciences 179
7.8
Theology (Catholic)
Study Field Outline

Catholic theology sees itself as the science
of the study of the Christian faith based
on the message of the Bible which must
be re-interpreted in each new age to make
it meaningful and comprehensible. Thus,
research and study of the historical and
contemporary manifestations are among
the subjects studied. Catholic theology is
divided into Biblical, historical, systematic and practical branches. Doctrine is
considered a responsible interpretation of
faith if it meets with general agreement

Philosophical-Theological Colleges
Basic study stage: Basic philosophicaltheological study with lectures, exercises
and seminar courses in subjects like
systematic philosophy (anthropology,
ethics, metaphysics, psychology), history
of philosophy, introduction to the Old
and New Testament, social doctrine and
church history, including Patristic studies. As necessary, courses may be taken to
overcome language deficits (Latin, Greek,
Hebrew).
Main study stage: Consolidation and
extension studies in Old and New Testament exegesis, fundamental theology,

dogmatics, moral theology, church law,
liturgy, catechesis, religious education and
pastoral theology. Candidates seeking a
teaching degree for middle/intermediate
and has been formulated as such by the

Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of
Faith. Catholic theology in particular seeks
dialogue with other Christian churches,
the world religions, and organisations representing major intellectual and social and
academic movements of the present-day.
Important auxiliary sciences include philosophy and religious studies, sociology,
and psychology.
Studies and degrees in old Catholic theology are equivalent to those in Catholic
theology.
secondary schools (Realschule) qualify

with basic Latin.

Augsburg U Bamberg U Benediktbeuern
PhThH Bochum U Bonn U
Dortmund TU Dresden TU DuisburgEssen U (Essen) Eichsttt-Ingolstadt U
(Eichsttt) Elstal Theol. Seminar
Erfurt U Flensburg U Frankfurt am
Main PhThH Frankfurt am Main U
Freiburg U Fulda ThFak Gieen U
Hannover U Hildesheim U Jena U
Koblenz-Landau U Mainz U
Mnchen U Mnster PhThH
Mnster U Osnabrck U
Paderborn ThFak Passau U
Regensburg U Saarbrcken U
Sankt Augustin PhThH Trier ThFak
Trier U Tbingen U Vallendar PTHV
Vechta H Wuppertal U Wrzburg U
7.9
Theology (Protestant)
Study Field Outline

Protestant theology sees itself as the
methodological interpretation of Christian beliefs, their historical development
and their present-day realisation, and is
based on the Bible, in particular the New
Testament, while church tradition only
plays a secondary role. Besides this, the
study of Protestant theology is involved in
constant interaction and debate on other
contemporaneous developments, such as
found in philosophy, politics and social
Studies at Universities and Church

Colleges
Practical experience/internships: The
provincial churches of Bavaria, Bremen,

Schaumburg-Lippe and Wrttemberg
require 9 to 12 months of community,
deaconry or industrial practical experience
to be completed before the studies begin;
in Bavaria students can choose to complete
this training during their studies. All other
provincial churches require completion of
1 or 2 short-term internships of between 4
and 8 weeks in length.
Basic study stage: The first few weeks
provide obligatory student advice. Students extend and perfect their required
language proficiency in Latin, Greek and
Hebrew. Some institutions offer appropriate vacation courses. The very intensive
language courses offered by the Protestant colleges make these the best way of
sciences. Despite all the interrelations, the

academic discipline has managed to preserve a considerable degree of independence from the Protestant churches. Tensions above all arise vis--vis the so-called
grassroots faithful. Controversies have
also developed at various times as a result
of the occasionally widely-differing positions, theories and systems of Protestant
theologians. Important auxiliary and complementary disciplines include classical
philology, philosophy, psychology, sociology and education.
overcoming language skill deficits. This

helps students meet the requirement that
registration for the final examination can
only be submitted at the earliest 6 semesters after the last language test was passed
(language-free semesters). Introductory
lectures, exercises and seminar courses in
the main areas of theology and in methods
of academic research constitute the main
elements of the basic study stage.
Main study stage: This covers the main
fields of Old Testament, New Testament,

history of the church and theology, systematic theology (dogmatics and ethics)
and practical theology. Students also take
philosophy, psychology, education, ecumenical theology, church music, missionary and religious studies, plus a choice of
other subjects, such as sociology or church
law.
Social Sciences 181

Augsburg U Bamberg U Berlin HU Bielefeld FhdD Bielefeld U Bochum U Bonn U
Braunschweig TU Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Elstal Theol.
Seminar Erfurt U Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Flensburg U Frankfurt am Main U
Friedensau ThH Gieen U Gttingen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U Hamburg U
Hannover U Heidelberg U Hildesheim U Jena U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Leipzig U
Lneburg U Mainz U Marburg U Mnchen U Mnster U Neuendettelsau KiH
Oberursel LuthThH Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Regensburg U Reutlingen Theol.S
Rostock U Saarbrcken U Tbingen U Wuppertal/Bethel KiHo (Bielefeld, Wuppertal)
Higher Education Institutions in Germany
Aachen
Rheinisch-Westflische Technische
Hochschule Aachen
Fachhochschule Augsburg
Hochschule fr Technik, Wirtschaft und
Gestaltung
www.rwth-aachen.de
www.fh-augsburg.de
Fachhochschule Aachen
Bad Homburg
accadis Hochschule Bad Homburg
www.fh-aachen.de
www.accadis.com
Katholische Fachhochschule NordrheinWestfalen, Abteilung Aachen
Aalen
Hochschule Aalen Technik und Wirtschaft
Bad Honnef
Internationale Fachhochschule
Bad Honnef Bonn
(International University of Applied
Sciences)
www.htw-aalen.de
www.fh-bad-honnef.de
Alfter
Alanus Hochschule
Staatlich anerkannte, private Hochschule
fr Kunst und Gesellschaft
Bad Sooden-Allendorf
Fachhochschule Nordhessen
www.alanus.de
Bamberg
Otto-Friedrich-Universitt Bamberg
Amberg
Fachhochschule Amberg-Weiden
Hochschule fr Technik und Wirtschaft
www.uni-bamberg.de
www.kfhnw.de
www.fh-amberg-weiden.de
www.fh-nordhessen.de
Bayreuth
Universitt Bayreuth
www.uni-bayreuth.de
Ansbach
Fachhochschule Ansbach
University of Applied Sciences
www.fh-ansbach.de
Hochschule fr evangelische Kirchenmusik der Evangelisch-Lutherischen

Landeskirche in Bayern
www.hfk-bayreuth.de
Aschaffenburg
Fachhochschule Aschaffenburg
www.fh-aschaffenburg.de
Augsburg
Universitt Augsburg
Benediktbeuern
Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule
der Salesianer Don Boscos
Theologische Fakultt
www.pth-bb.de
www.uni-augsburg.de
Katholische Stiftungs-Fachhochschule
Mnchen, Abteilung Benediktbeuern
www.ksfh.de
Higher Education Institutions in Germany 185
Bergisch Gladbach
Fachhochschule der Wirtschaft (FHDW)
Fachhochschule fr Wirtschaft Berlin

www.fhw-berlin.de
www.fhdw.de
Berlin
Freie Universitt Berlin
Alice Salomon Fachhochschule fr

Sozialarbeit und Sozialpdagogik Berlin
www.asfh-berlin.de
www.fu-berlin.de
Humboldt-Universitt zu Berlin
bbw Hochschule Staatlich anerkannte

private Fachhochschule
www.hu-berlin.de
www.bbw-hochschule.de
Technische Universitt Berlin

www.tu-berlin.de
Evangelische Fachhochschule Berlin (EFB)

- Fachhochschule fr Sozialpdagogik/
Sozialarbeit
Steinbeis-Hochschule Berlin
www.evfh-berlin.de
www.stw.de/SHB
Universitt der Knste Berlin
Internationale Fachhochschule fr
Exekutives Management
www.udk-berlin.de
www.ifh-berlin.de
Kunsthochschule Berlin-Weiensee
Hochschule fr Gestaltung
Katholische Hochschule fr Sozialwesen

Berlin (KHSB)
Staatlich anerkannte Fachhochschule fr
Sozialwesen
www.kh-berlin.de
Hochschule fr Musik Hanns Eisler

Berlin
www.khsb-berlin.de
www.hfm-berlin.de
H:G Hochschule fr Gesundheit & Sport

www.my-campus-berlin.com
Hochschule fr Schauspielkunst
Ernst Busch Berlin
www.hfs-berlin.de
Fachhochschule fr Verwaltung und

Rechtspflege Berlin
www.fhvr-berlin.de
ESCP-EAP Europische
Wirtschaftshochschule Berlin
www.escp-eap.de
SRH Hochschule Berlin

Private University of Applied Sciences
www.srh-hochschule-berlin.de
Technische Fachhochschule Berlin

www.tfh-berlin.de
MEDIADESIGN Hochschule fr Design

und Informatik
Fachhochschule fr Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin
www.mediadesign.de
www.fhtw-berlin.de
Berlin
Design Akademie Berlin Hochschule fr
Kommunikation und Design
Fachhochschule Bielefeld
www.fh-bielefeld.de
www.design-akademie-berlin.de
Fachhochschule des Mittelstands (FHM)

Touro College Berlin
www.fhm-mittelstand.de
www.touroberlin.de

Berliner Technische Kunsthochschule
www.fhdw.de
www.btk-fh.de
Fachhochschule der Diakonie

Diaconia-University of Applied Sciences
BEST-Sabel-Fachhochschule Berlin
www.fhdd.de
www.best-sabel.de
International Business School Berlin

Bingen
Fachhochschule Bingen University of
Applied Sciences
www.ibsberlin.com
www.fh-bingen.de
Berlin IB-Hochschule
Staatlich anerkannte Hochschule fr
Soziales und Kommunikation
Bochum
Ruhr-Universitt Bochum
www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de
www.ib-hochschule.de
esmt European School of Management

and Technology
Hochschule Bochum
www.hochschule-bochum.de
www.esmt.org
Hertie School of Governance

www.hertie-school.org
Technische Fachhochschule Georg Agricola fr Rohstoff, Energie und Umwelt zu

Bochum
www.tfh-bochum.de
Biberach
Hochschule Biberach
Evangelische Fachhochschule RheinlandWestfalen-Lippe
www.fh-biberach.de
www.efh-bochum.de
Bielefeld
Universitt Bielefeld
Bonn
Rheinische Friedrich-WilhelmsUniversitt Bonn
www.uni-bielefeld.de
Kirchliche Hochschule Wuppertal/Bethel

Hochschule fr Kirche und Diakonie
www.uni-bonn.de
www.kiho-bethel.de
Hochschule der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe

University of Applied Sciences Bonn
Brhl
Europische Fachhochschule
www.s-hochschule.de
www.eufh.de
Brandenburg
Fachhochschule Brandenburg
Buxtehude
Hochschule21 gemeinntzige GmbH
www.fh-brandenburg.de
www.hs21.de
Braunschweig
Technische Universitt Carolo-Wilhelmina
zu Braunschweig
Calw
Internationale Hochschule fr Kreativpdagogik und knstlerische Therapien
www.tu-braunschweig.de
www.internationale-hochschule-calw.de
Hochschule fr Bildende Knste

Braunschweig
SRH Hochschule Calw

www.hbk-bs.de
www.hochschule-calw.de
Bremen
Universitt Bremen
Chemnitz
Technische Universitt Chemnitz
www.uni-bremen.de
www.tu-chemnitz.de
Jacobs University Bremen
Private Fernfachhochschule Sachsen
www.jacobs-university.de
www.ffh-sachsen.com
Hochschule fr Knste Bremen
Clausthal-Zellerfeld
Technische Universitt Clausthal
www.hfk-bremen.de
www.tu-clausthal.de
Hochschule Bremen
www.hs-bremen.de
APOLLON Hochschule der Gesundheitswirtschaft GmbH
Coburg
Hochschule fr angewandte Wissenschaften
Fachhochschule Coburg
www.hs-coburg.de
www.apollon-hochschule.de
Bremerhaven
Hochschule Bremerhaven
Fachhochschule Schloss Hohenfels

Staatlich anerkannte private Hochschule
fr Fachtherapien im Gesundheitswesen
www.hs-bremerhaven.de
www.fh-schloss-hohenfels.de
Bruchsal
International University in Germany
Cottbus
Brandenburgische Technische Universitt
Cottbus (BTU)
www.i-u.de
www.tu-cottbus.de
Darmstadt
Technische Universitt Darmstadt
Palucca Schule Dresden Hochschule fr

Tanz
www.tu-darmstadt.de
www.palucca-schule-dresden.de
Hochschule Darmstadt
Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Landeskirche Sachsens
www.h-da.de
www.kirchenmusik-dresden.de
Evangelische Fachhochschule Darmstadt

Dresden (FH)
www.efh-darmstadt.de
www.htw-dresden.de
Deggendorf
Fachhochschule Deggendorf
Evangelische Hochschule fr Soziale

Arbeit (FH)
www.fh-deggendorf.de
www.ehs-dresden.de
Detmold
Hochschule fr Musik Detmold

www.fhdw.de
www.hfm-detmold.de
Dortmund
Technische Universitt Dortmund
Duisburg
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
www.uni-duisburg-essen.de
www.uni-dortmund.de
Fachhochschule Dortmund
Dsseldorf
Heinrich-Heine-Universitt Dsseldorf
www.uni-duesseldorf.de
www.fh-dortmund.de
Kunstakademie Dsseldorf
Dresden
Technische Universitt Dresden
www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de
www.tu-dresden.de
Robert-Schumann-Hochschule Dsseldorf
www.rsh-duesseldorf.de
Dresden International University (DIU)

www.dresden-international-university.
com
Fachhochschule Dsseldorf
Hochschule fr Bildende Knste Dresden
Eberswalde
Fachhochschule Eberswalde
www.hfbk-dresden.de
Hochschule fr Musik Carl Maria von

Weber Dresden
www.fh-duesseldorf.de
www.fh-eberswalde.de
www.hfmdd.de
Eichsttt
Katholische Universitt EichstttIngolstadt
Essen
Universitt Duisburg-Essen
www.uni-duisburg-essen.de
www.ku-eichstaett.de
Folkwang Hochschule Essen

Elmshorn
Nordakademie Hochschule der Wirtschaft
www.folkwang-hochschule.de
www.nordakademie.de
Fachhochschule fr Oekonomie &

Management
Elstal
Theologisches Seminar Elstal (Fachhochschule) des Bundes Evangelisch-Freikirchlicher Gemeinden in Deutschland
www.fom.de
www.bildungszentrum-elstal.de
www.hs-esslingen.de
Emden
Fachhochschule Oldenburg /
Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven
Flensburg
Universitt Flensburg
Esslingen
Hochschule Esslingen
www.uni-flensburg.de
www.fh-oow.de
Fachhochschule Flensburg
Erding
Fachhochschule fr angewandtes
Management
www.myfham.de
www.fh-flensburg.de
Frankfurt (Oder)
Europa-Universitt Viadrina
Frankfurt (Oder)
Erfurt
Universitt Erfurt
www.euv-frankfurt-o.de
www.uni-erfurt.de
Frankfurt am Main
Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitt
Frankfurt am Main
Fachhochschule Erfurt
www.uni-frankfurt.de
www.fh-erfurt.de
Adam-Ries Fachhochschule
Frankfurt School of Finance &

Management
www.adam-ries-fh.de
www.frankfurt-school.de
Erlangen
Friedrich-Alexander-Universitt ErlangenNrnberg
Sankt Georgen
www.sankt-georgen.de
www.uni-erlangen.de
Frankfurt am Main
Staatliche Hochschule fr Bildende
Knste Stdelschule
Evangelische Fachhochschule Freiburg

Hochschule fr Soziale Arbeit, Diakonie
und Religionspdagogik
www.staedelschule.de
www.efh-freiburg.de
Hochschule fr Musik und Darstellende

Kunst Frankfurt a.M.
Freising
Fachhochschule Weihenstephan
www.hfmdk-frankfurt.de
www.fh-weihenstephan.de
Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main

Friedensau
Theologische Hochschule Friedensau
www.fh-frankfurt.de
www.thh-friedensau.de
Provadis School of International Management and Technology AG
Friedrichshafen
Zeppelin University
www.provadis-hochschule.de
www.zeppelin-university.de
Freiberg
Technische Universitt Bergakademie
Freiberg
Fulda
Theologische Fakultt Fulda
www.thf-fulda.de
www.tu-freiberg.de
Freiburg
Albert-Ludwigs-Universitt
Freiburg im Breisgau
www.uni-freiburg.de
Pdagogische Hochschule Freiburg

University of Education
Hochschule Fulda
www.fh-fulda.de
Furtwangen
Hochschule Furtwangen Informatik,
Technik, Wirtschaft, Medien
www.hs-furtwangen.de
www.ph-freiburg.de
Staatliche Hochschule fr Musik

Freiburg i. Br.
Gelsenkirchen
Fachhochschule Gelsenkirchen
www.fh-gelsenkirchen.de
www.mh-freiburg.de
Katholische Fachhochschule Freiburg

Hochschule fr Sozialwesen,
Religionspdagogik und Pflege
www.kfh-freiburg.de
Gera
SRH Fachhochschule fr Gesundheit Gera
www.gesundheitshochschule.de
Gieen
Justus-Liebig-Universitt Gieen
www.uni-giessen.de
Fachhochschule Gieen-Friedberg
www.fh-giessen.de
HafenCity Universitt Hamburg Universitt fr Baukunst und Raumentwicklung

www.hcu-hamburg.de
Gttingen
Georg-August-Universitt Gttingen
www.uni-goettingen.de
Hochschule fr bildende Knste

Hamburg
www.hfbk-hamburg.de
Private Fachhochschule Gttingen

www.pfh-goettingen.de
Hochschule fr Musik und Theater

Hamburg
Greifswald
Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitt Greifswald
www.musikhochschule-hamburg.de
www.uni-greifswald.de
Helmut-Schmidt-Universitt
Universitt der Bundeswehr Hamburg
Gstrow
Baltic College Gstrow
www.unibw-hamburg.de
www.baltic-college.de
Bucerius Law School

Hochschule fr Rechtswissenschaft
www.law-school.de
Hagen
FernUniversitt in Hagen
www.fernuni-hagen.de
Halle
Martin-Luther-Universitt
Halle-Wittenberg
www.uni-halle.de
Hochschule fr Angewandte
Wissenschaften Hamburg
www.haw-hamburg.de
Evangelische Hochschule fr Soziale

Arbeit & Diakonie
www.ev-hochschule-hh.de
Burg Giebichenstein
Hochschule fr Kunst und Design Halle
HFH Hamburger Fern-Hochschule
www.burg-halle.de
www.hamburger-fh.de
Evangelische Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik Halle an der Saale
Europische Fernhochschule Hamburg

www.ehk-halle.de
www.euro-fh.de
Hamburg
Universitt Hamburg
HSBA Hamburg School of Business

Administration
www.uni-hamburg.de
www.hsba.de
Technische Universitt Hamburg-Harburg
Akademie Mode & Design
www.tu-harburg.de
www.amdnet.de
Hamburg
ISS International Business School of
Service Management
Pdagogische Hochschule Heidelberg
www.iss-hh.de
Hochschule fr Jdische Studien
www.ph-heidelberg.de
www.hjs.uni-heidelberg.de
Hamm
SRH Fachhochschule Hamm
Hochschule fr Logistik und Wirtschaft
SRH Hochschule Heidelberg

www.fh-heidelberg.de
www.fh-hamm.srh.de
Hannover
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universitt
Hannover
Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik der Evangelischen Landeskirche in Baden

www.hfk-heidelberg.de
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Heilbronn
Hochschule Heilbronn
Technik, Wirtschaft, Informatik
www.mh-hannover.de
www.hs-heilbronn.de
Tierrztliche Hochschule Hannover
heilbronn business school

Staatlich anerkannte Fachhochschule
im Studienzentrum der Dieter Schwarz
Stiftung gGmbH
www.uni-hannover.de
www.tiho-hannover.de

Hannover
www.heilbronn-business-school.de
www.hmt-hannover.de
Fachhochschule Hannover (FHH)

University of Applied Sciences and Arts
Herford
Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik der
Evangelischen Kirche von Westfalen
www.fh-hannover.de
www.hochschule-herford.de
Fachhochschule fr die Wirtschaft

(FHDW) Hannover
Hildesheim
Universitt Hildesheim
www.fhdw.de
www.uni-hildesheim.de
Heide
Fachhochschule Westkste
Hochschule fr Wirtschaft und Technik
Fachhochschule Hildesheim/
Holzminden/Gttingen
Hochschule fr angewandte Wissenschaft
und Kunst
www.fh-westkueste.de
www.hawk-hhg.de
Heidelberg
Ruprecht-Karls-Universitt Heidelberg
www.uni-heidelberg.de
Hof
Fachhochschule Hof
www.fh-hof.de
Idstein
Europa Fachhochschule Fresenius
www.fh-fresenius.de
Karlsruhe
Universitt Fridericiana zu
Karlsruhe (TH)
www.uni-karlsruhe.de
Ilmenau
Technische Universitt Ilmenau
www.tu-ilmenau.de
Pdagogische Hochschule Karlsruhe

University of Education
www.ph-karlsruhe.de
Ingolstadt
Fachhochschule Ingolstadt
Staatliche Akademie der Bildenden Knste
www.fh-ingolstadt.de
www.kunstakademie-karlsruhe.de
Iserlohn
Fachhochschule Sdwestfalen
www.fh-swf.de
Staatliche Hochschule fr Gestaltung

Karlsruhe
Business and Information Technology

School BiTS
www.hfg-karlsruhe.de
www.bits-iserlohn.de
Hochschule Karlsruhe Technik und

Wirtschaft
Isny
Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische
Akademie Prof. Dr. Grbler
gemeinntzige GmbH Hochschule und
Berufskollegs
www.hs-karlsruhe.de
www.fh-isny.de
Kassel
Universitt Kassel
Jena
Friedrich-Schiller-Universitt Jena
www.uni-kassel.de
www.uni-jena.de
Kempten
Fachhochschule Kempten
Fachhochschule Jena
www.hfm-karlsruhe.de
Merkur Internationale FH Karlsruhe

www.merkur-fh.org
www.fh-kempten.de
www.fh-jena.de
Kaiserslautern
Technische Universitt Kaiserslautern
Kiel
Christian-Albrechts-Universitt zu Kiel
www.uni-kiel.de
www.uni-kl.de
Fachhochschule Kaiserslautern
Fachhochschule Kiel
www.fh-kl.de
www.fh-kiel.de
Kiel
Muthesius Kunsthochschule
Konstanz
Universitt Konstanz
www.muthesius.de
www.uni-konstanz.de
Koblenz
Universitt Koblenz-Landau,
Abteilung Koblenz
Hochschule Konstanz
Technik, Wirtschaft und Gestaltung
www.fh-konstanz.de
www.uni-koblenz-landau.de
Fachhochschule Koblenz
www.fh-koblenz.de
Kthen
Hochschule Anhalt (FH)
Hochschule fr angewandte
Wissenschaften
Kln
Universitt zu Kln
www.hs-anhalt.de
www.uni-koeln.de
Krefeld
Hochschule Niederrhein
Niederrhein University of Applied
Sciences
Hochschule fr Musik Kln

www.mhs-koeln.de
www.hs-niederrhein.de
Deutsche Sporthochschule Kln
Kunsthochschule fr Medien Kln
Lahr
AKAD Wissenschaftliche Hochschule
Lahr (WHL)
www.khm.de
www.whl-lahr.de
Fachhochschule Kln
University of Applied Sciences Cologne
Landau
Universitt Koblenz-Landau, Abteilung
Landau
www.dshs-koeln.de
www.fh-koeln.de
www.uni-koblenz-landau.de
Katholische Fachhochschule NordrheinWestfalen, Abteilung Kln

www.kfhnw.de
Landshut
Fachhochschule Landshut
Rheinische Fachhochschule Kln
www.fh-landshut.de
www.rfh-koeln.de
Europa Fachhochschule Fresenius

Hochschule fr Wirtschaft und Medien
GmbH, Kln
www.fh-fresenius.de
Leipzig
Universitt Leipzig
www.uni-leipzig.de
Handelshochschule Leipzig (HHL)

Leipzig Graduate School of Management
www.hhl.de

Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy Leipzig
Filmakademie Baden-Wrttemberg
www.filmakademie.de
www.hmt-leipzig.de
Hochschule fr Grafik und Buchkunst

Leipzig
www.hgb-leipzig.de
Evangelische Fachhochschule ReutlingenLudwigsburg

Hochschule fr Soziale Arbeit,
Religionspdagogik und Diakonie
www.efh-ludwigsburg.de

Kultur Leipzig (FH)
www.htwk-leipzig.de
Deutsche Telekom Hochschule

fr Telekommunikation, Leipzig
Ludwigshafen
Fachhochschule Ludwigshafen
Hochschule fr Wirtschaft
www.fh-ludwigshafen.de
AKAD Fachhochschule Leipzig
Evangelische Fachhochschule
Ludwigshafen
Hochschule fr Sozial- und
Gesundheitswesen
www.akad.de
www.efhlu.de
Lemgo
Fachhochschule Lippe und Hxter
Lneburg
Leuphana Universitt Lneburg
www.hft-leipzig.de
www.leuphana.de
www.fh-luh.de
Lbeck
Universitt zu Lbeck
Magdeburg
Otto-von-Guericke-Universitt Magdeburg
www.uni-luebeck.de
www.uni-magdeburg.de
Musikhochschule Lbeck
Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal (FH)

www.mh-luebeck.de
www.hs-magdeburg.de
Fachhochschule Lbeck
www.fh-luebeck.de
Mainz
Johannes Gutenberg-Universitt Mainz
www.uni-mainz.de
Ludwigsburg
Pdagogische Hochschule Ludwigsburg
www.ph-ludwigsburg.de
Fachhochschule Mainz
www.fh-mainz.de
Akademie fr Darstellende Kunst

Baden-Wrttemberg
Katholische Fachhochschule Mainz
www.adk-bw.de
www.kfh-mainz.de
Technische Universitt Mnchen
Mannheim
Universitt Mannheim
www.tu-muenchen.de
www.uni-mannheim.de
Universitt der Bundeswehr Mnchen

Staatliche Hochschule fr Musik und
Darstellende Kunst Mannheim
www.unibw-muenchen.de
www.muho-mannheim.de
Akademie der Bildenden Knste

www.adbk.mhn.de
Hochschule Mannheim
www.hs-mannheim.de

Mnchen
Hochschule der Bundesagentur fr Arbeit

Staatlich anerkannte Fachhochschule fr
Arbeitsmarktmanagement
www.musikhochschule-muenchen.
mhn.de
www.fh-arbeit.de
Hochschule fr Philosophie
(Philosophische Fakultt S.J.)
Popakademie Baden-Wrttemberg
www.hfph.mwn.de
www.pop-akademie.de
Hochschule fr Politik Mnchen

Marburg
Philipps-Universitt Marburg
www.hochschule-fuer-politik.mhn.de
www.uni-marburg.de
Hochschule fr Fernsehen und Film

Mnchen
Merseburg
Fachhochschule Merseburg
www.hff-muenchen.mhn.de
www.fh-merseburg.de
Wissenschaften FH Mnchen
www.hm.edu
Mittweida
Hochschule Mittweida (FH)
Katholische Stiftungs-Fachhochschule
Mnchen, Abteilung Mnchen
www.htwm.de
www.ksfh.de
Moritzburg
Evangelische Fachhochschule fr
Religionspdagogik und Gemeindediakonie
Munich Business School
www.fhs-moritzburg.de
www.macromedia-fachhochschule.de
Mnchen
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt Mnchen
Hochschule fr Angewandte Sprachen
www.munich-business-school.de
macromedia fachhochschule der medien
www.sdi-muenchen.de
www.uni-muenchen.de
Mnster
Westflische Wilhelms-Universitt
Mnster
Akademie der Bildenden Knste

in Nrnberg
www.adbk-nuernberg.de
www.uni-muenster.de
Kunstakademie Mnster
Hochschule fr Bildende Knste
Hochschule fr Musik Nrnberg

Augsburg
www.hfm-n-a.de
www.kunstakademie-muenster.de
Mnster
Georg-Simon-Ohm Hochschule Nrnberg

www.ohm-hochschule.de
www.pth-muenster.de
Evangelische Fachhochschule Nrnberg

Fachhochschule Mnster
www.evfh-nuernberg.de
www.fh-muenster.de
Nrtingen
Hochschule fr Wirtschaft und Umwelt
Nrtingen-Geislingen
Katholische Fachhochschule NordrheinWestfalen, Abteilung Mnster
www.hfwu.de
www.kfhnw.de
Neubrandenburg
Hochschule Neubrandenburg
Nrtingen
Hochschule fr Kunsttherapie Nrtingen
www.fhkt.de
www.fh-nb.de
Neuendettelsau
Augustana-Hochschule
Oberursel
Lutherische Theologische Hochschule
Oberursel
www.augustana.de
www.lthh-oberursel.de
Neu-Ulm
Fachhochschule Neu-Ulm
Oestrich-Winkel
European Business School (EBS)
www.fh-neu-ulm.de
www.ebs.edu
Nordhausen
Fachhochschule Nordhausen
Offenbach
Offenbach am Main
www.fh-nordhausen.de
www.hfg-offenbach.de
Nrnberg
Friedrich-Alexander-Universitt
Erlangen-Nrnberg
www.uni-erlangen.de
Offenburg
Medien Offenburg
Passau
Universitt Passau
www.hs-offenburg.de
Pforzheim
Hochschule Pforzheim
Gestaltung, Technik, Wirtschaft und Recht
Oldenburg
Carl von Ossietzky Universitt Oldenburg
www.uni-passau.de
www.hs-pforzheim.de
www.uni-oldenburg.de
Pfungstadt
Wilhelm Bchner Hochschule
Private Fernhochschule Darmstadt
www.fh-oow.de
www.wb-fernstudium.de
Osnabrck
Universitt Osnabrck
Pinneberg
AKAD-Fachhochschule Pinneberg
www.uni-osnabrueck.de
www.akad.de
Fachhochschule Osnabrck
Potsdam
Universitt Potsdam
www.fh-osnabrueck.de
www.uni-potsdam.de
Ottersberg
Fachhochschule Ottersberg
Hochschule fr Film und Fernsehen

Konrad Wolf Potsdam-Babelsberg
www.fh-ottersberg.de
www.hff-potsdam.de
Paderborn
Universitt Paderborn
Fachhochschule Potsdam
www.uni-paderborn.de
www.fh-potsdam.de
Theologische Fakultt Paderborn
UMC Potsdam
University of Management and
Communication
www.theofak-pb.de
Katholische Fachhochschule NordrheinWestfalen, Abteilung Paderborn
www.umc-potsdam.de
www.kfhnw.de
Regensburg
Universitt Regensburg
www.uni-regensburg.de
www.fhdw.de
Hochschule fr Katholische Kirchenmusik

und Musikpdagogik Regensburg
www.hfkm-regensburg.de
Fachhochschule Regensburg
Hochschule fr Technik, Wirtschaft,
Sozialwesen
Saarbrcken
Universitt des Saarlandes
www.uni-saarland.de
www.fh-regensburg.de
Hochschule der Bildenden Knste Saar

Reutlingen
Hochschule Reutlingen
www.hbks.uni-sb.de
www.hochschule-reutlingen.de
Hochschule fr Musik Saar

www.hfm.saarland.de
Theologisches Seminar Reutlingen

Staatlich anerkannte Fachhochschule der
Evangelisch-methodistischen Kirche

des Saarlandes
www.theologisches-seminar.de
www.htw-saarland.de
Riedlingen
SRH Fernfachhochschule Riedlingen
Katholische Hochschule fr Soziale Arbeit

(FH)
www.fh-riedlingen.de
www.khsa.de
Rosenheim
Fachhochschule Rosenheim
Sankt Augustin
SVD Sankt Augustin
www.fh-rosenheim.de
www.philtheol-augustin.de
Rostock
Universitt Rostock
Fachhochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg
www.fh-bonn-rhein-sieg.de
www.uni-rostock.de
Private Hanseuniversitt Rostock
Schmalkalden
Fachhochschule Schmalkalden
www.hanseuni.de
www.fh-schmalkalden.de

Rostock
Schwbisch Gmnd
Pdagogische Hochschule
Schwbisch Gmnd
www.hmt-rostock.de
www.ph-gmuend.de
Rottenburg
Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik
www.hfk-rottenburg.de
Hochschule fr Forstwirtschaft
Rottenburg
University of Applied Forest Sciences
Schwbisch Gmnd
www.hfg-gmuend.de
www.hs-rottenburg.net
Schwbisch Hall
Fachhochschule Schwbisch Hall
Freie Hochschule Stuttgart

Seminar fr Waldorfpdagogik
www.freie-hochschule-stuttgart.de
www.fhsh.de
Schwandorf
Private Fachhochschule Dpfer
Staatliche Akademie der Bildenden Knste

Stuttgart
www.abk-stuttgart.de
www.fh-doepfer.de
Senftenberg
Fachhochschule Lausitz
Staatliche Hochschule fr Musik und

Darstellende Kunst Stuttgart
www.mh-stuttgart.de
Hochschule fr Technik Stuttgart
www.fh-lausitz.de
www.hft-stuttgart.de
Siegen
Universitt Siegen
Hochschule der Medien Stuttgart
www.uni-siegen.de
www.hdm-stuttgart.de
Sigmaringen
Hochschule Albstadt-Sigmaringen
Ingenieur- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften
AKAD Fachhochschule Stuttgart
www.hs-albsig.de
www.akad.de
Merz Akademie
Hochschule fr Gestaltung Stuttgart
www.merz-akademie.de
Speyer
Deutsche Hochschule fr Verwaltungswissenschaften Speyer
Trier
Universitt Trier
www.hfv-speyer.de
www.uni-trier.de
Stralsund
Fachhochschule Stralsund
Theologische Fakultt Trier
www.fh-stralsund.de
Fachhochschule Trier Hochschule fr

Technik, Wirtschaft und Gestaltung
Stuttgart
Universitt Stuttgart
www.uni-trier.de/uni/theo
www.fh-trier.de
www.uni-stuttgart.de
Universitt Hohenheim
www.uni-hohenheim.de
Trossingen
Trossingen
www.mh-trossingen.de
Tbingen
Eberhard-Karls-Universitt Tbingen
Weimar
Bauhaus-Universitt Weimar
www.uni-tuebingen.de
www.uni-weimar.de
Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik der

Evangelischen Landeskirche in
Wrttemberg
Hochschule fr Musik Franz Liszt

Weimar
www.hfm-weimar.de
www.kirchenmusikhochschule.de
Ulm
Universitt Ulm
Weingarten
Pdagogische Hochschule Weingarten
www.ph-weingarten.de
www.uni-ulm.de
Hochschule Ulm
Technik, Informatik & Medien
Hochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten
Technik Wirtschaft Sozialwesen
www.hs-weingarten.de
www.hs-ulm.de
Vallendar
WHU Otto-Beisheim School of
Management
Wernigerode
Hochschule Harz
Wissenschaften (FH)
www.whu.edu
www.hs-harz.de
der Pallottiner Vallendar
Theologische Fakultt
Wiesbaden
Fachhochschule Wiesbaden
www.pthv.de
www.fh-wiesbaden.de
Vechta
Hochschule Vechta (Universitt)
Wildau
Technische Fachhochschule Wildau
www.uni-vechta.de
www.tfh-wildau.de
Private Fachhochschule fr Wirtschaft

und Technik Vechta/Diepholz
Wilhelmshaven
www.fhwt.de
www.fh-oow.de
Wedel
Fachhochschule Wedel
www.fh-wedel.de
Weilheim
Gustav-Siewerth-Akademie
Wismar
Hochschule Wismar
University of Technology, Business and
Design
www.hs-wismar.de
www.siewerth-akademie.de
Witten
Private Universitt Witten/Herdecke
www.uni-wh.de
Zwickau
Westschsische Hochschule Zwickau (FH)
www.fh-zwickau.de
Wolfenbttel
Fachhochschule Braunschweig/
Wolfenbttel
www.fh-wolfenbuettel.de
Worms
Fachhochschule Worms
www.fh-worms.de
Wuppertal
Bergische Universitt Wuppertal
www.uni-wuppertal.de
Kirchliche Hochschule Wuppertal/Bethel

Hochschule fr Kirche und Diakonie
www.kiho-wuppertal.de
Wrzburg
Julius-Maximilians-Universitt Wrzburg
www.uni-wuerzburg.de
Hochschule fr Musik Wrzburg

www.hfm-wuerzburg.de
Fachhochschule Wrzburg-Schweinfurt
www.fh-wuerzburg.de
Zittau
Internationales Hochschulinstitut Zittau
www.ihi-zittau.de
Hochschule Zittau/Grlitz (FH)

www.hs-zigr.de
Alphabetical Index of Degree Courses
A
Accounting / Rechnungswesen
Adaptronics / Adaptronik
Administration and Law / Verwaltung und
Recht
Administrative Economics, Public Services
Management / Verwaltungskonomie
ffentliches Dienstleistungsmanagement
Administrative Information Systems /
Verwaltungsinformatik
Administrative Studies / Verwaltungswissenschaft
Adult Education / Erwachsenenbildung,
Andragogik
Adventure and Experiential Education /
Abenteuer- und Erlebnispdagogik
Advertising and Market Communication /
Werbung und Marktkommunikation
Aeronautical Systems Engineering and
Management / Luftfahrtsystemtechnik und
-management
Aeronautical Technology / Luftfahrttechnik
Aerospace Engineering / Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik
Aesthetics, Art Theory/Art History /
Kunstwissenschaft
Aesthetics and Design Studies /
Kunst- und Designwissenschaft
African Philology, African Studies /
Afrikanische Philologie, Afrikanistik
Agricultural Economics, Agronomy /
Agrarwirtschaft, Agrarkonomie
Agricultural Marketing and Management /
Agrarmarketing und Agrarmanagement
Agricultural Sciences / Agrarwissenschaften
Agriculture Sciences and Environmental
Management / Agrarwissenschaften und
Umweltmanagement
Agrobiology / Agrarbiologie
Agrobiotechnology / Agrarbiotechnologie
Agroecology / Agrarkologie
Air Trafc Management / Luftverkehrsmanagement
Aircraft Construction / Flugzeugbau
Albanian Studies / Albanologie
American Studies / Amerikanistik
Ancient Hebrew Studies / Althebraistik
Ancient Iranian studies / Altiranistik
Ancient Oriental Studies / Altorientalische
Philologie, Altorientalistik
Ancient Studies / Altertumswissenschaften
Animal Sciences, Livestock Sciences /
Nutztierwissenschaften
Animation / Animation
Anthropogeography / Anthropogeographie
Anthropology / Anthropologie
Archaeology / Archologie
Archaeology, Christian / Archologie,
christliche
Archaeology, Classical / Archologie,
klassische
Archaeometry / Archometrie
Architecture / Architektur
Architecture and Interior Design /
Architektur und Innenarchitektur
Architecture and Town/Urban Planning /
Architektur und Stdtebau
Archive Studies / Archivwesen
Art / Kunst
Art Education / Kunstpdagogik
Art History / Kunstgeschichte
Art Therapy / Kunsttherapie
Asian Studies / Asienwissenschaften
Assyrian Studies / Assyriologie
Astronautics and Space Engineering,
Space Technology / Raumfahrttechnik
Astronomy / Astronomie
Astrophysics / Astrophysik
Auditing / Wirtschaftsprfung
Alphabetical Index of Degree Courses 205
Auditing, Tax and Management Consultancy / Wirtschaftsprfung, Steuer- und

Unternehmensberatung
Aural Theory / Gehrbildung
Austronesian Studies / Austronesistik
Automation and Robotics /
Automation and Robotics
Automation Engineering /
Automatisierungstechnik
Automotive and Motor Engineering /
Fahrzeug- und Motorentechnik
Automotive and Transport Engineering /
Fahrzeug- und Verkehrstechnik
Automotive Engineering /
Automobiltechnik
Automotive Engineering and Rail Vehicle
Engineering / Kraftfahrzeugtechnik und
Schienenfahrzeugtechnik
Automotive Industry /
Automobilwirtschaft
Automotive Management /
Automotive Management
Automotive Manufacturing, Automotive
Engineering / Fahrzeugbau, Fahrzeugtechnik
Automotive Mechatronics /
Fahrzeugmechatronik
Automotive Systems Engineering /
Automobilsystemtechnik
Automotive Technology and
Management /
Automobiltechnologie und -management
Autonomous Systems /
Autonome Systeme
Auxiliary Sciences of History / Historische
Hilfswissenschaften
Aviation Business Piloting and Airline
Management / Aviation Business Piloting and Airline Management
B
Ballet / Ballett
Baltic Management Studies /
Baltic Management Studies
Baltic Studies / Baltistik
Banking and Finance Management /
Bank- und Finanzmanagement
Barrier-Free Systems / Barrierefreie
Systeme
Basic Mathematical Research /
Mathematische Grundlagenforschung
Beverage Technology / Getrnketechnologie
Biochemical Engineering / Biochemietechnik
Biochemistry / Biochemie
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology /
Biochemie und Molekularbiologie
Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology /
Biochemie und molekulare Zellbiologie
Bioengineering / Bioingenieurwesen
Bio-Geo Analysis / BioGeo-Analyse
Biogeography / Biogeographie
Bioinformatics / Biological Information
Systems / Bioinformatik
Bioinformatics and Genome Research /
Bioinformatik und Genomforschung
Biological Analysis / Bio-Analytik
Biological and Environmental Process
Engineering / Bio- und Umweltverfahrenstechnik
Biological and Process Technology /
Bio- und Prozesstechnologie
Biological Diversity and Ecology /
Biologische Diversitt und kologie
Biology / Biologie
Biomathematics / Biomathematik
Biomedical Engineering /
Biomedizintechnik
Biomedicine / Biomedizin
Bionics / Bionik
Biopharmaceutical Technology /
Biopharmazeutische Technologie
Biophysics / Biophysik
Bioprocess Engineering /
Bioverfahrenstechnik
Bioscientic Documentation /
Biowissenschaftliche Dokumentation
Biotechnologies and Nanotechnologies /
Bio- und Nanotechnologien
Biotechnology / Biotechnologie
Bohemian Studies, Slovakian Studies /
Bohemistik, Slovakistik
Book Science / Buchwissenschaft
Book Trade, Publishing Industry /
Buchhandel, Verlagswirtschaft
Brewing and Beverage Technology /
Brauwesen und Getrnketechnologie
British Studies, British Literary and
Cultural Studies / Britische Literatur- und
Kulturwissenschaft
Building and Property Management /
Bau- und Immobilienmanagement
Building Conservation, Conservation of the
Built Environment/Heritage / Pege des
Bauerbes
Building History / Baugeschichte
Building Industry / Bauwirtschaft
Building Materials Engineering / Baustoffingenieurwesen
Building Physics / Bauphysik
Building Technology, applied / Bautechnologie, angewandte
Built Heritage Conservation / Denkmalpege
Bulgarian Studies / Bulgaristik
Business Administration for Top-Class
Athletes / Betriebswirtschaftslehre fr
Spitzensportler
Business Administration, Business
Management / Betriebswirtschaftslehre
Business and Environmental Law /
Wirtschafts- und Umweltrecht
Business Communication / Wirtschaftskommunikation

Business Informatics, Business Information Systems / Wirtschaftsinformatik
Business Law, Commercial Law, Company
Law / Wirtschaftsrecht
Business Management for Small and
Medium-sized Enterprises /
Betriebswirtschaft fr kleine und mittlere
Unternehmen
Business Mathematics / Wirtschaftsmathematik
Business Physics / Wirtschaftsphysik
Business Psychology / Wirtschaftspsychologie
Business Translating / Wirtschaftsbersetzen
Byzantine Studies / Byzantinistik
C
Camera / Kamera
Canadian Studies / Kanadistik
Caritas Science, Charity Studies / Caritaswissenschaft
Cartography / Kartographie
Cartography and Geomedia-Technology /
Kartographie und Geomedientechnik
Cartography und Geomatics / Kartographie
und Geomatik
Catalan / Katalanisch
Caucasian Studies / Kaukasiologie
Cell Biology / Zellbiologie
Cellular and Molecular Biology / Zellulre
und Molekularbiologie
Celtic Studies / Keltologie
Central Asian Studies / Zentralasienwissenschaften
Ceramic, Glass and Building Materials
Technology / Keramik-, Glas-, Baustofftechnik
Ceramics / Keramik
Chemical and Environmental Engineering / Chemie- und Umwelttechnik
Chemical Biology / Chemische Biologie
Chemical Engineering / Chemieingenieurwesen
Chemical Engineering / Chemietechnik
Chemical Engineering Paints-VarnishesEnvironment / Chemieingenieurwesen
Farbe-Lack-Umwelt
Chemistry / Chemie
Chemistry and Biochemistry / Chemie und
Biochemie
Chemistry and Biotechnology / Chemie
und Biotechnologie
Chemistry with Marketing, Business
Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry /
Wirtschaftschemie
Chinese Language and Literature /
Chinesische Sprache und Literatur
Chinese Philosophy and History /
Chinesische Philosophie und Geschichte
Choreography / Choreographie
Church History / Kirchengeschichte
Church Music / Kirchenmusik
Church Music, Catholic / Kirchenmusik,
katholische
Church Music, Protestant / Kirchenmusik,
evangelische
Civil Engineering / Bauingenieurwesen
Civil Law / Zivilrecht
Climatology / Klimatologie
Clinical Engineering, Hospital Engineering / Krankenhaustechnik, Medizintechnik
Clinical Linguistics / Klinische Linguistik
Clothing Design / Bekleidungsgestaltung
Clothing Technology, Clothing Engineering / Bekleidungstechnik
Coaching / Korrepetition
Coastal Geosciences and Engineering /
Geo- und Ingenieurwissenschaften der
Ksten
Cognitive Computer Science / Kognitive

Informatik
Cognitive Linguistics / Kognitive
Linguistik
Cognitive Science / Kognitionswissenschaft
Commercial Management / Handelsmanagement
Commercial Vehicle Technology (CVT) /
Nutzfahrzeugtechnik
Communication and Information Technology / Kommunikations- und Informationstechnologie
Communication and Media Engineering /
Kommunikations- und Medientechnik
Communication and Media Science /
Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaft
Communication and Multimedia Management / Kommunikation- und Multimediamanagement
Communication Design / Kommunikationsdesign
Communication Management / Kommunikationsmanagement
Communication Psychology / Kommunikationspsychologie
Communication Research and Phonetics /
Kommunikationsforschung und Phonetik
Communication Science (applied) / Kommunikationswissenschaft (angewandte)
Communications Engineering / Kommunikationstechnik
Company Management, Corporate
Management / Unternehmensfhrung
Comparative and European Law /
Vergleichendes und Europisches Recht
Comparative Cultural Studies /
Vergleichende Kulturwissenschaft
Comparative Linguistics / Vergleichende
Sprachwissenschaft
Comparative Literary Studies (Comparative

Literature) / Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft (Komparatistik)
Comparative Political Research /
Vergleichende Politikforschung
Comparative Social Science /
Vergleichende Sozialwissenschaft
Composition / Komposition
Computational Life Science /
Computational Life Science
Computational Logic / Computational
Logic
Computational Mathematics / Computermathematik
Computational Visualistics, Computational
Imaging / Computervisualistik
Computer Graphics and Image Processing / Computergrak und Bildverarbeitung
Computer Linguistics, Linguistic Information Systems, Linguistic Data Processing / Computerlinguistik, Linguistische Informatik, Linguistische Datenverarbeitung
Computer Networking, Network Engineering / Netzwerktechnik
Computer Science (applied) / Informatik
(angewandte)
Computer Science and Multimedia /
Informatik und Multimedia
Computer Science for Vehicle Engineering / Fahrzeuginformatik
Computer Science in Banking and
Finance / Informatik im Bank- und
Finanzwesen
Computer Science in Communications,
Communications Information Systems /
Kommunikationsinformatik
Computer Science in Construction,
Construction Information Systems / Bauinformatik
Computer Science in Materials Engineering, Materials Engineering Information
Systems / Werkstofnformatik
Computer Science, Mobile Systems /

Informatik, Mobile Systeme
Computer Technology, Computer Engineering / Computertechnik
Computer Vision and Computational Intelligence / Bilderkennungen und intelligente
Informationssysteme
Computer-aided Engineering / Computergesttzte Ingenieurwissenschaften
Conducting / Dirigieren
Conference Interpreting / Konferenzdolmetschen
Conservation and Restoration / Konservierung und Restaurierung
Conservation of New Media and Digital Information / Konservierung Neuer Medien
und Digitaler Information
Constitutional Law, International Law /
Staatsrecht Vlkerrecht
Constitutional, Social and Economic
History / Verfassungs-, Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte
Construction Site Management /
Baubetrieb
Consumer Science, Consumer Studies /
Verbraucherwissenschaft
Contemporary History / Zeitgeschichte
Content Management / Content-Management
Controlling / Controlling
Coptic studies / Koptologie
Corporate Vocational Training and
Vocational Training Management /
Betriebliche Berufsbildung und Berufsbildungsmanagement
Corrosion Protection Technology,
Anticorrosion Technology/Engineering /
Korrosionsschutztechnik
Counseling / Beratung
Crafts Management / Handwerksmanagement
Creative Writing and Cultural

Journalism / Kreatives Schreiben und
Kulturjournalismus
Crop Biotechnology / Panzenbiotechnologie
Crop Sciences / Panzenbauwissenschaften
Cruise Industry Management /
Seetouristik
Cultural Anthropology / Kulturanthropologie
Cultural Computer Science, Cultural Information Systems / Kulturinformatik
Cultural Education / Kulturpdagogik
Cultural Engineering, Knowledge
Management, Logistics / Kulturwissenschaft, Wissensmanagement, Logistik
Cultural Geography / Kulturgeographie
Cultural History, American / Kulturgeschichte, amerikanische
Cultural Journalism / Kulturjournalismus
Cultural Management / Kulturmanagement
Cultural Philosophy / Kulturphilosophie
Cultural Studies / Kulturwissenschaft
Cultural Work / Kulturarbeit
Culture, Leisure and Sports Management /
Kultur-, Freizeit-, Sportmanagement
Czech / Tschechisch
D
Dairy Science and Technology / Milchwissenschaft und -technologie
Dance / Tanz
Dance Education / Tanzpdagogik
Danish / Dnisch
Data Analysis and Data Management /
Datenanalyse und Datenmanagement
Data and Knowledge Management / Daten
und Wissensverwaltung
Democracy Studies / Demokratiewissenschaft

Dental Technology / Dentaltechnologie
Dentistry / Zahnmedizin
Design / Design, Gestaltung
Development Management / Development
Management
Digital Media / Digitale Medien
Direction / Regie
Discrete and Computational Mathematics / Diskrete und Computerorientierte
Mathematik
Documentary and Television Journalism /
Dokumentarlm und Fernsehpublizistik
Documentation / Dokumentation
Drama / Schauspiel
Drama Theatre Directing / Schauspieltheater-Regie
Dramaturgy, Theatrical Art / Dramaturgie
E
Early Child Education / Frhkindliche
Bildung und Erziehung
Early Education / Bildung und Erziehung
im Kindesalter
Early German Literary Studies /
ltere Deutsche Literaturwissenschaft
Early History, Near East / Vorderasiatische
Altertumskunde
Earth and Space Sciences / Earth and
Space Sciences
East Asian Studies / Ostasienwissenschaften
Eastern European Studies / OsteuropaStudien
East-West Studies / Ost-West-Studien
Ecological Farming and Marketing, Organic Farming and Marketing / kolandbau
und Vermarktung
Ecological Impact Assessment / Umweltfolgenabschtzung

Ecological/Organic Farming / kologische
Landwirtschaft
Ecology / kologie
Ecology and Diversity / kologie und
Vielfalt
Economic and Employment/Industrial
Relations Law / Wirtschafts- und Arbeitsrecht
Economic and Social History /
Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte
Economic and Social Psychology /
Wirtschafts- und Sozialpsychologie
Economic Geography / Wirtschaftsgeographie
Economic Policy, Industrial Policy /
Wirtschaftspolitik
Economics, Political Economy / Volkswirtschaftslehre
Economics / Wirtschaftswissenschaft
Economics and Finance / Wirtschaft und
Finanzen
Economics and Law / Wirtschaft und
Recht
Economics and Organisational
Science / Wirtschafts- und Organisationswissenschaften
Economics and Politics / Wirtschaft und
Politik
Economics and Politics of Eastern Asia /
Wirtschaft und Politik Ostasiens
Economics of Small and Medium-sized
Enterprise / Mittelstandskonomie
Economy / konomie
Ecotrophology, Domestic and Nutritional
Science / Oecotrophologie, kotrophologie
Ecotrophology and Facility Management,
Domestic and Nutritional Science and
Facility Management / Oecotrophologie
und Facility Management
Ecotrophology, Nutrition and Dietetics,

Domestic and Nutritional Science /
Oecotrophologie, Ernhrung und Ditetik
Ecumenical Studies / Ecumenical Studies
Education / Erziehungswissenschaft,
Pdagogik
Education / Bildungswissenschaft
Education in Business, Business
Education / Wirtschaftspdagogik
Educational Economics / Bildungskonomie
Educational Management / Bildungsmanagement
Educational Planning, Instructional
Design / Bildungsplanung, Instructional
Design
Educational Psychology / Pdagogische
Psychologie
Egyptology / gyptologie
Electrical and Microsystems Engineering /
Elektro- und Mikrosystemtechnik
Electrical Communication Engineering /
Nachrichtentechnik
Electrical Engineering / Elektrotechnik
Electrical Engineering and Information
Technology / Elektro- und Informationstechnik
Electrical Power Engineering / Elektrische
Energietechnik
Electrical, Lighting and Automation
Systems / Elektro-, Licht- und Automatisierungstechnische Systeme
Electromagnetic, Optical and Microwave
Engineering / Elektromagnetische-, Optische- und Mikrowellentechnik
Electronic Business / Electronic Business
Electronics / Elektronik
Embedded Systems and Microrobotics /
Eingebettete Systeme und Mikrorobotik
Empirical Economics and Political
Advice / Empirische konomik und
Politikberatung
Empirical Economics, Business Administration and Social Sciences / Empirische

Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften
Energy and Environmental Engineering /
Energie- und Umwelttechnik
Energy and Environmental Management /
Energie- und Umweltmanagement
Energy and Natural Resources / Energie
und Rohstoffe
Energy and Process Engineering /
Energie- und Prozesstechnik
Energy and Recycling Management /
Energie- und Recycling-Management
Energy Engineering / Energietechnik
Energy Management / Energiewirtschaft
Engineering / Ingenieurwissenschaften
Engineering Computing, Engineering Information Systems / Ingenieurinformatik
Engineering Ecology / Ingenieurkologie
Engineering Physics / Physikingenieurwesen
English and American Studies /
Anglistik und Amerikanistik
English Speaking Cultures / Englische
Kulturwissenschaft
English Studies / Englische Philologie,
Anglistik
English Studies and Media Management /
Anglistik und Medienmanagement
Environmental and Bioengineering /
Umwelt- und Bioingenieurwissenschaft
Environmental and Energy Process
Engineering / Umwelt- und Energieprozesstechnik
Environmental and Resource Management / Umwelt- und Ressourcenmanagement
Environmental Chemistry / Umweltchemie
Environmental Computing, Environmental
Information Systems / Umweltinformatik
Environmental Engineering / Umweltingenieurwesen

Environmental Management and Infrastructure Planning in Conurbations/BuiltUp Areas/Metropolitan Areas / Umweltmanagement und Infrastrukturplanung in
Ballungsrumen
Environmental Measurement Engineering / Umweltmesstechnik
Environmental Physics / Umweltphysik
Environmental Planning and Management / Umweltplanung und -management
Environmental Process Engineering /
Umweltverfahrenstechnik
Environmental Protection / Umweltschutz
Environmental Protection and Agricultural Food Production / Umweltschutz und
agraische Lebensmittelproduktion
Environmental Protection Engineering /
Umweltschutztechnik
Environmental Sciences (applied) /
Umweltwissenschaften (angewandte)
Environmental, Hygiene and Safety Engineering / Umwelt-, Hygiene- und Sicherheitstechnik
Ergo therapy / Ergotherapie
Ergonomics, Work Design / Arbeitsgestaltung
Ethics / Ethik
Ethnology / Ethnologie, Vlkerkunde
Eurhythmics / Eurythmie
European Administrative Management /
Europisches Verwaltungsmanagement
European Art History / Europische Kunstgeschichte
European Business Administration /
Europische Betriebswirtschaftslehre
European Business Law / Europisches
Wirtschaftsrecht
European Community Education Studies /

European Community Education Studies
European Cultural History / Europische
Kulturgeschichte
European Economics / Europische Wirtschaft
European Ethnology, Cultural Studies /
Europische Ethnologie, Kulturwissenschaft
European Labour Studies / Europische
Arbeitswissenschaft
European Linguistics / Europische
Sprachwissenschaft
European Management / Europisches
Management
European Media Studies / Europische
Medienwissenschaft
European Political Studies / Europische
Politikwissenschaften
European Studies / Europa-Studien
European Tourism Management /
Europisches Tourismusmanagement
Event Engineering / Veranstaltungstechnik
Event Management / Veranstaltungsmanagement
Exhibition, Conference and Event Management / Messe-, Kongress- und Eventmanagement
Experimental Physics / Experimentalphysik
F
Facilities Engineering / Gebudetechnik
Facilities Engineering / Technische
Gebudeausrstung
Facilities Engineering Management /
Technisches Gebudemanagement
Facility and Energy Engineering /
Gebude- und Energietechnik
Facility and Environmental Engineering /

Gebude- und Umwelttechnik
Facility and Infrastructural Management /
Gebude- und Infrastrukturmanagement
Facility Climate Control / Gebudeklimatik
Facility Management / Facility Management
Family Education / Familienpdagogik
Farming / Landwirtschaft
Farming and Horticultural Studies/
Sciences / Land- und Gartenbauwissenschaft
Fashion Design / Modedesign
Film / Film
Film and Television Drama Scriptwriting / Film- und Fernsehdramaturgie
Drehbuch
Film and TV / Film und Fernsehen
Film and TV Directing / Film- und
Fernsehregie
Film Music / Filmmusik
Film Studies / Filmwissenschaft
Financial Management / Finanzmanagement
Financial Mathematics / Finanzmathematik
Financial Services / Finanzdienstleistungen
Fine Arts / Bildende Kunst
Finno-Ugrian Philology, Finno-Ugrian
Studies / Finnisch-ugrische Philologie,
Finnougristik
Fire Control and Protection / Brandschutz
Fisheries Management and Aquaculture /
Fischwirtschaft und Gewsserbewirtschaftung
Folk Music / Volksmusik
Food and Agribusiness/Agronomy /
Lebensmittel und Agrarwirtschaft
Food and Resource Economics /
Lebensmittel- und Ressourcenwirtschaft
Food Chemistry / Lebensmittelchemie
Food Engineering / Lebensmitteltechnik

Food Management / Lebensmittelwirtschaft
Food Packaging Technology / Lebensmittelverpackungstechnologie
Food Science / Lebensmittelwissenschaft
Food Technology and Biotechnology /
Technologie und Biotechnologie der
Lebensmittel
Food, Nutrition, Hygiene / Lebensmittel,
Ernhrung, Hygiene
Foreign Languages in Adult Education /
Fremdsprachen in der Erwachsenenbildung
Foreign Languages, Modern / Neuere
Fremdsprachen
Forest and Wood Management / Forstund Holzwirtschaft
Forest Information Technology, Forest
Information Systems / Informationstechnik in den Forstwissenschaften
Forest Management / Wald- und Forstwirtschaft
Forest Management and Environment /
Waldwirtschaft und Umwelt
Forestry / Forstwissenschaften
Forestry and Wood Ecology / Forstwissenschaften und Waldkologie
Foundry Engineering / Giessereitechnik
French Cultural Studies and CrossCultural Communication / Franzsische
Kulturwissenschaft und Interkulturelle
Kommunikation
French Studies / Frankreichstudien
Fuel Engineering / Brennstofngenieurwesen
Future Energies / Zukunftsenergien
G
Game Design / Gamedesign
Gem and Jewellery Design / Edelstein- und
Schmuckdesign
Gender Studies / Geschlechterforschung,
Geschlechterstudien
Geodesy, Geodetic Engineering / Geodsie
Geoecology / Geokologie
Geography (applied) / Erdkunde,
Geographie (angewandte)
Geoinformatics / Geoinformatik
Geo-information / Geoinformation
Geology / Geologie
Geo-Ocean Dynamics / Geo-Ocean
Dynamics
Geophysics (applied) / Geophysik
(angewandte)
Georesources Management /
Georessourcenmanagement
Geosciences (applied) / Geowissenschaften
(angewandte)
Geosciences and Environment /
Geowissenschaft und Umwelt
Geotechnics and Mining / Geotechnik und
Bergbau
German / Deutsch
German and European Business/
Commercial/Company Law / Deutsches
und Europisches Wirtschaftsrecht
German and Polish Law / Deutsches und
Polnisches Recht
German as a Foreign Language / Deutsch
als Fremdsprache
German Language and Literature of the
Middle Ages / Deutsche Sprache und Literatur des Mittelalters, Medivistik
German Linguistics / Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
German Literary Studies / Deutsche
Literaturwissenschaft
German Studies, Culture and Communication / Germanistik, Kultur und Kommunikation

German Studies, German Philology /
Germanistik, Deutsche Philologie
German-French Studies /
Deutsch-Franzsische Studien
German-Italian Studies /
Deutsch-Italienische Studien
Gerontology / Gerontologie
Glass Design / Glasgestaltung
Global Brand Management / Globales
Markenmanagement
Global Horticulture / Globale Gartenbauwissenschaft
Global Industrial Management / Globales
Industriemanagement
Global Political Economy / Globale Volkswirtschaftslehre
Global Studies / Globalwissenschaften
Global Technology Management /
Globales Technologiemanagement
Goldsmithing and Silversmithing /
Gold- und Silberschmieden
Governance / Politische Steuerung und
Koordination
Governance & Public Policy / Staatswissenschaften
Graphic Design / Grakdesign
Graphics / Grak
Greek Philology / Griechische Philologie,
Grzistik
H
Hazard Control / Hazard Control
Health and Nursing Management /
Gesundheits- und Pegemanagement
Health and Nutrition / Gesundheit und
Ernhrung
Health and Social Management /

Gesundheits- und Sozialwirtschaft
Health and Social Services / Gesundheitsund Sozialwesen
Health Economy/Management /
Gesundheitswirtschaft
Health Insurance Management / Krankenversicherungsmanagement
Health Management / Gesundheitsmanagement
Health Promotion / Gesundheitsfrderung
Health Sciences / Gesundheitswissenschaften
Health System Technical Medical
Studies / Gesundheitswesen Technische
Medizinwirtschaft
Hearing Acoustics / Hrakustik
Hearing Aid Technology and Audiology /
Hrtechnik und Audiologie
Historical Music Instruments /
Historische Musikinstrumente
History / Geschichte, Geschichtswissenschaft
History and Culture in Africa / Geschichte
und Kultur in Afrika
History of Eastern and South Eastern
Europe / Geschichte Ost- und
Sdosteuropas
History of Latin America / Geschichte
Lateinamerikas
History of Science / Wissenschaftsgeschichte
History of South Asia / Geschichte
Sdasiens
History of the Early Modern Age /
Geschichte der Frhen Neuzeit
History of the Islamic Art / Geschichte der
Islamischen Kunst
History of the Natural Sciences and Technology / Geschichte der Naturwissenschaft
und Technik
History, Ancient / Geschichte, alte
History, Anglo-American / Geschichte,

angloamerikanische
History, Contemporary / Geschichte,
neueste
History, Eastern Europe / Geschichte,
osteuropische
History, European / Geschichte,
europische
History, Iberian and Latin American /
Geschichte, iberische und lateinamerikanische
History, Medieval / Geschichte, mittelalterliche, mittlere
History, Modern / Geschichte, neuere
Horticultural Management / GartenbauManagement
Horticultural Science / Gartenbauwissenschaften
Hospital Facilities Management /
Krankenhaustechnik-Management
Hospital Operations, Health and Social
Economics / Krankenhauswesen, Gesundheits- und Sozialkonomie
Hotel Management / Hotelmanagement
Human Biology / Humanbiologie
Hydrography / Hydrographie
Hydrology / Hydrologie
I
Ibero-Romance Philology /
Iberoromanische Philologie
Imaging Physics / Imaging Physics
Inclusive Early Education / Integrative
Frhpdagogik
Inclusive Education / Integrative
Heilpdagogik
In-Company Education / Betriebspdagogik
Indo-European Philology /
Indogermanische Sprachwissenschaft
Indo-European studies / Indogermanistik

Indology / Indologie
Industrial and Physical Engineering /
Industrie- und Physiktechnik
Industrial Computing, Industrial Information Systems / Industrieinformatik
Industrial Design / Industriedesign
Industrial Electronics / Industrieelektronik
Industrial Engineering Automotive
Technology / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen
Automobiltechnologie
Industrial Engineering Chemistry /
Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen Chemie
Industrial Engineering Civil Engineering / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen Bauingenieurwesen
Industrial Engineering Computer
Science / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen
Informatik
Industrial Engineering Electrical
Engineering and Information Technology /
Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik
Industrial Engineering Energy Engineering / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen
Energietechnik
Industrial Engineering Environment /
Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen Umwelt
Industrial Engineering Logistics,
Transport / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen
Logistik, Transport
Industrial Engineering Mechanical
Engineering / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen
Maschinenbau
Industrial Engineering Project Management / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen
Projektmanagement
Industrial Engineering Sales and Marketing / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen Vertrieb
Industrial Engineering Telecommunications / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen
Telekommunikation
Industrial Engineering Transport

Engineering / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen
Verkehrsmanagement
Industrial Engineering and Information
Technology / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen
und Informationstechnik
Industrial Engineering in Craftsmanship /
Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen im Handwerk
Industrial Engineering, Technical
Management / Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen, Technische Betriebswirtschaft
Industrial Management / Industriemanagement
Information and Automation Engineering / Informations- und Automatisierungstechnik
Information and Communication Engineering / Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik
Information and Communication Management / Informations- und Kommunikationsmanagement
Information and Communication
Science / Informations- und Kommunikationswissenschaft
Information and Electrical Engineering /
Informations- und Elektrotechnik
Information and Knowledge Management / Informations- und Wissensmanagement
Information and Media Technologies /
Informations- und Medientechnologie
Information Management / Informationsmanagement
Information Science / Informationswissenschaft
Information Science and Language Technology / Informationswissenschaft und
Sprachtechnologie
Information Technology / Informationstechnologie
Information Technology in Mechanical

Engineering / Informationstechnik im
Maschinenwesen
Infrastructure and Environment /
Infrastruktur und Umwelt
Infrastructure Management / Infrastrukturmanagement
Innovation Management / Innovation
Management
Instructional and Training Psychology /
Lehr-, Lern- und Trainingspsychologie
Instrumental Music / Instrumentalmusik
Insurance and Finance / Versicherung und
Finanzen
Insurance Studies, Insurance Management, Actuarial Studies / Versicherungswesen, Versicherungswirtschaft
Integrated Design / Integriertes Design
Integrated Power Plant Engineering /
Integrated Power Plant Engineering
Integrated Product Development /
Integrierte Produktentwicklung
Integrated Social and Cognitive Psychology / Integrierte Soziale und Kognitive
Psychologie
Integrative Neurosciences / Integrative
Neurowissenschaften
Intelligent Systems / Intelligente Systeme
Interaction Design / Interaktionsdesign
Intercultural Communication / Interkulturelle Kommunikation
Intercultural European and American
Studies / Interkulturelle Europa- und
Amerikastudien
Intercultural Management / Interkulturelles Management
Interface Design / Schnittstellendesign
Interior Design / Innenarchitektur
International Accounting and Taxation /
Internationales Rechnungs- und Steuerwesen
International Agriculture Trade /

Internationaler Agrarhandel
International Business Administration /
Internationale Betriebswirtschaftslehre
International Business Development /
Internationale Wirtschaftsentwicklung
International Business, International
Management / Auenwirtschaft, Internationales Management
International Civil Engineering / Internationales Bauingenieurwesen
International Commercial Management /
Internationales Handelsmanagement
International Communication Management / Internationales Kommunikationsmanagement
International Ecological/Organic Agriculture / Internationale kologische Landwirtschaft
International Economic/Commercial/
Company Law / Internationales Wirtschaftsrecht
International Economics / Internationale
Wirtschaftswissenschaften
International Economics, International
Political Economy / Internationale Volkswirtschaftslehre
International Economics/Business / Internationale Wirtschaft
International Finance and Accounting /
Internationales Finanz- und Rechnungswesen
International Forest Ecosystem Management / Internationales WaldkosystemManagement
International Forest Management / Internationale Waldwirtschaft
International Hotel and Tourism Management / Internationales Hotel- & Tourismusmanagement
International Industrial Engineering /
Internationales Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen
International Information Management /

Internationales Informationsmanagement
International Insurance / Internationales
Versicherungswesen
International Law / Internationales Recht
International Management / Internationales Management
International Management and Marketing / Internationales Management und
Marketing
International Marketing / Internationales
Marketing
International Marketing and Business
Communication / Internationales Marketing und Wirtschaftskommunikation
International Material Flow Management /
Internationales Stoffstrommanagement
International Personnel (Human Resource) Management and Organisation /
Internationales Personalmanagement und
Organisation
International Politics and History / Internationale Politik und Geschichte
International Project Management / Internationales Projektmanagement
International Relations / Internationale
Beziehungen
International Resource and Environmental
Management / Internationales Ressourcen- und Umweltmanagement
International Sales and Purchasing Engineering / Internationales Vertriebs- und
Einkaufsingenieurwesen
International Social Sciences / Internationale Sozialwissenschaften
International Studies of Global Management / Internationaler Studiengang Global
Management
International Tourism Management /
Internationales Tourismusmanagement
International Trade Relations / Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen
International Viniculture/Viticulture/
Oenology / Internationale Weinwirtschaft
International Vocational Education / Internationale Berufsbildung
Internet Business Engineering / Internet
Business Engineering
Internet Economics / Internet Economics
Internet Science and Technology / Internet
Science and Technology
Interpreting / Dolmetschen
Interreligious Studies / Interreligise
Studien
Islamic Art and Archaeology / Islamische
Kunst und Archologie
Islamic Studies / Islamwissenschaft
IT Systems Engineering / IT-Systemtechnik
Italian Studies / Italienstudien
J
Japanese Studies / Japanwissenschaften,
Japanologie
Jazz and Popular Music / Jazz und
Popularmusik
Jewellery Design / Schmuckdesign
Jewish Studies / Jdische Studien
Journalism / Journalismus, Journalistik
Journalism, Publishing and Media
Studies / Publizistik
Journalism, Technology Communication / Journalismus und Technik-Kommunikation
Judaic Studies / Judaistik
K
Korean Studies / Koreanistik
L
Labour Policies and Globalisation /
Arbeitspolitik und Globalisierung
Labour Studies, Human Work Factors,
Ergonomics / Arbeitswissenschaft
Land Use (Agriculture and Horticulture) /
Landnutzung (Agrarwissenschaften und
Gartenbauwissenschaften)
Land Use and Water Supply Management /
Landnutzung und Wasserbewirtschaftung
Landscape Architecture / Landschaftsarchitektur
Landscape Conservation / Landespege
Landscape Design / Landschaftsgestaltung
Landscape Development, Landscape
Gardening / Landschaftsentwicklung,
Landschaftsbau
Landscape Ecology / Landschaftskologie
Landscape Planning / Landschaftsplanung
Language and Communication Studies /
Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft
Language and Economics / Sprachen und
Wirtschaft
Language and Text Technology /
Sprach- und Texttechnologie
Language Teaching Research /
Sprachlehrforschung
Language Therapy / Sprachtherapie
Languages and Cultures of Austronesia /
Sprachen und Kulturen Austronesiens
Languages and Cultures of the Christian
Orient / Sprachen und Kulturen des
Christlichen Orients
Languages for Business Purposes (applied) / Wirtschaftssprachen (angewandte)
Laser and Optical Technologies /
Laser- und Optotechnologien
Latin / Latein
Latin American Studies / Lateinamerikastudien, Lateinamerikanistik
Latin Philology, Latin Studies / Lateinische

Philologie, Latinistik
Law / Rechtswissenschaft
Law of Information, Right of Information,
Right to Information, Information Law /
Informationsrecht
Leather Processing and Shoe Engineering / Lederverarbeitung, Schuhtechnik
Leisure and Tourism Management /
Freizeit- und Tourismusmanagement
Leisure Studies, applied / Freizeitwissenschaft, angewandte
Library and Information Studies /
Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft
Library and Media Management /
Bibliotheks- und Medienmanagement
Library Studies / Bibliothekswissenschaft
Life Sciences / Biowissenschaften, Lebenswissenschaften
Life Sciences Engineering / Life Sciences
Engineering
Lighting Design / Lichtgestaltung, Lichtdesign
Lightweight Engineering / Leichtbau
Linguistic Engineering / Sprachtechnologien
Linguistics / Linguistik, Sprachwissenschaft
Literary History, Modern German /
Neuere deutsche Literaturwissenschaft
Literary Studies / Literaturwissenschaft
Literary Translating / Literaturbersetzen
Literature and Cultural Studies (applied) /
Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft
(angewandte)
Lithography / Lithograe
Logics and Theory of Science / Logik und
Wissenschaftstheorie
Logistics / Logistik
Logopaedics / Logopdie, Lehr- und
Forschungslogopdie
M
Make-Up Art / Maskenbild
Management / Management, Wirtschaft
Marine Geosciences / Marine
Geowissenschaften
Marine Microbiology / Marine
Mikrobiologie
Maritime Technology / Maritime
Technologien
Maritime Trafc / Seeverkehr
Maritime Trafc and Port Management /
Seeverkehrs- und Hafenwirtschaft
Market and Communication Research /
Markt- und Kommunikationsforschung
Marketing / Marketing
Material and Product Design /
Material- und Produktdesign
Material Technology / Materialtechnik
(angewandte)
Materials and Surface Engineering /
Werkstoff- und Oberchentechnik
Materials Engineering / Werkstofftechnik
Materials Engineering Glass and Ceramics / Werkstofftechnik Glas und Keramik
Materials Science / Materialwissenschaft,
Werkstoffwissenschaften
Mathematical Financial Economics /
Mathematische Finanzkonomie
Mathematics (applied) / Mathematik
(angewandte)
Mechanical Engineering / Maschinenbau,
Maschinenwesen, Maschinentechnik
Mechanical Engineering Aerospace
Engineering / Maschinenbau Luft- und
Raumfahrttechnik
Mechanical Engineering Applied
Mechanics / Maschinenbau Angewandte
Mechanik
Mechanical Engineering Computer-aided

Engineering / Maschinenbau Computer
Aided Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Design Techniques / Maschinenbau Konstruktionstechnik
Mechanical Engineering Development
and Design / Maschinenbau Entwicklung und Konstruktion
Mechanical Engineering Energy Engineering / Maschinenbau Energietechnik
Mechanical Engineering Facilities Engineering / Maschinenbau Technische
Gebudeausrstung
Mechanical Engineering Product
Development and Technical Planning /
Maschinenbau Produktentwicklung und
Technische Planung
Mechanical Engineering Production
Engineering / Maschinenbau Produktionstechnik, Fertigungstechnik
Mechanical Engineering Renewable
Energies / Maschinenbau Erneuerbare
Energien
Mechanical Engineering Technical
Design / Maschinenbau Technisches
Design
Mechanical Engineering Textile and
Clothing Technology / Maschinenbau
Textil- und Konfektionstechnik
Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics / Maschinenbau und Mechatronik
Mechanical Engineering and Plant Engineering / Maschinen- und Anlagenbau
Mechanical Engineering and Process
Engineering / Maschinenbau und Prozesstechnik, Verfahrenstechnik
Mechanical Engineering with Applied
Computer Science / Maschinenbau mit
angewandter Informatik
Mechanical Engineering with Computer
Science / Maschinenbauinformatik
Mechanical Systems Production and

Quality Management / Maschinentechnik
Produktions- und Qualittsmanagement
Mechanical Systems Quality and Environmental Management / Maschinentechnik Qualitts- und Umweltmanagement
Mechanics (applied) / Mechanik
(angewandte)
Mechatronics (applied) / Mechatronik
(angewandte)
Media Art / Medienkunst
Media Computing, Media Information
Systems / Medieninformatik
Media Consulting, Media Consultancy /
Medienberatung
Media Culture / Medienkultur
Media Design / Mediendesign, Mediengestaltung
Media Economics/Management (applied) /
Medienwirtschaft (angewandte)
Media Education / Medienpdagogik
Media Engineering / Medientechnik
Media Management / Medienmanagement
Media Production / Medienproduktion
Media Publishing / Mediapublishing
Media Research, Applied Media / Medienforschung, Medienpraxis
Media Studies (applied) / Medienwissenschaft (angewandte)
Media, audio-visual / Audiovisuelle
Medien
Medical and Biotechnical Engineering /
Medizintechnik und Biotechnisches
Ingenieurwesen
Medical and Nursing Education / Medizinund Pegepdagogik
Medical Biology / Medizinische Biologie
Medical Biometry, Biostatistics /
Medizinische Biometrie, Biostatistik
Medical Computer Science and Biomedical
Engineering / Medizininformatik und
Biomedizintechnik
Medical Documentation and Computing /

Medizinische Dokumentation und Informatik
Medical Economics / Medizinkonomie
Medical Engineering / Mediziningenieurwesen, Medizintechnik
Medical History / Medizingeschichte
Medical Informatics, Medical Information
Systems / Medizininformatik
Medical Management / Medizin-Management
Medical Physics / Medizinische Physik
Medicinal Chemistry / Medicinal
Chemistry
Medicine / Medizin
Medieval Studies / Mittelalterstudien,
Medivistik
Metallurgy / Metallurgie
Metals Technology / Metalltechnik
Meteorology / Meteorologie
Metropolitan Studies / Metropolitan
Studies
Micro and Optical Systems Engineering /
Mikro- und Opto-Systemtechnik
Microbiology / Mikrobiologie
Microelectronics / Mikroelektronik
Microengineering and Medical Engineering / Mikrotechnik und Medizintechnik
Microengineering and Nanoengineering /
Mikro- und Nanotechnik
Microstructures and Nanostructures /
Mikro- und Nanostrukturen
Microsystems Engineering /
Mikrosystemtechnik
Microtechnology / Mikrotechnologie
Microwave Engineering / Mikrowellentechnik
Mime / Pantomime
Mine Surveying Geodesics /
Markscheidewesen und Geodsie
Mineral Resources Engineering / Rohstoffingenieurwesen
Mineralogy / Mineralogie
Mining Engineering / Bergtechnik
Modern China / Modernes China
Modern Japan / Modernes Japan
Molecular Bioengineering/Biotechnology /
Molekulare Biotechnologie
Molecular Biology / Molekulare Biologie
Molecular Life Sciences / Molekulare
Lebenswissenschaften
Mongol Studies / Mongolistik
Multimedia / Multimedia
Multimedia Engineering / Multimediatechnik
Multimedia, Virtual Reality / Multimedia
und Virtuelle Realitt
Museum Studies, Museology / Museumskunde, Museologie
Music / Musik
Music Business / Musikbusiness
Music Instrument Making / Musikinstrumentenbau
Music Theatre / Musiktheater
Music Theory / Musiktheorie
Music Therapy / Musiktherapie
Music, ancient / Musik, alte
Musical / Musical
Musical Education / Musikerziehung,
Musikpdagogik
Musicology / Musikwissenschaft
N
Nanostructure Engineering /
Nanostrukturtechnik
Nanostructure Sciences / Nanostrukturwissenschaft
Natural Sciences, applied / Naturwissenschaften, angewandte
Nature Conservation / Naturschutz
Nautical Science / Nautik
Neo-Greek Studies, Modern Greek

Studies / Neogrzistik
Network Computing / Network Computing
Neurobiology / Neurobiologie
Neurosciences / Neurowissenschaften
New Testament / Neues Testament
North American Studies / Nordamerikastudien
Nuclear Applications, Nuclear Engineering, Nucleonics / Kerntechnik
Nursing / Pege
Nursing Care Management / Pegemanagement
Nursing Education / Pegepdagogik
Nursing Studies / Pegewissenschaft
Nutritional and Domestic Science /
Ernhrungs- und Haushaltswissenschaft
Nutritional Science / Ernhrungswissenschaft
O
Oceanography / Ozeanographie
Old Testament / Altes Testament
Online Journalism / Online-Journalismus
Onomastics (Study of the History of Proper
Names) / Onomastik (Namenkunde)
Opera / Oper
Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic Optics/Dispensing / Augenoptik, Optometrie
Optical and Laser Engineering /
Opto- und Lasertechnik
Optical Engineering and Image Processing / Optotechnik und Bildverarbeitung
Optics and Microwave Engineering /
Opto- und Mikrowellentechnik
Optoelectronics, Optical Electronics /
Optoelektronik
Optoengineering, Optical Engineering /
Optotechnik
Optometry / Vision Science / Optometrie /

Vision Science
Organic Food Chain Management /
Organic Food Chain Management
Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Engineering/Equipment/Technology /
Orthopdie- und Rehatechnik
P
Packaging Design and Marketing /
Verpackungsdesign und Marketing
Packaging Technology / Verpackungstechnik
Painting / Malerei
Paleoanthropology / Paloanthropologie
Paper Technology / Papiertechnologie
Papyrology / Papyrologie
Patent Engineering / Patentingenieurwesen
Patholinguistics / Patholinguistik
Peace and Conict Studies / Friedens- und
Koniktforschung
Peace Research and International
Politics / Friedensforschung und Internationale Politik
Persian Studies / Iranistik, Irankunde
Personnel Management / Personalmanagement
Petroleum Engineering / Erdl-, Erdgastechnik
Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering / Pharma- und Chemietechnik
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology /
Pharmazeutische Biotechnologie
Pharmaceutical Chemistry /
Pharmazeutische Chemie
Pharmaceutical Engineering /
Pharmatechnik
Pharmacy / Pharmazie
Philology, Classical / Klassische Philologie
Philology, Dutch / Niederlndische

Philologie, Niederlandistik
Philology, Early German / ltere deutsche
Philologie
Philology, Eastern Slavic / Ostslavische
Philologie, Ostslavisch
Philology, French / Franzsische
Philologie, Franzsisch
Philology, Friesian / Friesische Philologie
Philology, Gallo-Romance / Galloromanische Philologie, Galloromanistik
Philology, German / Deutsche Philologie,
Germanistik
Philology, Islamic, Islamic Science /
Islamische Philologie, Islamkunde
Philology, Italian, Italian Studies /
Italienische Philologie, Italianistik
Philology, Modern German / Neuere
deutsche Philologie
Philology, Nordic / Nordische Philologie
Philology, Oriental (Oriental Studies) /
Orientalische Philologie, Orientalistik
Philology, Persian / Indoiranische Philologie
Philology, Polish / Polnische Philologie,
Polonistik
Philology, Portuguese / Portugiesische
Philologie
Philology, Romance; Romance Studies /
Romanische Philologie, Romanistik
Philology, Russian; Russian Studies /
Russische Philologie, Russistik
Philology, Semitic; Semitic Studies /
Semitische Philologie, Semitistik
Philology, Slavic; Slavic Studies / Slavische
Philologie, Slavistik
Philology, Southern Slavic; Southern Slavic
Studies / Sdslavische Philologie Sdslavistik
Philology, Spanish; Hispanic Studies /
Spanische Philologie, Hispanistik
Philology, Western Slavic; Western Slavic

Studies / Westslavische Philologie, Westslavistik
Philosophy / Philosophie
Philosophy & Economics/Business /
Philosophie und Wirtschaft
Philosophy of the Natural Sciences /
Philosophie der Naturwissenschaften
Phonetics / Phonetik
Phonetics and Digital Language Processing / Phonetik und Digitale Sprachverarbeitung
Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics /
Photogrammetrie und Geoinformatik
Photography / Fotograe
Photonics / Photonik (Optoelektronik)
Physical Electronics / Physikalische
Elektronik
Physical Engineering / Physikalische
Technik
Physical Geography / Physische Geographie
Physics (applied) / Physik (angewandte)
Physiotherapy / Physiotherapie
Plant and Process Engineering /
Anlagen- und Verfahrenstechnik
Plastics and Elastomer Engineering /
Kunststoff- und Elastomertechnik
Plastics Engineering / Kunststofftechnik
Policy Management, Political Management / Politikmanagement
Political Communication / Politische
Kommunikation
Political Education / Politische Bildung
Political Science of South Asia / Politische
Wissenschaft Sdasiens
Politics, Political Science / Politologie,
Politikwissenschaft
Politics and Economics / Politik und
Wirtschaft
Politics and Law / Politik und Recht
Politics and Organisation / Politik und
Organisation
Politics of East Asia / Politik Ostasiens

Polymer and Colloidal Chemistry /
Polymer- und Kolloidchemie
Polymer Technology / Polymertechnologie
Pop Music / Popularmusik
Portuguese Studies / Lusitanistik
Pre- and Early History / Ur- und Frhgeschichte, Vor- und Frhgeschichte
Precision Engineering / Feinwerktechnik
Precision Mechanical Engineering /
Przisionsmaschinenbau
Preventative, Rehabilitation and Fitness
Sport / Prventions-, Rehabilitations- und
Fitnesssport
Print Media Management / Print-Medienmanagement
Printing Technology / Drucktechnik
Process Engineering / Prozesstechnik,
Verfahrenstechnik
Process Engineering Paper and
Packaging / Verfahrenstechnik Papier
und Verpackung
Process Engineering Wood and Fibre
Materials Engineering / Verfahrenstechnik
Holz- und Faserwerkstofftechnik
Process, Energy and Environmental
Engineering / Prozess-, Energie- und
Umwelttechnik
Procurement and Logistics / Beschaffung
und Logistik
Product Design / Produktdesign,
Produktgestaltung
Product Development /
Produktentwicklung
Production and Automation Engineering /
Produktions- und Automatisierungstechnik
Production Engineering / Produktionstechnik, Fertigungstechnik
Project Management / Projektmanagement
Psychoanalysis / Psychoanalyse
Psychology / Psychologie
Psychology of Excellence in Business and

Education / Psychology of Excellence in
Business and Education
Public Administration / ffentliche
Verwaltung
Public Management/e-Government /
Verwaltungsmanagement/e-Government
Public Administration Police Management / ffentliche Verwaltung Polizeimanagement
Public Law / ffentliches Recht
Public Management & Governance,
Politics and Administrative Sciences /
Politik und Verwaltungswissenschaft
Public Relations / ffentlichkeitsarbeit
Public Services Management / ffentliches
Dienstleistungs-Management
Publishing Media / Verlagsmedien
Puppet Theatre / Figurentheater,
Puppenspielkunst
Q
Quality Engineering / Qualittsingenieurwesen
Quantitative Economics / Quantitative
Wirtschaftswissenschaft
R
Rail and Civil Engineering / Bahn- und
Ingenieurbau
Rail Operations and Infrastructure / Bahnbetrieb und Infrastruktur
Rail Vehicle Engineering/Technology /
Schienenfahrzeugtechnik
Real Estate Management / Immobilienwirtschaft
Recycling / Recycling
Regional and Environmental Planning /

Raum- und Umweltplanung
Regional History / Landesgeschichte
Regional History, Bavarian / Landesgeschichte, bayerische
Regional Planning / Raumplanung
Regional Studies / Regionalwissenschaften
Regional Studies Asia, Africa / Regionalstudien Asien, Afrika
Regional Studies East Asia / Regionalwissenschaften Ostasien
Regional Studies Japan / Regionalwissenschaft Japan
Regional Studies Latin America / Regionalwissenschaften Lateinamerika
Regional Studies North America /
Regionalwissenschaften Nordamerika
Rehabilitation Education / Rehabilitationspdagogik
Rehabilitation Studies/Sciences /
Rehabilitationswissenschaften
Religion, Catholic / Religionslehre,
katholische
Religion, Protestant / Religionslehre,
evangelische
Religious Education / Religionspdagogik
Religious History / Religionsgeschichte
Religious Philosophy / Religionsphilosophie
Religious Studies / Religionswissenschaft,
Theologie
Renewable Energy Engineering, Energy
Systems / Regenerative Energietechnik,
Energiesysteme
Rescue Engineering / Rettungsingenieurwesen
Resources Engineering / Ressourcentechnik
Resources Management / Ressourcenmanagement
Restoration / Restaurierung
Restoration of Buildings / Bausanierung
Rhenish Regional Studies / Rheinische

Landeskunde
Rhetoric / Rhetorik
Rhythmic Education / Rhythmikerziehung
Romance Linguistics / Romanische
Sprachwissenschaft
Romance Literary Studies / Romanische
Literaturwissenschaft
S
Safety/Security Engineering / Sicherheitstechnik
Sales Engineering and Product Management / Vertriebsingenieurwesen
Scandinavian Studies / Skandinavistik
Scenography / Szenograe
School Education / Schulpdagogik
Science Journalism / Wissenschaftsjournalismus
Scriptwriting / Drehbuch
Sculpture / Bildhauerei
Security in Information Technology /
Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik
Sensor Systems Technology / Sensorsystemtechnik
Sensor Technology, Sensor and Control
Systems / Sensortechnik, Sensorik
Service Management / Dienstleistungsmanagement
Ship Engineering / Schiffstechnik
Ship Operation Engineering /
Schiffsbetriebstechnik
Ship Operations / Schiffsbetrieb
Shipbuilding / Schiffbau
Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering /
Schiffbau und maritime Technik
Shoe Engineering / Schuhtechnik
Sign Language Interpreting / Gebrdensprachdolmetschen
Singing / Gesang
Singing Education / Gesangspdagogik

Sinology / Sinologie
Social and Economic History / Sozial- und
Wirtschaftsgeschichte
Social and Health Journalism / Sozial- und
Gesundheitsjournalismus
Social Behavioural Science / Soziale
Verhaltenswissenschaften
Social Economics / Sozialkonomie
Social Economy / Sozialwirtschaft
Social Ethics / Sozialethik
Social Law / Sozialrecht
Social Management / Sozialmanagement
Social Policy / Sozialpolitik
Social Psychology and Social Anthropology / Sozialpsychologie und Sozialanthropologie
Social Sciences / Sozialwissenschaften
Social Security Management / Sozialversicherungsmanagement
Social Theology / Sozialtheologie
Social Work, Social Work and Education /
Sozialarbeit, Sozialpdagogik, Sozialwesen,
Soziale Arbeit
Social Work with the Elderly / Sozialarbeit
mit alten Menschen (Geragogik)
Sociology / Soziologie
Software Engineering / Softwaretechnik
Sound and Image Engineering / Ton- und
Bildtechnik
South Asian Studies / Sdasienstudien
South East Asian Studies / Sdostasienwissenschaften
South Eastern European Studies / Sdosteuropastudien
Special Needs Education / Sonderpdagogik
Special Needs Education, Inclusive Education, Curative Education / Heilpdagogik
Specialist Communication, Technical
Communication / Fachkommunikation
Specialist Interpreting for Courts, Companies and Authorities / Fachdolmetschen

fr Gerichte, Unternehmen und Behrden
Specialist Journalism / Fachjournalistik
Specialist Translating / Fachbersetzen
Speech Science / Sprechwissenschaft
Speech Training / Sprecherziehung
Sport / Sport, Sportwissenschaft
Sport and Technology / Sport und Technik
Sports and Event Management /
Sport- und Veranstaltungsmanagement
Sports Economics / Sportkonomie
Sports Education / Sportpdagogik
Sports Management / Sportmanagement
Sports Medicine / Sportmedizin
Sports Therapy / Sporttherapie
Sports Tourism and Recreation Management / Sporttourismus und Erholungsmanagement
Stage and Set Design / Bhnenbild
Stage Costume Design / Bhnenkostm
Stage Dance / Bhnentanz
Statistics / Statistik
Street Children Education / Straenkinderpdagogik
Structural Engineering / Konstruktiver
Ingenieurbau
Structural Steel and Metal Engineering /
Stahl- und Metallbau
Structural Wood Engineering and Interior
Fitting / Holzbau und Ausbau
Surface and Materials Recycling /
Flchen- und Stoffrecycling
Surveying / Vermessungswesen
Swahili Studies / Swahili-Studien
Systems Engineering / Systemtechnik
Systems Engineering and Engineering
Cybernetics / Systemtechnik und Technische Kybernetik
Systems Science, applied / Systemwissenschaft, angewandte
T
Tax and Economic/Commercial/Company
Law / Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht
Taxation / Steuerwesen
Taxation and Auditing / Steuerlehre und
Wirtschaftsprfung
Technical Biology / Technische Biologie
Technical Business Administration /
Technische Betriebswirtschaftslehre
Technical Computing / Technische
Informatik
Technical Cybernetics / Technische
Kybernetik
Technical Design Engineering /
Konstruktionstechnik
Technical Editing / Technische Redaktion
Technical Environmental Protection /
Technischer Umweltschutz
Technical Management Production
Engineering / Technische Betriebswirtschaft Produktionstechnik
Technical Management Resources /
Technische Betriebswirtschaft Rohstoffe
Technical Orthopaedics / Technische
Orthopdie
Technical Physics / Technische Physik
Technical Polymers/Engineering
Polymers / Technische Polymere
Technological Mathematics /
Technomathematik
Technology Journalism / Technikjournalismus
Technology Management / Technologiemanagement
Technology of Biological Resources /
Technologie biologischer Rohstoffe
Technology of Cosmetics and Detergents /
Technologie der Kosmetika und Waschmittel
Telecommunications (Engineering) /
Telekommunikationstechnik
Telecommunications and Information

Technology / Telekommunikation und
Informationstechnik
Telematics / Telematik
Television Journalism / Fernsehpublizistik
Textile and Clothing Engineering /
Textil- und Bekleidungstechnik
Textile and Clothing Management /
Textil- und Bekleidungsmanagement
Textile and Leather Engineering /
Textil- und Ledertechnik
Textile Design / Textildesign
Textile Engineering / Textiltechnik
Textile Management / Textilmanagement
Textile, Fashion and Costume Design /
Textil-, Mode- und Kostmdesign
Thai Studies / Thaiistik
Theatre and Media Studies / Theater- und
Medienwissenschaft
Theatre Education / Theaterpdagogik
Theatre Engineering / Theatertechnik
Theatre Studies / Theaterwissenschaft
Theology, Catholic / Theologie, katholische
Theology, Islamic / Theologie, islamische
Theology, Old Catholic / Theologie,
altkatholische
Theology, Orthodox / Theologie, orthodoxe
Theology, Protestant / Theologie,
evangelische
Theoretical Physics / Theoretische Physik
Therapy Studies / Therapiewissenschaft
Tibetan studies / Tibetologie
Total Facility Management / Total Facility
Management
Tourism Management / Tourismusmanagement
Tourism-, Event- and Hospitality Management / Tourismus-, Event- und Hospitalitymanagement
Toy and Teaching Aids Design / Spiel- und
Lernmitteldesign
Trafc and Transport / Verkehr und

Transport
Trafc Engineering / Verkehrsingenieurwesen
Translating / bersetzen
Translation in the Field of Information
Technologies / bersetzen im Bereich der
Informationstechnologien
Transport Management / Verkehrswirtschaft
Transportation Design / Transportdesign
Treatment Management, Therapy Management / Therapiemanagement
Tree Surgery / Arboristik
Turkology, Turkish Studies / Turkologie
TV Engineering / Fernsehtechnik
TV Journalism / Fernsehjournalismus
U
Ukrainian Studies / Ukrainistik
Urban and Regional Development /
Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung
Urban Development and Planning /
Stadtplanung und Stadtentwicklung
Urban Geography Human Geography /
Geographie der Grostadt Humangeographie
Utility and Waste Disposal Engineering /
Versorgungs- und Entsorgungstechnik
Utility Engineering / Versorgungstechnik
Utility Management / Versorgungsmanagement
V
Vehicle and Aircraft Engineering /
Fahrzeugtechnik und Flugzeugtechnik
Vehicle Electronics / Fahrzeugelektronik
Vehicle-Interior-Design / FahrzeugInterieur-Design
Veterinary Medicine / Veterinrmedizin,
Tiermedizin
Vietnamese Studies / Vietnamistik
Viniculture/Viticulture/Oenology /
Oenologie, Weinbau
Viniculture/Viticulture/Oenology and
Beverage Technology / Weinbau Getrnketechnologie
Virtual Design / Virtuelles Design
Virtual Reality / Virtuelle Realitt
Visual Communication / Visuelle
Kommunikation
Visual Design / Visuelle Gestaltung
W
Waste Disposal Engineering /
Entsorgungsingenieurwesen
Waste Management / Abfallwirtschaft
Water and Coastal Management / Water
and Coastal Management
Water Management / Wasserwirtschaft
Water: Chemistry, Analysis, Microbiology /
Wasser: Chemie, Analytik, Mikrobiologie
Wine Management / Weinbetriebswirtschaft
Wood and Fibre Materials Engineering /
Holz- und Faserwerkstofftechnik
Wood Design / Holzgestaltung
Wood Engineering / Holzingenieurwesen
Wood Management / Holzwirtschaft
Wood Technology / Holztechnik
Y
Yiddish Culture, Language and Literature /
Jiddische Kultur, Sprache und Literatur
This Alphabetical Index of Degree Courses also uses information from the website:
www.studying-in-germany.de. These data have been kindly made available to the DAAD
by the German Rectors Conference.
Goals, Roles and Programmes of the DAAD

The DAAD is a joint organisation of Germanys higher education institutions and
is responsible for promoting international
academic relations, primarily through
the exchange of students, academics and
researchers. Its programmes are generally
open to all disciplines and all countries
and equally benefit foreigners and Germans.
The DAAD also supports the international
activities of Germanys higher education
institutions by providing a number of
services. These include information and
publication programmes, marketing, consultancy, support and guidance services,
plus an increasing number of institutional
programmes that serve to raise the international profile and worldwide appeal of
Germanys higher education institutions.
And, finally, the DAAD advises the German government on the formation of its
policies in the fields of international cultural relations and academic relations at
European and international level, as well
as on questions of national higher education and development cooperation.
The predecessor to the German Academic
Exchange Service, the Austauschdienst
der Hochschulen, was first established
in 1925 in response to an initiative in academic circles. It was dissolved in 1945 and
newly established in 1950 as a registered
association under private law.
The DAADs full members are on

application the higher education institutions represented in the German Rectors
Conference (Hochschulrektorenkonferenz
HRK) and the student bodies of these
institutions. In April 2008, DAAD membership numbered 229 higher education
institutions and 127 student bodies, with
all the various types of higher education
institutions represented.
Five strategic objectives give the

various DAAD programmes their
long-term orientation:
1. Scholarships for foreigners:

To promote studies and research by
outstanding young foreign students and
academics at German universities and
research institutes.
2. Scholarships for Germans:

To promote young German professionals in their studies and research abroad
(including ERASMUS).
3. Internationalising the higher education institutions:
To raise the appeal of Germanys higher

education institutions (including marketing and funding to raise the international
dimension of German higher education).
4. Supporting German studies and the

German language abroad:
To promote German language and culture

and encourage a knowledge of and interest
in Germany as part of the process of global
cultural exchange.
Goals, Roles and Programmes of the DAAD 231
5. Educational cooperation with developing countries:
To promote higher education development

in developing and reforming countries as
means of supporting their economic and
democratic reform processes.
The DAAD also performs a number of
special responsibilities that aim to encour-
age and fund Europe-wide mobility by students, academics and professionals. The
DAAD is the so-called national agency
for the EU ERASMUS programme and an
information centre for ERASMUS Mundus, Europass, TEMPUS / cooperation
between EU and non-EU countries and the
Bologna process.
Where to find more information

Study and Research Opportunities
Admission
www.study-in.de
Information on the German higher education system and on studying in Germany,
on German research, and on the funding
opportunities offered by the DAAD and
other organisations (search engine), on
learning German, on summer schools and
courses, on language tests, and, of course,
on living in Germany in general.
www.daad.de/admission
Information about admission to studies
at German higher education institutions
for foreign undergraduates, graduates and
doctoral candidates.
www.daad.de/international
-programmes
Detailed information about international bachelor, master and doctoral programmes in Germany.
www.higher-education-compass.de
Information on and links to all higher education institutions in Germany, information on the first and (post)graduate studies
they offer, on doctoral study opportunities
and on the international co-operation
agreements maintained by Germanys
higher education institutions.
www.studienwahl.de
The website of this brochure contains profiles of all degree course subjects offered in
Germany along with a list of higher education institutions offering these programmes
including details on university towns.
www.summerschools.de
Many German universities run summer
schools. Besides courses on German language, the range of programmes is growing in all subject areas.
www.uni-assist.de
uni-assist processes an application for
admission to German higher education
institutions for a fee of 30.00 to 55.00
euros, as long as the higher education
institution in question is a uni-assist cooperation partner.
www.inobis.de
Information on application for admission
to a German higher education institution
for foreigners (German language only).
www.testas.de
TestAS (Test for Academic Studies) is a
central standardised aptitude test for foreign students. Many German universities
include this aptitude test in their admission procedure and add the TestAS result
to their requirements as from 2007 or
2008.
www.anabin.de
Information system on the recognition of
foreign educational certificates and degrees
in Germany (German language only).
www.studienkollegs.de
Preparatory courses (Studienkollegs)
prepare foreign students for the Feststellungsprfung, a test to assess their
Where to find more information 233
suitability for university study (German

language only).
Costs and Funding

www.daad.de/costs
General information on costs for studying
in Germany and up-to-date information on
tuition fees of German universities.
www.funding-guide.de
In addition to providing information on
DAAD scholarships, the DAAD data base
also lists funding opportunities for international students, graduates and postdocs
offered by other organisations. The DAAD
has selected a total of about 100 funding
opportunities offered by more than
60 organisations.
Higher Education System

www.daad.de/deutschland/
hochschulen/00413.de.html
Information on the German higher education system: types of universities, figures,

picture galleries etc.
www.university-ranking.de
The most comprehensive and detailed university ranking in Germany. The DAAD
presents the English version University
Ranking on its website.
General Information on Germany

www.deutschland.de
Official and independent web-based portal
of the Federal Republic of Germany.
www.young-germany.de
Information on career opportunities, innovative developments in research and science and on trends, lifestyle and the everyday life of young people in Germany.
www.facts-about-germany.de
Information on Germany and its people,
on the system of government, on social
life, on the political forces and developments, on the economy, business and
industry and on Germanys cultural diversity.
Entry, Employment, Insurance

www.auswaertiges-amt.de
The website of the Federal Foreign Office
is the first place to look for answers to all
questions about entering Germany.
www.daad.de/deutschland/download
The DAAD offers two detailed information
sheets, one on the Entry and Residence
Provisions and one on the Employment
Provisions relating to foreign students,
academics and researchers.
www.internationale-studierende.de
Practical tips and information for foreign students on topics like how to enter
Germany, on accommodation, health
insurance, tuition fees, matriculation and
registration, residence permits or jobbing.
www.deutsche-sozialversicherung.de
The website explains the five pillars of
the German social insurance system: the
statutory insurance types (illness/health,
accident, unemployment, nursing care
and old age).
Learn German
Contact
www.learn-german.net
Detailed information on schools and institutes offering German language courses,
on online learning methods, on funding
organisations, and an overview of all the
recognised German language tests and
qualifications.
www.daad.de/aaa
Adresses of the International Offices at
German universities. The International
Office (Akademisches Auslandsamt
AAA) is the first point of contact if you
want to study in Germany.
www.testdaf.de
TestDaF is the central, standardised Test
of German as a Foreign Language (Test
fr Deutsch als Fremdsprache) modelled
on the US Test of English as a Foreign
Language (TOEFL).
www.goethe.de
The Goethe Institute with its 147 institutes
worldwide is responsible for teaching and
spreading knowledge about German language and culture.
www.daad.de/offices
Addresses and links to all worldwide
DAAD branch offices and information
centres.
www.daad.de/dany
The DAAD virtual advisor answers questions about studying in Germany at once
and 24 hours a day. And he shows you
where to find more helpful information.
www.goethe.de
(see above)
www.auswaertiges-amt.de
(see above)

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Degree Courses

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

Degree Courses at German Universities

1 Agriculture and Forest Science

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

Degree Courses at German Universities

Ship Engineering, Nautical and Marine Engineering/Technology

3 Languages, Humanities, Cultural Studies, Art and Design

4 Law and Economics/Business Administration

5 Mathematics, Natural Sciences

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

6 Medical and Public Health Services

Higher Education Institutions in Germany

Alphabetical Index of Degree Courses

Goals, Roles and Programmes of the DAAD

Where to find more information

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

Degree Courses at German Universities

Welcome to the world of German higher

sciences, medicine, law, economics and

German Fachhochschulen or sometimes just Hochschulen, abbreviated

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

Colleges of art, film and music offer

degree courses in artistic and musical

An English-German index of common

More than 100 German higher education

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

Degree Courses at German Universities

skills may be required before the studies

Various German abbreviations have not

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

AKAD Fachhochschule (AKAD University of Applied Sciences)

Degree Courses at German Universities

Fernuniversitt (Distance Studies University)

Hochschule fr Film und Fernsehen (College of Film and

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

Degree Courses at German Universities

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

Rheinische Fachhochschule Kln (Technical University of Applied

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

Degree Courses at German Universities

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

Degree Courses at German Universities 15

Agriculture and Forest Science

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

Degree Courses at German Universities

Study Field Outline

before they can be accepted. Aspiring agricultural engineers are recommended to

Students are not generally required to

Studies: Students initially take modules to

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!

Agriculture and Forest Science 17

agricultural engineering and machinery,

Programmes in this field

Some universities divide the Bachelors

Studies at Universities of Applied

animal production, organic farming,

Majors to be chosen in viniculture and

Programmes in this field

Agriculture, agricultural management,

courses plus applied fields of specialisation to be chosen from plant and

Degree Courses at German Universities

Forestry, Forest Management