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Alimentary canal
Associated organs
o Tongue
o Teeth
o Salivary glands
o Pancreas
o Liver
o Gallbladder
ORAL CAVITY
Consists of:
1. Mouth
2. Tongue
3. Teeth
4. Supporting structures(periodontium)
5. Major and Minor salivary glands
6. Tonsils
ALIMENTARY CANAL
Bolus
Absorption
3.
Alimentary mucosa
4 Functions
1. Secretion - secretes digestive enzymes, HCL,
mucin and antibodies.
2.
3.
4.
4 Types of Tonsils
1. Palatine Tonsil (tonsil) located at either side
of entrance of oropharynx.
2.
3.
4.
Anterior 2/3
Posterior 1/3 via V-shaped; sulcus terminalis
4 types of papillae
Consists of:
1. Masticatory mucosa - found ion gums and hard
palate.
Has 3 layers:
o Stratum basale single layer
of cells rest at basal lamina.
o Stratum spinosum thick
o Stratum superficiale- most
superficial layer.
Submucosa underlies lining mucosa except on
the inferior surface of tongue.
3.
1.
2.
3.
8 12 papillae
4.
Taste Buds
3.
1.
-
Taste
-
2.
-
3.
2.
-
Taste sensation
Carried by chorda tympani, branch of facial nerve
(Cranial Nerve VII), glossopharyngeal nerve (CN
IX) and Vagus nerve (CN X).
3.
-
Motor innervations
Musculature of tongue supplied by hypoglossal
nerve (Cranial nerve XII).
4.
2.
-
General sensation
anterior 2/3 of tongue is carried in manidbular
division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)
posterior 1/3 (sulcus terminalis) is carried by
glossopharyngeal nerve (Cranial nerve IX) and
Vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X).
Lateral incisor
Caninte tooth
2 Molar teeth
First age of 6
Layers of Teeth
1. Enamel
Hardest, thin, translucent layer of acellular
mineralized tissue that covers crown of tooth.
Consists of 96 98% Calcium hydroxyapatite.
2.
-
Dentin
Most abundant dental tissue
Lies deep to enamel in the crown and cementum
of root.
3.
-
Cementum
Thin, pale-yellowish layer layer of bone like
calcified tissue covering the dentin of the root of
the teeth.
Softer and more permeable than dentin and
easily removed by abrasion.
Major glands:
1.
-
Parotid gland
Located subcutaneously, below and in front of
the ear between ramus of mandible and styloid
process of temporal bone.
Cells of Acini:
1. Serous cells (protein secreting)
Pyramidal shape, wide basal surface facing basal
lamina and small apical surface at lumen.
Have many RER, free ribosome, golgi apparatus
and spherical secretory granules called Zymogen
granules.
2.
-
3.
SALIVARY GLANDS
3 type of Acini:
1. Serous acini only serous cells and spherical
2. Mucous acini only mucin and are tubular
3. Mixed contains both; mucuous acini with a cap
of serous cells.
Serous demilunes
2.
-
Submandibular gland
Located under the floor of the mouth.
3.
-
Sublingual gland
Located in the floor of the mouth anterior to the
submundibular gland.
serous caps
Artifacts of the traditional fixation method
SALIVARY DUCTS
3 sequential segments:
1.
-
2.
-
Saliva
-
Functions of Saliva:
1. Moistening oral mucosa
2. Moistening dry foods to aid swallowing
3. Providing a medium for dissolved and suspended
food materials that chemically stimulate taste
buds
4. Buffering the contents of the oral cavity
5. Digesting carbohydrates with digestive enzyme
alpha-amylase
6. Controlling bacterial flora of the oral cavity by the
lysozyme for staphylococci.