LEACTURE NAME

ELECTICAL MACHINE DESIGN

THE MODEL OF DC. MOTOR TYPES AND DYNAMIC EQUATION OF

SEPARATELY EXCITED MOTOR

STUDENT NAME
Dilovan Muhsin Haji

 Objective:
Understanding the characteristics and principles of electrical DC motor.

Introduction:
A DC motor relies on the fact that like magnet poles repel and unlike magnetic
poles attract each other. A coil of wire with a current running through it generates
an electromagnetic field aligned with the center of the coil. And they have many
types, in the following diagram we can summarize them:

 Separately Excited DC Motor

As the name suggests, in case of a separately excited DC motor the supply is given
separately to the field and armature windings. The main distinguishing fact in these
types of dc motor is that, the armature current does not flow through the field
windings, as the field winding is energized from a separate external source of dc
current as shown in the figure below:

Permanent Magnet DC Motor

The permanent magnet DC motor consists of an armature winding as in case of an
usual motor, but does not necessarily contain the field windings. The construction
of these types of DC motor are such that, radially magnetized permanent magnets
are mounted on the inner periphery of the stator core to produce the field flux.

 Self Excited DC Motor

In case of self excited dc motor, the field winding is connected either in series or in
parallel or partly in series, partly in parallel to the armature winding, and on this
basis its further classified as: Shunt wound DC motor.
Series wound DC motor.
Compound wound DC motor.
Shunt Wound DC Motor
in case of a shunt wound dc motor or more specifically shunt wound self excited dc
motor, the field windings are exposed to the entire terminal voltage as they are
connected in parallel to the armature winding as shown in the figure below.

Series Wound DC Motor

In case of a series wound self excited dc motor or simply series wound dc motor,
the entire armature current flows through the field winding as its connected in
series to the armature winding. The series wound self excited dc motor is
diagrammatically represented below for clear understanding:

 Compound Wound DC Motor

The compound excitation characteristic in a dc motor can be obtained by
combining the operational characteristic of both the shunt and series excited dc
motor. The compound wound self excited dc motor or simplycompound wound dc
motor essentially contains the field winding connected both in series and in parallel
to the armature winding as shown in the figure below:

 Cumulative Compound DC Motor

When the shunt field flux assists the main field flux, produced by the main field
connected in series to the armature winding then its called cumulative compound
dc motor.

Differential Compound DC Motor

In case of a differentially compounded self excited dc motor i.e. differential
compound dc motor, the arrangement of shunt and series winding is such that the
field flux produced by the shunt field winding diminishes the effect of flux by the
main series field winding.

Short Shunt DC Motor

If the shunt field winding is only parallel to the armature winding and not the series
field winding then its known as short shunt dc motor or more specifically short
shunt type compound wound dc motor.
Long Shunt DC Motor
If the shunt field winding is parallel to both the armature winding and the series
field winding then its known as long shunt type compounded wound dc motor or
simply long shunt dc motor.

 Dynamic Model of Separately Excited motor :

(1)

. ( 2 )

. ( 3 )

. ( 4 )

. ( 5 )

. ( 6 )

Where:

r: motor output speed.

Va: applied voltage

Ia: motor current.

Vf: field voltage.

Eb: induced back emf voltage.

if: field current .

La: armature winding inductance.

Rf: field resistance.

Ra: armature resistance.

Lf: field winding inductance.

Te: motor output torque.

J: inertia.

.By solving equations ( 1,2,3,4,5,6 ) for ( dia / dt , dif / dt and dw/dt ) yields .

dif / dt = 1/Lf ( Vf if Rf )

. ( 7 )

dia / dt = 1/La ( Va iaRa Eb )

. ( 8 )

Eb = Kv if wr

. ( 9 )

dw / dt = 1/J ( Te TL )

. ( 10 )

Te = Kv if ia

. ( 11 )

Simulink Model of Separately Excited motor :

According to equation ( 7,8,9,10 and 11) we craeted bellow simulink by using Matlab .

Where the DC motor subsystem is equal to the following:

Inductance of the armature L = 0,1H, resistance of the armature R = 2 W, voltage

U = 110 V, load torque mz = 0,02 Nm, moment of inertia J = 0,1 kg/m2 and
electro-mechanical constant of the motor k = 0,3 Vs. Create it as separate block
(subsystem) with one input (voltage) and two outputs (angular velocity and
current).
The output of the angular Velocity and Current are shown bellow:

Current fo the output

Angular Velocity of the output