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Response to Support Motion

1. Support Displacement
k(y-x)

m
kk

       0

    
similar to forced vibration

It is more common to represent support motion in terms of

support acceleration.

2. Support Acceleration

x and y are absolute coordinates

based on a fixed reference
system
  
  

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Free Body Diagram

FS FD FI

FS = force on spring, based on relative displacement

=   
FD = force on damper, based on relative velocity
= c   
FI = Inertia force, based on absolute acceleration
=  

Dynamic Equilibrium:

      0

            0
Define  coordinate based on fixed support i.e., relative
coordinate
Note:      or     
also     
Hence:

    c    0
or

      


(1)

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The system can be thought of as:


  
  

FIXED

  

TRANSMISSIBILITY
One special case of base excitation is that of harmonic
support displacement. How much of the support motion is
transmitted to the mass?
X
y

(due to Harmonic Excitation)


If   
!"
Response: from equation (1),

            0

     

 
    
!"
   0

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Simplify:

(2)

      
sin
  &

where: 
 
 '  
 '  
 1  2*+'
,"& 


-.
/

 2*+

*


.
.

The steady state solution of equation (2) is:

 

01
2

 6789:
345.

(2a)

;9< = = 7'<>=

'@>

where:  ,"9; ;9@=

Substitute 
:
A6
B1

;7'@>=
;9@= = 7'@>=

sin
  *  

(3)

Equation (3) is the expression for the relative transmission

of the support motion to the oscillator. This is important in
vibration isolation.
Definition
Degree of relative isolation = Transmissibility, Tr
- This is the ratio of the amplitude of the oscillator to
the amplitude of the support motion.

CD 

E
F1

;7'@>=
;9@= = 7'@>=

(4)

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Plot of Tr vs
Note: =
Damping ratio

Frequency Ratio: =
Transmissibility vs. frequency ratio for vibration isolation

Note: All curves pass through the same point at  2

Damping tends to reduce the effectiveness of
vibration isolation for H 2

In terms of relative motion, the response,   is

u
m

=
FIXED
x(t) = x0sin
t

  
subs.      in Eq (2a)

'



sin
  

 
1  * ' ' 2*+'

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or:

V6
B1

T
'
!"T
  U

1  * ' ' 2*+'



< = WXYZ69[

;9< = = 7'<\=

Maximum Relative Displacement = ]

^



*'
1  * ' ' 2*+'

Example: The frame shown is subjected to a sinusoidal

ground motion   0.2 !"5.3 . Determine:
a. Transmissibility of motion to girder
W = 15k
b. Maximum shearing force in columns
c. Maximum stress in columns
15

W8X20

  0.2 !"5.3

Solution
Determine , c
3de
2
 2136 ij/!"
fg








c/l

2136
 7.41 p,q/ r
15000/386


5.3

 0.715
7.41

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a) CD 

;7'@>=
;9@= = 7'@>=

 2.1

(Absolute)

b) Determine maximum relative displacement

^
'

 0.206


1  ' ' 2'

Max. shear in column = ; ^ 

';gu
'

0.206  220 ij

U
V

c) Max. moment
v  wf  220 15 x 12  39,600 !"ij

 M/S

Force transmitted to the foundation (support)

F(t) = F0sinT
t
F0
y

DEM:
      

!"

Steady State Response
  ~ !"
  
where ~ 

AT

1 //
;9@= = 7'@>=
'@>

,"  ;9@=

FT

The force transmitted to the foundation,  due   and 

 t  k yt and    t
Since these two forces are 90 degrees out of phase with each other, it is

evident that the amplitude of the total base reaction force is given by

,B t'  ,B t'

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  ~  '   '
 ' sin
  &  
where &  ,"9; 2*+

Define: CD pr  Transmissibility of force

- ratio of amplitude of force transmitted to the
support to the amplitude of applied force, i.e., / F0

CD pr 

1

;7'@>=
;9@= = 7'@>=

From previous results: CD pr  CD ! i,r
r" 

Where:

= maximum acceleration transmitted to the oscillator

= maximum acceleration of the support (ground)
= maximum displacement transmitted to the oscillator
= maximum displacement of the support (ground)

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Seismic Instruments (Principle of Seismographs)

Objective: To measure vibration of support (displacement
or acceleration)

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