IGSCE Accounting SoW Working Committee

Head Coordinator - Hjh Harita binti Hj Hassan Sekolah Menengah Sayyidina Abu Bakar, Lambak
Members - Marhani binti Haji Mohd Lot Sekolah Menengah Sayyidina Abu Bakar, Lambak
- Hajah Rozita binti Hj Ismail Sekolah Tinggi Perempuan Raja Isteri

- Leziana binti Abdullah Maktab Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 1

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
Unit 1 – Introduction to Book Keeping
Glossary : Book keeping, Accounting, Transaction, Accounting period, Assets, Liabilities, Revenues, Expenses,
Owners Equity, proprietorship, Partnerships, Limited Companies, Going Concern, Monetary Concept,
Consistency Concept, Objectivity Concept, Historical Cost, Accounting Period, Conservatism Concept,
Accounting Entity Concept, Accrual Concept, Dual Concept, Ledger
TIME
SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
FRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
E

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 2

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 Students should be able to:
4 would be the most
 state the purpose of
WEEK
book-keeping and
S
accounting.
 explain the difference
between book-keeping
and accounting.
 explain what a
transaction is.
 describe the 3 types
of business.
 describe the
accounting process.
 use Ledger rules for
accounts to record
transactions.
 explain the purpose
of the accounting
period.
 accounting Equation
effect of transaction.
 apply accounting
principles.
 discuss the
accounting policies
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 Role of Accounting  Which type of business
 Difference between
common? Why?
book-keeping and
accounting  Analyse the reasons
 Nature of business why specific types of
businesses choose
transactions
particular business form.
 Purpose of book-
 Compare and contrast
keeping and accounting the advantages and
 Purpose of disadvantages of each
accounting period type of business unit.
 The accounting  Discuss the role of
process accounting information in
making financial
 Ledger Rules; Assets, decisions.
Liabilities, Revenues,
 Go to the nearest mini-
Expenses and Owners mart and list all assets
Equity. that can be and measured
 Fundamental in terms of money.
Concepts and accounting.  Provide case study
 Compare and where students are able
contrast the differences to:
of accounting cycle or • State the date of the
accounting process in the Balance Sheet.
computerized and • Total Assets, Total
manual system. liabilities and owners’
equity.
 Objectives of
accounting policies. • The type of liability in
the business.
• What’s makeup the
owners’ equity of the
business.
• Describe the 3 types of
business organization
through Role Play; the
students are to identify
the characteristics of
 www.acra.gov.sg/ge
neral/directory.html
 (for actual examples
representing each
type of business
unit)
 http://www.jnj.com
 http://info.sgx.com/w
ebcorpinfo.inf
 ( Gives the latest
information of
annual reports of
Johnson and Johnson
Corporation)
 http://www.swcolleg
e.com/vircomm/gita/
gitall.html
 (learn more about
the expanded
accounting equation)
 http://www.accpac.c
om
 (To know the
different kinds of
business
management
software e.g.
QuickBooks
accounting software,
UBS etc )
 http://www.solomom
.com
 (e-business software
for small to medium
3
 the 3 types of business sized organisation)
organizations.

Unit 2– Ledger and Balancing of Accounts

Glossary : Ledger, Purchases (Creditors) Ledger, Sales (Debtors) Ledger, General Ledger, Debit Balance, Credit
Balance
TIME
SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
FRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
E
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 4
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 4 Students should be able  The Ledger :  Teacher draws the
WEEK to : ledger and explains its  http://www.bized.ac.
• Rules of Ledger
S  explain the purpose functions for each type uk/learn/business/ac
Entries.
of the ledger. of accounts. counting/busaccount
• Types of Accounts. s/pizza/stusxfve.htm
 explain the reasons  Teacher explains the
for maintaining Balancing / Closing rules of entries for each
separate ledgers. Accounts. type of accounts and
 analyse transactions asks the students orally
and post relevant and written to prove
details to appropriate their understanding.
accounts in the ledgers.  Teacher explains the
 balance ledger ways of balancing and
accounts. closing all the accounts
 interpret the details in the ledger and proves
and the balances in the the students’
accounts. understanding and
 record transactions knowledge by solving
related to drawings of the problems of
stock, cash or other balancing accounts on
assets the board.

Unit 3– Source Documents and Books of Prime Entry

Glossary : Source Documents, Till Slips, An invoice, Cheque counterfoil, Sales invoice, Vouchers, Purchase invoice,
Debit note, Credit note, Cheque, Receipt, Statement of account, Bank statement, Journals, Ledger,
General Journal, General Ledger, Purchases Journal, Sales Ledger/Debtors Ledger, Returns Outwards
Journal , Purchases Ledger/Creditors Ledger, Sales Journal, Returns Inwards Journal, Trade Discount,
Cash Discount , Petty Cash, The Cash Book, Balance, Bank overdraft, Two column cash book, Three
column cash book, Cash discount, Contra entries, Discount allowed, Discount received, Petty Cash Book

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 5

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 TIME
SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
FRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
E
5 SOURCE DOCUMENTS
WEEK Students should be able  Objectivity concept  Ask students to identify  http://www.bized.ac.
S to:- source documents used
 Definition of source uk/learn/business/ac
 explain what are source documents. in a particular/ given counting/busaccount
documents and their  Features of source transactions. s/pizza/stuone.htm
importance. documents.  Exercises on matching
 name and state the use  Importance of source transactions to
of an invoice, credit documents. documents.
note, debit note,  Types and uses of  Ask the students to list
cheque, cheque source documents. the source of
counterfoil, till slips, (Invoice, Credit note, documents that a sole
vouchers, receipt, bank Debit note, Cheque, trader can use for his
statement and Cheques counterfoil, Till business.
statement of accounts. Slips, vouchers, Receipt,  Introduce students to
 determine which Bank Statement and the actual examples of
business document is to Statement of Accounts. used source documents
be used in a particular  Books of original entry taken from different
transaction / situation. or prime entry. businesses. Ask
 Comprehend that the students to name the
information in these documents and their
documents is used in purposes.
the recording of the  Role Play of a simple
business transactions. cash transaction and the
 state the different books subsequent settlement
of original entry. of debt.
 A project for students to
create their own
business documents.
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 6
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
  Role play of simply
credit transactions.

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 7

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 TIME
SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
FRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
E
BOOKS OF PRIME ENTRY

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 8

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 Student should be able to:  Definition of journals.  Recording the
 define and explain the  Role of journal in the information in the
purpose of the journal. accounting process. source documents into
 list the advantages and  Recording transactions different types of
uses of the General from source documents journals.
Journal. into the journals.  Post the transactions in
 differentiate between  The General Journal. the General Journal and
the General Journal and  Advantages of using the the Special Journal to
the specialized journals General Journal. the appropriate
 record transactions in  Uses of the General accounts in the ledgers.
the following journals:- Journal.  List the similarities and
Cash Book, Petty Cash  Recording into the differences between
book, Sales Journal, General Journal. special journals and
Purchases Journal, general journal.
• Trade and cash
Returns Inwards Journal, discount.  Calculate the trade
Returns Outwards discount and cash
• Purchases Journal.
Journal and General discount by giving
• Returns Outwards
Journal and post them to numerical example.
Journal.
ledgers.
• Sales Journal.
 enter those transactions
• Returns Inwards
that cannot be recorded
Journal.
in any special journal in
the General Journal and  Recording transactions
post it to ledger. into Purchases Journal
and Returns Outwards
 write relevant
Journal.
explanatory narrations
for each entry.  Recording transactions
into Sales Journal and
 identify the source of
Returns Inwards Journal.
documents for writing
up the journals.  The Cash Book and
Petty Cash.
 distinguish between a
trade discount and cash  Posting.
discount.  Ledger.
 calculate and record the  Posting from the
trade discount into the General Journal
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 9
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 relevant journal.  Posting from the
Purchases Journal.

TIME
SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
FRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
E

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 10

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
  differentiate between a  Posting from the
General Ledger, a Returns Outwards
Purchases Ledger and Journal.
Sales Ledger.  Posting from the Sales
 post entries from the Journal
journals to the Posting from the Returns
appropriate ledgers. Inwards Journal.

Student should be able to:
 explain Cash Book as
a journal and a ledger.
 list and explain the
purpose of Cash Book.
 distinguish between,
and account for, trade
discount and cash
discount; discount
allowed and discount
received.
 explain contra
transactions.
 state and follow the
procedure of preparing
a Cash Book.
 draw up a Cash Book
following proper rules
and format.
CASH BOOK
 Dual functions of  Discuss and make  http://www.bhl.co.n
Cash Book. clear about: dual z/easybooks/
 Purposes of Cash functions of a cash (Usefulness of Cash
Book. book; purposes of a Book)
Two column cash book. cash book; difference
 Difference between between cash and Microsoft Office
trade discounts and trade discounts; Program, then click
cash discounts. difference between on “Microsoft
 Difference between discount allowed and Money” (Recording
discount allowed and discount received; of monthly receipts
discount received. contra entry and payments)
Three column cash book. transactions
 Contra-entry  Record transactions
transactions in a two column and
 Processing of three column cash
transactions in the book .
Cash Book.  Role play- applied
daily life experience
(money received/
money paid)

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 11

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)

Student should be able to:
 Explain the meaning
of Imprest system
 Determine the
format of a Petty Cash
Book.
 Write up the Petty
Cash Book.
 Post the petty cash
items to the ledger
accounts.
 To differentiate
between the type of
transactions to be
recroded into the Cash
Book and the Petty
Cash Book.
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
PETTY CASH BOOK
 The Imprest System  Simple introduction  http://www.ird.go
 Recording into the on Imprest System vt.nz/yoursituatio
Petty Cash Book for petty cash n-
 Posting from the Petty payments and its bus/running/recor
Cash Book advantages. dkeeping/recordk
 Illustrates the format eeping-
of an analysed petty pettycashbookillu
cash book. stration.html
 Highlight how the
total for each column
is totaled at the end
of the period.
 Shows the posting
from the petty cash
book to the ledger
12
Unit 4 – Bank Reconciliation Statement
Glossary : Bank statement, Bank reconciliation, Unpresented cheque, Uncredited cheque, Bank charges, Cheque
book, Standing order, Dishonoured cheque, Credit transfer, Bank giro transfer, Interest on fixed deposit,
Interest on overdraft, Bank overdraft
TIME
SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
FRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
E
2 Students should be able to:  Bank Statement.  Displays a sample of a  http://teachers.cie.or
WEEK  explain the reasons for  Cash Book. Bank Statement and g.uk/teachers
S the discrepancy  Discrepancies between explains the entries. support/pdf/7110
between Cash Book Cash Book (Bank s03gp 2.pdf
(Bank Column) and Bank Column) and Bank
Statement balances. Statement.

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 13

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 TIME
SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
FRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
E
 explain the need for  Adjust the Cash Book  Allow one student to  http://www.franklenc
Bank Reconciliation. (Bank Column). enter transactions in the omputer.com/check
 review transactions  Bank Reconciliation Cash Book while the writing_more_inform
missing from the Cash Statement starting with partner records them in ation.html
Book (Bank Column) or Cash Book (Bank the Bank Statement.
the Bank Statement by Column) balance. Teacher supplies the  http://www.accaglob
listing:  Bank Reconciliation transactions. al.com/cpdrealise/
• the items in the Cash Statement starting with  Demonstrates a
Book not entered in Bank Statement transaction on  http://accounting10.t
the Bank Statement balance. uncredited deposit and ripod.com/content.ht
• the items in the  Differing opening explains the need for ml
Bank Statement not balances and errors in Bank Reconciliation.
entered in the Cash the Cash Book (Bank  Compare a Bank
 http://www.goggle.c
Book Column) and the Bank Statement with Cash
om
 adjust the Cash Book Statement. Book (Bank Column)
(search for bank
(Bank Column)  Bank overdraft and entries.
reconciliation)
 prepare a Bank Bank Reconciliation  Show the Cash Book
Reconciliation Statement. adjustment.
 http://www.ida.gov.s
Statement starting from  Introduce the terms
g/idaweb/ebusiness
the Cash Book balance uncredited cheques and
 prepare a Bank unpresented cheques.
Reconciliation  Demonstrates how a
Statement starting from Bank Reconciliation
the Bank Statement Statement is prepared.
balance  Explains the transaction
 prepare a Bank that causes the opening
Reconciliation balances in Cash Book
Statement when there is (Bank Column) and Bank
a bank overdraft Statement to differ.
 Explains how to deal
with errors in Cash Book
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 14
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 (Bank Column).
 Explains how an
overdrawn balance
affects the reconciliation
process.
 Role play-Group
students into groups of
bankers, traders,
customers and
suppliers.

Unit 5– Trial Balance

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 15

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
Glossary : Trial Balance, account balance, debit balance, credit balance, errors of omission, errors of commission,
errors of principle, complete reversal of entries, compensating errors, errors of original entry, personal
accounts
TIME
SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
FRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
E
TRIAL BALANCE
Students should be able to:  Determining the  Show how a Trial  www.Accounting10.t
 determine the closing balance of an account Balance is prepared ripod.com
balance of an account  Balancing Assets and at the end of a
 list accounts which are Liabilities Accounts Trading period by  www.Bized.ac.uk
debit and credit in  Trial Balance using a simple
nature.  Purpose of a Trial example using simple
 state the purpose of Balance transactions
preparing a Trial  Limitations of a Trial
2 Balance balance
WEEK
 explain the limitations of
S
the Trial Balance
 recognize that it is a
statement of ledger
balances at a particular
date
 identify and explain
those errors which do
not affect the Trial
Balance

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 16

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 Unit 6– Financial Statements without adjustments
Glossary : Gross Profit, Gross Loss, Net Profit, Net Loss, Cost of Goods Available for Sale, Cost of Goods Sold
(Cost of Sales), Additional cost of purchases, Net purchases, Net Sales, Operating Expenses,
Other Revenue, Fixed Assets, Current Assets, Owner’s Equity (Proprietorship), Long Term
Liabilities, Current Liabilities.
INCOME STATEMENT AND BALANCE SHEET (FINANCIAL STATEMENT)
Students should be able to:  Gross profit.  Revise the closing of
 calculate gross profit. nominal accounts.  www.Askltd.com
 Closing Nominal
 calculate net profit or accounts.  Show the T-format
losses  Preparation of Trading Trading and Profit and  www.Staffs.ac.uk
 draw up a Trading and Account. Loss Account on the
Profit and Loss Account.  Closing stock, Opening board.  www.Bized.ac.uk
3  identify the additional stock.
WEEK cost on purchases.  Additional cost on
S  determine the cost of purchases.
goods sold.  Net profit.
 transfer net profit/loss to  Preparation of Profit
the capital account. and Loss Account.
 close the Drawings  Closing of Nominal
Account. Accounts affecting net
 explain how the closing profit.
stock is valued.  Closing of Drawings
Account.
 Balancing the Capital
Account.
 Net loss.
Transfer of Account
Balances to Final
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 17
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)

Students should be able to:
 classify assets into Fixed
and Current Assets.
 classify liabilities into
Long Term and Current
Liabilities.
 prepare a Balance Sheet
from a Trial Balance.
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
Accounts and Capital
Account.
BALANCE SHEET
 Balance Sheet.  Show the format of  WWW.Askltd.com
 Assets and Liabilities. balance sheet and
 Owner’s Equity. financial postion.  WWW.Staffs.ac.uk
 Preparation of the
Balance Sheet.  WWW.Bized.ac.uk
 Book-keeping
procedure up to the
Balance Sheet.
 Analysis of the Balance
Sheet.
 Balance Sheet
Equation.
18
Unit 7– Balance Day Adjustments
Glossary : Accounting basic concepts, accrued, accruals, accrued expenses, accrued revenue, balance day
adjustments, expenses, revenue, prepayments, revenue prepaid, revenue received in advance,
unearned revenue.
TIME
SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
FRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
E
ACCRUALS AND PREPAYMENTS
2 Students should be able to:  Accounting Principles  Explain the accounting  http://www.howto.co
WEEK  recognise the and Balance Day period concept, .uk/business/bookke
S importance of matching Adjustments. matching and accrual eping-
costs and revenues  Accrued Expenses. concepts books/accruals_and_
 make the ledger entries  Accrued Revenue.  Explanation with prepayments/
for the following  Prepaid Expenses. examples taken from  http://www.bized.co.
balance day  Unearned Revenue or simple transaction uk/learn/accounting/
adjustments: Revenue received in relating to accrued and infosystems/bait/wo
• Accrued Expenses advanced. prepaid expenses and rk05.htm
• Accrued Revenue income.  www.Ventureline.Co
• Prepaid Expenses  Show the simple steps m/Glossary.asp
• Unearned Revenue in recording  http://www.nrbarton
transactions. .co.uk/about/ourserv
ices_bookkeeping08
.html
 www.C21accounting
.com/student/green/
gj_student_text_mat
erials_frame.html

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 19

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
Glossary : Depreciation, Straight Line Method, Reducing Balance Method/ Diminishing Method, Revaluation method,
Provision for Depreciation, Disposal, Gain on Disposal, Loss on Disposal
TIME
FRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
E
DEPRECIATION AND DISPOSAL OF FIXED ASSETS
Students should be able to:
3
WEEK  explain depreciation.
S  state and explain the
causes of depreciation.
 calculate annual
depreciation.
 record depreciation of
fixed assets in the
general ledger.
 record provision for
depreciation.
 adjust depreciation in
Income Statements
 adjust provision for
depreciation in the
Balance Sheet.
 explain disposal.
 calculate Gain or Loss
on Disposal.
 provision for
depreciation amount in
the Disposal a/c.
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
LESSON CONTENTS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
 Causes and Reasons of  What is the relevancy of  http://www.howto.co
Depreciation. matching concept to the .uk/business/bookke
 Methods of depreciation of fixed eping-
Depreciation:- assets? books/depreciation_t
• Straight line  Demonstrate and he_straight_line_met
• Reducing balance explaining the different hod/
• Revaluation methods.
 Recording the  Recording the double  http://www.calcbuild
Depreciation of Fixed entry between Provision er.com/cgi-
Assets. for Depreciation a/c and bin/calcs/AUT2.cgi/a
 Recording Provision for its effect in the Income ol_gigitalcities
Depreciation a/c, its Statement and Balance (A software to help car
effect in the Income Sheet. owners estimates their
Statement and Balance  Demonstrate on the vehicle’s value-try out it
Sheet. board the disposal has a depreciation
 Disposal Account. account and effect on calculator!)
the Fixed assets a/c.
 Fixed Assets a/c.
 Show the gain/loss on  http://www.depreciat
 Gain/ Loss on Disposal =
disposal in relevant ionsoftware.com/feat
Selling Price-Net Book
accounts. ures.html
Value.
( to simplifies the
 Provision for
tedious fixed asst
depreciation on fixed
management process)
asset disposed.
20
  http://en.wikipedia.o
rg/wiki/Depreciation
(more into depreciation)

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 21

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
Glossary : Bad Debts, Credit Sales, Debtors, Bad Debts Written-off, Recovery of Bad Debts, Partial Settlement of
Debtors, Doubtful Debts, Provision for Doubtful Debts.
TIME SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
FRAME LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
BAD DEBTS AND PROVISION FOR DOUBTFUL DEBTS
2 Students should be able to : Bad Debts :  Explains the credit sales,  http://www.howto.co
WEEKS  explain the credit sales.  Bad Debts existence of debtors and .uk/business/bookke
 explain the reasons for  Writing-off Bad Debts bad debts. eping-
incurring bad debts.  Recovery of Bad Debts  Ask students to books/accounting_fo
 explain the difference  Partial Settlement of interview sole traders on r_bad_and_doubtful_
between bad debts and Debtors the effect of credit sales debts/
doubtful debts.  Difference between Bad and bad debts to their
 explain recovery of bad Debts and Doubtful businesses.  http://www.insolvenc
debts and partial Debts  Explains journal and yhelpline.co.uk
settlement of debts. ledger entries for Bad
 prepare journal and Provision for Doubtful Debts written-off,
ledger for writing-off bad Debts : Recovery of Bad Debts  https://secure.mas.g
debts, recovery of bad  Creation, and Partial Settlement of ov.sg/msb/msbQuery
debts and making  Increasing Debtors. .Cfm?
provision for doubtful  Decreasing  Explains the effects of tableset=i&tablena
debts.  When Provision for creation, increasing and me =115&tno=17
 show the effects of bad Doubtful Debts and Bad decreasing of Provision
debts, recovery of bad Debts Accounts exist for Doubtful Debts in
debts and provision for simultaneously Income Statement and
doubtful debts in Income Balance Sheet.
Statement and Balance
Sheet.

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 22

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
Glossary : Stock Valuation, Lower of Cost, Market value, Cost, historical cost principle, Conservatism principle,

TIME SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
FRAME LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
INVENTORY VALUATION
1 Students should be able to :  Importance of Correct  http://tutor2u.net/bu
WEEKS  State the importance of Valuation of inventory siness/presentations/
the correct valuation of  Basis of Valuing of the accounts/stockvaluat
inventory. Closing Stock: “Lower of ion/default.html
 understand the basis of Cost and Market Price”.  http://www.encyclop
inventory valuation at  Effects of Different edia.com/doc/1O18-
the lower of cost and net Figures for stock. inventoryvaluation.h
realisable value.  Simple Inventory tml
 Explain the basis of valuation statements.  http://www.principle
valuing the closing stock sofaccounting.com/c
at the lower of cost or hapter%208.htm
market price.
 prepare simple inventory
valuation statements.

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 23

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
Glossary : Trading concern, non-trading concern, capital expenditure, capital receipts, revenue expenditures, revenue
receipts.

TIME SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
FRAME LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
CAPITAL AND REVENUE EXPENDITURES AND RECEIPTS
1 Student should be able to:  Difference between  Introduce the terms:  http://www.bized.ac.
WEEKS  distinguish and account capital and revenue capital expenditure, uk/stafsup/options/a
for capital and revenue expenditures. revenue expenditure, ccounting/work03.ht
expenditures.  Difference between capital receipts and ml
 distinguish and account capital and revenue revenue receipts.  http://teacher.cie.org
for capital and revenue receipts.  List on the board (in .uk/teacher_support/
receipts.  Capital and revenue table form) the pdf/7110_w03_gp_1.
 list and compare the expenditures of a expenditures and pdf
capital and revenue trading concern and income of a trading
expenditures and non-trading concern. concern and non-trading
receipts of a trading  Capital and revenue concern.
concern and non-trading receipts of trading  Divide the class into 2
concern. concern and non-trading groups, then let them
 calculate and comment concern. contact local shop for 1
on the effect on profit of group and the other
incorrect treatment group to contact a local
 calculate and comment club. Ask the shop and
on the effect on asset the club about their
valuations of incorrect capital and revenue
treatment. expenditures and
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 24
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 receipts. Presentation in
the class will follow.
 Divide students into
groups. Teachers
prepare examples of
capital, revenues and
expenditures on a
manila cards and ask
students to identify
them into their
categories.

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 25

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
Unit 8 – Financial Statements with Adjustments
Glossary : Refer to Unit 5, 7, 8 and 9.
TIME
SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
FRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
E
3 Students should be able to:  The effects and how  Refer to Unit 5, 7, 8 and  Refer to Unit 5, 7, 8
WEEK  explain the these reflect on the 9. and 9.
S difference between a Income Statement and
trading business and a Balance Sheet.
service business • Expenses.
 prepare income • Revenue.
statements (trading and • Prepayments.
profit and loss • Revenue prepaid.
accounts) and balance
• Revenue received in
sheets for trading
advance.
businesses in either
• Unearned revenue.
horizontal or vertical
form • Depreciation of Fixed
Assets.
 prepare income
• Bad Debts and
statements (profit and
Provisions
loss accounts) and
balance sheets for • Drawings of goods
service businesses in
either horizontal or
vertical form
 make adjustments
for provision for
depreciation using the
straight line (equal
instalment), diminishing
(reducing) balance and
revaluation methods
 make adjustments
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 26
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 for accrued and prepaid
expenses and accrued
and prepaid income
 make adjustments
for bad debts and
provisions for doubtful
debts
• make adjustments
for goods taken by
the owner for own
use.

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 27

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
Unit 9 – Manufacturing Accounts
Glossary : Cost of Raw Materials Consumed, Direct Costs, Prime Costs, Factory Overheads/Indirect Cost, Costs Of
Production, Cost of Manufacturing, Work In Progress, Unfinished goods, Stock of Unfinished goods,
Gross Profit on Trading, Market Price of Finished Goods, Finished Goods.
TIME SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
FRAME LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
3 Students should able to :  Manufacturing Account:  Educational visit to
WEEKS  http://www.howto.co
 define the two types of • Costs of Raw manufacturing firm for
.uk/business/bookkeepi
costs : Materials. the students able to
ng-
• Direct Cost (Prime • Direct Costs. understand the Cost of
books/manufacturing_a
Cost) • Prime Costs. Raw Materials, Direct
ccounts/
• Indirect Cost • Indirect Costs. Cost, Indirect Cost and
Cost Of Production.  http://www.howto.co
 prepare the • Work In Progress.
 Assign a project for each .uk/business/bookkeepi
manufacturing account. • Costs of Production.
group in a class to ng-
 give examples of Direct • Market Price. books/compiling_a_ma
Cost and Indirect Cost manufacture simple
• Manufacturing Profit. product and ask the nufacturing_account_st
 compute the Prime Cost ep_by_step/
students to calculate
 calculate the Cost of  Manufacturer’s Trading  http://www.bized.co.
Cost of Raw Materials,
Manufacturing and Profit and Loss uk/learn/accounting/inf
Direct Cost, Indirect Cost
(production) Account : osystems/bait/test05.h
and Cost of Production.
 show the treatment of • Finished Goods. tm
 Provide 1 product and
Work In Progress • Gross Profit on  www.staff.ucsm.ac.u
ask students to identify
 prepare Income manufactured and k/.../Manufacturing
the material used in
Statements to calculate finished goods. %20Introduction
producing it and
gross profit and net %201.ppt
calculate the cost (if
profit of a manufacturing  Manufacturer’s possible).  http://basiccollegeac
business Balance Sheet counting.com/category
 prepare the Balance • Closing Stock On Raw /cost-
Sheet of a Materials. accounting/manufactur
manufacturing business
• Closing Stock on ing-accounts/
 make adjustments to Finished Goods.
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 28
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 financial statements. • Work In Progress at
the end.

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 29

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
Unit 10 – Correction of Errors and Suspense Account
Glossary : Errors of omission, Errors of commission, Errors of principle, Errors of original entry, Compensating
errors, Reversal of entries, Suspense account, Differences in books, Understate, Overstate, Undercast,
Overcast, Undervalue, Overvalue
TIME SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
FRAME LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
Students should be able Do Not Revealed  Demonstrate correction  http://www.howto.co.
3
to:  Correction of errors not of error on the board the uk/business/bookkee
WEEKS
 lists, identify and revealed by a Trial Balance list of transactions, which ping-
analyse errors not thru making journal and do not revealed and books/the_trial_balan
revealed by a Trial ledger entries. revealed by trial balance. ce_errors/
Balance. • Error of omission  Record the errors in the
 identify and correct ledger accounts and  http://www.howto.co.
• Error of commission
errors revealed by a correct each error thru uk/business/bookkee
• Error of principle
Trial Balance with ledger and journal ping-
• Compensating error books/correction_of_
Suspense Account. • Error of original entry entries.
errors/
 make journal and • Error of complete  Introduce and explain
ledger entries reversal the function of a  http://www.gen.com/a
supporting the Revealed: Suspense Account when rchives/gen/1997/ma
correction of errors. a Trial Balance totals are y2b/pg3a.htm
 Creation of Suspense
 post entries to not equal.  http://accounting10.tri
Account when errors
Suspense Account revealed by the Trial  Identify and correct pod.com/slides11.1.p
where necessary. Balance: errors, which affect the pt
 analyze the effects agreement of the Trial  http://www.bized.ac.u
• Wrong casting in the
and correction of Balance totals and how k/stafsup/options/acc
books of original entries.
errors on: they are corrected. ounting/work04.htm
• Incomplete double
• Trial Balance.  Analyze the effects of  http://www.bized.ac.u
entries.
• Profit and Loss errors in Trial Balance k/stafsup/options/acc
• Double entries
Accounts. and draw up the ounting/mod2.t
completed but with
• Balance Sheet. corrected Trial Balance. suspense.htm
different amounts.
 Analyze the effects of  http://teachers.cie.org
• Posting to the same side
errors and also its .uk/teachersupport/p
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 30
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 in both accounts. correction on Gross Profit df/7110 w03 gp2.pdf
 Correction of an error and Net Profit.  http://www.google.co
requiring more than two  Analyze the effects of m (search for book-
entries. errors and also its keeping errors)
 Effects of correction of correction on Balance  http://www.ida.gov.sg
errors on Trial Balance. Sheet. /idaweb/ebusiness
 Effects of correction of  Group work-1st Task-ask
errors on profit. each group to make
 Effects of correction on errors on purpose. Task
Balance Sheet. 2- exchange the task
with different group and
ask them to correct the
errors.

Unit 11 – Control Account

Glossary : Subsidiary Ledger, Control Accounts, Trade receivables Control Account/ Revenue Ledger Control Account,
Total Trade receivables Account, Trade payables Control Account/Raw materials Ledger Control Account,
Transfer (Contra), Minority Balances.
TIME
SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
FRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
E
2 Student should be able to:  Control Account.  Prepare the Trade  http://www.ventureli
WEEK  explain the purpose of  Purposes / Uses of receivables Control ne.com/glossary.asp
S control accounts. Control Account. account and Trade  http://www.bized.co.
 draw up the Trade  Trade receivables payables Control uk/learn/accounting/i
receivables Control Control Account. account from the given nfosystems/bait/mod
Account.  Trade payables Control transactions. 2_w_control.htm
 draw up the Trade Account.  Name the source of
payables Control  Transfers ( Contras ). information for the
account.  Minority Balances in construction of both
 enter the following Control Accounts control accounts.
items into the relevant  Show the uses of the
control account:- credit Control Accounts
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 31
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 Revenue and raw
materials, receipts and
payments, discounts,
returns, bad debts,
dishonoured cheque,
interest on overdue
account, contra entries,
refund, opening and
closing balances on both
sides of the accounts.
 identify and use the
books of prime entry as
sources of information
for the control account
entries.
 explain how the
transfers (contra)
between the Revenue
and raw materials
ledgers are presented in
the control accounts.
 describe how minority
balances arise and how
they affect the control
accounts.

Unit 12 - Incomplete Records

Glossary : Incomplete records, Statement of Affairs, Single Entry, Capital Comparison, Analysis of records, Margin, Mark-up,
Inventory Turnover
TIME
SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
FRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
E

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 32

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 Students should be able to:
3
WEEK  prepare an opening and
S closing statement of
affairs
 calculate profit (before
tax) or net loss from
changes in capital
 calculate Revenue, raw
materials, bank balance
and gross profit from
incomplete information
 apply margin, mark-up
and Inventory turnover
calculations to arrive at
missing figures.
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 Statement of Affairs  Explain the importance  http://toolkit.cch.co
 Calculate Profit or Loss of double entry book- m/text/P06_1350.asp
from Incomplete keeping. (to find out more about
Records  Explain with example:- single and double entry
 Comparison of Capital • The calculation of accounting system)
Method profit using  http://www.accaglob
 Method of Analysis capital al.com/archive/sa_ol
comparison and darticles/11670
method of (mastering the
analysis techniques)
 Organize students into
groups of five to seven.
Try to find some
vendors (school
canteen) who do not
practice the double
entry system of book-
keeping. Try offering the
service and suggest to
the vendor that the
group can help them to
carry out the proper
way to book-keeping
under the double entry
system. List out the
steps to be taken by the
group of student on how
to implement it.
 Divide students into
groups. Give samples of
certain source of
documents or/and some
additional information
about the business.
Then ask them to
33
 calculate the raw
materials, Revenue,
Trade receivables, Trade
payables, expenses,
revenues and assets.

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 34

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
Unit 13 – Accounts of Clubs and Societies
Glossary : Receipts and payments accounts, Bar / Refreshments Trading, Bar / Refreshments profit, income and
expenditure account, surplus, deficit, accumulated fund, subscription account, subscriptions in advance,
subscriptions in arrears.
TIME SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
FRAME LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
3 Student should be able to:  www.bized.co.uk
 Comparison of  Discuss and explain:-
WEEKS  distinguish between Accounting Terms Used • Receipts and
Receipts and Payments by a Business and Those Payments Accounts;
Accounts and Income Used by a Club or • Income and
and Expenditure Society. Expenditure
Accounts.  Receipts and Payments Accounts.
 draw up the Receipts Accounts.  Illustrate the similarities
and Payments Accounts  Income and Expenditure and differences between
 prepare accounts for Accounts. non-trading and
revenue-generating  Refreshments Trading business organizations.
activities e.g. Account.  Calculate Accumulated
Refreshments and  Subscriptions Accounts. fund using simple
Subscriptions Accounts.  Accumulated Fund. examples.
 calculate the  Balance Sheets.  Prepare subscription a/c.
Accumulated Fund.  List the steps in
 prepare the Income and preparing the Financial
Expenditure Accounts statements and balance
and Balance Sheets. sheet of non-trading
concerns.
 Ask students to imagine
themselves owning a
club (e.g badminton
club)-provide info- terms
of subscription, entrance
fee and etc..The club has
a café too.
 Students will be given
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 35
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 documents with info
about the café e.g
regarding the
refreshments. From all
the above info, ask them
to calculate the
refreshment profit.
 Using the same club,
give additional info on
expenses and income to
calculate the
subscription and surplus.

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 36

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
Unit 14 – Limited Companies
Glossary : Authorised, Registered or Nominal Capital, Issued capital, Subscribed capital, Called-up capital, Uncalled
capital, Paid-up capital, Unpaid-up capital, Ordinary shares, Preference shares, Deferred shares,
Debentures, Dividends, Interim dividends, Final dividends, Shareholders fund.
TIME
SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
FRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
E
3 Student should be able to:  Limited Companies and  Describe the features of a  Visit coco cola web
WEEK  describe the features of their Features. limited company. site at:
S a Limited Company.  Classification of Capital.  Compare the above www.Cocoacola.Co
 distinguish between features with other type of m
 Classes of Shares.
business i.e. sole
limited and unlimited  Debentures. Refer to the latest
proprietorship and
liability.  Profit and Loss Account partnership. annual report and
 Understand and of a Limited Company.  Explain the meaning of the ask student to
distinguish between  Dividends. different classification of identify relevant
authorized, called-up, capital. items.
 Balance Sheet of a
paid-up share capital. Limited Company.  Explain the different
 explain the differences classes of shares with  Log on to the
 Comparison of the
between share capital respect to the payment of Registrar of
Capital Structure of the dividends.
(ordinary shares and Companies’ web
Sole Trader, Partnership  Explain the function of
preference shares) and site at:
and Limited Liability Debentures and highlight
loan capital www.rcb.gov.sg
Company. their differences with
(debentures).
shares of a company.
 explain the different  Explain final and interim  http://sbinformation
classes of capital of a dividends and how they are .about.com/cs/owne
limited company calculated for the different rship1/a/LLC.htm
comprising preference shares.
share capital, ordinary  Prepare the format of
share capital, general Appropriation account
reserve and retained showing clearly the
profits. calculation of dividends
 calculate the dividends  Explain shareholders funds
and how they are
paid on shares.
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 37
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
  contrast the capital calculated.
structure of sole • Compare Financial
proprietorships, statements between
partnerships and limited Sole Proprietorship and
Partnership.
companies.
 Group work-Each produce
 prepare the concept map/ flow chart
appropriation account. showing steps in preparing
 calculate the share the final account for both
holders fund. Limited companies and
partnership and make the
comparison.(Teacher will
assess the work done from
each group).

Unit 15 – Partnership
Glossary : Partnership Agreement, Interest on Capital or Drawings, Share of Profit, Current Account, Profit and Loss
Appropriation Account
TIME
SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
FRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
E
3
Students should be able to:  Comparison between  Explain with example:-  www.Tutor2u.net
WEEK
 Contrast a partnership Partnership and Sole • The Profit and Loss
S
with a sole Proprietorship Appropriation  www.Bized.ac.uk
proprietorship. businesses. Account.
 Explain the advantages • The Current Account  www.Accounting10.
 The Advantages and
and disadvantages of of the partner. tripod.com
Disadvantages of
forming a partnership • The Owners’ Equity is
Partnership Businesses.
 Outline the importance presented in the  www.Accaglobal.co
 Partnership Agreement
and contents of a Balance Sheet with m
 Loans from partners
partnership agreement. details of the Current
 Interest on capital
 calculate interest on Accounts OR the
capital and interest on  Partner’s salaries balance brought
drawings  Interest on Drawings forward only.
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 38
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
  draw up the income  Distribution of profits • Compare Financial
statement, profit and  Profit and Loss statements between
Loss Appropriation Appropriation account Sole Proprietorship
Account and balance  Capital and Current and Partnership.
sheet. Accounts of a • Group work-Each
 draw up Capital and Partnership produce concept
Current Account of a  Balance Sheet map/ flow chart
partner. showing steps in
preparing the final
account for both sole
trader and
partnership and
make the
comparison.(Teacher
will assess the work
done from each
group)

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 39

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
Unit 16 – Interpretation and Analysis of Financial Statement
Glossary : Turnover, Interpret, Analyse, Acid-test ratio( quick/liquid ratio), Current ratio, Gross profit margin, Profit
(before tax) margin, Average Inventory, Liquidity, Mark-up, Quick (liquid) assets, Rate of return on capital,
Rate of Inventory turn, Ratio analysis, Working capital, Working capital ratio, Capital employed, Capital
owned.
TIME
SUGGESTED TEACHING SUGGESTED
FRAM SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON-LINE
E

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 40

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 3 Student should be able to:  Importance of
WEEK  understand and interpretation and
S calculate the accounting analysis of Financial
ratios which measures statements and balance
profitability sheet.
 understand and  Calculation of  Show how to calculate
calculate the accounting profitability ratios as
ratios which measures follows:
liquidity • Return on capital
 prepare simple employed (ROCE)  Group students into 3/4.
statements showing • Gross profit as a
inter-firm comparison percentage of
and recognize their Revenue
limitations • Profit (before tax) as
 understand how owners a percentage of
and other interested Revenue
parties use accounting  Calculation of liquidity
statements ratios as follows:
 recognize the limitations • Current ratio
of accounting
• Quick ratio
statements
• Rate of Inventory
 Group work- From case
turnover
• Collection period for
Trade receivables
• Payment period for
Trade payables
 Inter-form Comparison
 Users of Accounting
Statement
 Limitations of
Accounting Statements
IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK
YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 Introduce with the  http://www.office.c
meaning of the words om/global
“interpret” and  (Useful
“analyse” (use of explanations on
dictionary). financial analysis)
 http://www.manage
the different accounting mentsystems.net/b
ratios based on given enefits/benemain.ht
situations. m
 (Accounting
Show a financial software to assist in
statements of a financial analysis)
business, compare its  http://www.ventureli
performance for the ne.com/(Sample
given years using the industry analysis
accounting ratios, and ratios
Interpret and analyse computed)
the significance of the
accounting ratios in the  http://www.sgx.com
.sg Annual reports
Financial statements and
of well-known retail
balance sheet.
chains.
 http://www.accounti
study ask students to
ngformanagement.
calculate and comments
com/accounting_rat
on the business
performances and giving ios.htm
suggestions on how to
improve and etc.
41
REFERENCES:

 Bookkeeping and Accounts; FT Prentice Hall; Frank Wood.

 IGCSE Accounting; Cambridge; Catherine Coucom.

 Principles of Accounts; Marshall Cavendish Education 2nd /3rd/4th/5th Edition; Betsy Li, Tan Sai Kim, Goh Lin Chin.

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 42

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)
 Principles of Accounts; A complete Course with S.B.A Guides; CEP; David Ramlochan; Chairman Lalla

 ‘O’Level Principles of Accounts; Loh Boon Foo, Ng Kim Hwa; Longman

 Principles of Accounts; Pearson Longman; Low-Wong Yee Yong, Wang-Aung Ah Hong.

RECOMMENDED BOOKLET FOR STUDENTS:

 Principles of Accounts – Topic by topic with Notes and Exercises;

• 1st Edition; Hjh Harita binti Hj Hassan & Marhani binti Hj Mohd Lot
o Upper Secondary 4-ISBN 99917-54-12-1
o Upper Secondary 5-ISBN 99917-54-13-x

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 – SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK 43

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)