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Once released from the hospital,
should occur before going patients who have undergone surgery may be given a prescription for pain medica‐
home. Physical therapists tions to be taken as needed, as well as a detailed post‐operative activity, physical
and occupational thera‐ therapy/exercise plan to help ease recovery and return to a healthy life.
pists work with patients Patients can generally resume normal activity in about 6‐8 weeks after surgery, but
and instruct them on this should be discussed with your physician. If you require outpatient physical ther‐
proper techniques of get‐ apy, you will probably need to attend therapy sessions for 2‐4 weeks. You should
ting in and out of bed and expect full recovery to take up to 3 months.
walking independently.
Patients are instructed to
avoid bending at the waist,
Colen Surgical Medi‐Card
lifting (more than five
pounds), and twisting in What is an Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF)?
the early postoperative Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion is a surgical procedure in which two or more verte‐
period (first 2‐4 weeks) to Figure 7. Use by breathing‐in deeply and measuring the brae are joined or fused together. During this procedure the disc in between two
avoid muscle strain injury. volume of air your lungs can hold. Repeat this slowly, 10
vertebral bodies is removed and a bone graft or interbody spacer is inserted in its
times every hour.
Patients can gradually place. The goal of the procedure is to stimulate the vertebrae to grow together into
begin to bend, twist, and one solid bone (known as fusion), (Figures 1 and 2).
lift after 4‐6 weeks as the pain subsides and the back muscles get stronger.
Dissolving stitches, sutures or staples are commonly used to close incisions. Surgical
Figure 1: Lumbar bony structures. The disc (labeled A) is
dressings that cover the incision may be removed prior to discharge from the hospi‐
removed and replaced with a spacer in between both
tal. Some incisions are held closed with Steri‐Strips. These are small adhesive strips vertebral bodies. This synthetic spacer is known as an
that are made to peel and fall on their own as the incision site heals. interbody biomechanical device (labeled B).
Normal wound care during the post‐operative period requires keeping the incisions ______________________________________________________________________
dry. You usually are able to shower, but should avoid “soaking the wound” such as in
baths, or swimming until you are seen by your physician at the follow up appoint‐
I have read and understood the content presented in this brochure. All my questions
ment. Your first follow‐up appointment is usually within 2 weeks.
Eat healthy foods, especially those high in protein unless indicated otherwise. regarding this surgical procedure have been answered satisfactorily.
What are the possible complications?* Figure 2: Interbody biomechanical spacer.
• Infection (post‐op infection is rare but may become a serious complication if left Many types of biomechanical spacers are
untreated) ______________________________________________________________________ available on the market; this is an exam‐
ple of one that your physician may use.
• Bleeding PATIENT’S SIGNATURE DATE
• Complications from anesthesia (the anesthesiologist will discuss this with you) Disclaimer: The content presented in this brochure may vary slightly from the actual
There are 2 types of bony grafts that may be used in this procedure, one is an auto‐
• Continued pain surgical procedure.
graft (bone is taken from the patient’s own pelvic bone) or an allograft (bone ob‐
• Fusion may not occur (higher incidence of non‐fusion in patients who smoke) tained from another donor). Once the appropriate graft is chosen, it is packed be‐
• Hardware (i.e. screws, plates or cages) may break or come loose Developed by:
tween the two vertebrae in order to “fuse” them together, providing increased spinal
• Numbness Colen Publishing, L.L.C. stability. This bone graft, or the biomechanical spacer implant, will take the place of
• Nerve damage‐ surgery that is done near the spinal canal can potentially cause the intervertebral disc, which is entirely removed in the process.
injury to the spinal cord or spinal nerves Authors: Faculty Reviewer:
Chaim B. Colen, M.D., PhD. Setti S. Rengachary, M.D. What are the indications? When is it used?
• Weakness Roxanne E. Colen, PA‐C Spinal fusion surgery such as ALIF is most commonly indicated for patients suffering
Editorial Formatting:
• Thrombophlebitis (a condition in which the blood in the large veins of the leg Illustrators: Kathryn Schwartz with chronic lower back and/or leg pain. Causative factors include degenerative disc
forms blood clots) Chaim B. Colen, M.D., PhD. Chelsea M. Smialek
William Van de Putte Katharine Van de Putte disease and deformities in the curve of the spine causing spinal instability. Pain NOT
• Death relieved with conservative therapies (e.g. physical therapy, pain medication) may
Infinite possibilities to learning….
*This is not intended to be a complete list of all possible complications. require surgery. Fusion surgery is done to stabilize and strengthen the spine as well
Colen Publishing is dedicated to the promotion and dissemination of professional medical books as alleviate severe, chronic back pain.
What is the recovery period? and related topics. Through our publications we endorse and propagate innovative medical and In cases where there is not a lot of instability, an anterior fusion (ALIF) alone can be
Recovery time is different for every patient, however, most patients are up and walk‐ healthcare research and education within the community. Visit us on the web at:
sufficient.
ing by the end of the first day after surgery. Most patients can expect to stay in the www.colenpublishing.com.
Generally, this is true in cases of one level (gastrocnemius, soleus muscles). Numbness, tingling or pain can radiate to The wound is usually irri‐ A
degenerative disc disease where there is sin‐ the side and the sole of the foot. gated with sterile water
gle disc space collapse (Figure 2). If, however, * This is not meant to be a comprehensive list of all the muscles and innervations. containing antibiotics. The
x‐ray films (prior to surgery) of the lumbar deep fascial layer and sub‐
spine indicate abnormal movement of the
What are the benefits? cutaneous layers are B
spine suggesting instability (e.g. isthmic Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF) is done to stabilize and strengthen the closed with a few strong
spondylolisthesis), an anterior approach to spine and may alleviate the symptoms of severe, chronic back pain. sutures. The skin can usu‐
spine fusion may be accompanied with a pos‐ How will I prepare for surgery? ally be closed using special
terior (from the back) fusion to provide addi‐ The decision to proceed with surgery must be made jointly by you and your sur‐ surgical glue, leaving a
tional support to the fused level of the spine. geon. You should understand as much about the procedure as possible. If you have minimal scar and requiring
The following is a synopsis of lumbar and concerns or questions, you should talk to your surgeon before undergoing the no bandage.
sacral spinal nerve roots, along with their operation. The total surgery time is
sensory and motor patterns (Figure 3): approximately 2 to 3 Figure 4: Typical location of the incision on the abdo‐
Once you decide on surgery, most surgeons will have you undergo a complete
• Discs: L1‐L2; L2‐L3; L3‐L4 physical examination by your regular doctor. This exam helps evaluate whether hours, depending on the
you are physically fit to tolerate the upcoming operation. number of spinal levels in‐
Figure 2: Lumbar spine x‐ray depicting volved.
Before surgery you should avoid using antiplatelet agents (such as aspirin, Plavix)
degenerative disc disease at L5‐S1.
or blood thinners (such as coumadin, heparin) since these can increase bleeding What happens after sur‐
during the operation. Smoking is frowned upon since it retards wound healing and
• Nerve roots: L1, L2, L3 ‐ Asso‐
gery?
should be stopped at least 2 weeks prior to the operation.
After surgery you are likely to
ciated with weakness of hip On the day of your surgery, you will probably be admitted to the hospital early in
experience pain at the incision
flexion (iliopsoas muscle) and the morning. You shouldn't eat or drink anything after midnight the night before
site (incisional pain) that may
knee extension (quadriceps your surgery. If you take any medications, discuss this fact with your doctor.
be managed through the ad‐
muscles – also L4). May cause
numbness, tingling or pain in
What happens during surgery? ministration of oral analgesics
Patients are given a general anesthesia to put them to sleep during the surgery. A or narcotics. Walk as early as
the front and the outside of
breathing tube (endotracheal tube) is placed and the patient breathes with the possible after your surgery.
the thigh.
assistance of a ventilator. A ventilator is a device that controls and monitors the This can help to prevent blood
• Disc: L4‐L5
flow of air into the lungs. Preoperative intravenous antibiotics are given. Patients clots from forming in your legs
• Nerve root: L4 ‐ Associated and pneumonia by helping your
are positioned in the supine (lying on the back) position, generally using a special,
with weakness of knee exten‐ lungs expand. Usually you will
radiolucent operating table. The surgical region (abdominal area) is cleansed with a
sion (quadriceps muscles). be given a small breathing de‐
special cleaning solution. Sterile drapes are placed, and the surgical team wears Figure 5: Retraction and protection of the vascular
Numbness, tingling or pain can vice called an “incentive spi‐ structures in preparation for the insertion of the
sterile surgical attire such as gowns and gloves to maintain a bacteria‐free environ‐
radiate to the kneecap and the rometer” (Figure 7) which you interbody spacer.
ment.
inner side of the leg. The L4‐L5 can use to expand your lungs
A 3‐8 centimeter incision either transverse (A) or oblique (B) is made just to the left
disc is a common level for a while in bed.
of the umbilicus (belly button), (Figure 4), this however is dependant on the num‐
lumbar disc herniation to oc‐ Over time, normal healing pro‐
ber of spinal levels to be fused.
cur. gresses and the pain subsides.
The abdominal muscles are gently spread apart, but are not cut. The peritoneal
• Disc: L5‐S1 sac (containing the intestines) is retracted (moved to the side) to the side, as are Incisional pain accompanied by
• Nerve root: L5 ‐ Associated the large blood vessels. Special retractors are used to allow the surgeon to visual‐ swelling, redness, discharge,
with weakness of knee flexion ize the anterior (front part) aspect of the intervertebral discs (Figure 5). After the numbness or flu‐like symptoms
and upward flexion of the foot retractor is in place, an x‐ray is used to confirm that the appropriate spinal level(s) (e.g. fever/chills) should be
and toe (hamstrings, tibialis is identified. reported to your physician im‐
anterior, extensor hallucis Figure 3: Pain from nerve roots has a The intervertebral disc is then removed using special biting and grasping instru‐ mediately.
longus and extensor digitorum typical radiating pattern, known as a Most patients are usually able
ments (rongeurs and curettes). Special distractor instruments are used to restore
dermatome pattern.*
longus muscles). Numbness, the normal height of the disc, as well as determine the appropriate sized spacer to to go home 3‐4 days after sur‐
tingling or pain can radiate to be placed. A bone spacer (metal or plastic may also be used) is then carefully gery. Patients will typically stay
the top and the outside of the foot. L5‐S1 is one of the most common levels placed into the disc space. Fluoroscopic x‐rays are taken to confirm that the spacer longer, approximately 4‐7 days, Figure 6: Construct in place.
for a lumbar disc herniation to occur. is in the correct position. if a posterior spinal surgery is
• Disc: S1‐S2 (typically part of the sacrum) Titanium or stainless steel screws and rods may be inserted into the back of the also performed. Before food and liquids are resumed after surgery, your doctor
• Nerve root: S1 ‐ Associated with weakness of downward flexion of the foot spine to supplement the stability of the entire construct (Figure 6). typically waits until you pass flatus (gas) or have a bowel movement. These are