Kanpur - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

11/8/2014
Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kanpur
Coordinates: 26.460738N 80.333405E
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kanpur (/knpr/ pronunciation ; also known as Cawnpore) is the largest urban

agglomeration in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the second largest industrial city
in of the Hindi belt in North India and 10th biggest city in India. It is the administrative
headquarters of Kanpur Nagar district and Kanpur division and is known as "Leather
City" as it contains some of the largest and finest tanneries in the world. Kanpur is one of
North India's main commercial and industrial centres.
Kanpur is situated on the bank of the Ganges River and has been an important place in
the history of modern India. Kanpur was one of the main centres of the industrial
revolution in India. It was known as "Manchester of the East". Towards the end of the
19th century, Sir John Burney Allens established a group of companies such as Kanpur
Textiles, Cawnpore Woollen Mills (Lal-imli), Flex Shoes Company, Elgin Mills and
North Tannery under the banner of British India Corporation having headquarters at
Kanpur. In the beginning of the 20th century, Lala Kamlapat established a group of
companies such as; J.K. Cotton Mills and J.K. Iron etc. under the banner of J.K. During
the same period Sir J. P. Srivastava established New Victoria Mills.The Jaipuria family
bought Swadeshi Cotton Mills from the Horsman family and in 1928 Sardar Inder Singh
founded India's First steel re-rolling mill at Singh Engineering which later became one of
India's biggest steel rolling mills. British Government also established a number of
factories like; Aircraft Manufacturing Depot, Kanpur (Now HAL), Ordnance Factory,
Kanpur (Manufactured the Nirbheek Revolver) and Parachute Factory in 1886 to
supplement their defence requirements.[5] Today Kanpur comprises Ghari detergent, Red
Tape Shoes, Goldie spices, Duncans Industries, innumerous middle-scale industries,
Hosiery business (which is the second largest in North India and world-famous leather
tanneries, which are more than 350 in number.
It has an area of over 605 km2 with an approximate population of 2.5 million inhabitants
in its area. It is administratively divided into 6 zones and 110 wards with a ward
population range of 19,000 to 26,000.[6] It is the 75th largest city in the world.[7]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanpur
Kanpur
Cawnpore
Clockwise from top right: Green Park Stadium; Civil Lines

district; Kanpur Police headquarters; Landmark Hotel; Memorial
Church; JK Temple
Nickname(s): "Leather City of India";[1] "Manchester

of the East"[2]
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Others believe that the name is derived from Karnapur (meaning "town of Karna", one
of the heroes of the Mahabharata). Another theory is that it came from the nearby town
of Makanpur, earlier known as Khairabad, where the Sufi saint of the Madariya Sufi
order, Badiuddin Zinda Shah Madar, settled.[8]
Contents
Kanpur
1 Earlier history of the area

2 Founding of the settlement
3 Indian Rebellion of 1857
4 Culture
5 Cuisine
6 Geography
Coordinates: 26.460738N 80.333405E
8 Surrounding areas
Country
State
Region
9 Flora and fauna
District
7 Climate
10 Demography
11 Economy
11.1 Pollution
12 City centre
13 Major industries in Kanpur
14 Major Business Clusters in Kanpur
15 Property
Government
Mayor
Shri Jagat Vir Singh Drona
Area
City
2,509 km2 (969 sq mi)
Elevation
126 m (413 ft)
Population (2011)[4]
17 Kanpur Urban Area
City
Rank
Density
18 Civic administration
Metro
16 Metropolitan Area
19 The Special Zones
India
Uttar Pradesh
Awadh
Lower Doab
Kanpur Nagar District
Kanpur Dehat District
4,767,031
10th
1,366/km2 (3,540/sq mi)
4,767,031
[3]
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20 Media
21 Education
Languages
Official
English, Hindi, Urdu, Awadhi
22 Notable locations
Time zone
IST (UTC+5:30)
23 Parks
PIN
208 0xx
209 2xx
209 3xx
209 4xx
0512
UP-77,UP-78
24 Historical & Places of Attraction

25 Water bodies
26 Transport
27 Roads
28 See also
29 Notes
30 References
31 External links
Earlier history of the area
Telephone code
Vehicle
registration
Coastline
Sex ratio
Literacy
Climate
Precipitation
Avg. annual
temperature
Avg. summer
temperature
Avg. winter
temperature
0 kilometres (0 mi)
0.842 /
84.14%
Cfa (Kppen)
980 millimetres (39 in)
22.0 C (71.6 F)
48.7 C (119.7 F)
7 C (45 F)
Kanpur's development is unclear until the 13th century. Although no reference to Kanpur
is found in written documents before this time, the history of two of its suburbs, Jajmau
Website
www.kanpurnagar.nic.in
and Bithoor, can be traced back to pre-13th century times. Bithoor is located about
(http://www.kanpurnagar.nic.in)
20 km upstream from the city and is approximately 10 km from the IIT Kanpur campus.
Jajmau is about 8 km east of the city and is nearly 20 km downstream from the IIT
Campus. According to Hindu mythology, just after creating the universe, Lord Brahma performed the Ashvamedha at Bithoor and established
a lingam there. Another legendary site at Bithoor is the Valmiki Ashram, where the famous sage Valmiki is supposed to have written the
Sanskrit epic, the Ramayana. According to this epic, Queen Seeta, on being exiled by King Ramachandra of Ayodhya, spent her days in
seclusion at the ashram bringing up her twin sons, Lava and Kush.
At Jajmau, there are remains of an ancient fort, now surviving as a huge mound. Recent excavations on this mound indicate that the site is very
old, perhaps dating back to the Vedic age. Popular legends state that the fort belonged to Yayati, a king of the ancient Chandravanshi race.
At Ghatampur (Bhitargaon), 45 km from kanpur central there is an ancient temple built in Gupta Era.
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At Shivrajpur, 20 km from the Kanpur Central railway station, there is an ancient temple built by Chandel Raja Sati Prasad in memory of his
queen. This temple is supposed to have been built in a night and is situated on the banks of the Ganges. This temple is famous for its
architectural work and carving designs.
Parihar rulers of Kannauj may have ruled this place for a significant part of history long before the beginning of Mughal era. Some historical
accounts suggest Pratihara emperor, Mihir Bhoja, has ruled in Kanpur since nearby Kannuaj was the capital of Parihar.[9]
Founding of the settlement

In 1207 AD, Raja Kanti Deo of Prayag (connected to the throne of Kannauj) established the village
Kohna, which later came to be known as Kanpur. Kanpur continued its association with Kannauj
during the reigns of Harsha Vardhan, Mihir Bhoja, Jai Chand and early Muslim rulers through the Sur
Dynasty. The first mention of Kanpur was made in 1579 during Sher Shah's regime. Up to the first half
of the 18th century, Kanpur was an insignificant village. Parihar rulers also ruled more than 200 years
in Kanpur, as Kannauj was the capital of Parihar rulers & Kannauj is very near by located to Kanpur.
In May 1765, Shuja-ud-daula, the Nawab of Awadh, was defeated by the British near Jajmau. From
1773 to 1801, it was part of the Oudh kingdom and then came into the hands of the British. At this
time, the British realized the strategic importance of the site of Kanpur. European businessmen had, by
this time, started establishing themselves in Kanpur. In order to ensure protection for their lives and
property, the European business shifted the 'Awadh local forces' here in 1778. Kanpur passed into
British hands under the treaty of 1801 with Nawab Saadat Ali Khan of Awadh.
Kanpur Sangrahalaya
Kanpur later became one of the most important military stations of British India. It was declared a district on 24 March 1803. South of Parmat
were the British infantry lines and the parade grounds. Indian infantry occupied the space from the present Chunniganj to the Christ Church
College. The Company Bagh was laid in 1847 and the construction of the Ganges Canal was completed in 1854.
The Kanpur Sangrahalaya/Kanpur Museum housing valuable artifacts from pre-colonial and colonial period, was established in 1999, in a
section of KEM Hall, Phool Bagh Maidan.
Indian Rebellion of 1857

In the 19th century, Kanpur was an important British garrison with barracks for 7,000 soldiers. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, (known in
the United Kingdom as the Indian Mutiny, known in India as the First War of Independence), 900 British were besieged in the fortifications
for 22 days by rebels under Nana Sahib Peshwa. They surrendered on the agreement that they would get safe passage to the nearby Satti
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Chaura Ghat whereupon they would board barges and be allowed to go by river to Allahabad.
Though controversy surrounds what exactly happened at the Satti Chaura Ghat, and who fired the first shot, it is known that soon afterwards,
the departing British were shot at, by the rebel sepoys, and were either killed or captured. Some of the
British officers later claimed that the rebels had placed the boats as high in the mud as possible, on
purpose to cause delay. They also claimed that Nana Sahib's camp had previously arranged for the
rebels to fire upon and kill all the English. Although the East India Company later accused Nana Sahib
of betrayal and murder of innocent people, no evidence has ever been found to prove that Nana Sahib
had pre-planned or ordered the massacre. Some historians believe that the Satti Chaura Ghat massacre
was the result of confusion, and not of any plan implemented by Nana Sahib and his associates.
Lieutenant Mowbray Thomson, one of the four male survivors of the massacre, believed that the rankand-file sepoys who spoke to him did not know of the killing to come.
Many were killed and the remaining 200 British women and children were brought back to shore and
sent to a building called the Bibighar (the ladies' home). After some time, the commanders of the rebels
decided to execute their hostages. The rebel soldiers refused to carry out orders, and butchers from the
nearby town were brought in to kill the hostages three days before the British entered the city on July
18. The dismembered bodies were thrown into a deep well nearby. The British under General Neill
retook the city and committed a series of retaliations against the rebel Sepoys and those unfortunate
civilians caught in the area, including women, children and old men. The Kanpur Massacre, as well as
similar events elsewhere, were seen by the British as justification for unrestrained vengeance.[10]
Up to 1,000 British troops, their

families and loyal sepoys were
confined in General Wheeler's
entrenchment in Kanpur for three
weeks in June 1857 where they were
besieged by the army of Maratha
prince named Nana Sahib
The British dismantled the Bibighar and raised a memorial railing and a cross at the site of the well. In
1862, they built a church called All Souls' Cathedral in memory of those killed; renamed the Kanpur
Memorial Church. This Church still stands at what was the northeast corner of Wheelers
entrenchment. The marble gothic screen with the famous 'mournful seraph' was transferred to the
churchyard after independence in 1947, and in its place a bust of Tantya Tope installed at Nana Rao
Park. The well is now bricked over, but the remains of a circular ridge and 'Boodha Bargad' (Old
Banyan Tree) are still there. The "Boodha Bargad" is not there anymore. Only a stone describing the
Boodha Bargad is there.
After 1857 it became an important centre of the leather and textile industries. The Government Harness
And Saddlery Factory was set up in 1860 to supply the army with leather products, followed by Cooper
Allen & Co in 1860. The first cotton textile mill, The Elgin Mills was started in 1862 and the Muir
Mills in 1880, and many others followed in the next 40 years such as Victoria Mills and Atherton West
Charge of the Highlanders led by

General Havelock, to relieve the
besieged British troops held by Indian
fighters.
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& Co. made Cawnpore a major textile producer. The Elgin Mills of Cawnpore was famous for its Drill Khakhi during the early/mid Twentieth
Century. The Khaki cloth was famous for its colour and durability. The man behind this was the
Dyeing Master Gopal Sadashiv Gogate, who died on 17 December 1942.
The British India Corporation (BIC) was headquartered here and led the development of many
industries.The Juggilal Kamlapat Singhania launched many factories between 1930 and 1970.
Radheylaal Steel Rolling Mill Formed Up By Seth Radheylaal Vaishya Son Of Lala Pannalal at
Juhi,Kanpur & The Jaipuria family contributed to the patriotic cause by building The Swadeshi Cotton
Mills in response to charges that the foreign rulers were raiding India of its cotton only to sell it back to
its residents. The first steel re-rolling mill of India was established at Singh Engineering which later
became one of India's largest steel re-rolling mills. Kanpur was known as the "Manchester Of India" in
the twentieth century. Kanpur was the largest trading and manufacturing centre in the United Provinces.
Kanpur is an important centre of India's leather and small arms industries. It has five Indian ordnance
Factories viz Ordnance Equipment Factory, Field Gun Factory, Ordnance Parachute Factory, Small
Arms Factory, Ordnance Factory which manufacture products of the Indian Armed Forces.
Culture
Nestling on the banks of the River Ganges, Kanpur stands as one of North India's major industrial
centres with its own historical, religious and commercial importance. Believed to have been founded by
king Hindu Singh of the erstwhile state of Sachendi, Kanpur was originally known as "Kanhpur".
Historically, Jajmau on the eastern outskirts of present day Kanpur, is regarded as one of the most
archaic townships of Kanpur district. Up to the first half of the 18th century, Kanpur continued to
survive as an insignificant village. Its fate, however, took a new turn soon after. In May 1765, Shujaud-daula, the Nawab Wazir of Awadh, was defeated by the British near Jajmau. It was probably at this
time that strategic importance of the site of Kanpur was realised by the British. European businessmen
had by this time gradually started establishing themselves in Kanpur. In order to ensure protection to
their lives and property, the "Awadh local forces" were shifted here in 1778. Kanpur passed into British
hands under the treaty of 1801 with Nawab Saadat Ali Khan of Awadh. This forms a turning point in
the history of Kanpur. Soon Kanpur became one of the most important military stations of British
India. It was declared a district on 24 March 1803.Kanpur was founded by chandela king krishnadeo.
1858 picture of Sati Chaura Ghat on

the banks of the Ganges River, where
on 27 June 1857 many British men
lost their lives and the surviving
women and children were taken
prisoner during India's first war of
Independence.
British Forces capture the rebel forces

in 1857 near Kanpur, India
Kanpur was a hotbed of change in the independence and literary movements during the first half of the 20th century. A popular shopping
centre is named Navin Market, after the poet Bal Krishna Sharma aka "Navin". Later poets included Gopal Das "Niraj" who wrote songs for
Hindi films. Kanpur is also the birthplace of Shyamlal Gupta 'Parshad, composer of the famous ditty Vijayee Vishwa Tiranga Pyara. The
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propagation and popularisation of Hindi also owes much to this city, with great Hindu literatteurs such as Acharya Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi,
Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi, Pratap Narain Mishra and Acharya Gaya Prasad Shukla `Sanehi. The Agricultural University is named after the
revolutionary Chandrashekhar Azad and the Medical College after Ganesh Shanker Vidyarthi; both men spent much time in Kanpur. While
Chandrashekhar 'Azad' shot himself when surrounded by a huge posse of British soldiers at Alfred Park, Allahabad, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi
was killed during the Hindu-Muslim riots of 1931 at Machli Bazar in Kanpur. About 25 km from Kanpur is Bithoor(Brahmavarta). Legend
goes that Sita, the wife of Lord Rama came to live at the ashram of sage Valmiki, after Rama expelled
her from Ayodhya. It was here that she gave birth to the twins Lava (Ramayana) and Kusha
(Ramayana), and disappeared back into the earth (from where she was born) when confronted by a
repentant Rama. Bithoor is also the site of the fort to which Nana Sahib escaped following the British
retaking of Kanpur. Today, Bithoor is a tourist spot on the banks of the River Ganges and Kanpur is
expanding very fast with new residential complexes sprouting up everywhere. Among festivals Ganga
Mela is a unique festival that is celebrated in Kanpur, 5 days after the festival Holi. Colours are thrown
and people greet each other before having a dip in the sacred Ganges. Music, dance and poem recitation
are organised in the evening. The festival is celebrated in the memories of revolutionaries released by
British government who were held prisoners during the 1857 revolution.
The Nana Sahib with his escort. Steel
engraved print, published in History
of the Indian Revolution (late 1950s).
Cuisine
Awadhi thali (platter)

with Naan bread, Daal,
Raita, Shahi paneer,
and Salad.
Some assorted halva

including sooji, chana,
and gajar halva
Paratha served with

tea.
puri with
accompaniments
The well outside Bibi Ghar
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Chicken Dum Biryani

is one of the delicacy
of Kanpur.
Navratan Korma
Persian dishes
introduced in Awadh
region.
Chicken Curry with

Chapati
Tantia Topee's leading his army from

Bithoor
Aloo Tikki Chaat

served with Chutney
Paan (or Betel)
The cooking patterns of the city are similar to those of Central Asia, the Middle East, and Northern India as well. The cuisine consists of both
vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes. Kanpur has been greatly influenced by Mughal cooking techniques, and the cuisine of Kanpur bears
similarities to those of Kashmir, Punjab and Hyderabad; and the city is famous for its Nawabi foods & Punjabi dishes.
The bawarchis of Awadh gave birth to the dum style of cooking or the art of cooking over a slow fire, which has become synonymous with
Kanpur today. Their spread would consist of elaborate dishes like kebabs, kormas, biryani, kaliya, nahari-kulchas, zarda, sheermal,Taftan,
roomali rotis and warqi parathas. The richness of Awadh cuisine lies not only in the variety of cuisine but also in the ingredients used like
mutton, paneer, and rich spices including cardamom and saffron.
Geography
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The city's coordinates are 26.4670 North and 80.3500 East. The Government of Uttar Pradesh has carved out the new district of Kanpur
Dehat from the old Kanpur Rural district. Kanpur, along with Allahabad and Fatehpur, are part of the Lower Doab, which in antiquity was
known as the Vatsa country. It is surrounded by two main rivers of India, the Ganges in the northeast and the Pandu River (Yamuna) in the
south. The districts surrounding Kanpur are Hamirpur in the south and Unnao in the north-east. The arid region of Bundelkhand lies just south
of Kanpur. Kanpur district along with Kanpur Dehat district lie between the fertile Doab region of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers. The river
Yamuna marks the boundary between the Avadh and Bundelkhand regions. Kanpur City comes under the Indo-Gangetic plains of India. There
are facilities of clean drinking water. Water comes from Kanpur City by Ganges Barge and there are various pumping stations for providing
water to Farmers for crops. Kanpur is situated on the right side of river Ganges and left side is Shuklaganj which is in Unnao District but is
also the part of Kanpur.
Climate
Kanpur features an atypical version of a humid subtropical climate that resembles the climate of Delhi to some degree. Unlike many other
cities with a humid subtropical climate, Kanpur features long and very hot summers, mild and relatively short winters, dust storms and a
monsoon season. Kanpur lies in northern plains of India, which witness extremes of temperature. It can drop to a minimum of 0.0 C in the
winters while it goes up to 48 C in summers. Kanpur experiences severe fog in December and January, resulting in massive traffic and travel
delays. In summer excessive dry heat is accompanied by dust storms and Loo, traits more commonly seen in desert climates. Rains appear
between July and September almost at the end of regular monsoon season. Some rainfall is recorded during the harvest season of MarchApril.
These extremes however, give the region an advantage of having three crops of versatile range of products. Best time to visit Kanpur is either
OctoberNovember or FebruaryMarch.Snowfall has never occurred in the city. There are some times Hailstones accompanied with rain in the
winter season during the month of January but sometimes Hailstorms have also occurred in the months of March and April. In January
2002,the city witnessed a heavy hailstorm which left the city streets white with ice pieces and recently in 2009 when the last hailstorm was
recorded. Dust storms are frequent during the months of AprilJune.These dust storms are sometimes accompanied with light drizzles. Such
dusty winds raise the level of particulates in the atmosphere resulting in severe air pollution and increasing health hazards. Sometimes the
speed of winds exceeds to more than 100 km/hr in the outer areas of the city. Kanpur City lies on the right bank of the river Ganges, which is
elevated very high from the river, which is the reason that the city never floods. Some of the rural outskirts of the city lie on the flood prone
areas of the Ganges, and it often floods the villages on its banks during the monsoon season. The Left bank sandy areas on the banks of the
Ganges are cultivated to produce summer fruits like Watermelon. The dry and Hot Loo winds help the growth of watermelon which results in
its great yield. The average rainfall recorded in the city is 885 mm.
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Month
Jan
Feb
Climate data for Kanpur

Mar Apr May Jun
Jul
Record high C (F)
28
(82)
34
(93)
41
(106)
44
(111)
46
(115)
48
(118)
41
(106)
38
(100)
38
(100)
36
(97)
32
(90)
28
(82)
48
(118)
Average high C (F)
18
(64)
24
(75)
30
(86)
38
(100)
40
(104)
42
(108)
36
(97)
34
(93)
32
(90)
30
(86)
25
(77)
20
(68)
33
(91)
Average low C (F)
6
(43)
12
(54)
14
(57)
20
(68)
22
(72)
25
(77)
26
(79)
23
(73)
22
(72)
16
(61)
12
(54)
7
(45)
15
(59)
Record low C (F)
3
(27)
6
(43)
7
(45)
15
(59)
17
(63)
20
(68)
21
(70)
18
(64)
19
(66)
15
(59)
9
(48)
0
(32)
3
(27)
Precipitation mm (inches)
23
(0.91)
16
(0.63)
9
(0.35)
5
(0.2)
6
(0.24)
68
(2.68)
208
(8.19)
286
(11.26)
202
(7.95)
43
(1.69)
7
(0.28)
8
(0.31)
881
(34.69)
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Source: IMD[11]
Surrounding areas
Flora and fauna
Indian Peafowl
Indian Peacock
House Sparrow or
Gauraiyya
Indian Crow
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Leapord at Kanpur Zoo Chhajju at Kanpur Zoo
Chital Deer at Kanpur

Zoo
Brahminy Mynah
Kanpur is home to many residential and migratory birds. Most of them can be spotted at Bithoor, IIT Kanpur campus and areas alongside the
Ganges Canal. In the IIT campus you can find a large number of peacocks and nilgai. The city has Asia's biggest (area wise) zoological
garden. Exotic species of flora are present at the CSA campus also.
The Kanpur zoo is famous for its cages designed to provide a natural habitat for the animals, and has a vast variety of animals. The water
supply system of the zoo is a work of art, by an artist and engineer in the Sinchai Department of that time, Murari Sharan Saxena. He was also
known for the design of gates of every Dam in whole Uttar Pradesh of that period. The Zoo is a part of a lush green area - The Allen Forest
Zoo, Nawabganj.
Demography
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Meditation Centre at
Rooma in Kanpur
Cawnpore Orphanage
at Kanpur, built during
the British Raj
Cawnpore Well
Gurudwara
Ghats at the Ganges

near Kanpur
Methodist High
School, Kanpur
As per 2011 census Kanpur urban agglomeration has a population of 2,920,067, out of which
males were 1,584,967 and females were 1,335,100. The literacy rate was 83.98 per cent.[13]
The majority of Kanpur's population comprises people from Central and Western Uttar
Pradesh. However, Punjabis and Anglo-Indians have also settled in large numbers in areas of
Swaroop Nagar, Tilak Nagar, Azad Nagar and Civil Lines. While the majority of the
population is Hindu, there is a significant Muslim minority population. There are also small
groups of Sikhs, Jains, Christians and Buddhists. As per 2001 census literacy rate of Kanpur is
70.36% (60.25% for females and 71.92% for males).
Bithoor, near Kanpur
Religions in Kanpur
Religion
Hindus
Muslims
Christians
Sikhs
Buddhists
Jains
Others
Percent
70%
20%
6%
1%
1%
1%
1%
Distribution of religions
Includes Parsis (<1%).
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Kanpur is situated on the banks of the river Ganges; the population was 2,551,337 as per the
2001 census. In the last decade, the population rose rapidly. One of the factors for this kind of
growth can be a higher number of immigration to Kanpur City from other areas. Languages spoken in and around
Kanpur include Hindi, English, Urdu, Bengali and Punjabi. Hinduism is the largest religion followed in the city
with one-fith of the citizens adhering to Islam as a religion. Muslims in the city include wealthy business people in
the well established tanning industry which accounts for India's 30% export. There is a majority population of
Hindus which live in peace and friendship with their Muslims neighbours. The Sikh community consists of
immigrants who were displaced due to the Partition of India in 1947. They have since well established business in
the city and reside in areas such as Govind Nagar, Gumti No.5, Jawahar Nagar, Ashok Nagar and 80 ft road.
Christians are 3rd largest community in Kanpur with about 20,000 Christians as per year 2000.[14] Christ Church
College, Kanpur Memorial Church, British India Corporation, St.Patrick's Church and school, St Mary's Convent
High School, Huddard High School, Methodist Church in Civil Lines, Kanpur Museum, Cawnpore Kotwali,
Cemetery near Court, Collector Mansion Methodist High School and many old buildings and bungalows in Cantt.
and Civil Lines reflect British architecture. There are 35 Parsis in Kanpur with their Fire Temple at M.G Road.[15]
Kanpur Population
Census
Pop.
1891
188,712
1901
197,170
4.5%
1911
178,557 -9.4%
1921
216,436 21.2%
1931
243,755 12.6%
1941
487,324 99.9%
1951
638,734 31.1%
1961
705,383 10.4%
1971
1,275,242 80.8%
Economy
1981
1,782,665 39.8%
1991
1,874,409
Kanpur has a total GDP (PPP) of 23 billion US$ and it ranks as 9th among top 10 Industrial cities in India followed
by Surat.
2001
2,551,337 36.1%
2011
2,767,031
5.1%
8.5%
Source: Census of India[12]
Kanpur is one of the biggest producers of leather production the world and they are exported in bulk. Apart from
the leather and textile industries, the fertiliser, chemicals, two wheelers, soaps, pan masala, hosiery and engineering
industries are also operating in the city. The private sector has also set up large units such as factories of the JK Industries group, Lohia
machines, Duncans, etc.
The only unit of the Indian Institute of Pulse Research (an institute of ICAR) and one of the three units of the National Sugar Institute is
situated in Kanpur which reflects the strong agrarian nature of industries here.
Kanpur was also infamous to a certain extent for being home to largest tanneries in India and the subsequent pollution they caused thereof.
These tanneries were the initial source of industrial base in Kanpur during the colonial period. However owing to poor pollution record, lack of
technologies and emergence of other avenues of employment has led to a slow and gradual death to these units.
Kanpur has also begun to find favour among the outsourcing sector as a favoured location with several new startups setting up shop here
owing to cheaper costs and a readily available talent pool.
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Kanpur has several locational advantages, i.e., location at a vantage point on four national highways, i.e., NH 2, NH-86, NH-91 and NH 25;
raw material availability for many industries, viz. leather, food processing, plastics etc., proximity to large markets, availability of skilled
manpower due to various institutes located within Kanpur (viz. Indian Institute of Technology, Chandr Shekhar Azad Agricultural University,
Central Pulse Research Institute, Leather Institute etc.) and existing traditional industrial base attracting skilled workers to the city.
One of the Software Technology Parks of India is also situated in Kanpur in Awadhpuri locality. Central Government has sanctioned Rs. 250
crs to restart Lal Imli Mill in Kanpur which has been closed for a long time.
Business giants in the city include Kashi Jewellers, Laxman traders, Superhouse Group, Simran traders, Aone user, Mirza International, The
Universal Book Stall, flex industries, Kesarvani, Bajrangbali, deals in handicraft materials, Pan Parag, super glue etc.
In Kanpur, the banking services were availed by only 61 percent of the households (Census 2001). About 8 percent of the households did not
possess basic assets such as vehicles (bicycles, scooter, moped, car, jeep, etc.), televisions and radios. Katiyabaaz (Powerless), a 2014 Indian
documentary film deals with the issue of power theft in the city of Kanpur.[16]
Pollution
In addition to the historical pollution from the tanneries[17] there are more modern problems, including air pollution[18] and contaminated water
supplies.[19][20]
City centre
The City Centre of Kanpur is along the Mall Road, which is known as the vein or life line of Kanpur. It adjoins the Civil Lines locality.
Innumerous Banks like The Reserve Bank of India, SBI, Federal Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, Allahabad Bank, The GPO (General Post
Office), British India Corporation is headquartered here, BSNL Tower, UP Stock Exchange, Indian Merchants' Chamber of Uttar Pradesh, LIC
headquarters, Green Park Stadium, Ursala Horseman District Hospital, Kanpur Judiciary, Cawnpore Kotwali, Parks like Moti Jheel and Nana
Rao Park & Phool Bagh, Z Square Shopping Mall, Som Dutt Plaza along with The Landmak Hotel, Navin Market and various other Shopping
Centres and Plazas are a feature of the City Centre. It is the major economic centre of Kanpur. The area is of 10 km sq approximately and has a
population of around 200,000. The renovation of city centre is carried under by JNNURM and Kanpur Municipal Corporation. Recently,
musical fountains and expanding of the Mall Road has taken place. Activities like protection of old buildings of the 19th and 20th centuries
have taken.
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Major industries in Kanpur

There are numerous large, medium and small scale industries & manufacturing centres in Kanpur.
Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation of India, the largest in India
Lohia Machinery Limited
British India Corporation
Rupani Footwear
Panki Thermal Power Station
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited - HAL
JK Synthetics Ltd.
Dainik Jagran
Kothari Products Ltd.
Mirza International
Superhouse Ltd.
Super Glue
Major Business Clusters in Kanpur

Cotton Hosiery Cluster About 476 small industrial units are working in this cluster. Cotton Hosiery industry provides employment to over
10,000 people in the city and exports goods worth 6 crore annually.
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Readymade Garments Cluster Industries associated in this cluster produce items like dyed stitching fleece, knitting sinker and other hosiery
items. The total exports from this relatively new business segment in Kanpur are to the tune of 50 crore.
Soap and Detergent Business Cluster The industrial units associated in this cluster produce detergent powder, liquid detergents and glass and
floor cleaners among other items. The turnover of this business cluster is around 600 crore annually though the items are consumed within the
state and neighbouring states.
Paint and Allied Industries Cluster This business cluster functions under the ambit of Paint and Allied Products Manufacturers Association.
Around 50 units work in this business cluster within the city limits of Kanpur and produce products as enamel based paints, varnishes and
thinners along with other allied products.
Harness and Saddlery Business Cluster The major products produced in this business cluster include saddlers, Harness and Saddlery
products. Around 225 micro units are associated in this business and value of exports from this cluster has touched a high of Rs 375 crore last
year.
Leather and Leather products Business Cluster Industries associated in leather business in Kanpur produce leather footwear, leather
garments and other leather goods. Around 1635 units in Kanpur produce leather goods and the turnover of the cluster was in the range of 292
crore last year.
Steel furniture Business Cluster Around 685 industrial units are functioning in this business cluster. The industrial units associated with steel
furniture business in Kanpur provide employment to over 50,000 people and has been able to achieve a turnover of 181 crore last year.
Cold Storage Business Cluster The 100 units working in this cluster function under the ambit of Uttar Pradesh Cold Storage Association. The
turnover of this cluster was in range of 50 crore last year and the industrial units associated in this business provide employment to over 2000
people.
Pharmaceutical Business Cluster Around 75 business units are functioning in this business clusters. These include major multinationals like
Ranbaxy and Cipla besides local pharmaceutical units. The turnover of the cluster is in the tune of 70 crore and the industrial units provide
employment to over 2300 people.
Property
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Sarvodaya Nagar
Apartments
The Landmark, Kanpur
BSNL, Kanpur Office
Property is one of the growing sectors of the Kanpur's economy. Kanpur has one of the fastest growing property rates in almost all the areas
due to overpopulation.
Metropolitan Area
The metropolitan region defined under JNNURM by Kanpur Nagar Nigam, includes the Kanpur Nagar Nigam area, 8 kilometer around KNN
boundary and newly included 47 villages of Unnao district on the north-eastern side, it extends to Murtaza Nagar, in the west its limit is up to
Akbarpur, Kanpur Dehat Nagar Panchayat limit, in the eastern side the limit has been expanded on the road leading to Fatehpur and in
extended up to. The metropolitan region area includes the area of Shuklaganj Municipal Committee (Nagar Palika), Unnao Municipal
Committee (Nagar Palika), Akbarpur Village Authority (Nagar Panchayat) and Bithoor Village Authority (Nagar Panchayat) area.[6] In 199798, total metropolitan region area has increased to 89131.15 hectare out of which 4,743.9 hectare (5.31%) was non-defined (prohibited area)
and rest 29,683 hectare and 54,704 hectare (61.39%) was urban and rural area respectively.
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Kanpur Urban Area

Important cities and towns of Kanpur Urban Area are:
North Kanpur - Bithoor, Mandhana, Kalyanpur
West Kanpur - Rawatpur, Moti Jheel, Panki
East Kanpur - Jajmau, Chakeri, Rooma, Sarsaul, Daheli Sujanpur
South Kanpur - Govind Nagar, Ratan Lal Nagar, Kidwai Nagar, Naubasta, Saket Nagar, Barra,
Yashoda Nagar, Gujaini, Dabouli, Hanspuram, Shyam Nagar, Jarauli, Damodar Nagar, Koyla
Nagar, Tatya Tope Nagar
Central Kanpur - Civil Lines, Dev Nagar, Kanpur Cantonment, Nawabganj, Kanpur,
Generalganj, Swaroop Nagar, Anwarganj, Gumti, Lajpat nagar, Jawahar Nagar, Chaman Ganj,
Aerial view of Old Central Business

District near The Mall as viewed
from The Landmark Hotel
Kanpur, Parade, Colonelganj, Becon Ganj, Patkapur, Iftikharabad, Bansmandi, Parmat, Gwaltoli,
Vijay Nagar, Shastri Nagar
Kanpur Rural - Bilhaur, Shivrajpur, Chobepur, Bithoor, Araul, Gatampur,Aseniyan(Nirmalgram),(shcandi),(bidhnu),(udaipur),(kishan
nagar)
Civic administration
Kanpur Municipal Corporation
This body is responsible for administration of Kanpur City area.
Kanpur Development Authority
Kanpur Development Authority (KDA) is a board for development of
Kanpur. The Secretary of Kanpur Development Authority is Shakuntla
Gautam. Kanpur Development Authority is responsible for
constructing Governmental Building and flats in Kanpur.
Police
Kanpur City officials

Divisional
Commissioner
Mukul Singhal[21]
Mayor
Captain Jagatveer
Singh Dron[22]
Chief
Metropolitan
Magistrate
Peeyush Pandey [23]
Metropolitan
Magistrate
Pradeep Kumar
Jayant[23]
District
Magistrate
AP Agarwal[24]
Kanpur Municipal Corporation HQ
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The Kanpur Metropolitan Police has six geographic zones, includes the Traffic Police, the City Armed Reserve, the Central Crime Branch and
the City Crime Record Bureau and runs 73 police stations, including two all-women police stations.
Electricity and Water Supply
Electricity in Kanpur is regulated through the Kanpur Electricity Supply Company (KESA), now called KESCO, [47] while water supply and
sanitation facilities are provided by the Kanpur Water Supply and Sewerage Board (KWSSB). The city is facing problems due to erratic power
supply and spoilt roads due to laying down of new sewerage pipes. U.P.S.I.D.C (Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd.)
Head Office is in Kanpur.
The Special Zones

The special zones of Kanpur are:[25]
State Government/Private SEZs notified/approved prior to SEZ Act 2005
Fazalganj Industrial Estate Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh Acids, Chemicals and Petrochemical
Banthar Leather Technology Park UnnaoKanpur Metropolitan Region, Uttar Pradesh Leather
Ruma Textile Park Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
Software Technology Park (STPI) Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
Media
Kanpur is home to the Dainik Jagran newspaper which is the most read Hindi Newspaper in India. Other newspapers that are widely read
include Amar Ujala, Aaj, Rashtriya Sahara, Hindustan. The English dailies published are The Times of India, Hindustan Times, Economic
Times, The Pioneer, etc. There is also the Hindi and English mixed Newspaper Tabloid I-NEXT.
There are currently five FM radio stations and one All India Radio Akashwani Station being broadcast in Kanpur. The 6 Radio Stations are
following:
BIG FM 92.7 at 92.7 MHz
Red FM at 93.5 MHz
Radio Mirchi at 98.3 MHz
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AIR FM Rainbow India at 100.1 MHz

AIR Vividh Bharati at 103.7 MHz
Gyan Vani 106.4 MHz
Education
N.S.I. KANPUE Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution Department of Food &
Public Distribution Kanpur-208017 India
Kanpur has been a centre of education as many prominent universities and colleges are situated here.
The world renowned institute in the field of science and technology IIT Kanpur, established in 1959, is
situated on Grand Trunk Road. Harcourt Butler Technological Institute (HBTI) is Kanpur's oldest
technical institute situated in Nawabganj. The history of Harcourt Butler Technological Institute dates
to the 1920s when there was a growing realization of the need for advancement in science and
technology among the people of what was then called the United Provinces. Consequently, the Indian
Industrial Commission at its Nainital meeting proposed two institutions for engineering one at
UIET Kanpur is known for its lushRoorkee and the other at Kanpur. To boost entrepreneurship, accelerate industrial development, to
green campus
create a sound environment for contemporary applied research and to inculcate scientific and technical
temper, an institute called `Government Research Institute, Cawnpore' was started in 1920. It was
housed in two rooms of what was called Sher Wali Kothi. The old majestic building is still intact at the
northwest corner of the Company Bagh crossing, Nawabganj. Dr. Annett was then the principal of the
Opium Research Laboratory of which the new institute was an adjunct. Kanpur also boasts of Ganesh
Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College ( GSVM Medical College ) which is one of the best
medical colleges in the country. Chatrapati Shahau Ji Maharaj University formerly Kanpur University
offers courses in various departments at the undergraduate and post-graduate levels. STEP-HBTI
(Leading management institute affiliated to GBTU)University Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Kanpur University, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Uttar Pradesh
Textile Technology Institute, Government Leather Institute formerly known as Government Leather
PK Kelkar Library, IIT Kanpur,
Working School, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, National Sugar Institute, Institute of Productivity
designed by Achyut Kanvinde
& Management, Government Polytechnic, Prof. H.N. Misra College of Education (formerly known as
International Centre College of Education), Brahmanand Degree College, vssd Degree College, PPN
Degree College, D.A-V. P.G. College, Halim Muslim Degree College, BNSD College, Christ Church College are some of the popular
educational institutions of Kanpur city. There are more than 70 Agricultural, Degree, Engineering, Management and Medical colleges in
Kanpur. Also in the city we have Central India Regional Council of Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. Apart from these there are
various renowned schools (pre-primary to class XII); Seth Anandram Jaipuria School is one of the best schools in India. Among the oldest are
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the Methodist High School, operating since 1876, and Huddard High School, a private, CISCE-affiliated high school established in 1926.
B.N.S.D. Inter College, Jawaharlal Nehru Inter College, Christ Church Inter College, D.A-V. Inter College and Government Inter College are
the repotted government intermediate colleges of the city.
IIT Kanpur, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, National
Sugar Institute, Kanpur University, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology
are working tremendously in the field of research and development. A non-governmental association,
Society for Tropical Plant Research (https://sites.google.com/site/tropicalplantresearch/) also serving
the scientific community through its international scientific journal - Tropical Plant Research
(http://www.tropicalplantresearch.com/).
Notable locations
International Centre, Kanpur
University
"IIT Kanpur panaroma from Hall 7"
Parks
Green Park Stadium, also known as Modi Stadium, an International cricket stadium
Moti Jheel
CSA, Kanpur
Nanarao Park
Buddha Park
Japanese Garden
Mahatma Gandhi Park, also known as Katehri Bagh, Cantonment
Kidwai Nagar Park
Phool Bagh
Brajendra Swaroop Park
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Bhagwan Parashuram Park

Palika Stadium
Tulsi Upawan
Keshav Vatika(A small park in Keshavpuram area)
Historical & Places of Attraction

Allen Forest Zoo
Gora Kabristan, a graveyard
Radha-Krishna Mandir, or J K Temple, a temple constructed of white marble dedicated to
Krishna
Panki Mandir, a historical temple of Lord Hanuman.
Kherepati Temple, a well known temple of Lord Vishnu and Sheshnag.
Anandeshwar Temple, situated on the banks of the Ganges at Parmat
ISKON Temple, Bithur
Lav Kush Barrage, a barrage (weir) on the Ganges, also known as Ganges Barrage.
Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj

University, Kanpur
Kanpur Memorial Church

St. Patrick church
Gandhi Hall
Kanpur Sangrahalaya, a museum
Jajmau Tila
Bhitargaon Temple
Sarsaiyya Ghat
Massacre Ghat
Nanarao Fort, Bithur
Siddha Nath Ghat, Jajmau
Foreigners cycling near Lower Ganga

Canal
Baradevi Temple
Boodha Bargad (Old Banyan) tree, a tree on which 144 Indians were hanged in the later part of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
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Methodist Church, Civil Lines

Siddhidham Ashram, Bithoor
Water bodies
Moti Jheel
Ganges
Jungle Water World, Bithoor
Transport
Rhinoceros at the zoo
Kanpur Mahanagar Bus Seva

The Central Government providing the Kanpur city administration with 300 buses under JNNURM.
Central Government will bear 50% cost while State Government and Nagar Nigam will bear 20% and
30% cost respectively.
Suburban bus service
The suburban bus service is run by Kanpur upnagariya parivahan sewa. Its fleet is around 120 buses.
These buses cater the need of suburban towns and tehsils in Kanpur and neighbouring districts.
Suburban services is from Shahid Major Salman Khan Bus Station and Rawatpur. Towns connected by
Shahid Major Salman Khan Bus Station are Unnao, Fatehpur, Akbarpur, Jajmau, Chakeri, Sarsaul,
Maharajpur. Towns connected by Bithoor are Bilhaur, Mandhana, Chobepur, Shivrajpur, nayi jail. It is
a division of Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation.
JK Temple in artificial lights
Inter-state bus service

One of Kanpur's major bus terminals is Shahid Major Salman Khan bus station at Jhakarkatti. Another important bus station is at Rawatpur.
Earlier, another bus terminal operated at Govind Puri, directly in front of the main railway station, but this has now been reestablished as a city
bus station. The move was taken to remove congestion in front of the railway station. Kanpur Lucknow Roadways Service is a very important
service for commuters. The cities outside Uttar Pradesh that are covered by bus service are Jaipur, New Delhi, Gwalior, Bharatpur, Singrauli,
Faridabad, Gurgaon Sagar and Dausa.
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Railways
Served by Indian Railways, Kanpur is connected by trains to almost every part of India like Delhi,
Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Raipur, Indore, Bhopal, Farrukhabad,
Jabalpur, Jamshedpur, Srinagar, Jaipur, Gorakhpur, Guwahati, Jhansi, Khajuraho, Jalgaon, Durg, Pune,
Surat, Lucknow, Nagpur and Coimbatore.
Kanpur has ten railway stations within its city limits: Kanpur Central, Kanpur Anwarganj, Govindpuri
(Kanpur South), Panki, Chakeri, Rawatpur, Kalyanpur (Kalyanpur), Kanpur Bridge Left Bank,
Bhimsen Jn. and Rooma. There was one more station called "Purana Kanpur" from which the first train
ran in Northern India in 1859 - however now it is defunct.
Kanpur Central is the main railway station of Kanpur and is the largest railway station of
North Central Railways. Kanpur Central lies as one of the most important railway stations
on Delhi-Howrah Trunk Line of Indian Railways. The first Rajdhani Express of India ran
via this railway station.
Air travel
Kanpur Airport has scheduled commercial flights to Delhi. The nearest International
Airport is the Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport at Lucknow, which is around
75 km from Kanpur.
Massacre Ghat
Kanpur Metro
Line 1: Central-Kalyanpur - Bithoor

Legend
Kanpur Central
Kanpur Anwarganj
Rawatpur
Kalyanpur
Mandhana
Bithoor
Roads
The city has had chronic problems with maintaining local roads.[20] There are several important
National Highways that pass through Kanpur.
Kanpur Central (CNB)
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NH No
Total
Length
Route
NH 2
Delhi Mathura Agra Kanpur Allahabad Varanasi Mohania Barhi Palsit Dankuni (near
Kolkata)
2542
NH 25
Lucknow Kanpur Jhansi
352
NH 86
Kanpur Hamirpur Mahoba Chhatarpur Sagar Bhopal Indore
674
NH 91
Ghaziabad Aligarh Etah Kannauj Kanpur
405
NH 157
(Proposed)
Kanpur Raebareli Sultanpur Shahganj Azamgarh Gaura Barhaj Siwan Muzaffarpur
581
The Inter State Bus Station (ISBT) of Kanpur officially named as the "Shaheed Major Salman Khan
Bus Station". It is locally known as the "Jhakarkati Bus Station" enquiry number: 0512 2328381. It
provides buses to important cities of India. The other bus stations are:[26]
Air India (Regional) landing at

Kanpur Airport
Chunniganj Depot
Kidwai Nagar (Juhi) Depot
Kanpur Central MS Depot
Akbarpur Depot
Bagvantnagar Depot
Vikas Nagar RML Depot
Azad Nagar AC Bus Depot
Fazalganj Bus Depot
Unnao Depot
Upstream view of Ganges from

Kanpur railway bridge
Ring road
The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is all set to develop a four-lane outer ring road along the periphery of Kanpur with an aim
to prevent traffic congestion in the industrial city caused by long-distance heavy vehicles. The new road, which will help the heavy vehicles to
bypass the city, will be developed on a "Built, Operate and Transfer" (BOT) basis under the phase-VII of National Highways Development
Programme (NHDP).[27]
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See also
Kanpur Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)
Kanpur Dehat (Lok Sabha constituency)
Renamed places in Kanpur
Second Battle of Cawnpore
List of twin towns and sister cities in India
Notes
1. ^ "Kanpur India - Kanpur Uttar Pradesh, Kanpur City, Kanpur Guide, Kanpur Location"
(http://www.iloveindia.com/travel/kanpur/index.html). Iloveindia.com. Retrieved 2012-12-19.
2. ^ "Nick Name of Indian Places" (http://www.facts-about-india.com/nick-name-indian-places.php). Factsabout-india.com. Retrieved 2012-12-19.
3. ^ "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1
lakh and above" (http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-provresults/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf) (PDF). Office of the
Downstream view of Ganges from

Kanpur railway bridge
Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 26 March 2012.

4. ^ "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above"
(http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-provresults/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf) (PDF). Office of the Registrar
General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
5. ^ "About us & Kanpur City" (http://www.excisekanpur.nic.in/about.html). Excisekanpur.nic.in. 1963-01-07.
Retrieved 2013-12-24.
6. ^ a b http://jnnurm.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/CDP_Kanpur.pdf
7. ^ "Largest cities in the world and their mayors - 1 to 150" (http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largestcities-mayors-1.html). City Mayors. 2012-05-17. Retrieved 2012-12-19.
8. ^ Suvorova, Anna Aronovna (2004). Muslim saints of South Asia: the eleventh to fifteenth centuries- Volume
14 of RoutledgeCurzon Sf series (http://books.google.co.in/books?
id=MXIrbg5yU84C&pg=PA171&lpg=PA171&dq=Badiuddin+Zinda+Shah+Madar&source=bl&ots=OZntB
YmS_v&sig=0NTvq2NfmrmrKO0ipIS_hg-
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YmS_v&sig=0NTvq2NfmrmrKO0ipIS_hg-
TZYg&hl=en&ei=DzCQSue_LpTG6QOPisXZCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage
&q=&f=false). Routledge. p. 171. ISBN 0-415-31764-9.
9. ^ Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar. A history of India (http://books.google.co.in/books?
id=V73N8js5ZgAC&pg=PA163&dq=gurjara+pratihara&ei=hpIPS_fhOqDAzQT85pXrDA#v=onepage&q=gu
rjara%20pratihara%20kanauj&f=false) (4, illustrated ed.). Routledge, 2004. pp. 432 pages. ISBN 0-41532920-5, ISBN 978-0-415-32920-0. "In 9th century the Pratiharas kings, Bhoja (836-885) and Mahendrapala
(885-910), proved to be more powerful than their contemporaries of the other two dynasties whom they
defeated several times. Kannauj then emerged as the main focus of power in India."
10. ^ Dalrymple, W. 2007. The Last Mughal. The Fall of a Dynasty: Delhi, 1857, Alfred Knopf, New York
11. ^ "Kanpur" (http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/kanpur.htm). IMD. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
12. ^ "Kanpur City Development Plan Under JNNURM"
(http://www.rcueslko.org/jnnurm/Kanpur/3%20Chapter%203%20-%20Demography.pdf). JNNURM Demography. pp. 313. Retrieved 2008-12-29.
13. ^ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf). Provisional
Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Retrieved 2012-07-07.
14. ^ "Crusade Watch, Religious Conversion Watch, Evangelism watch - India - city wise Christian population"
(http://www.crusadewatch.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=568&Itemid=27).
Crusadewatch.org. 2006-12-20. Retrieved 2013-12-24.
15. ^ http://zoroastrians.net/2014/02/05/appeal-cawnpore-parsee-anjuman-kanpur/
16. ^ " 'Katiyabaaz': A documentary maker challenges mainstream space"
(http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Katiyabaaz-A-documentary-makerchallenges-mainstream-space/articleshow/40768405.cms). The Times of India. Aug 23, 2014. Retrieved
2014-08-30.
17. ^ Shukla, Neha (2 July 2014). "Untreated factory waste poisoning Ganga; Kanpur STPs not upgraded to
handle tannery discharge" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Untreated-factory-wastepoisoning-Ganga-Kanpur-STPs-not-upgraded-to-handle-tannery-discharge/articleshow/37632507.cms). The
Times of India. Archived (http://www.webcitation.org/6REyYbvNh) from the original on 21 July 2014.
18. ^ "Kanpur tops air pollution chart" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Kanpur-tops-airpollution-chart/articleshow/7315560.cms). The Times of India. 19 January 2011. Archived
(http://www.webcitation.org/6RExh0482) from the original on 21 July 2014.
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19. ^ "Contaminated water a curse for people" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/Contaminatedwater-a-curse-for-people/articleshow/19904126.cms). The Times of India. 6 May 2013. Archived
(http://www.webcitation.org/6REystVpu) from the original on 21 July 2014.
20. ^ a b Potholed roads, eight to ten hours long power cut, overflowing drains and contaminated drinking
water tell the tale of the Industrial town, which is fast turning into a big slum. Siddiqui, Faiz Rahman (29
April 2014). " 'Outsider' Joshi takes on 'local' Jaiswal" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/OutsiderJoshi-takes-on-local-Jaiswal/articleshow/34371469.cms). The Times of India. Archived
(http://www.webcitation.org/6RExN9yav) from the original on 21 July 2014.
21. ^ "70 IAS officers transferred in Uttar Pradesh" (http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/UP-70-ias-officerstransferred-in-uttar-pradesh-3109031.html). daily.bhaskar.com. 2012-04-13. Retrieved 2013-09-21.
22. ^ "S.K. Nataraj elected Mayor of Kanpur"
(http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/24/stories/2010042461670100.htm). The Hindu. 2010-04-24. Retrieved
2010-05-05.
23. ^ a b "Court dismisses complaint against Mulayam"
(http://m.timesofindia.com/PDATOI/articleshow/12459463.cms). The Times of India. 2012-03-29.
24. ^ "AP Agarwal is new Kanpur DM" (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-0320/kanpur/31214469_1_kanpur-dm-district-magistrate-commissioner). The Times of India. 2012-03-20.
25. ^ http://kmc.up.nic.in/#
26. ^ "UPSRTC" (http://www.upsrtc.com/amenities.htm). UPSRTC. Retrieved 2012-12-19.
27. ^ "Kanpur to get outer ring road to bypass traffic blues" (http://www.indianexpress.com/news/kanpur-to-getouter-ring-road-to-bypass-traf/739887/). Indianepress.com. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
References
Singh, Harihar (1972). Kanpur: a study in urban geography. Indrasini Devi.
Free Trade Unions, International Confederation for (1989). "7. Kanpur - The Experience in Textile Industry"
(http://books.google.co.in/books?id=UQtAbcCsh-gC&pg=PA39&dq=Kanpur&lr=&cd=15#v=onepage&q=Kanpur&f=false).
Employment and structural change in Indian industries: a trade union viewpoint, Vol. 1. International Labour Organization. ISBN 92-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanpur
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106709-2.
Singh, Surendra Nath (1990). Planning & development of an industrial town: a study of Kanpur (http://books.google.co.in/books?
id=lmfb38bD-wgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Kanpur&lr=&cd=11#v=onepage&q&f=false). Mittal Publications. ISBN 81-7099-241-9.
Silas, Sandeep (2005). "44. Manchester of the East: Kanpur" (http://books.google.co.in/books?
id=gL7pGaL3vooC&pg=PT151&dq=moti+jheel+kanpur&cd=8#v=onepage&q=moti%20jheel%20kanpur&f=false). Discover India by
Rail. Sterling Publishers. ISBN 81-207-2939-0.
External links
Kanpur city portal (http://www.kmc.up.nic.in/)
Kanpur Dehat portal (http://www.kanpurdehat.nic.in/)
Wikimedia Commons has

media related to Kanpur.
Kanpur travel guide from Wikivoyage

Kanpur City Local Business Directory (http://kanpurdeals.com)
Kanpur City Latest Updates (http://kanpurcity.co.in)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanpur&oldid=630938369"
Categories: Kanpur
This page was last modified on 24 October 2014 at 14:41.
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Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Coordinates: 26.460738N 80.333405E

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kanpur (/knpr/ pronunciation ; also known as Cawnpore) is the largest urban

Clockwise from top right: Green Park Stadium; Civil Lines

Nickname(s): "Leather City of India";[1] "Manchester

Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1 Earlier history of the area

Coordinates: 26.460738N 80.333405E

9 Flora and fauna

Shri Jagat Vir Singh Drona

2,509 km2 (969 sq mi)

126 m (413 ft)

17 Kanpur Urban Area

19 The Special Zones

Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

English, Hindi, Urdu, Awadhi

24 Historical & Places of Attraction

Earlier history of the area

Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Founding of the settlement

Indian Rebellion of 1857

Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Up to 1,000 British troops, their

Charge of the Highlanders led by

Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1858 picture of Sati Chaura Ghat on

British Forces capture the rebel forces

Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Awadhi thali (platter)

Some assorted halva

Paratha served with

The well outside Bibi Ghar

Chicken Dum Biryani

Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chicken Curry with

Tantia Topee's leading his army from

Aloo Tikki Chaat

Paan (or Betel)

Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Climate data for Kanpur

Record high C (F)

Average high C (F)

Average low C (F)

Record low C (F)

Leapord at Kanpur Zoo Chhajju at Kanpur Zoo

Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chital Deer at Kanpur

Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ghats at the Ganges

Bithoor, near Kanpur

Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Source: Census of India[12]

Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Major industries in Kanpur

Major Business Clusters in Kanpur

Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Landmark, Kanpur

BSNL, Kanpur Office

Kanpur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia