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Olympiastadion-Berlino, 2000-2004
gmp - Von Gerkan Marg & Partner
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(Photo: Heiner Leiska, Hamburg)
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(Photo: Marcus Bredt, Berlin)
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geometria data.
Il progetto vincitore del concorso degli architetti von Gerkan,
Marg e Partner sotto la direzione di Volkwin Marg e Hubert
Nienhoff ha preso in considerazione lOlympia Stadion non come
un solitaire ma come parte centrale di unopera complessa. Gli
interventi di ristrutturazione previsti riguardavano:
1. indagine sulle parti danneggiate e restauro
2. ristrutturazione dellanello delle tribune superiori destinate agli
spettatori e costruzione ex novo della parte inferiore, con laggiunta di 100 logge VIP con accessi particolari ai garages
(630 posti), e spazi per la gastronomia
3. risanamento, modernizzazione ed ampliamento degli
impianti sportivi
4. adeguamento delle zone destinate ai media
5. costruzione della copertura delle tribune
6. costruzione integrata di un sistema di illuminazione e di insonorizzazione
7. nuova costruzione di spazi sotterranei, accessi, centrali tecniche, approvvigionamenti.
Decisivo per laffidamento dei lavori allo studio gmp fu appunto
la soluzione della copertura, che lascia aperte prospettive ampie
verso la porta Maratona che dallo stadio apre un campo lungo
alla vista che spazia fino ai Campi di Maggio verso lalta torre
dove si conserva la campana olimpica. Inoltre i lavori, come
spesso si richiede a Berlino, dovevano essere svolti senza interrompere le attivit sportive.
Nonostante il massiccio aspetto esteriore, fedele al diktat della
Berlino di pietra e alla tradizione dellantichit classica, lo stadio
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costruito in una struttura leggera di cemento armato. La struttura delle tribune dellanello superiore, eccetto la tribuna donore
stata conservata e completamente restaurata. Il restauro della tribuna sottostante era impossibile per motivi economici, perci
stata sostituita da una nuova costruzione. In questo modo, il livello del campo di calcio sprofondato di 2,65 metri e con leliminazione della pista per la corsa si avvicinato ancor pi il pubblico al campo, guadagnando ben due file, equivalenti a circa
1.600 posti a sedere. Lo stadio ha in tutto circa 75.000 posti.
La concezione della copertura si armonizza con lidea antica
dello stadio, il cui tetto il cielo. Una leggera costruzione di
acciaio, che si eleva di poco al di sopra del profilo del cornicione esterno, leggera, orizzontale che non deborda oltre il perimetro delledificio. La costruzione, un traliccio di tubi metallici, ha
una portata di circa 68 metri, rastremata sui bordi, in particolare
su quello esterno, in modo che il coronamento superiore dello
stadio conservi la sua dominanza .
Lasse urbanistico, che dalla piazza olimpica di fronte allingresso
est si allunga fino alla torre campanaria, (ingresso ovest) viene
accentuato dallapertura lasciata dalla copertura. Per ottenere
questo effetto, invece di progettare un anello completo stato
pensato un leggero traliccio in acciaio rivestito da una membrana traslucida come una pelle che avvolge la struttura sia nella
parte superiore che in quella inferiore. Per ridurre limpedimento
alla visuale degli spettatori, i 20 esili pilastri di sostegno in acciaio
appoggiati allanello superiore delle tribune sono posti pi indietro
possibile per non impedire la visuale ad una distanza luno dallaltro che va da 32 a 40 metri; sono alti 8,50 metri e si assottigliano
da 35 cm di diametro a 25 al piede di forma conica. 132 pilastri
The Berlin Olympic Stadium, together with its surrounding parkland and the sports field of the Reich is one of Europes most
significant sports complexes. Bound as closely as it is to its landscape and environment, this one place encompasses the entire
history of building in the first half of the 20th Century, from the
Imperial age, through the Weimar Republic to National
Socialism.
The architect Werner March designed the complex in the 1930s.
After the War and the partition of the city into different sectors,
the Olympiastadion became part of West Berlin as did much of
that eras architecture, weighed down by its historical legacy, like
a massive ocean liner cast adrift. Its sheer size is impressive and
its form graceful, with its sunken arena, still thought modern
today, and regular perimeter: a ring of colonnaded blocks of
natural stone lit by torches placed on the inside faces of the
square cross-sectioned columns. Around this, strictly arranged
according to the direction and prospect are lawns, swimming
pools and athletics fields, towers and stone statues by the artist
Joseph Wackerle.
The fascination and the power this sports colossus had over the
people from all over the world, gathered together for the spec3.
(Foto: Marcus Bredt, Berlino)
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(Foto: Friedrich Busam, Berlino)
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(Photo: Marcus Bredt, Berlin)
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(Photo: Friedrich Busam, Berlin)
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spectators to continue enjoy wide-ranging views of the area outside, and finally, the stands would also have to retain their original
geometry.
The winning project from von Gerkan, Marg and Partner under
the management of Volkwin Marg and Hubert Nienhoff approached the design concept of the Olympiastadion not as a single
isolated structure, but as the central theme of a complex
work.The restoration work involved:
1. investigating the damaged areas and the ways of restoring
these
2. rebuilding the upper ring of stands for spectator seating and
building the lower part from scratch with the addition of 100
VIP boxes with their own access to the garages (630 places)
and hospitality areas
3. restoring, modernising and extending the sporting facilities
and equipment
4. equipping the areas set aside for the media
5. constructing a new roof for the stands
6. building integrated lighting and sound systems
7. new structuring of the underground spaces, accesses, technical and storage areas.
It was the gmp partnerships solution for the roof that proved the
deciding factor in their winning the contract. Their design leaves
the aspect towards the Marathon Gate wide open, which, from
the stadium offers undisturbed views as far as the Maifeld and the
high tower which houses the original Olympic bell. As is often the
case in Berlin, all this work had to go on without interrupting any
of the sporting activities.
Despite its massive exterior aspect, faithful to the diktat of Berlin
as the word in stone and to the traditions of classical antiquity,
the stadium structure is actually quite light, built of reinforced
concrete. The structure of the upper ring of the stands, except for
the tribune of honour, has been preserved and completely
restored. The lower ring of the stands was impossible to restore in
the same way because of the economic costs involved and this
was replaced with a new structure. The football pitch was lowered 2.65 metres and the running track removed, bringing the
spectators closer to the action on the pitch and gaining two
more rows of seating, with space for about 1,600 extra places.
The stadium now seats nearly 75,000 people.
The concept of the roof harmonises with the classical idea of a
stadium, its roof being the open sky. It is a light construction in
steel, only slightly raised above the level of the exterior cornice, it
is also very light horizontally, not projecting beyond the building
perimeter. It is constructed as a lattice of metal tubes with a
reach of 68 metres, tapering towards the edges, particularly the
exterior ones, so that the upper crowning of the stadium retains
its dominance.
The main thoroughfare that stretches from the Olympic Square
opposite the eastern entrance, stretching as far as the bell tower
at the western entrance, is accentuated by the openness of the
roof. In order to obtain this effect, instead of designing a complete ring, it has a light steel latticework covered by a translucent
membrane, like a skin enveloping both the upper and lower
parts of the steel structure. To avoid blocking the spectators view,
the 20 slim steel support pillars that rest on the upper ring of the
stands have been placed as far back as possible, and the distance between each one is from 32 to 40 metres. They are 8.5
metres high and the diameter shrinks from 35cm to 25cm at the
conically shaped foot. 132 steel columns placed in line with the
existing limestone columns towards the outside distribute the weight of the roof over the original structure.
Rainwater is disposed of by high pressure pumps that direct it
over part of the exterior columns.
The bearing structure of the roof is covered on both its upper and
lower surface by a 27,000 m2 Teflon-covered glass fibre membrane. The illuminated filigree of the structure can be seen though the lower membrane which has a more open mesh, which
also allows light from the rows of seats and sound from the loudspeakers to be transmitted. The structure is also equipped with
supports for spotlights, loud speakers, illuminated, using artificial
light for special effects, creating for itself, with its unique luminous
aura, an unmistakable brand image as the ring of fire.
The gmp architects together with the engineers Krebs and Kiefer
and Schlaich, Bergermann and Partner of Stuttgart, for the covering membrane, received the 2004 Stahlbaupreis, one of
Germanys most prestigious architecture prizes. To summarise the
jurys verdict: A uniqueness of design and the convergence of a
set of parameters comprising sport, monumental architecture
and German history, translated into a coherent language capable of meeting all the demands of a modern sports arena.
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(Foto: Heiner Leiska, Amburgo)
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(Foto: Heiner Leiska, Amburgo)
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(Foto: Heiner Leiska, Amburgo)
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(Photo: Heiner Leiska, Hamburg)
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(Photo: Heiner Leiska, Hamburg)
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(Photo: Heiner Leiska, Hamburg)