SIMPLE STRESSES

Problem 2

Normal Stress

Determine the largest weight W that can be supported by

Shearing Stress

two wires shown in Fig. P- 109. The stress in either wire is

Bearing Stress

not to exceed 30 ksi. The cross-sectional areas of wires AB

Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels

and AC are 0.4 in and 0.5 in respectively.

Normal Stress

P = applied normal load (N)

2
A = Area (mm )
Problem 1

Problem 3

A homogeneous 800 kg bar AB is supported at either end by

A rod is composed of an aluminum section rigidly attached

a cable as shown in Fig. P-105. Calculate the smallest area

between steel and bronze sections, as shown in Fig. P-107.

of each cable if the stress is not to exceed 90 MPa in bronze

Axial loads are applied at the positions indicated. If P = 3000

and 120 MPa in steel.

lbs and the cross sectional area of the rod is 0.5 in

determine the stress in each section.

Shearing Stress
V = Resultant shearing force
A = Area being sheared

Problem 5
As in Fig. 1-11c, a hole is to be punched out of a plate
having a shearing strength of 40 ksi. The compressive stress
in the punch is limited to 50 ksi. (a) Compute the maximum
thickness of plate in which a hole 2.5 inches in diameter can
be punched. (b) If the plate is 0.25 inch thick, determine the
diameter of the smallest hole that can be punched.

Problem 4
Compute the shearing stress in the pin at B for the member
supported as shown in Fig. P-119. The pin diameter is 20
mm.

Problem 6
A 200-mm-diameter pulley is prevented from rotating relative
to 60-mm-diameter shaft by a 70-mm-long key, as shown in
Fig. P-118. If a torque T = 2.2 kNm is applied to the shaft,
determine the width b if the allowable shearing stress in the
key is 60 MPa.

Bearing Stress

Problem 8
A 7/8-in.-diameter bolt, having a diameter at the root of the
threads of 0.731 in., is used to fasten two timbers together
as shown in Fig. P-129. The nut is tightened to cause a
tensile stress of 18 ksi in the bolt. Compute the shearing
stress in the head of the bolt and in the threads. Also,
determine the outside diameter of the washers if their inside
diameter is 9/8 in. and the bearing stress is limited to 800

Problem 7

psi.

In Fig. 1-12, assume that a 20-mm-diameter rivet joins the

plates that are each 110 mm wide. The allowable stresses
are 120 MPa for bearing in the plate material and 60 MPa for
shearing of rivet. Determine (a) the minimum thickness of
each plate; and (b) the largest average tensile stress in the
plates.

Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels

Tangential/Circumferential Stress

Problem 10
The wall thickness of a 4-ft-diameter spherical tank is 5/16
Longitudinal Stress

in. Calculate the allowable internal pressure if the stress is

limited to 8000 psi.

Problem 11
The wall thickness of a 4-ft-diameter spherical tank is 5/16
in. Calculate the allowable internal pressure if the stress is
Spherical Shell

limited to 8000 psi.

Problem 12
A steel rod having a cross-sectional area of 300 mm2 and a
length of 150 m is suspended vertically from one end. It
supports a tensile load of 20 kN at the lower end. If the unit
mass of steel is 7850 kg/m3 and E = 200 103 MN/m2, find
the total elongation of the rod.
Problem 9
A cylindrical steel pressure vessel 400 mm in diameter with
a wall thickness of 20 mm, is subjected to an internal
pressure of 4.5 MN/m2. (a) Calculate the tangential and
longitudinal stresses in the steel. (b) To what value may the
internal pressure be increased if the stress in the steel is
limited to 120 MN/m2?

Strain
Simple Strain ( )

Modulus of Elasticity (E)

Thermal Stress
Deformation due to temperature:

Axial Deformation ()

= coefficient of thermal
expansion m/m0C
Stiffness (k)

Stress-Strain Diagram

for steel = 11.25x10-6/0C

Problem 13
A bronze bar is fastened between a steel bar and an
aluminum bar as shown in Fig. P- 211. Axial loads are
applied at the positions indicated. Find the largest value of P
that will not exceed an overall deformation of 3.0 mm, or the
following stresses: 140 MPa in the steel, 120 MPa in the
bronze, and 80 MPa in the aluminum. Assume that the
assembly is suitably braced to prevent buckling. Use Est =
200 GPa, Eal = 70 GPa, and Ebr = 83 GPa.

Problem 14
The rigid bars AB and CD shown in Fig. P-214 are supported
by pins at A and C and the two rods. Determine the
maximum force P that can be applied as shown if its vertical
movement is limited to 5 mm. Neglect the weights of all
members.

Problem 15
Three rods, each of area 250 mm2, jointly support a 7.5 kN
load, as shown in Fig. P- 256. Assuming that there was no
slack or stress in the rods before the load was applied, find
the stress in each rod. Use Est = 200 GPa and Ebr = 83
GPa.

Problem 17
Calculate the increase in stress for each segment of the
compound bar shown in Fig. P- 266 if the temperature
increases by 100F. Assume that the supports are unyielding
and that the bar is suitably braced against buckling.

Shear Strain ()

Modulus of Rigidity (G)

Problem 16
A steel rod with a cross-sectional area of 0.25 in2 is
stretched between two fixed points. The tensile load at 70F
is 1200 lb. What will be the stress at 0F? At what
temperature will the stress be zero? Assume = 6.5 10-6
in / (inF) and E = 29 106 psi.

Shearing Deformation

Poissons Ratio

Bi-axial Deformation
Torsional Shearing Stress

Tri-axial Deformation
.
For solid cylindrical shaft

For hollow cylindrical shaft:

Bulk Modulus of Elasticity

Problem 18
A rectangular steel block is 3 inches long in the x direction, 2
inches long in the y direction, and 4 inches long in the z
direction. The block is subjected to a triaxial loading of three
uniformly distributed forces as follows: 48 kips tension in the
x direction, 60 kips compression in the y direction, and 54
kips tension in the z direction. If = 0.30 and E = 29 106
psi, determine the single uniformly distributed load in the x
direction that would produce the same deformation in the y
direction as the original loading.

Angle of Twist

Problem 19
A compound shaft consisting of a steel segment and an
aluminum segment is acted upon by two torques as shown
in Fig. P-316. Determine the maximum permissible value of
T subject to the following conditions: st = 83 MPa, al = 55
MPa, and the angle of rotation of the free end is limited to 6.
For steel, G = 83 GPa and for aluminum, G = 28 GPa.

Shearing Stress (Light Spring)

Shearing Stress
(Wahl Formula-Heavy Spring)

m = spring index
Elongation
Problem 20
The compound shaft shown in Fig. P-319 is attached to rigid
supports. For the bronze segment AB, the diameter is 75
mm, 60 MPa, and G = 35 GPa. For the steel segment
BC, the diameter is 50 mm, 80 MPa, and G = 83 GPa. If
a = 2 m and b = 1.5 m, compute the maximum torque T that
can be applied.

Spring Constant

Spring in Series

Spring in Parallel

HELICAL SPRING

Problem 21

STRESSES IN BEAMS

A rigid bar, pinned at O, is supported by two identical springs

as shown in Fig. P-348. Each spring consists of 20 turns of
-in-diameter wire having a mean diameter of 6 in.
Determine the maximum load W that may be supported if the
shearing stress in the springs is limited to 20 ksi.

Flexural Stress

SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAM

Problem 22
Determine the maximum shear and moment of the beam
shown on Fig. P-428.

Problem 23
For the given shear diagram (Fig. P-451), determine the
loading of the beam and the maximum moment.

E = Modulus of Elasticity
= radius of curvature
= flexural or bending stress (fb)
y = distance from neutral axis to the outermost fiber.
M = maximum bending moment
I = moment of inertia
Problem 24
A simply supported beam, 2 in wide by 4 in high and 12 ft
long is subjected to a concentrated load of 2000 lb at a point
3 ft from one of the supports. Determine the maximum fiber
stress and the stress in a fiber located 0.5 in from the top of
the beam at midspan.
Problem 25
A high strength steel band saw, 20 mm wide by 0.80 mm
thick, runs over pulleys 600 mm in diameter. What maximum
flexural stress is developed? What minimum diameter
pulleys can be used without exceeding a flexural stress of
400 MPa? Assume E = 200 GPa.

Problem 26
A flat steel bar, 1 inch wide by inch thick and 40 inches
long, is bent by couples applied at the ends so that the
midpoint deflection is 1.0 inch. Compute the stress in the bar
and the magnitude of the couples. Use E = 29 106 psi.

q= VQ/I

Shearing Stress

Problem 29
A beam is made of three planks, nailed together. Knowing
that the spacing between nails is 25 mm and that the vertical
shear in the beam is V = 500 N, determine the shear force in
each nail.

V = shear force
Q = first moment of area
(section above area of interest)
I = moment of inertia
b = width of section

Problem 27
A uniformly distributed load of 200 lb/ft is carried on a simply
supported beam span. If the cross-section is as shown in
Fig. P-570, determine the maximum length of the beam if the
shearing stress is limited to 80 psi. Assume the load acts
over the entire length of the beam.

Problem 28
Determine the maximum and minimum shearing stress in the
web of the wide flange section in Fig. P-575 if V = 100 kN.
Also, compute the percentage of vertical shear carried only
by the web of the beam.
Shear Flow

V = shear force
Q = first moment of area
I = moment of inertia

Problem 30
A single horizontal force Pof 150 lb
magnitude is applied to end D of lever ABD. Determine the
following:
(a) the normal and shearing stresses on an element at point
H having sides parallel to the x and y axes.
(b) the principal planes and
principal stresses at the point H.

MOHRS CIRCLE
Problem 31
For the state of plane stress shown on Fig 7.13, determine
the following:
(a) the principal planes
(b) The principal stresses
(c) the maximum shearing stress and the corresponding