Congestion analysis and processing of

CDMA equipment operating

instructions
(Huawei Volume)
1 Congestion

related

indicators

analysis of the extraction

1.1 Extraction of relevant indicators
Congestion related
Extraction position
indicators
Traffic Channel
Congestion rate:
Walsh code traffic
The number of Walsh
codes congestion
CE traffic
Congestion caused by
the insufficient number
of CE
Prior to the
transmission power

How-to

and

peak, the ratio of

average settings
Excessive alarm
amplifier
Paging channel load
Overload notification
access channel
Transmission (Abis,
A2 and A3) the peak
throughput
Transmission (Abis,
A2 and A3) the
average throughput
BSC each panel (signal
processing board) CPU
load
BSC-level non-soft
handover traffic and
the capacity of each
panel configuration
ratio (vocoder, PCF
and other utilization)

1.2 Index Analysis

Note: By extracting the comparative analysis of indicators and threshold network congestion.

Threshold
Congestion related indicators

congestion
concerns

Traffic Channel Congestion rate:

Walsh code traffic
The number of Walsh codes congestion
CE traffic
Congestion caused by the insufficient number of CE
Prior to the transmission power peak, the ratio of
average settings
Excessive alarm amplifier
Paging channel load
Overload notification access channel
Transmission (Abis, A2 and A3) the peak throughput
Transmission (Abis, A2 and A3) the average throughput
BSC each panel (signal processing board) CPU load
BSC-level non-soft handover traffic and the capacity of
each panel configuration ratio (vocoder, PCF and other
utilization)
A bi-directional bandwidth of the interface signaling

40%

load threshold:
PCF vocoder and business processing board, CPU load
80%
threshold:
SPU (general signal processing subsystem) load
60%
thresholds:
PCU

(PCF

signal

processing

subsystem)

load
60%

thresholds:

2 Congestion Handling Guide

2.1Walsh code lack of resources
Scenario 1: Base Station and the surrounding area of the base station
carrier frequency are very high traffic
Solution: increase the carrier frequency or site. Higher density for the
base station area, you can use micro-cellular structure and indoor
distribution system to absorb traffic and solve network congestion
problems.
Scenario 2: base station traffic between the carrier frequency larger.
Solution: Open the hard assignment algorithm for load balancing
between the carrier frequency. If the hard assignment algorithm has been
opened, you can adjust the parameters of hard-assigned threshold, this
threshold can be reduced due emphasis on small, can play a role in better

balance. In the CDMA multi-carrier network, when the terminal access,

the system has been ruling issued by sector from access to the terminal
ECAM message service channel assigned to the access frequency of a
particular sector, so that the call in on the specified frequency. The
business decision to end the system channel assignment to a particular
frequency on the process, called multi-carrier assignment, also called
hard assignment. Huawei's multi-carrier network, launched after
hard-assignment algorithm, then System data show that the load among
the various carriers is generally balanced. Details, refer to "CDMA
performance characteristics of volumes."
Scene 3: The base station is not the carrier frequency difference
between traffic near the base station traffic is not high.
Solution:If the leakage of sectors with high traffic neighborhood,
causing the cell to switch to other mobile station has been unable to cut
out, resulting in congestion in this area; drain relations with neighboring
areas, you can check from the drive test data can also be From the debug
station "Unkown pilot" warning found. Organize data, a reasonable
increase in adjacent areas. If the congestion threshold is too low cell
handover target cell switch threshold is too high, leading to the target area
can not be cut, adjusting the parameters can be earnestly for ease
congestion. Check the congestion area, and the switching threshold of the
target cell, such as T_ADD, T_DROP and other parameters.

Scene 4: high-speed data services over occupied Walsh code

resources
Solution: Huawei is generally not used the method reserved for Walsh,
Walsh may result in the need for reserve allocation of high-speed data
services when appropriate resources are not allocated, resulting in waste
of resources. Huawei has "1X voice priority algorithm." When the carrier
frequency walsh resources are filled, a new voice call access time, BSC
carrier frequency on the release of the existing SCH, so voice calls can
access. SCH is to be released a minimum QoS priority, and if the same
QoS priority, select the highest rate of SCH distribution. This feature
applies to the scene: for simultaneous voice and data services, walsh
resource-constrained, and the customer that the voice QoS a higher
priority than data services applications.
Walsh's voice on the open access priority algorithm steps:
(1) to confirm the function to open the network to meet the priorities
based on Walsh's voice access requirements of the application scenarios;
(2) open the specified carrier frequency, "Walsh's voice based access
priority" switch,
Modify the command: MOD CHINF:

(3) The dynamic execution of this operation can be, no reset veneer;
(4) in the maintenance of the platform open "wireless resource
monitoring", observed when the new voice call access, the system is the
release of SCH and the voice to establish FCH, and this time the carrier
frequency has been occupied by the number of Walsh code channels, the
former FCH channel to the number, the number of forward SCH channel
changes;
(5) observed after the opening words of an early system busy
indicator, compared to open the function before and after the lack of
resources as a result of Walsh traffic channel allocation failures.
If you need to turn off priority based on Walsh's voice access switch,
do the following conduct:
(1) implementation of the revised command: MOD CHINF:
VOICEACCSW = OFF;
(2) The dynamic execution of this operation can be, no reset veneer,

modified recommended to choose the early morning.

(3) amend complete, perform queries, confirm priorities based on
Walsh's voice access switch is turned off.
Scene 5: Walsh lack of resources, but the power is not limited
Solution: Different RC has different characteristics, RC3 uses less
power, but less code resources available, only 64; while RC4 takes more
power, but the disposable resources of 128 yards. RC adaptive allocation
algorithm can be restricted based on the current situation of system
resources, choose the most appropriate wireless configuration to improve
the capacity of the system.
RC3/RC4 adaptive allocation algorithm, that is, prior to distribution
in the system to the FCH or SCH channel, when the power to determine
the current system is limited or Walsh code limited, specific instructions
are available the following diagram:

As shown above, MaxPwr and MaxWalsh represent the maximum

available power and Walsh resources. Up and Uw is the algorithm of the
two thresholds, the threshold by the two resource consumption can be
divided into four regions, then the characteristics of each piece with the
corresponding RC distribution. Top right corner of the piece here say a
few key areas, that is, when power usage and Walsh were all over
utilization Up and Uw, through the decision graph of the inequality, if the
inequality holds, then the distribution of RC4, or distribution of RC3.
Inequality is a configurable bias, RC3 or RC4 is used to control the
distribution of the inclination, we can see the bias, the more inclined to
assign RC4; offset the smaller, the more likely distribution of RC3. For
the scene as follows:
1) 1X voice service FCH, FCH data services and SCH;

2) only applies to rate Set 1 RC prior to distribution, not including

reverse RC distribution;
3) 32X data services must RC4, not to RC adaptive allocation;
4) only applies to version 6 and above the terminal.
Performance Description: voice services under a single carrier
frequency using RC adaptive able to adapt to far, nearly three wireless
environment scenario, effectively enhance the system capacity. However,
the current to the load is high, there may be loads of dropped calls
volatile situation, the stability of the system to some extent. RC hybrid
adaptive algorithm can improve the business data service capacity, while
maintaining stable voice FER does not appear to deteriorate.
Open

step

algorithm

can

refer

to

"CDMA

performance

characteristics of volumes."

2.2CE lack of resources

Scenario 1: Base Station and the surrounding area of the base station
carrier frequency are very high traffic
Solution: increase the CE resources (adding new or increased CE
board CE LICENSE) or increase the site. Higher density for the base
station area, you can use micro-cellular structure and indoor distribution
system to absorb traffic and solve network congestion problems.
Scenario 2: high traffic site, near the base station traffic is not high.

Solution: If the drain of sectors with high traffic neighborhood,

causing the cell to switch to other mobile station has been unable to cut
out, resulting in congestion in this area; drain relations with neighboring
areas, you can check from the drive test data , also available from the
debug station "Unkown pilot" alarm was found. Organize data, a
reasonable increase in adjacent areas. If the congestion threshold is too
low cell handover target cell switch threshold is too high, leading to the
target area can not be cut, adjusting the parameters can be earnestly for
ease congestion. Check the congestion area, and the switching threshold
of the target cell, such as T_ADD, T_DROP and other parameters.

2.3 The lack of forward power

Scene 1: The base station prior to the power shortage, traffic is also
high
Solution: increase the carrier frequency or increase the site. Higher
density for the base station area, you can use micro-cellular structure and
indoor distribution system to absorb traffic and solve network congestion
problems.
Scenario 2: base station traffic between the carrier frequency of
greater difference in prior to the power load as well.
Solution: Open the hard assignment algorithm for load balancing
between the carrier frequency. If the hard assignment algorithm has been

opened, you can adjust the parameters of hard-assigned threshold, this

threshold can be reduced due emphasis on small, can play a role in better
balance. In the CDMA multi-carrier network, when the terminal access,
the system has been ruling issued by sector from access to the terminal
ECAM message service channel assigned to the access frequency of a
particular sector, so that the call in on the specified frequency. The
business decision to end the system channel assignment to a particular
frequency on the process, called multi-carrier assignment, also called
hard assignment. Huawei's multi-carrier network, launched after
hard-assignment algorithm, then System data show that the load among
the various carriers is generally balanced.
Hard assignment strategy is usually based on a balanced power load
between the load of each carrier, and in most cases, the carrier power and
walsh resources are consistent.
Details, refer to "CDMA performance characteristics of volumes."
Scene 3: The base station is not the carrier frequency difference
between traffic near the base station traffic is not high.
Solution: If the drain of sectors with high traffic neighborhood,
causing the cell to switch to other mobile station has been unable to cut
out, resulting in congestion in this area; drain relations with neighboring
areas, you can check from the drive test data , also available from the
debug station "Unkown pilot" alarm was found. Organize data, a

reasonable increase in adjacent areas. If the congestion threshold is too

low cell handover target cell switch threshold is too high, leading to the
target area can not be cut, adjusting the parameters can be earnestly for
ease congestion. Check the congestion area, and the switching threshold
of the target cell, such as T_ADD, T_DROP and other parameters.

2.4 The lack of resources paging channel

Scene 1: LAC Planning paging channel congestion caused by
unreasonable
Solution: LAC area planning should not be too large, the same time,
LAC zone boundaries should not be located in high traffic area or a larger
flow of people traffic arteries; Planning for the LAC unreasonable
congestion caused by the paging channel should be re-adjust the size and
boundary LAC.
Scene 2: The traffic congestion caused by high paging channel
Solution: increase the carrier frequency or increase the site address
paging channel congestion.
Scene 3: The paging system paging channel congestion caused by
unreasonable
Solution: The LAC division, and then extended by LAC paging and
related operations in the MSC need to configure the LAC mainly adjacent
relationship.

Scene 4: SMS paging channel congestion caused by

Solution 1: reduce the text to go in the MSC side of the business of
the trigger channel threshold (default is 70 bytes), reduce the message on
the paging channel occupancy. For example, short message, we
recommend using "first in accordance with LAC paging location, and
then send a short message in a particular area" strategy, avoiding direct
pager to send short messages.
Solution 2: In the case of low traffic can be increased according to the
actual situation of the number of paging channel, but should be
considered for other resources (will take forward power, Walsh code, etc.),
will be careful to increase; if it is because SP mass text messages
congestion caused by the paging channel, you can SMS traffic in the core
side through the radio controls to mitigate the side paging channel
congestion. Increase the paging channel, paging channel can multiply the
transmission capacity, but due to take forward paging channel power, will
cause the former to the EcIo variation, generally not recommended

2.5 access channel congestion

Scene 1 : REG_ZONE planning access channel congestion
caused by unreasonable
Solutions: Solutions: REG_ZONE planning should not be too small,
the boundary should not be located at the same time REG_ZONE high

traffic area or a large flow of people traffic. Planning for the REG_ZONE
unreasonable access channel due to congestion, should re-adjust the size
and boundary REG_ZONE solve the congestion.
Scene 2: The user registration mechanism to set reasonable access
channel congestion caused by
Solution: If TOTAL ZONE set too small, when the user is more than
one location area boundary, the registration will be frequent, and you
should adjust TOTAL ZONE according to the actual size. Modify the
SPM message Total_Zone and Zone_Timer.

2.6 transmission link lack of resources

Expansion of a corresponding increase in resources.

2. 7BSC lack of resources of the plates

Scenario 1: large traffic
Solution: For the BSC the signal processing board, the frame
processing board, vocoder and PCF panels overload, insufficient
resources, can increase the expansion plates to solve the corresponding
BSC congestion.
Huawei M2000 observed by the method of indicators would monitor
the system.
For example: Abis port bandwidth utilization, RP port bandwidth

usage, etc.;
Or table view in the alarm warning CPU load; can also start the Abis
LMT port traffic monitoring to determine whether the limited
transmission resources.
Scene 2: Some parameters unreasonable, such as REG_PRD set too
small, the larger the user, the registration plate number of signaling
processing load caused by too much high and related signaling link
congestion.
Solution: Increase REG_PRD, Huawei proposed for 2 hours.