Tutorial 1

1.

Find the mean, median and mode for the following observations:
2.3 3.6

2.6

2.8

3.2

3.6

4.3

5.2

6.9

2.8 3.6

2.

The following data are direct solar intensity measurements (watts/m2)

on different days at a location in southern Spain: 562, 869, 708, 775,
775, 704, 809, 856, 655, 806, 878, 909, 918, 558, 768, 870, 918, 940,
946, 661, 820, 898, 935, 952, 957, 693, 835, 905, 939, 955, 960, 498,
653, 730, 753. Calculate the sample mean, sample variance and
sample standard deviation.

3.

The cold start ignition time of an automobile engine is being

investigated by a gasoline manufacturer. The following times
(in seconds) were obtained: 1.99, 3.13, 3.26, 2.65, 0.85, 2.87,
5.96, 2.46, 1.89 and 3.35.
i.
ii.

4.

The average age of the football players on each team of the premier
league are as follows.
29.4
29.8
29.4
31.8
32.7
34.0

i.
ii.
iii.
5.

Calculate the sample mean, sample variance and sample

standard deviation.
Construct a box-plot of these data.

28.5

27.9

30.9

29.3

28.8

28.6

29.1

31.0

30.7

30.3

29.7

31.0

28.4

28.9

27.7

28.7

30.5

29.8

26.6

27.9

27.9

29.9

29.3

28.1

Construct a stem-and-leaf display for these data;

Find the mode and the mean of the data;
Construct a box-plot for these data.

The following data are the joint temperatures of the O-rings (F) for
each test firing or actual launch of the space shuttle rocket motor
(from Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger
Accident, Vol. 1, pp. 129131): 84, 49, 61, 40, 83, 67, 45, 66, 70, 69,
80, 58, 68, 60, 67, 72, 73, 70, 57, 63, 70, 78, 52, 67, 53, 67, 75, 61, 70,
81, 76, 79, 75, 76, 58, 31.
i.
Calculate the median, the quartiles and the IQR;
ii.
Construct a box plot of the data and comment on the possible
presence of outliers.

RR/Tutorial Part 1/Sept. 2014.

Tutorial 2
1.

The compact discs from a certain supplier are analyzed for scratch and
shock resistance. The results from 100 discs tested are summarized as
follows:

Shock
Resistanc
e

High
Mediu
m
Low

Scratch
Resistance
Hig
Low
h
30
10
22
8
25

Let A denote the event that a disc has high shock resistance, and B
denote the event that a disc has high scratch resistance. If sample is
selected at random, determine the following probabilities:
(a) P(A)

(b) P(B)

(c) P(B)

(d) P(AUB)

B)
(f) P(AUB) (g)
2.

(h)

P(A

P ( B A)

A box contains 3 black and 4 while balls. Two balls are drawn at
random one at a time
without replacement.
(i)
(ii)

3.

P( A B)

(e)

What is the probability that a second ball drawn is black?

What is the conditional probability that first ball drawn is black if
the second ball is known to be black?

In a group of 22 players of Harimau Malaya team, only 7 of them are

totally fit for the Asian game tournament and every person of the
remaining 15 players has either knee injury or flue fever or both.
However 8 of the players have knee injuries and 10 have flu fever. Let
A be the event of knee injuries and B be the event of flu fever. If one of
them selected randomly from this group, what is the probability that he
has
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

both, knee injury and high flu fever?]

knee injury only?
flu fever only?
either knee injury or flu fever?

4.

An agricultural research establishment grows vegetables and grades

each one as either good or bad for taste, good or bad for its size, and
good or bad for its appearance. Overall, 78% of the vegetables have a
good taste. However, only 69% of the vegetables have both a good
taste and a good size. Also, 5% of the vegetables have a good taste
and a good appearance, but a bad size. Finally, 84% of the vegetables
have either a good size or a good appearance.
i.
ii.

5.

if a vegetable has a good taste, what is the probability that it

also has a good size?
if a vegetable has a bad size and a bad appearance, what is the
probability that it has a good taste?

Three machines M1, M2 and M3 produce identical items of their

respective output 5%, 4% and 3% of the items are faulty. On a
certain day M1 has produced 25%, M2 has produced 30% and M3 has
produced 45% of the total output. An item selected at random is found
to be faulty. What are the chances that it was produced by M3?

oooOOOooo

RR/Tutorial Part 1/Sept. 2014.

Tutorial 3
1.

At UTP, the business students run an investment club. Each semester

they create investment portfolios in multiples of RM1,000 each.
Records from the past several years show the following probabilities of
profits (rounded to the nearest RM50). In the table below, x = profit per
RM1, 000 and P(x) is the probability of earning that profit.
x
0
50 10 15 20
0 0 0
0.1 0.3
5
5
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

2.

k 0.
2

0.0
5

Determine the value of k that results in a valid probability

distribution.
The profit per RM1, 000 is a random variable. Is it discrete or
continuous? Explain.
Find the expected value of the profit in a $1,000 portfolio.
Find the standard deviation of the profit.
What is the probability of a profit of $150 or more in a RM1, 000
portfolio?

The output of a chemical process is continually monitored to

ensure that the concentration remains within acceptable limits.
Whenever the concentration drifts outside the limits, the process is
shut down and recalibrated. Let x be the number of times in a given
week that the process is calibrated. The probability function f (x) is
given below.
x

f
(x)

0.17

0.36

0.13

0.03

i. Is this a continuous or discrete distribution?

ii.
Determine the value of k that results in a valid probability
distribution.
iii.
Find the mean of x.
iv.
Find the variance of x .
v.
What is the probability that the process is recalibrated fewer
than two
times during a week?

3.

Let X be a continuous random variable with pdf given by

k (1 x ) , 1 x 1

f ( x)

, elsewhere

Find
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

4.

the value of constant k;

P(X < 0.5);
the mean of X;
the standard deviation of X;
cumulative distribution function of X.

Let X be continuous random variable with the following distribution

f ( x)

( x 2) 2
1
exp
8
8

i.
What are the mean and the variance of X without calculation?
ii.
What is the transformation needed to change the mean of
and the variance
of X to 1?

iii.

5.

Without calculation, find the value of

x2

exp

Let X be a continuous random variable with pdf given by

kx 2

f ( x)

,0 x 3
, elsewhere

Find
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

the value of constant k;

the cdf, F(x);
P(X >1)
the mean of X; and
the variance of X.

dx.

oooOOOooo
RR/Tutorial Part 1/Sept. 2014.

Tutorial 4
1.

The probability of successfully landing a plane using a flight simulator

is given as 0.70. Nine randomly and independently chosen student
pilots are asked to try to fly the plane using the simulator.
i.
ii.
iii.

2.

What is the probability that all the student pilots successfully land
the plane using the simulator?
What is the probability that none of the student pilots successfully
lands the plane using the simulator?
What is the probability that exactly eight of the student pilots
successfully land the plane using the simulator?

At the Mc Donald drive-thru window of food establishment, it was found

that during slower periods of the day, vehicles visited at the rate of 15
per hour. Determine the probability that
i. no vehicles visiting the drive-thru within a ten-minute interval
during one of these slow periods;
ii. only 3 vehicles visiting the drive-thru within a ten-minute interval
during one of these slow periods; and
iii. at least three vehicles visiting the drive-thru within a ten-minute
interval during one of these slow periods.

3.

The number of cracks in a section of PLUS highway that are significant

enough to require repair is assumed to follow a Poisson distribution
with a mean of two cracks per kilometer. Determine the probability
that
i. there are no cracks at all in 2km of highway;
ii. at least one crack in 500meter of highway; and
iii. there are exactly 3 cracks in 0.5km of highway.

4.

Suppose a random variable, X has a uniform distribution with a = 5 and b =

9. Determine,
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.

the pdf of X;
the cdf of X;
P(6 < X < 8).
P(X < 7).
the mean of X; and
the standard deviation of X.

5.

The time between telephone calls to ASTRO, a cable television

payment processing center follows an exponential distribution with a
mean of 1.5 minutes. What is the probability that the time between the
next two calls
i.
ii.
iii.

6.

at least 45 seconds?
will be between 50 to 100 seconds?; and
at most 150 seconds?

An average LCD Projector bulb manufactured by the ABC Corporation

lasts 300 days with variance of 2500days. By assuming that the bulb
life is normally distributed, what is the probability that the bulb will last
i.
ii.
iii.

at most 365 days?

between 250days and 350days?
at least 400days?

oooOOOooo

RR/Tutorial Part 1/Sept. 2014.

Tutorial 5
1.

2.

Given that X is normally distributed with mean 20 and standard

deviation 2, compute the following for n=40.
i.
Mean and variance of X
P ( X 19)
ii.
P ( X 22)
iii.
P (19 X 21.5)
iv.
Let X denote the number of flaws in a 1 in length of copper wire. The
pmf of X is given in the following table
X=x
P(X=x)

0
0.4
8

1
0.39

2
0.12

3
0.01

100 wires are sampled from this population. What is the probability
that the average number of flaws per wire in this sample is less than
0.5?
3.

At a large university, the mean age of the students is 22.3 years, and
the standard deviation is 4 years. A random sample of 64 students is
drawn. What is the probability that the average age of these students
is greater than 23 years?

4.

Suppose that a sample of n = 1,600 tires of the same type are

obtained at random from an ongoing production process in which 8% of
all such tires produced are defective. What is the probability that in
such a sample 150 or fewer tires will be defective?

5.

Suppose that at a certain automobile plant the average number of

work stoppages per day due to equipment problems during the
production process is 12.0.What is the approximate probability of
having 15 or fewer work stoppages due to equipment problems on any
given day?

6.

The number of cars arriving per minute at a toll booth on a particular

bridge is Poisson distributed with a mean of 2.5.What is the probability
that in any given minute
i.
ii.

no cars arrive?
not more than two cars arrive?

If the expected number of cars arriving at the toll booth per ten-minute
interval is 25.0, what is the approximate probability that in any given
ten-minute period
iii.
not more than 20 cars arrive?
iv.
between 20 and 30 cars arrive?

7.

The overall length of a skew used in a knee replacement device is

monitored using
and R charts. The following table gives the length
for 20 samples of size 4. (Measurements are coded from 2.00 mm; that
is, 15 is 2.15 mm.
Observatio
n

Observatio
n

Samp
Samp
le
1 2 3 4
le
1 2 3 4

i.

1 1 1 1
6 8 5 3

11

1 1 1 1
4 4 5 3

1 1 1 1
6 5 7 6

12

1 1 1 1
5 3 5 6

1 1 2 1
5 6 0 6

13

1 1 1 1
3 7 6 5

1 1 1 1
4 6 4 2

14

1 1 1 2
1 4 4 1

1 1 1 1
4 5 3 6

15

1 1 1 1
4 5 4 3

1 1 1 1
6 4 6 5

16

1 1 1 1
8 5 6 4

1 1 1 1
6 6 4 5

17

1 1 1 1
4 6 9 6

1 1 1 1
7 3 7 6

18

1 1 1 1
6 4 3 9

1 1 1 1
5 1 3 6

19

1 1 1 1
7 9 7 3

10

1 1 1 1
5 8 4 3

20

1 1 1 1
2 5 2 7

Using all the data, find trial control limits for

construct the chart,

and R charts,

ii.

iii.
iv.

8.

and plot the data.

Use the trial control limits from part (a) to identify out-of-control
points. If necessary, revise your control limits, assuming that any
samples that plot outside the control limits can be eliminated.
Assuming that the process is in control, estimate the process
mean and process standard deviation.

Astro Electronics division uses statistical quality control tools to

ensure proper weld strength in several of their welding
procedures. Weld strength is measured by a pull test to
destruction. A sample of five items is taken periodically
throughout the production process. The average and the range of
22 samples are listed and given in table below:

i.
ii.
iii.

Sample
number

Sample
mean

Sample
range

Sample
number

Sample
mean

Sample
range

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

5.48
5.42
5.42
5.40
5.52
5.32
5.34
5.58
4.54
5.42
5.58

1.4
1.6
1.4
0.5
1.7
0.7
1.6
1.2
0.6
1.6
0.5

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

5.06
4.82
4.86
4.68
5.28
4.68
4.94
4.90
4.96
5.06
5.22

1.4
1.9
1.3
0.9
1.6
1.1
0.6
1.0
0.7
1.8
0.8

Use the given data to construct the X - chart and the R chart.
Interpret your results and comment on the stability of the
process.
Assuming that the process is in control, estimate the process
mean and process standard deviation.

oooOOOooo

RR/Tutorial Part 1/Sept. 2014.