World Steel in Figures 2014 PDF

WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2014
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword .....................................................................................3
Safety and health .........................................................................4
Life cycle thinking .........................................................................5
Key facts about steel ....................................................................6
World crude steel production, 1950 to 2013 ..................................7
Top steel-producing companies, 2013 ...........................................8
Major steel-producing countries, 2012 and 2013 ...........................9
Crude steel production by process, 2013 ....................................10
Continuously-cast steel output, 2011 to 2013 ............................. 11
Monthly crude steel production, 2010 to 2013 .............................12
Steel production and use: geographical distribution, 2003 ...........14
Steel production and use: geographical distribution, 2013 ............15
Apparent steel use, 2007 to 2013 ...............................................16
Apparent steel use per capita, 2007 to 2013 ............................... 17
Pig iron, 2012 and 2013 ..............................................................18
Direct reduced iron production, 2006 to 2013..............................19
Iron ore, 2012 .............................................................................20
World iron ore trade by area, 2013 ..............................................21
World trade in steel products, 1975 to 2013 .................................22
World volume of trade, 2000 to 2013 ..........................................22
World steel exports by product, 2008 to 2013 .............................23
World steel trade by area, 2013 ...................................................24
Major importers and exporters of steel, 2013 ...............................25
Trade in ferrous scrap, 2012 and 2013.........................................26
World trade in ferrous scrap by area, 2013 ..................................27
Indirect trade in steel, 2000 to 2012 ............................................28
Major indirect importers and exporters of steel, 2012 ...................28
True steel use, 2006 to 2012.......................................................29
Apparent and true steel use per capita, 2012...............................29
FOREWORD
Despite the fact that 2013 again proved to be challenging for the steel
industry with issues relating to overcapacity and raw materials costs,
world steel demand still grew by 3.6%. World crude steel production
totalled 1,606 million tonnes (Mt) for the year, a record high for our
industry.
The demand forecasts for 2014 provide an important insight to changing
economic forces. Where the developing world was the primary
driving force in steel demand ever since 2008 and indeed also of
global economic global growth our expectations are that developed
economies will also contribute to growth in 2014 and 2015, with
developing economies showing a slower economic pace. This, along
with Chinas economic deceleration, is the reason for our slightly lower
global growth rate forecast of 3.1% for 2014 which we issued mid-April.
We have consistently said that steel is the key to sustainable
development for the world today and a key driver of tomorrows world
economy. It is worth reiterating this as so many regulators and politicians
around the world still seem surprised to discover this at the same
time as they load ever more regulation and cost onto steel and other
manufacturing activity. Only by creating new products do we create
primary wealth. All other activity needs this bedrock of wealth creation
to survive and prosper.
This year worldsteel initiated an industry-wide safety audit across
the steel industry on the occasion of the Steel Safety Day on 28 April.
This safety initiative coincided with the World Safety Day held by the
International Labour Organization. The audit focussed on identifying the
hazards responsible for safety incidents within the steel industry and
setting up an action plan to manage the hazards and risks for each site.
This is a very important initiative which received substantial support from
our membership.
I hope you will find this booklet useful. As in the past, it provides a
comprehensive overview of steel industry activities, stretching from
production to steel use to some indications of global trade flows. If you
have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Dr Edwin Basson
Director General
3
SAFETY AND HEALTH

Nothing is more important than the safety and health
of the people who work in the steel industry.
The safety and health commitment, made by the worldsteel Board

in 2006, is accompanied by a set of six principles:
All injuries and work-related illnesses can and must be prevented.
Management is responsible and accountable for safety
and health performance.
Employee engagement and training is essential.
Working safely is a condition of employment.
Excellence in safety and health supports excellent business results.
Safety and health must be integrated into all business management
processes.
worldsteel publishes the Safety and Health
Principles Guidance Booklet to help
steelmaking companies adopt and apply
these principles. In 2013, worldsteel issued
an updated version of this publication, with
additional definitions.
SAFETY AND HEALTH PRINCIPLES

AND DEFINITIONS
Guidance Book
The most important work in safety and health

is the collaborative effort of worldsteel member
companies to identify best practices in key risk
areas. Sharing serious incident investigations
and associated key learnings helps to avoid
repeat events. worldsteel reports on safety and
health trends using annual metrics submitted by members. This information
helps companies to prioritise implementation of best practices.
1
worldsteel has a Safety and Health Excellence Recognition programme.

This showcases practices that have had a clear impact in improving safety
and health. In 2013, three member companies received recognition for
their initiatives: ArcelorMittal, Gerdau and Tata Steel Europe. The 2014
recognitions will be announced at worldsteels annual conference in
October.
Prioritising safety is crucial. On 28 April this year worldsteel launched its
first Steel Safety Day with the aim of making the workplace even safer
than it is today.
LIFE CYCLE THINKING

The real environmental impact of a product can be measured
only through a life cycle assessment.
Life cycle assessment

To understand the environmental
performance of a product, its
entire life cycle needs to be taken
into consideration. A life cycle
assessment (LCA) of a steel
product looks at resources, energy
and emissions, from the raw
material extraction phase to its endof-life phase, including recycling
and disposal. LCA can be used to
identify priorities for improvements
in process operations and product
design and development.
worldsteel has developed and supports the use of a consistent, rigorous
and transparent LCA methodology to enable society and regulators
to make informed choices based on the real environmental impact of
products and processes.
Steel is 100% recyclable, which means it can be reprocessed into the
same material of the same quality again and again. Recycling accounts
for significant energy and raw materials savings: more than 1,400 kg of iron
ore, 740 kg of coal, and 120 kg of limestone are saved for every tonne of
steel scrap made into new steel.
Climate Action programme
The steel industry is committed to managing the challenges that climate
change brings. worldsteel encourages all its members, and indeed nonmember companies, to participate in its climate action programme, which
is the collection and reporting, on a confidential basis, of CO2 emissions
plant-by-plant using an agreed methodology (ISO 14404). It is crucial that
every steel plant in the world actively measures where it is today in terms
of CO2 emissions, if it is to establish the correct priorities for improvement
and to monitor progress in reducing its emissions
Steel is essential for low-carbon usage of transport, construction, housing
and power generation. Steel demand has been rising steadily in recent
years and will continue to do so, to support global development.
KEY FACTS ABOUT STEEL

In 2013, the world steel industry produced
1.6 billion tonnes of crude steel.
Steel is a cornerstone and key driver for the worlds economy.

The steel industry directly employs more than two million people
worldwide, plus two million contractors and four million people
in supporting industries. Including industries such as construction,
transport and energy, the steel industry is a source of employment
for more than 50 million people.
Steel is at the core of the green economy, in which economic
growth and environmental responsibility work hand in hand.
Steel is the main material used in delivering renewable energy: solar,
tidal and wind. Steel is 100% recyclable and can be used in new
products and applications amounting to significant energy and raw
material savings.
The amount of energy required to produce a tonne of steel has been
reduced by 50% in the past 30 years.
Steel is everywhere in our lives. No other material has the same
unique combination of strength, formability and versatility.
Steel surfaces are hygienic and easy to clean. Surgical and safety
equipment and commercial kitchens are all made with steel. Almost
200 billion cans of food are produced each year. Steel cans ensure
that food remains safe and nutritious while saving energy as refrigeration
is not needed.
Steel is an innovative and progressive industry committed to
the safety and health of its people.
The industry is committed to the goal of an injury-free workplace.
Safety metrics show that the lost-time injury frequency rate is decreasing.
Globally, the steel industry spends more than 12 billion per year
on process improvements, new product development and future
breakthrough technology.
Life cycle thinking: New solutions for new times.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) considers production, manufacture, use
phase and end of life recycling and disposal. Life cycle thinking leads to
immediate environmental benefit. LCA is easy to implement, cost effective
and produces affordable and beneficial solutions for material decisionmaking and product design.
WORLD CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION

1950 TO 2013
million tonnes
Years
World
2001
852
905
Years
World
2002
1970
595
2003
971
1975
644
2004
1,063
1980
717
2005
1,148
1985
719
2006
1,250
1990
770
2007
1,348
1995
753
2008
1,343
1996
751
2009
1,238
1997
800
2010
1,433
1998
779
2011
1,537
1999
790
2012
1,559
2000
850
2013
1,606
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
Average Growth Rates

% per annum
600
400
200
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
Years
World
1970-75
1975-80
1980-85
1985-90
1990-95
1995-00
2000-05
2005-10
2010-13
1.6
2.2
0.1
1.4
-0.5
2.4
6.2
4.5
3.9
2000
2010
TOP STEEL-PRODUCING COMPANIES

2013
million tonnes crude steel production
Rank
Company
ArcelorMittal (*)
Nippon Steel & Sumitomo

Metal Corporation (*)
(**)
Tonnage
Rank
96.1
26
Fangda Steel (2)
Company
13.2
50.1
27
Rizhao Steel
12.7
(*)
Tonnage
Hebei Steel Group
45.8
28
ThyssenKrupp
Baosteel Group (*)
43.9
29
MMK (*)
11.9
Wuhan Steel Group (*)
39.3
30
JSW Steel Limited (*)
11.8
POSCO (*)
38.4
31
Jiuquan Steel
11.2
Shagang Group
35.1
32
Baotou Steel
10.7
Ansteel Group (*)
33.7
33
Anyang Steel
10.3
Shougang Group (*)
31.5
34
Zongheng Steel
10.2
10
JFE (*)
31.2
35
Taiyuan Steel
10.0
11
Tata Steel Group (*)
25.3
36
Jingye Steel
9.7
12
Shandong Steel Group
22.8
37
Techint Group (*)
9.0
13
U. S. Steel (*)
20.4
38
Jinxi Steel
8.7
14
Nucor Corporation (*)
20.2
Xinyu Steel
8.5
15
Tianjin Bohai Steel (1)
19.3
Zenith Steel
8.5
16
Gerdau (*)
19.0
40
Erdemir Group (*)
8.3
17
Maanshan Steel
18.8
41
Sanming Steel
8.2
18
Hyundai Steel (*)
17.2
42
Guofeng Steel
8.1
19
Benxi Steel
16.8
Shaanxi Steel
8.0
20
Evraz Group (*)
16.1
voestalpine Group (*)
8.0
21
Severstal (*)
15.7
44
ISD Corporation
7.9
22
NLMK (*)
15.5
45
Citic Pacifi c
7.7
23
Valin Group
15.0
46
Riva Forni Elettrici SpA (*)(3)
7.6
Metinvest (*)
14.3
47
Kobe Steel Ltd. (*)
7.5
Jianlong Group
14.3
48
CELSA Group (*)
7.0
IMIDRO (*)
14.3
49
Usiminas (*)
6.9
China Steel Corporation (*)
14.3
Essar Steel (*)
6.1
SAIL (*)
13.5
Nanjing Steel
6.1
24
25
12.5
39
43
50
* worldsteel members
** Handan, which is part of Hebei Group, is a member of worldsteel
(1)
Some Chinese companies consolidated to form Tianjin Bohai Steel in 2013
(2)
Pingxiang and Jiujiang were merged with Fangda Steel at the end of 2012
(3)
RIVA Fire Group was split into ILVA SpA and Riva Forni Electtrici SpA in June 2013
Notes on company ownership and tonnage calculations:

For worldsteel members, the data was sourced from the official tonnage declaration.
For Chinese companies, the official CISA tonnage publication was used. In cases of
more than 50% ownership, 100% of the subsidiarys tonnage is included. In cases of
30% to 50% ownership, pro-rata tonnage is included. Unless otherwise specified,
less than 30% ownership is considered a minority interest and therefore not included.
For more details about worldsteel member company ownership and tonnage
calculations, go to worldsteel.org/statistics/top-producers.html
MAJOR STEEL-PRODUCING COUNTRIES

2012 AND 2013
Country
China
Japan
United States
India
Russia
South Korea
Germany
Turkey
Brazil
Ukraine
Italy
Taiwan, China
Mexico
France
Iran
Spain
Canada
United Kingdom
Austria
Poland
South Africa
Belgium
Egypt
Netherlands
Malaysia (e)
Vietnam (e)
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
Czech Republic
Australia
Slovak Republic
Sweden
Finland
Thailand (e)
Kazakhstan
Romania
United Arab Emirates
Indonesia (e)
Byelorussia
Qatar
Venezuela
Luxembourg
Portugal (e)
Switzerland (e)
Chile
Philippines (e)
North Korea
Colombia
Peru
Greece
Other
World
(e): estimate
2013
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
2012
Tonnage
779.0
110.6
86.9
81.2
68.7
66.1
42.6
34.7
34.2
32.8
24.1
22.3
18.2
15.7
15.4
13.8
12.4
11.9
8.0
8.0
7.2
7.1
6.8
6.7
5.9
5.6
5.5
5.2
5.2
4.7
4.5
4.4
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.0
2.9
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
13.0
1,606.0
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
19
22
21
24
23
25
26
27
29
28
30
31
32
33
35
34
36
38
40
37
42
39
41
43
46
44
49
48
47
51
50
Tonnage
731.0
107.2
88.7
77.3
70.4
69.1
42.7
35.9
34.5
33.0
27.3
20.7
18.1
15.6
14.5
13.6
13.5
9.6
7.4
8.4
6.9
7.3
6.6
6.9
5.6
5.3
5.2
5.0
5.1
4.9
4.4
4.3
3.8
3.3
3.7
3.3
2.4
2.3
2.7
2.1
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.5
1.7
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.0
1.2
14.0
1,559.2
CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION

BY PROCESS, 2013
Million
tonnes
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia (e)
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal (e)
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
European Union (27)
Turkey
Others
Other Europe
Russia
Ukraine
Other CIS
CIS
Canada
Mexico
United States
NAFTA
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Venezuela
Others
Central and South America
Egypt (e)
South Africa
Other Africa
Africa
Iran
Saudi Arabia
Other Middle East
Middle East
China
India (e)
Japan
South Korea
Taiwan, China
Other Asia
Asia
Australia
New Zealand
Total of above countries
(e): estimate
10
8.0
7.1
0.5
0.1
5.2
3.5
15.7
42.6
1.0
0.9
24.1
0.2
2.1
6.7
8.0
2.1
3.0
4.5
0.6
13.8
4.4
11.9
165.9
34.7
2.6
37.3
68.7
32.8
6.8
108.3
12.4
18.2
86.9
117.5
5.2
34.2
1.3
2.1
4.1
46.9
6.8
7.2
2.0
15.9
15.4
5.5
2.5
23.4
779.0
81.2
110.6
66.1
22.3
20.3
1,079.5
4.7
0.9
1,600.3
Oxygen
%
91.6
66.5
92.9
63.1
65.0
68.4
84.3
28.2
98.0
55.3
54.4
92.5
30.5
67.8
83.6
60.2
28.7
15.0
27.7
66.3
74.0
43.5
67.2
55.1
29.3
39.4
39.5
48.8
74.9
65.4
9.1
62.6
8.0
59.6
22.2
33.0
13.1
8.6
90.5
31.5
77.5
61.0
53.6
80.5
77.7
67.9
71.2
Electric Open hearth

%
%
8.4
33.5
100.0
100.0
7.1
36.9
35.0
31.6
100.0
15.7
71.8
100.0
100.0
2.0
44.7
100.0
45.6
7.5
100.0
69.5
32.2
16.4
39.8
71.3
85.0
72.3
30.2
6.0
56.5
24.5
44.9
70.7
60.6
60.5
51.2
25.1
34.6
100.0
90.9
37.4
92.0
40.4
77.8
67.0
86.9
100.0
100.0
91.4
9.5
68.3
22.5
39.0
46.4
100.0
19.4
22.3
32.1
28.2
3.5
20.0
8.3
0.2
0.0
0.6
Other
%
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total
%
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
The countries in this table accounted for more than 99% of world crude steel production in 2013.
CONTINUOUSLY-CAST STEEL OUTPUT

2011 TO 2013
Million tonnes
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia (e)
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal (e)
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
European Union (27)
Turkey
Others
Other Europe
Russia
Ukraine
Other CIS
CIS
Canada
Mexico
United States
NAFTA
Argentina
Brazil
Venezuela
Other Latin America
Egypt (e)
South Africa
Other Africa
Africa
Iran
Saudi Arabia
Other Middle East
Middle East
China
India (e)
Japan
South Korea
Taiwn. China
Other Asia
Asia
Australia
New Zealand
Total of above countries
(e): estimate
% Crude steel output
2011
2012
2013
2011
2012
2013
7.2
8.0
0.8
5.0
4.0
15.0
42.6
1.9
1.7
27.4
0.6
2.5
6.8
8.6
1.9
3.7
4.2
0.5
15.1
4.2
9.3
171.1
34.1
2.7
36.8
55.6
19.0
8.5
83.0
12.7
18.1
84.5
115.2
5.6
34.1
3.0
5.0
47.7
6.5
7.5
1.5
15.5
13.2
5.3
2.3
20.8
690.5
56.9
105.5
67.2
19.4
15.8
955.2
6.3
0.8
1,452.7
7.1
7.3
0.6
4.6
3.7
15.0
41.2
1.2
1.5
26.0
0.8
2.2
6.7
8.2
1.9
3.2
4.4
0.5
13.2
3.8
9.4
162.9
35.9
2.8
38.7
56.8
17.8
7.5
82.1
13.1
18.0
87.5
118.6
5.0
33.6
2.4
5.2
46.1
6.6
6.9
1.7
15.2
14.5
5.2
2.4
22.1
720.1
62.3
105.4
67.9
20.6
13.1
989.4
4.8
0.9
1,480.9
7.7
7.1
0.5
4.7
3.5
15.1
41.3
1.0
0.9
22.9
0.2
2.1
6.6
7.8
2.0
2.9
4.5
0.5
13.5
3.9
11.7
160.4
34.7
3.0
37.6
56.1
17.7
6.6
80.4
12.1
18.2
85.8
116.0
5.2
33.4
2.1
5.2
45.9
6.8
7.1
2.0
15.8
15.4
5.5
2.5
23.4
767.4
66.2
108.9
65.0
22.2
13.5
1 043.3
4.6
0.9
1,528.4
95.8
100.0
100.0
90.1
99.5
95.3
96.3
100.0
100.0
95.2
100.0
100.0
97.5
97.4
99.0
96.4
99.7
81.8
97.4
86.9
97.8
96.3
100.0
99.0
99.9
80.7
53.9
99.7
73.7
98.5
99.8
97.8
98.2
99.8
96.7
100.0
94.6
97.0
100.0
99.4
99.6
99.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.4
77.4
98.1
98.1
96.2
100.0
96.7
99.1
100.0
95.3
96.2
100.0
99.1
91.1
99.5
96.1
96.7
100.0
100.0
95.4
100.0
100.0
98.0
98.0
99.0
97.2
99.7
82.6
97.1
87.2
98.0
96.6
100.0
99.2
99.9
80.7
53.9
99.8
74.0
97.2
99.9
98.6
98.6
99.7
97.3
100.0
94.5
97.4
100.0
99.5
99.6
99.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.5
80.6
98.3
98.3
99.6
100.0
97.2
98.7
100.0
95.7
96.4
100.0
100.0
91.1
99.5
96.3
96.9
100.0
100.0
95.1
100.0
100.0
98.0
97.9
99.5
97.2
99.7
82.3
97.7
87.6
98.7
96.7
100.0
99.6
100.0
81.7
54.0
99.9
74.4
97.1
99.7
98.8
98.7
99.7
97.9
100.0
95.6
97.9
100.0
99.7
99.7
99.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.5
81.5
98.5
98.4
99.6
100.0
97.3
98.8
100.0
95.9
The countries in this table accounted for more than 99% of world crude steel production in 2013.
11
MONTHLY CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION

2010 TO 2013
million tonnes
Total 65 reporting countries
145
135
125
115
actual data
deseasonalised data
105
2010
2011
2012
2013
European Union (27)

17
actual data
deseasonalised data
15
13
11
2010
2011
2012
2013
CIS (6)
10
8
actual data
deseasonalised data
7
2010
2011
2012
2013
The 65 reporting countries

Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil,
Bulgaria, Byelorussia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Czech
Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Guatemala, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Libya,
Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, New
Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia,
Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea,
Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, China, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab
Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, and Venezuela.
In 2013, these 65 countries accounted for more than 98% of world crude steel
production.
12
million tonnes
NAFTA
11
10
9
actual data
deseasonalised data
8
2010
2011
2012
2013

7
5
actual data
deseasonalised data
4
2010
2011
2012
2013
Japan
11
actual data
deseasonalised data
10
8
2010
2011
2012
2013
China
70
60
50
actual data
deseasonalised data
40
2010
2011
2012
2013
13
STEEL PRODUCTION AND USE:

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
2003
Crude steel production
World total: 972 million tonnes
Other Asia
11.4%
Others
8.5%
EU-27
19.8%
Japan
11.4%
CIS
11.0%
China
22.9%
Others comprise:
Africa
Middle East
1.7 %
1.4 %
Other Europe
2.3%
NAFTA
12.8%

Australia and New Zealand
4.6%
0.9 %
Apparent steel use (finished steel products)

World total: 880 million tonnes
Others
9.0%
EU-27
18.1%
Other Asia
15.9%
Other Europe
2.1%
CIS
4.2%
Japan
8.3%
China
27.3%
NAFTA
14.9%
Others comprise:
Africa
2.1%
Middle East
2.9%
14

3.3%
0.8%
STEEL PRODUCTION AND USE:

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
2013
Crude steel production
World total: 1,606 million tonnes
Other Europe
2.4%
Others
Other Asia 5.9%
11.9%
Japan
6.9%
CIS
6.7%
EU-27
10.3%
NAFTA
7.3%
China
48.5%
Others comprise:
Africa
Middle East
1.0%
1.6%

2.9%
0.3%
Apparent steel use (finished steel products)

World total: 1,481 million tonnes
Other Asia
14.8%
Others
9.0%
EU-27
9.3%
Other Europe
2.5%
CIS
4.0%
NAFTA
8.7%
Japan
4.4%
China
47.3%
Others comprise:
Africa
Middle East
2.0%
3.2%

3.3%
0.4%
15
APPARENT STEEL USE

2007 TO 2013
million tonnes finished steel products
Austria
Belgium-Luxembourg
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Other EU
European Union (27)
Turkey
Others
Other Europe
Russia
Ukraine
Other CIS
CIS
Canada
Mexico
United States
NAFTA
Argentina
Brazil
Venezuela
Others
Egypt
South Africa
Other Africa
Africa
Iran
Other Middle East
Middle East
China
India
Japan
South Korea
Taiwan, China
Other Asia
Asia
World
16
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
4.1
5.6
6.6
16.6
42.7
35.9
4.1
12.1
5.6
24.5
4.9
12.8
23.9
199.5
23.8
8.1
31.9
40.4
8.1
7.9
56.4
15.5
17.9
108.3
141.7
4.6
22.1
3.6
11.0
41.3
5.5
5.8
9.5
20.7
18.5
25.0
43.6
418.4
51.5
81.2
55.2
18.1
52.6
676.9
8.3
1,220.2
4.0
5.4
6.5
15.3
42.4
33.3
4.3
11.5
5.2
18.0
4.3
11.8
21.8
183.8
21.5
6.1
27.6
35.4
6.9
7.7
50.0
14.7
17.4
98.4
130.5
4.8
24.0
3.4
11.8
44.1
6.5
6.1
11.6
24.3
14.9
30.9
45.8
446.9
51.4
78.0
58.6
16.9
52.8
704.6
8.4
1,219.1
3.2
4.1
4.5
11.0
28.2
20.1
2.9
8.2
2.6
11.9
2.6
7.0
13.3
119.6
18.0
5.9
23.9
24.9
3.8
7.2
36.0
9.5
14.8
59.2
83.5
3.2
18.6
2.7
9.3
33.8
9.4
4.5
13.1
26.9
17.2
25.7
42.9
551.4
57.9
52.8
45.4
11.3
51.0
769.8
6.0
1,142.4
3.6
4.6
5.5
13.1
36.2
25.7
3.2
10.0
3.3
13.1
3.6
8.8
14.1
144.7
23.6
6.0
29.6
35.6
5.5
7.2
48.3
14.1
17.2
79.9
111.2
4.6
26.1
2.3
11.7
44.7
8.6
5.0
11.2
24.8
19.5
27.5
47.1
587.6
64.9
63.6
52.4
17.8
56.9
843.2
7.8
1,301.4
4.0
5.0
6.1
14.0
40.7
26.5
3.6
11.0
3.8
13.1
3.9
9.0
14.1
154.8
26.9
6.5
33.4
40.9
6.3
7.6
54.7
14.2
18.3
89.2
121.7
5.3
25.0
2.6
12.8
45.8
7.5
5.3
12.0
24.9
20.9
28.6
49.6
641.2
69.8
64.1
56.4
18.1
62.3
911.9
6.9
1,403.6
3.8
4.5
5.9
12.6
37.5
21.5
3.4
10.4
3.3
10.5
3.5
8.4
13.4
138.6
28.5
6.3
34.7
42.3
6.3
8.9
57.5
15.6
20.4
96.2
132.2
4.9
25.2
3.0
14.1
47.2
8.0
5.4
13.0
26.4
18.2
30.2
48.3
660.1
72.4
63.9
54.1
17.8
69.4
937.6
7.2
1,429.8
3.5
4.3
5.8
12.5
37.7
21.6
3.4
10.2
3.4
10.4
3.5
8.1
13.9
138.3
31.3
6.4
37.7
43.0
5.6
10.2
58.8
14.9
18.6
95.6
129.0
5.1
26.4
2.8
15.0
49.3
7.6
5.4
16.0
29.0
16.7
31.1
47.8
700.2
73.7
65.3
51.6
18.5
75.7
984.9
6.6
1,481.4
APPARENT STEEL USE PER CAPITA

2007 TO 2013
kilogrammes finished steel products
Austria
Belgium-Luxembourg
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Romania
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Other EU
European Union (27)
Turkey
Others
Other Europe
Russia
Ukraine
Other CIS
CIS
Canada
Mexico
United States
NAFTA
Argentina
Brazil
Venezuela
Others
Egypt
South Africa
Other Africa
Africa
Iran
Other Middle East
Middle East
China
India
Japan
South Korea
Taiwan, China
Other Asia
Asia
World
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
498.6
508.4
636.8
269.2
517.7
603.9
250.8
315.6
257.4
549.3
530.0
210.7
339.5
403.1
339.6
210.7
295.5
281.8
174.0
115.5
218.3
470.4
164.0
358.2
318.8
117.3
116.2
132.2
61.7
93.6
71.0
118.9
19.6
34.1
259.4
250.7
221.8
316.6
43.9
641.7
1,162.2
787.1
57.6
187.8
326.1
197.4
479.3
487.0
629.8
246.8
513.7
555.8
260.9
301.3
239.4
398.6
469.8
192.9
308.3
370.0
302.5
199.1
267.3
247.4
149.5
111.8
193.7
440.4
157.1
322.7
290.6
120.5
125.5
121.2
66.3
98.9
83.5
124.2
23.5
39.1
205.6
299.1
227.3
336.4
43.2
616.0
1,227.0
733.0
57.2
193.6
322.8
195.3
385.9
367.4
431.6
176.1
342.2
333.2
175.1
214.2
122.8
260.2
275.9
113.6
187.8
239.8
250.9
161.1
220.5
174.4
84.1
103.0
139.2
283.1
132.0
192.4
184.2
80.0
96.1
94.1
51.6
75.0
117.4
89.6
25.9
42.4
235.0
229.4
207.6
413.1
47.9
417.1
946.8
487.2
54.5
209.5
225.0
180.9
433.8
410.0
526.1
208.1
440.3
423.6
190.2
260.0
152.9
283.6
388.1
141.7
198.6
289.1
323.9
163.4
270.0
249.2
120.5
103.1
186.9
414.2
152.1
257.4
243.0
114.3
133.9
78.2
63.8
98.1
106.2
99.8
21.6
38.2
264.3
239.9
222.7
438.0
53.0
502.4
1,087.3
766.3
60.2
227.3
288.6
204.0
470.6
446.3
575.5
222.0
495.5
436.1
218.0
287.8
175.6
282.3
412.3
144.5
198.3
308.4
365.7
175.5
302.3
286.0
140.1
106.8
211.5
412.6
159.3
284.9
263.2
130.9
127.3
88.5
69.1
99.4
91.2
105.4
22.6
37.4
280.0
239.4
229.5
475.8
56.2
506.7
1,165.3
777.9
65.1
243.5
248.8
217.7
445.5
396.1
553.7
198.0
457.3
352.8
203.4
271.6
155.3
224.2
368.8
134.4
188.1
275.4
381.9
170.1
311.7
296.5
139.8
125.1
222.1
449.2
175.8
304.6
283.3
119.8
126.9
100.0
75.2
101.4
95.2
106.8
23.9
38.9
240.4
240.9
219.3
487.6
57.5
505.7
1,112.8
763.2
71.6
248.1
257.9
219.5
414.5
378.1
546.8
196.0
460.2
354.3
205.8
266.9
157.8
221.0
368.8
127.7
195.4
274.2
415.4
172.8
335.5
301.9
124.7
141.7
227.0
425.0
158.1
300.2
274.0
122.1
131.9
93.3
78.8
104.6
88.9
105.8
28.8
41.8
219.0
241.3
213.0
515.1
57.8
516.4
1,057.4
793.4
77.1
258.2
235.4
225.2
17
PIG IRON
2012 AND 2013
million tonnes
Austria
Belgium-Luxembourg
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Romania
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Other EU
European Union (27)
Turkey
Others
Other Europe
Kazakhstan
Russia
Ukraine
Other CIS
CIS
Canada
Mexico
United States
NAFTA
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Other Latin America
South Africa
Other Africa
Africa
Iran
Other Middle East
Middle East
China
India
Japan
South Korea
Taiwan, China
Other Asia
Asia
Australia
New Zealand
Other Oceania
Oceania
World
18
Production
Production
- Exports
+ Imports
2012
2013
2013
2013
Apparent
= Consumption
2013
5.8
4.1
3.9
2.1
9.5
27.0
1.2
9.4
5.9
4.0
1.6
3.5
3.1
2.8
7.2
91.2
8.6
1.2
9.8
2.8
50.5
28.5
81.9
7.7
4.6
32.1
44.3
2.1
26.9
1.1
0.4
30.5
4.6
0.9
5.5
2.1
2.1
670.1
48.0
81.4
41.7
11.8
1.7
854.7
3.7
0.7
4.4
1,124.3
6.2
4.3
4.0
2.1
10.3
27.2
0.6
6.9
5.7
4.0
1.3
3.6
3.9
2.9
9.5
92.6
9.2
1.2
10.4
2.8
50.1
29.1
82.0
6.1
4.9
30.3
41.3
2.6
26.2
0.8
0.4
30.0
4.9
0.9
5.8
2.0
2.0
709.0
50.3
83.8
41.0
13.3
1.7
899.1
3.5
0.7
4.2
1,167.3
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
3.9
2.3
0.0
6.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
2.7
0.0
2.7
0.6
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.2
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.5
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.0
1.5
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
3.4
1.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.3
4.1
4.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.1
1.0
0.8
0.6
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.1
6.2
4.4
4.0
2.1
10.4
27.5
0.6
8.4
5.8
4.1
1.4
3.6
4.2
2.9
9.5
0.0
95.1
10.1
1.2
11.4
2.8
46.2
26.8
0.1
75.9
6.1
5.2
34.4
45.6
2.7
23.5
0.8
0.4
27.3
4.3
0.9
5.2
2.0
0.1
2.1
709.0
49.2
83.7
42.0
14.1
2.0
900.1
3.5
0.7
0.0
4.2
1,166.9
DIRECT REDUCED IRON PRODUCTION

2006 TO 2013
million tonnes
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Germany
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.5
Sweden
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
European Union (27)
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.7
0.6
Russia
3.3
3.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
5.2
5.1
5.3
Canada
0.4
0.9
0.7
0.3
0.6
0.7
0.8
1.2
Mexico
6.2
6.3
6.0
4.1
5.4
5.9
5.6
6.1
United States
0.2
0.3
0.3
NAFTA
6.9
7.4
7.0
4.5
6.0
6.6
6.4
7.3
1.5
Argentina
1.9
1.8
1.8
0.8
1.6
1.7
1.6
Brazil
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.0
Peru
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Trinidad and Tobago
2.1
2.1
1.6
1.2
1.8
1.7
1.7
2.1
Venezuela
8.4
7.8
6.8
5.5
3.8
4.5
4.5
2.6
12.9
12.1
10.7
7.6
7.2
7.9
7.9
6.2
Egypt
2.8
2.8
2.6
3.1
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.4
Libya
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.1
1.3
0.2
0.5
1.0
Nigeria
0.2
0.2
South Africa
1.8
1.7
1.2
1.3
1.1
1.4
1.5
1.3 (e)
Africa
6.3
6.4
5.4
5.5
5.4
4.5
5.1
5.7
Iran
6.9
7.5
7.4
8.1
9.4
10.4
11.6
14.5
1.5 (e)
Oman
1.1
1.5
Qatar
0.9
1.2
1.7
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.4
Saudi Arabia
3.6
4.1
4.5
4.6
4.9
5.2
5.0
5.3

Middle East
1.2
1.8
2.7
3.1
11.4
12.8
13.6
14.8
17.7
20.8
23.1
26.7
China
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
India
15.0
20.1
20.9
23.4
24.8
21.3
15.6
14.6
Indonesia
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.2
0.5
0.6 (e)
Malaysia
1.3
1.9
2.0
2.4
2.4
2.9
2.3
2.4 (e)
Asia
17.7
23.5
24.2
27.0
28.5
25.4
18.5
17.6
World
59.2
66.4
66.0
64.5
70.0
70.9
66.8
69.6
(e): estimate
19
IRON ORE
2012
million tonnes actual weight
Fe
Content(1)
Austria
Belgium-Luxembourg
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Romania
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Other EU
European Union (27)
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Norway
Turkey
Other Europe
Europe
CIS
Canada
Mexico
United States
NAFTA
Brazil
Chile
Peru
Venezuela
Other America
Liberia
Mauritania
South Africa
Other Africa
Africa
Middle East
China(2)
India
Japan
South Korea
Other Asia
Asia
Australia
New Zealand and Other Oceania
World
(1)
(2)
20
(32)
(63)
..
(65)
..
..
(60)
(63)
(65)
(60)
(66)
(61)
(60)
(64)
..
(65)
(65)
..
..
(61)
(57)
..
..
(65)
..
Production
- Exports
+ Imports
= Apparent
Consumption
2.2
0.4
26.5
29.1
2.1
3.7
5.0
39.9
200.9
39.4
15.3
53.2
107.9
367.0
12.1
10.3
16.0
0.2
405.6
3.0
12.3
56.8
4.9
77.0
37.5
280.8
140.0
0.5
33.1
454.4
525.0
2.4
1,850.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
20.9
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
22.9
0.1
0.1
44.3
0.7
3.7
0.3
0.0
49.0
73.3
34.5
4.4
11.2
50.1
326.5
11.7
9.1
7.0
1.8
356.1
2.0
12.3
54.0
5.7
73.9
23.4
0.0
28.4
0.0
0.2
35.4
64.1
524.1
1.7
1,215.6
6.1
6.3
5.9
13.6
40.7
13.4
28.3
6.6
2.0
5.4
4.5
0.0
10.1
4.9
147.8
0.0
0.1
7.8
0.3
156.0
3.2
6.5
1.4
5.1
13.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.1
10.1
0.6
5.1
5.7
25.3
745.4
2.8
131.1
64.8
43.8
988.0
4.0
0.0
1,205.2
8.3
6.3
5.9
13.5
41.1
13.4
7.3
6.6
2.0
5.3
4.5
3.7
10.0
4.8
132.6
1.4
0.1
12.5
0.2
146.9
130.7
11.4
12.3
47.2
70.8
40.5
0.4
1.2
9.0
8.4
59.6
1.0
0.0
3.4
4.4
8.7
39.5
1,026.2
114.4
131.1
65.1
41.5
1,378.3
4.9
0.7
1,840.1
Of domestic production: percentage Fe of total weight

Production adjusted so that Fe content is similar to world average
WORLD IRON ORE TRADE BY AREA

2013
million tonnes actual weight
Other Europe
CIS
NAFTA
Africa and Middle East
Asia
Total imports
of which: extra-regional imports*
36.7
2.3
24.7
15.0
61.4
14.9
0.1
2.0
157.1
120.4
Other Europe
1.5
0.0
3.7
0.3
2.9
0.2
8.6
8.6
CIS
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.0
3.8
0.0
NAFTA
0.2
0.0
0.0
9.3
0.7
0.1
0.0
10.3
1.0
Other America
0.1
1.9
10.8
0.0
0.0
12.8
2.0
5.5
0.2
0.0
0.2
22.2
2.2
0.1
0.0
30.4
28.2
China
1.6
0.9
35.8
27.2 182.8
91.8
61.2 418.8
820.1
758.9
Japan
0.0
2.2
2.2
37.5
7.7
7.6
78.7
135.9
128.3
Other Asia
0.0
1.6
0.2
2.4
31.6
5.8
1.1 116.2
158.9
157.8
Oceania
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.7
1.1
1.0
45.5
5.0
70.4
58.7 349.9 122.8
8.9
5.0
66.6
49.3 339.1 120.6
-111.6
-3.5
66.6
48.3 337.2
Destination
European Union (27)
Total exports
of which:
extra-regional exports*
Net exports
(exports - imports)
Oceania
European Union (27)
Exporting Region
0.1
70.7 615.9 1,339.0 1,206.2

0.9 615.7 1,206.2
92.4 -88.2 614.8
* Excluding intra-regional trade marked
21
WORLD TRADE IN STEEL PRODUCTS

1975 TO 2013
million tonnes finished steel
Year
500
Exports
Production
Exports
share %
450
1975
114.7
506.9
400
1980
140.6
578.7
24.3
1985
171.0
599.0
28.5
350
22.6
1990
171.0
654.0
26.2
300
1991
177.1
660.1
26.8
250
1992
196.1
658.2
29.8
1993
222.5
665.0
33.5
1994
238.6
656.3
36.3
1995
246.6
685.0
36.0
100
1996
236.4
686.5
34.4
50
1997
267.9
729.5
36.7
1998
268.7
712.6
37.7
1999
280.8
724.9
38.7
200
150
10
05
20
00
20
95
20
90
19
85
19
80
19
19
19
75
Exports are of finished and

semi-finished steel products.
Production of finished steel,
where not available from national
sources, is calculated from
crude steel production, taking
into account the continuous
casting ratio.
2000
307.1
782.5
39.2
2001
300.4
784.9
38.3
38.2
2002
319.0
836.1
2003
332.3
898.1
37.0
2004
365.9
984.3
37.2
2005
371.0
1,064.2
34.9
2006
418.0
1,160.1
36.0
2007
444.9
1,252.4
35.5
2008
436.6
1,246.7
35.0
2009
327.3
1,151.5
28.4
2010
388.8
1,334.3
29.1
2011
416.6
1,432.4
29.1
2012
414.0
1,443.9
28.7
2013
409.4
1.499.8
27.3
WORLD VOLUME OF TRADE

2000 TO 2013
Quantum indices 2000 = 100
300
280
steel-containing manufactured goods

steel
all commodities
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
22
20
12
20
13
20
11
20
10
20
09
20
08
20
07
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
00
80
WORLD STEEL EXPORTS

BY PRODUCT 2008 TO 2013
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013 (e)
62.6
51.2
56.6
55.3
52.2
50.9
3.3
2.8
3.1
3.2
2.0
1.9
24.1
16.5
19.1
21.7
20.3
22.2
Concrete re-inforcing bars
26.1
21.8
18.8
18.6
12.0
20.5
Bars and rods, hot-rolled
16.8
7.6
11.4
13.0
14.5
17.4
Wire rod
21.9
16.6
19.4
20.7
21.1
24.3
Drawn wire
7.0
5.3
6.4
7.0
6.4
6.9
Other bars and rods
6.0
3.1
4.6
5.7
4.9
4.9
Hot-rolled strip
3.6
2.2
3.2
3.3
2.9
2.9
Ingots and semi-finished material

Railway track material
Angles, shapes and sections
Cold-rolled strip
Hot-rolled sheets and coils
3.9
3.0
3.8
3.7
3.5
3.4
60.8
50.0
60.6
60.7
60.1
61.7
Plates
38.1
24.0
29.5
31.1
29.6
27.7
Cold-rolled sheets and coils
29.5
24.9
30.9
31.8
30.1
31.1
Electrical sheet and strip
4.2
3.0
3.9
4.0
3.9
3.7
Tinmill products
6.1
5.2
6.2
5.9
5.6
5.8
Galvanised sheet
29.8
23.1
31.5
33.0
32.4
33.6
Other coated sheet
10.9
8.1
11.4
14.6
14.4
13.9
Steel tubes and fi ttings
35.4
29.4
33.8
39.9
35.9
35.8
Wheels (forged and rolled) & axles
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.6
Castings
0.9
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.8
Forgings
1.2
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.8
Other
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total
392.5
299.8
356.3
375.4
353.9
370.6
(e): estimate
Exports in World Steel in Figures include intra-EU trade, trade

between countries of the CIS, and trade between NAFTA countries.
The figures are based on a broad definition of the steel industry and its
products, including ingots, semi-finished products, hot-rolled and coldfinished products, tubes, wire, and unworked castings and forgings.
The above table comprises the exports of 37 countries, which
represents approximately 91% of total trade in 2013.
23
WORLD STEEL TRADE BY AREA

2013
million tonnes
3.5
Total Imports
0.6
Oceania
0.4
Other Asia
Other Europe
0.5
Japan
16.0
China
5.3
CIS
95.1
Other America
Other Europe
European
Union (27)
Destination
NAFTA
European Union (27)
Exporting Region
0.3
4.2
0.0 125.9
30.8
20.1
10.9
0.7
7.3
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.0
20.8
CIS
2.7
0.7
9.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.2
0.6
0.0
16.3
7.0
NAFTA
6.2
1.4
2.1
19.4
4.6
0.3
3.1
3.5
8.0
0.3
48.7
29.4
Other America
1.6
1.4
0.6
2.5
3.1
0.1
5.9
1.3
1.5
0.1
18.1
15.0
Africa
8.1
3.2
4.3
0.2
0.2
1.4
4.6
1.2
2.2
0.0
25.4
24.0
Middle East
2.1
7.2
5.5
0.2
0.1
0.1
5.6
1.7
4.7
0.0
27.2
27.1
China
2.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.0
5.9
6.4
0.0
14.8
14.8
0.0
5.4
5.4
0.4 101.1
76.5
Japan
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
4.5
Other Asia
4.9
0.6
6.4
0.8
0.9
0.6
34.1
27.7
24.6
Oceania
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.3
2.4
133.8
20.5
51.7
23.9
9.7
3.4
61.5
42.5
59.8
1.1 408.0 253.9
of which: extraregional exports*
38.7
19.8
42.3
4.5
6.5
1.9
61.5
42.5
35.2
0.8 253.9
Net Exports
(exports-imports)
7.9
-0.3
35.4 -24.9
-8.5 -49.2
46.7
37.1 -41.3
Total Exports
24
0.3
-3.0
4.1
3.8
MAJOR IMPORTERS AND

EXPORTERS OF STEEL
2013
million tonnes
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
(1)
(2)
Total Exports
Mt
Rank
China
Japan
European Union (27) (1)
South Korea
Ukraine
Germany (2)
Russia
Turkey
Italy (2)
Belgium-Luxembourg (2)
France (2)
Belgium (2)
United States
Taiwan, China
India
Spain (2)
Netherlands (2)
United Kingdom (2)
Brazil
Austria (2)
61.5
42.5
38.7
28.9
24.7
24.3
23.6
17.3
16.9
16.6
14.2
13.9
12.5
11.6
10.1
9.3
8.8
8.4
8.1
7.0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Net Exports
(exports - imports)
Mt
Rank
China
Japan
Ukraine
Russia
South Korea
European Union (27) (1)
Brazil
Taiwan, China
Belgium (2)
Austria (2)
Turkey
Netherlands (2)
Slovakia (2)
India
46.8
37.1
23.0
17.1
9.9
7.9
5.3
4.4
3.8
3.8
3.7
2.8
2.6
2.6
2.3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Total Imports
(1)
European Union (27)

United States
Germany (2)
South Korea
Thailand
Italy (2)
China
Turkey
France (2)
Indonesia
Belgium (2)
Vietnam
Canada
Poland (2)
Taiwan, China
Mexico
India
Spain (2)
Saudi Arabia
Net Imports
(imports - exports)
United States
Thailand
Indonesia
Vietnam
Saudi Arabia
Algeria
Philippines
Iraq
Egypt
Singapore
Hong Kong
Canada
Poland (2)
Iran
Mt
30.8
30.3
22.1
19.0
15.9
15.6
14.8
14.5
13.2
12.3
11.3
10.1
10.0
8.9
8.1
7.8
7.7
7.5
7.4
6.7
Mt
17.8
14.4
11.6
8.6
6.4
5.3
5.1
4.8
4.5
3.9
3.9
3.2
3.1
3.1
2.7
Excluding intra-regional trade

Data for individual European Union (27) countries include intra-European trade
25
TRADE IN FERROUS SCRAP

2012 AND 2013
million tonnes
Exports
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Other EU
European Union (27)
Turkey
Others
Other Europe
Byelorussia
Kazakhstan
Russia
Ukraine
Other CIS
CIS
Canada
Mexico
United States
NAFTA
Brazil
Other Central and South America
South Africa
Other Africa
Africa
Middle East
China
Japan
South Korea
Taiwan, China
Other Asia
Asia
World
26
Imports
2012
2013
2012
2013
1.0
3.5
0.7
1.9
0.4
6.1
8.9
0.1
0.3
4.8
1.8
0.4
0.7
1.5
7.3
7.5
46.9
0.1
2.3
2.4
0.0
0.8
4.3
0.4
0.2
5.8
4.2
0.9
21.4
26.5
0.4
1.4
1.8
1.6
1.0
2.6
2.2
0.0
8.6
0.2
0.1
2.9
11.8
2.8
102.7
1.0
3.2
0.6
1.9
0.3
6.0
8.4
0.1
0.3
4.2
1.9
0.4
0.5
1.3
6.9
7.0
43.9
0.1
2.2
2.3
0.7
3.7
0.3
0.2
4.9
4.5
0.8
18.5
23.8
0.5
1.3
1.7
1.5
0.8
2.3
1.9
0.0
8.1
0.2
0.1
2.8
11.2
2.7
94.6
1.1
4.1
0.1
0.5
0.2
2.7
5.5
0.5
5.3
1.9
0.4
0.3
4.3
0.2
0.3
4.1
31.3
22.4
0.9
23.3
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.4
1.8
2.3
0.9
3.7
7.0
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.0
2.5
2.5
0.2
5.0
0.2
10.1
5.0
17.6
37.8
0.0
104.6
1.1
4.2
0.1
0.5
0.0
2.4
5.3
0.3
5.0
1.7
0.5
0.4
4.7
0.3
0.3
3.3
30.2
19.7
0.9
20.7
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
1.7
0.9
3.9
6.5
0.1
0.6
0.6
0.0
3.2
3.3
0.1
4.5
0.2
9.3
4.5
14.6
33.0
0.0
95.0
WORLD TRADE IN FERROUS SCRAP

BY AREA, 2013
million tonnes
Total Imports
Oceania
Asia
Other America
NAFTA
CIS
Other Europe
Destination
European Union (27)
Exporting Region
European Union (27)
26.8
1.6
1.0
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
30.1
3.2
Other Europe
11.5
1.5
2.4
5.5
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
21.6
20.1
CIS
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
NAFTA
0.3
1.0
5.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.6
1.4
Other America
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.5
1.8
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.4
3.3
China
0.0
0.0
0.1
1.2
0.0
0.0
2.9
0.2
4.4
1.5
Japan
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
Other Asia
2.9
0.1
0.8
9.5
1.4
2.3
7.8
2.5
27.4
19.6
Oceania
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total Exports
43.5
4.3
4.9
23.7
1.7
3.2
11.0
2.8
95.0
49.7
of which: extraregional exports*
16.7
2.7
4.3
18.5
1.6
3.2
0.1
2.7
49.7
Net Exports
(exports-imports)
13.4 -17.4
4.3
17.1
1.1
-0.2 -16.4
2.7
27
INDIRECT TRADE IN STEEL

2000 TO 2012
Mt
Indirect exports, Mt
Indirect exports as a percentage
of exports of steel products, %
350
80
300
Year
Indirect Exports, Mt
2000
170.5
2001
176.6
2002
185.8
75
250
70
200
150
65
100
60
50
55
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
2003
197.2
2004
222.5
2005
247.8
2006
267.9
2007
290.1
2008
300.9
2009
229.8
2010
283.3
2011
321.5
2012
318.7
Indirect trade in steel takes place through exports and imports of steel
containing goods and is expressed in finished steel equivalent of products used.
Further explanation on definitions and methodology of indirect trade in steel can
be found in working paper Indirect trade in steel: definitions, methodology and
applications, World Steel Association, April 2012.
MAJOR INDIRECT IMPORTERS

AND EXPORTERS OF STEEL
2012
million tonnes, finished steel equivalent

Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
(1)
28
Indirect Exports
China
Germany (1)
Japan
South Korea
United States
Italy (1)
Mexico
Spain (1)
France (1)
Poland (1)
Net Indirect Exports

(exports - imports)
China
Japan
South Korea
Germany (1)
Italy (1)
Mt
Rank
69.4
30.1
26.9
25.4
22.9
12.8
11.3
8.6
8.6
8.2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Mt
Rank
56.7
20.1
18.9
8.9
6.1
1
2
3
4
5
Indirect Imports
United States
Germany (1)
Canada
China
France (1)
Russia
Mexico
United Kingdom (1)
Japan
Net Indirect Imports

(imports - exports)
United States
Russia
Canada
Australia
Indonesia
Data for individual European Union (27) countries include intra-European trade
Mt
38.2
21.2
12.9
12.7
11.8
11.6
9.7
9.7
7.5
6.8
Mt
15.3
9.6
7.0
5.4
3.7
TRUE STEEL USE

2006 TO 2012
million tonnes, finished steel equivalent
Germany
France
Italy
Spain
United Kingdom
European Union (27)
Turkey
Other Europe
Russia
CIS
Canada
Mexico
United States
NAFTA
Brazil
South America
China
Japan
South Korea
Asia and Oceania
Total (1)
(1)
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
31.9
17.9
31.0
24.6
17.9
186.1
19.3
25.8
39.3
49.8
22.3
16.6
140.0
178.9
16.9
35.6
49.5
342.6
57.5
37.5
551.6
1,077.5
32.2
19.0
31.6
24.6
18.0
194.6
21.5
28.3
47.6
60.6
20.2
16.9
127.1
164.2
20.9
40.9
60.1
375.5
58.5
42.1
601.3
1,150.0
33.0
18.4
28.5
16.9
15.9
176.8
18.7
26.6
44.4
56.1
20.2
17.3
111.3
148.8
23.8
45.2
66.0
399.7
55.1
44.2
628.3
1,147.7
22.2
14.2
17.5
9.7
9.9
113.7
16.2
21.7
28.2
35.6
14.0
14.1
68.9
97.0
19.1
35.5
59.5
515.7
36.6
29.1
703.8
1,066.7
29.9
16.0
22.6
11.9
12.7
139.5
22.3
28.9
41.7
49.7
20.0
16.1
91.2
127.3
27.5
48.1
63.9
537.4
42.8
33.8
760.0
1,217.5
32.8
17.9
22.3
10.3
12.8
144.8
25.9
32.5
49.9
59.7
20.7
16.0
101.6
138.3
27.1
51.0
67.8
583.4
43.7
35.6
815.5
1,309.6
28.6
15.8
15.4
7.4
12.1
122.0
27.1
34.1
51.9
63.0
22.6
18.8
111.5
152.9
27.1
52.3
66.9
603.3
43.9
35.2
847.5
1,338.6
Total comprises 64 countries, the most signifi cant users of steel products worldwide
Note: True steel use (TSU) is obtained by subtracting net indirect

exports of steel from apparent steel use (ASU).
APPARENT AND TRUE STEEL USE

PER CAPITA, 2012
kilogrammes, finished steel equivalent
Brazil
True steel use per capita
Apparent steel use per capita
Mexico
United Kingdom
Spain
France
Japan
United States
Russia
Turkey
Italy
Germany
China
Canada
South Korea
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
29
ABOUT WORLDSTEEL
The World Steel Association (worldsteel) is one of the largest and most
dynamic industry associations in the world. worldsteel represents
approximately 170 steel producers (including 17 of the worlds 20 largest
steel companies), national and regional steel industry associations, and
steel research institutes. worldsteel members represent around 85% of
world steel production.
30
This publication is printed on PrintSpeed paper.

PrintSpeed is certified by the Forest Stewardship Council
as environmentally-responsible paper.
World Steel in Figures
World Steel Association 2014
ISBN 978-2-930069-73-9
Cover image:
Arganzuela Footbridge, Madrid, Spain
Architects: Dominique Perrault Architecture
Design:
double-id.com
World Steel Association

Rue Colonel Bourg 120
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Belgium
T: +32 (0)2 702 89 00
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E : china@worldsteel.org
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WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2014

SAFETY AND HEALTH

The safety and health commitment, made by the worldsteel Board

SAFETY AND HEALTH PRINCIPLES

The most important work in safety and health

worldsteel has a Safety and Health Excellence Recognition programme.

LIFE CYCLE THINKING

Life cycle assessment

KEY FACTS ABOUT STEEL

Steel is a cornerstone and key driver for the worlds economy.

WORLD CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION

Average Growth Rates

TOP STEEL-PRODUCING COMPANIES

Nippon Steel & Sumitomo

Fangda Steel (2)

Hebei Steel Group

Baosteel Group (*)

Wuhan Steel Group (*)

JSW Steel Limited (*)

Ansteel Group (*)

Shougang Group (*)

Tata Steel Group (*)

Shandong Steel Group

Techint Group (*)

Nucor Corporation (*)

Tianjin Bohai Steel (1)

Erdemir Group (*)

Hyundai Steel (*)

Evraz Group (*)

voestalpine Group (*)

Riva Forni Elettrici SpA (*)(3)

Kobe Steel Ltd. (*)

CELSA Group (*)

China Steel Corporation (*)

Essar Steel (*)

Notes on company ownership and tonnage calculations:

MAJOR STEEL-PRODUCING COUNTRIES

CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION

Electric Open hearth

CONTINUOUSLY-CAST STEEL OUTPUT

% Crude steel output

MONTHLY CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION

European Union (27)

The 65 reporting countries

Central and South America

STEEL PRODUCTION AND USE:

Central and South America

Apparent steel use (finished steel products)

Central and South America

STEEL PRODUCTION AND USE:

Central and South America

Apparent steel use (finished steel products)

Central and South America

APPARENT STEEL USE

APPARENT STEEL USE PER CAPITA

DIRECT REDUCED IRON PRODUCTION

European Union (27)

Trinidad and Tobago

Central and South America

United Arab Emirates

Of domestic production: percentage Fe of total weight

WORLD IRON ORE TRADE BY AREA

Central and South America