Abaqus/CAE

(ver. 6.11) Material Nonlinearity Tutorial

Problem Description
A rectangular steel cantilevered beam has a downward load applied to one end. The load is expected to
produce plastic deformation. An experimentally determined stress strain curve was supplied for the steel
material. We will investigate the magnitude and depth of plastic strain.

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

Analysis Steps
1. StartAbaqusandchoosetocreateanewmodeldatabase

2. InthemodeltreedoubleclickonthePartsnode(orrightclickonpartsandselectCreate)

3. IntheCreatePartdialogbox(shownabove)namethepartand
a. Select2DPlanar
b. SelectDeformable
c. SelectShell
d. Setapproximatesize=200
e. ClickContinue

4. Createthegeometryshownbelow(notdiscussedhere)

5. DoubleclickontheMaterialsnodeinthemodeltree

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

a. Namethenewmaterialandgiveitadescription
b. Thestressstraindata,shownbelow,wasmeasuredforthematerialused
i. Thisdataisbasedonthenominal(engineering)stressandstrain

NominalStress(Pa) NominalStrain
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
2.00E+08
9.50E04
2.40E+08
2.50E02
2.80E+08
5.00E02
3.40E+08
1.00E01
3.80E+08
1.50E01
4.00E+08
2.00E01

NominalStress(Pa)

4.00E+08
3.00E+08
2.00E+08
1.00E+08
0.00E+00
6.38E16

2.50E02

5.00E02

7.50E02

1.00E01
1.25E01
NominalStrain

1.50E01

1.75E01

2.00E01

ii. Abaqusexpectsthestressstraindatatobeenteredastruestressandtrueplasticstrain
1. Inadditionthemodulusofelasticitymustcorrespondtotheslopedefinedbythe
firstpoint(theyieldpoint).
iii. Toconvertthenominalstresstotruestress,usethefollowingequation
1

1.
iv. Toconvertthenominalstraintotruestrain,usethefollowingequation
1

1.
v. Tocalculatethemodulusofelasticity,dividethefirstnonzerotruestressbythefirstnonzero
truestrain
vi. Toconvertthetruestraintotrueplasticstrain,usethefollowingequation
1.

vii. Theresultsshouldbe

TrueStress(Pa) PlasticStrain ElasticModulus(Pa)

0.000E+00
2.002E+08
2.1073E+11
2.353E02
2.460E+08
4.740E02
2.940E+08
9.354E02
3.740E+08
1.377E01
4.370E+08
1.800E01
4.800E+08

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

c. ClickontheMechanicaltabElasticityElastic
i. Enterthecalculatedmodulusofelasticity,andPoisonsratioof0.3
d. ClickontheMechanicaltabPlasticityPlastic
i. Enterthecalculatedtruestressandplasticstrain
1. NotethatyoucansimplycopyyourcalculatedvaluesfromExcel(orsimilar)and
pastethemintoAbaqus
e. ClickOK

6. DoubleclickontheSectionsnodeinthemodeltree
a. NamethesectionPlaneStressPropertiesandselectSolidforthecategoryandHomogeneous
forthetype
b. ClickContinue
c. Selectthematerialcreatedabove(Steel)andsetthethicknessto5.
d. ClickOK

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

7. ExpandthePartsnodeinthemodeltree,expandthenodeofthepartjustcreated,anddoubleclickon
SectionAssignments
a. SelecttheentiregeometryintheviewportandpressDoneinthepromptarea
b. Selectthesectioncreatedabove(PlaneStressProperties)
c. VerifyFromsectionisselectedunderThickness
d. ClickOK

8. ExpandtheAssemblynodeinthemodeltreeandthendoubleclickonInstances
a. SelectDependentfortheinstancetype
b. ClickOK

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

9. DoubleclickontheStepsnodeinthemodeltree
a. Namethestep,settheproceduretoGeneral,and
selectStatic,General
b. OntheBasictab,givethestepadescriptionand
changethetimeperiodto2
i. Forthisanalysisneglecttheeffectsof
geometricnonlinearities(Nlgeom=Off)
c. OntheIncrementationtab,
i. Settheinitialincrementsizeto0.05
ii. Setthemaximumincrementsizeto0.2
d. ClickOK

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

10. DoubleclickontheBCsnodeinthemodeltree
a. NametheboundaryconditionedFixedandselect
Symmetry/Antisymmetry/Encastreforthetype
b. SelecttheleftedgeandclickDone

c. SelectENCASTREfortheboundarycondition
d. ClickOK

11. DoubleclickontheAmplitudesnodeinthemodeltree
a. NametheamplitudeTriangularLoadingandselectTabular
b. Enterthedatapointsshownbelow
i. Abaqusmultipliestheloadmagnitudebytheamplitudedefinition,therefore0isnoloadand
1isthefullload

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

12. DoubleclickontheLoadsnodeinthemodeltree
a. NametheloadandselectSurfacetractionasthetype

b. Selecttherightedge
c. UnderDirection,clickonthearrowandselecttheupperrightcornerasthefirstpoint,andthe
lowerrightcornerasthesecondpoint
d. Forthemagnitude,enter5e6
e. Fortheamplitude,selecttheamplitudecreatedabove(Triangularloading)

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

13. InthemodeltreedoubleclickonMeshforthebeampart,andin
thetoolboxareaclickontheAssignElementTypeicon
a. Selecttheentiregeometry
b. SelectStandardforelementtype
c. SelectQuadraticforgeometricorder
d. SelectPlanestressforfamily
e. Notethatthenameoftheelement(S4R)anditsdescription
aregivenbelowtheelementcontrols
f. SelectOK

14. InthetoolboxareaclickontheAssignMeshControlsicon
a. Selecttheportionofthegeometryassociatedwiththeboundaryconditionsandload
b. ChangetheelementshapetoQuad
c. SetthetechniquetoStructured

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

15. InthetoolboxareaclickontheSeedEdgesicon
a. Selecttheleftandrightedges,clickDone
b. SelectBynumber
c. SetBiastoNone
d. UnderSizingControlsenter8elements,ClickOK

16. InthetoolboxareaensuretheSeedEdgesiconis
stillselected
a. Selectthetopandbottomedges
b. SetMethodtoBynumberandBiasto
Single
c. Setthenumberofelementsto50
d. Setthebiasratioto2
e. Thebiasarrowspointtowardsthedirectionofthesmallerelements,sointhiscasetheyshouldpoint
totheleft.Iftheydont,clicktheSelectbuttonlocatedtotherightofFlipBias

f.

SelectthetopandbottomedgesandselectDone

g. Thearrowsshouldnowpointtotheleft
h. ClicktheOKbutton

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

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Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

17. InthetoolboxareaclickontheMeshParticon

18. InthemodeltreedoubleclickontheJobnode
a. Namethejobplastic_beam
b. Givethejobadescription

19. InthemodeltreerightclickonthejobjustcreatedandselectSubmit
a. WhileAbaqusissolvingtheproblemrightclickonthejobsubmitted,andselectMonitor

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

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Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

b. IntheMonitorwindowcheckthattherearenoerrorsorwarnings
i. Ifthereareerrors,investigatethecause(s)beforeresolving
ii. Iftherearewarnings,determineifthewarningsarerelevant,somewarningscanbesafely
ignored
iii. Inthefarrightcolumn,notehowAbaqusadjustedtheincrement

20. Inthemodeltreerightclickonthesubmittedandsuccessfullycompletedjob,andselectResults

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell

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Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

21. Inthem
menubarclicckonViewportViewporttAnnotationssOptions
a. UnchecktheShowcomp
passoption
b. Thelocationssofviewportitemscanbe
especifiedonnthecorrespo
ondingtabintheViewport
AnnotationsOptions

22. Displaytthedeformed
dcontouroftthe(Von)Missesstress
a. Inthetoolbo
oxareaclicko
onthefollowingicons
i. PlottContourson
nDeformedShape

23. Intheto
oolboxareaclickontheC
CommonPlotOptionsico n
a. SettheDeforrmationScale
eFactorto1
b. ClickOK

2012 Hormoz Zarreh & Jenna Bell

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P
Portland State Univversity, Mechanicaal Engineering

24. Clickonthearrowso
onthecontextbartochanggethetimesstepbeingdissplayed
bar
a. Clickonthetthreesquaresstobringupttheframesellectorsliderb

menubarclickkonResults
FieldOutpu
ut
25. Tochangetheoutputbeingdisplaayed,inthem
a. Selectoneofftheplasticsttrainrelatedoutputs(PEoorPEEQ)
b. ClickOK

nselecttheo
outputvariablefromthecoorrespondinggtoolbar(sho
ownbelow).
Alternattively,youcan

ont see the to

oolbar, go to
o view
Hinnt: If you do
Tooolbars and activate
a
the Field

outputt to display
thee toolbar (a checkmark
c
will
w appear next to it).
NotethatPEdisplaysindivvidualplasticcstrain(simiilar
top
nents,whilePEEQvariab
ble
principalstrain)compon
pro
ovidestheeq
quivalentplaasticstrainvvalue(similar
tovvonMiseseq
quivalentstrress).

2012 Hormoz Zarreh & Jenna Bell

14

P
Portland State Univversity, Mechanicaal Engineering