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(Fig. 3).
Pass this symbol stream through the channels
1
2
delay
T
s
x(t) x(t-T
s
)
delay
T
s
T
s
delay
T
s
delay
c
1
c
0
c
3
c
2
y(t)
x(t)
Figure 2: Continuous-time FIR lter
determined above and determine the horizon-
tal and vertical eye opening at the output of the
channel.
b
0
b
1
s
0
s
2
b
0
,b
1
s
0
-1,-1 -1
-1,+1 -1/3
+1,-1 +1/3
+1,+1 +1
Figure 3: PAM 4 signal generation
Plot the response of the channel to a 1 symbol (2
bit) wide pulse with 100 ps rise/fall times. Let-
ting the peak be the cursor, determine the sam-
pled response of the channel+transmitter. Ig-
nore ISI less than 1%. Is the eye opening pre-
viously determined consistent with the discrete
time response that you obtained here?
Design a discrete-time equalizer with as many
taps as are in the channel+transmitter response.
Determine the coefcients using the two meth-
ods discussed in class.
Using the coefcients determined above, con-
struct continuous-time FIR lters as shown in
Fig. 2. Plot the eye diagrams at the output of the
equalizer. What are the vertical and horizontal
eye openings?
Compare PAM4 and binary in terms of the eye
opening and bit error rate. Which one would
you use?