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Gonorrhea is one of the most common and oldest known sexually transmitted
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and can spread throughout the body to cause both
localized and disseminated disease. Most commonly, the term gonorrhea refers to
Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae , a bacterium that can grow and multiply
easily in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive tract, including the cervix , uterus ,
and fallopian tubes in women, and in the urethra in women and men. the highest
reported rates of infection are among sexually active teenagers, young adults, and
African Americans. The bacterium can also grow in the mouth, throat, eyes, and anus.
This sexually transmitted disease is spread through contact with an infected vagina,
penis, anus, or mouth. It is spread through semen or vaginal fluids during unprotected
sexual contact with a partner who has it. Touching infected sex organs, like the vagina
or penis, and then touching your eyes can cause an eye infection. It cannot be passed
by shaking hands or sitting on a toilet seat. Gonorrhea can also be passed from a
pregnant woman to her baby during the birth process through a vaginal delivery. In
babies, gonorrhea infection may cause blindness, joint infection, or a life threatening
blood infection. Gonococcal infections following sexual and perinatal transmission are a
major source of morbidity worldwide. In the developed world, where prophylaxis for
neonatal eye infection is standard, the vast majority of infections follow genitourinary
mucosal exposure. More serious clinical syndromes may follow, with ascending
involvement of the reproductive tract or systemic spread. Infection is due to N
care-guide.org/gonorrhea.htm
United States, after chlamydia. Actual incidence is difficult to determine due to high
cases were reported in the United States. The national average is 118.9 cases per
rise from 2004, when it was at its lowest level since 1941. The estimate of total cases is
approximately 700,000 cases per year. In children who have been sexually abused,
rates of recovery of gonorrhea range from 1-30%. In female adolescents who are
Within the United States, carriage rates highly depend on the geographical area,
The South-Eastern States have the highest rates of infection; the rates in the
Midwest and northeast are much lower. Rates of infection range from about 285.7
cases per 100,000 populations in Mississippi to 8.9 cases per 100,000 populations in
Maine. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has a campaign
(Healthy People 2010) that targets an incidence rate of 19 cases per 100,000
populations. North Dakota, Maine, Vermont, Wyoming, New Hampshire, Montana, and
Idaho are the only states currently exceeding that target, along with Puerto Rico.
epididymitis and orchitis in males, and sterility in both sexes. It can also spread to cause
septic arthritis, perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome), and disseminated gonococcal
ophthalmia neonatorum, and blindness, if untreated. Oral sex with an infected partner
can result in pharyngitis, and, similarly, anal infection can arise from anal sex or local
spread from a vaginal source. PID often causes decreased fertility and can lead to tubo-
ovarian abscess and, rarely, tubal perforation with peritonitis and death, especially if
recurrent. Females with recurrent PID have high rates of ectopic pregnancy and
infertility approximately 8% after 1 episode, 20% after 2 episodes, and 40% after 3 or
men who have had gonorrhea are more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer.
Multiple sexual partners and history of gonorrhea are seen as risks for prostate cancer.
Having more than 25 lifetime sexual partners also increases odds of prostate cancer, by
more than 2.5 times that of men with five or fewer sexual partners, the study found. The
conclusions are part of the Flint Men's Health Study, a population-based study of black
men ages 40-79 who live in Flint, Michigan The Flint Men's Health Study looked at
African-American men as part of an effort to determine why black men are twice as
likely as white men to develop prostate cancer and twice as likely to die from the
disease.http://www.thenewstoday.info/2009/02/19/promiscuity.gonorrhea.are.risks.for.prostate.cancer.in
.men.study.html