Strategies, Structures, and Processes for Network and

Resources Management in Industrial Parks

The Cases of Germany and China
Von der Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultat
der Universitat Leipzig
genehmigte
DISSERTATION
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades
Doktor-lngenieur
Dr.-lng.
Vorgelegt von
Dipl.-lng. Tiina Salonen
geboren am 12. Mai 1974 in Hyvinkaa, Finnland
Gutachter:
Prof. Dr.-lng. Robert Hollander
Prof. Dr. Gunter Liesegang
Prof. Dr. Raymond Cote
Tag derVerleihung: 09. Februar2010
A 261266
IX
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND 1
1.2 RESEARCH PROBLEM 5
1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 7
1.4 RESEARCH OUTLINE 10
2. ANALYSIS OF THE PHENOMENON INDUSTRIAL PARK 13
2.1 INDUSTRIAL PARK 13
2.1.1 Definition 13
2.1.2 Development mechanisms 18
2.1.2.1 Privatization '. 19
2.1.2.2 Business strategy .!: 21
2.1.2.3 National economic policy 25
2.13 Stakeholders 31
2.1.3.1 Stakeholder approach 31
2.1.3.2 Stakeholders of industrial parks 36
2.14 Resources and activities 48
2.1.5 Life cycle 51
2.1.5.1 Site development and construction 53
2.1.5.2 Recruitment of tenant companies 57
2.1.5.3 Site operation 58
2.2 NETWORK 59
2.2.1 Social networks 61
2.2.2 Interfirm networks 66
2.2.3 Multistakeholdernetworks 76
2.3 INDUSTRIAL PARK AS AN INTERORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK 80
3. THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF NETWORK AND RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT IN INDUSTRIAL PARKS 89
3.1 APPROACH OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY 89
3.1.1 Concept of industrial ecology 89
3.12 Eco-industrial development 94
3.1.3 Summary on the theoretical status quo of network and resources
management in industrial parks 104
3.2 RELATED ECONOMIC THEORIES 108
3.2.1 Theory of transaction costs 109
3.2.2 New industrial economics 114
3.2.3 Resource based view and theory of core competencies 119
3.2.4 Relational view 123
3.2.5 Implications for network and resources management in industrial parks
126 '
3.3 RELATED ORGANIZATIONAL THEORIES AND APPROACHES 132
3.3.7 New systems theory 132
3.3.2 Behavioral decision theory 137
3.3.3 Interaction oriented network approach 143
3.3.4 Implications for network and resources management in industrial parks
149
3.4 APPROACHES OF NETWORK MANAGEMENT 153
3.4.1 Network strategies 154
3.4.2 Strategy process in networks 163
3.4.3 Institutionalization and tasks of network management 170
3.4.4 Concept for network management in industrial parks 179
3.5 APPROACHES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 184
3.5.1 Public resource and environmental policies 185
3.5.2 Corporate environmental strategies 193
3.5.3 Organizational structures for environmental management 203
3.5.4 Environmental management systems 211
3.5.5 Concept for resources management in industrial parks 221
3.6 CONCEPT FOR INTEGRATED RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN INDUSTRIAL PARKS.. 228
4. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN
INDUSTRIAL PARKS 233
4.1 RESEARCH DESIGN 233
4.2 MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES AND STRATEGIES OF INDUSTRIAL PARKS 239
4.2.1 Chinese industrial parks 239
4.2.1.1 City government 240
4.2.1.2 Public park authority - Dalian Economic and Technological
Development Zone and Tianjin Economic and Technological Development
Area 243
4.2.1.3 Public-private park management - Shanghai Chemical Industry Park
251
4.2.1.4 Further models in China 257
4.2.2 German industrial parks 258
4.2.2.1 Private major user - Chemical Industrial Park Schkopau 258
4.2.2.2 Private infrastructure company - Chemical Industrial Park Marl.... 264
4.2.2.3 Further models in Germany 273
4.2.3 Discussion 276
4.3 INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES MANAGEMENT 282
4.3.1 Public park authority 283
XI
4.3.1.1 Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone 283
4.3.1.2 Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area 287
4.3.2 Public-private park management - Shanghai Chemical Industry Park..291
4.3.3 Private company 295
4.3.3.1 Major user - Chemical Industrial ParkSchkopau 295
4.3.3.2 Infrastructure company - Chemical Industrial Park Marl 301
4.3.4 Discussion 307
4.4 INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 313
4.4.1 Circular economy plan of Tianjin Economic and Technological
Development Area 315
4.4.2 Environmental management system in Chemical Industrial Park Marl. 322
4.4.3 Discussion 325
5. CONCLUSIONS 331
6. REFERENCES i 341
APPENDICES 365
THESES '.'. 373