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Ternary Phase Diagram
Three Component System A, B and C
Requires that we know the three binary
system for three components : AB,BC and CA
It is obtained by fixing temperature and
pressure.
The degree of freedom for three components
F = C-P+2-2=C-P=3-P
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Two Partially Miscible Liquids
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Dr Saad Al-Shahrani ChE 334: Separation Processes
(Solute)
Original
solvent
Extractive
solvent
.
Mixture [50% Acetic + 20 H
2
O +
30%vinyl acetate
Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium
Dr Saad Al-Shahrani ChE 334: Separation Processes
b) Liquid-liquid Equilibriumtie lines (LLE Tie lines)
Different chemical systems give different types of triangular
diagrams.
Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium
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Dr Saad Al-Shahrani ChE 334: Separation Processes
A ternary mixture of 19
weight percent isopropyl
alcohol (IPA), 41 weight
percent toluene, and 40
weight percent water.
Determine the
compositions of the two
separated phases
Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium : Example
Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium
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Dr Saad Al-Shahrani ChE 334: Separation Processes
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
GRAPHICAL MIXING RULES
If we have two streams that contain three components and mix them
together. Let one of these streams be stream A with flow rate F
A
(kg/h)
and composition x
1
A
, x
2
A
and x
3
A
(weight fractions of components 1,2,
and 3), and let the other be stream F
B
with corresponding composition
x
1
B
, x
2
B
and x
3
B
. The mixed stream leaving the mixer will have a flow
rate F
M
and composition x
1
M
, x
2
M
and x
3
M
. A flow diagramis as follows:
F
A
x
1
A
, x
2
A
, x
3
A
F
B
x
1
B
, x
2
B
, x
3
B
F
M
x
1
M
, x
2
M
, x
3
M
Dr Saad Al-Shahrani ChE 334: Separation Processes
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
To determine the location of the mixture composition on a graph,
since there are three components, only two coordinates are
needed to completely specify the composition of any stream. We
can use either right or equilateral triangular plots.
If we use right-triangular plot. locate point A with coordinates (x
1
A
, x
2
A
) and point B with coordinates (x
1
B
, x
2
B
). The point M with
coordinates (x
1
M
, x
2
M
) representing the mixture will lie some place
on the graph.
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Dr Saad Al-Shahrani ChE 334: Separation Processes
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
The total mass balance for the system is
Component balances for components 1 and 2 are
and
(1)
(2)
(3)
Dr Saad Al-Shahrani ChE 334: Separation Processes
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Rearranging these two equations, we obtain:
Solving for the ratio F
A
IF
B
, we have:
or
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Dr Saad Al-Shahrani ChE 334: Separation Processes
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
These two ratios are the tangents of the angles and ,
hence, tan = tan . Therefore, = , and we have
proven that the line AMB is a straight line.
The coordinates of the point M can be solved for
analytically by using equations (1), (2), and (3).
Alternatively, M can be located graphically where the
distance fromthe point A to the point Mdivided by the
distance fromthe point Mto the point B is equal to the
ratio FB/FA.
Two Partially Miscible Pairs
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Common Ion Effect
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1) 4 moles of initial solution containing
chloroform and water (60% mole of
Chloroform) were then mixed by 2 moles of pure
acetic acid.
a. Determine the total composition of final
mixture.
b. If the final mixture consists of two phase of
liquids, determine the composition of each
phase
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