II.

Enlightenment

TheMovement
16501800
dramaticrevolutionsinscience,philosophy,societyandpolitics
theriseofempiricism,bothinthepracticeofscienceandinthetheoryofknowledge
culminateshistoricallyinthepoliticalupheavaloftheFrenchRevolution
thetraditionalhierarchicalpoliticalandsocialorders(theFrenchmonarchy,theprivileges
oftheFrenchnobility,thepoliticalpowerandauthorityoftheCatholicChurch)were
violentlydestroyed
replacedbyapoliticalandsocialorderinformedbytheEnlightenmentidealsoffreedom
andequalityforall,founded,ostensibly,uponprinciplesofhumanreason
scientificrevolutionofthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies
riseofthenewscienceprogressivelyunderminesnotonlytheancientgeocentric
conceptionofthecosmos,but,withit,theentiresetofpresuppositionsthathadservedto
constrainandguidephilosophicalinquiry
newscienceinexplainingthenaturalworld
lateron:selfreflectivethequestionofWhatisEnlightenment?
Kantdefinesenlightenmentashumankind'sreleasefromitsselfincurred
immaturity
immaturityistheinabilitytouseone'sownunderstandingwithouttheguidanceof
another.
Enlightenmentphilosophytendstostandintensionwithestablishedreligion
daringtothinkforoneself,awakeningone'sintellectualpowers,generallyrequires
opposingtheroleofestablishedreligionindirectingthoughtandaction
Vernunftreligion
radicalversion(~1795)fromKantlongafterLessing
whathappenswithreligionwillhappen
butbereasonable
theawakeningofone'sintellectualpowers,leadsultimatelytoabetter,morefulfilled
humanexistence
ThreeComponents:
(1)TheTrue:Science,Epistemology,andMetaphysicsintheEnlightenment\
(2)TheGood:PoliticalTheory,EthicalTheoryandReligionintheEnlightenment
(3)TheBeautiful:AestheticsintheEnlightenment
RenDescartes'rationalistsystemofphilosophyisfoundationalfortheEnlightenment
Descartes(15961650)undertakestoestablishthesciencesuponasecure
metaphysicalfoundation
Newton'ssystemstronglyencouragestheEnlightenmentconceptionofnatureasan
orderlydomaingovernedbystrictmathematicaldynamicallawsandtheconceptionof
ourselvesascapableofknowingthoselawsandthusplumbingthesecretsofnature
throughtheexerciseofourunaidedfaculties
theconceptionofnature,andofhowweknowit,changessignificantlywiththeriseof
modernscience
itbelongscentrallytotheagendaofEnlightenmentphilosophytocontributetothe
newknowledgeofnature,andtoprovideametaphysicalframeworkwithinwhich
toplaceandinterpretthisnewknowledge

DieErziehungdesMenschengeschlechts
GodbeganwithAbrahamandthe10commandments
dieOffenbarungundVernunft
the10Commandmentsweresimplyright
Theocracy
Moses
AllesinderZukunftverlagertwird.
Problemwitheternallife
Warburton

People
Herderanticolonial,rechtzuexistieren
KantKulturabhngig
LessingFirstGermantheatrewriter

Brger
mussarbeiten
cantjustwagewarforfunzies
sonsmustbeeducatedanddaughtermustmarry

Itisaboutthegirl
thelustandhowthemenreact