Pads Layout

Electronics
Unit

PADS Layout (9.3.1)

Training Manual

Fifth Edition

PADS Layout

PADS Layout
Training Manual

Fifth Edition (Version 2011 )

Notice to all readers
This training manual is developed for educational purposes with no commercial value
and is solely used in the Industrial centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.

Copyright 2011 by
Industrial Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

All rights reserved. No parts of this work may be reproduced or stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
the editors.

Editors:

First Edition: W.H. MA, Jasper Wong ( 15 February, 2000 )

Second Edition: W.C. Suen, Jasper Wong ( 27 August, 2002)

Third Edition: Kelvin Leung, Jasper Wong ( 30 November ,2005)

Fourth Edition: W.H. MA, Jasper Wong ( 1 December ,2009)

Fifth Edition : W H MA,Jasper Wong (18 October, 2011)

Acknowledgments

The editors would like to acknowledge all staff from the Electronics Unit
of the Industrial Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University for their
efforts and contribution to this training manual.

Table of Contents

1. Technical Overview .............................................................................................. 1
2. PCB CAD Layout Considerations ................................................................... 2
2.1 Basic Considerations ........................................................................................... 2
2.2 Board Setting ...................................................................................................... 3
2.3 Design Rules ....................................................................................................... 3
2.4 Component Placement ........................................................................................ 3
2.5 Routing ............................................................................................................... 4
2.6 CAM Output ....................................................................................................... 5
3. File and Folder Structure of PADS Layout Installation ................................... 8
4. Design Process Overview .................................................................................. 9
5. Getting Started in PADS - PADS LAYOUT for Windows ....................... 10
5.1 The PADS Interface ........................................................................................... 10
5.2 Information Windows ....................................................................................... 14
5.3 Numeric Keypad Commands.............................................................................. 15
6. Exercise 1: PADS Environment Setup ......................................................... 16
6.1 Set up Global Parameters .................................................................................. 16
6.2 Set up Display ................................................................................................... 17
7. Exercise 2: Music Board ................................................................................ 19
8. Create Board Outline ...................................................................................... 20
8.1 Set Origin .......................................................................................................... 20
8.2 Create Polygon ................................................................................................. 20
8.3 Create Arc ( P1 ) ................................................................................................ 21
8.4 Create Arc ( P2 ) ................................................................................................ 21
8.5 Place 2D line ..................................................................................................... 21
8.6 Create Text ....................................................................................................... 22
8.7 Change Text Size ............................................................................................... 23
8.8 Add a Component ............................................................................................. 23
8.9 Save Job ........................................................................................................... 24

9. Exercise 3: Load the Parts and Parts Placement .......................................... 25
9.1 ASCII In ............................................................................................................. 25
9.2 Place Parts ........................................................................................................ 25
9.3 ASCII File In ....................................................................................................... 26
9.4 Move Part Name ............................................................................................... 27
9.5 Create Text ....................................................................................................... 28
9.6 Create Other Side Text ...................................................................................... 29
9.7 Save Job ........................................................................................................... 29
10. Exercise 4 : Connection Routing .................................................................... 30
10.1 Setup Trace Width before Routing................................................................. 30
10.2 Manual Routing ............................................................................................ 30
10.3 Modify Route ............................................................................................... 32
10.4 Create Text to Solder Side ............................................................................. 32
10.5 Save Job ....................................................................................................... 32
11. Exercise 5: Checking ....................................................................................... 33
11.1 Check Clearance ............................................................................................ 33
12. Exercise 6: Create Copper Pour ................................................................... 34
12.1 Create Copper Pour ....................................................................................... 34
12.2 Save Job ........................................................................................................ 34
13. Exercise 7 : CAM ( Computer Aided Manufacturing ) ............................ 35
13.1 Artwork ........................................................................................................ 35
13.2 Silkscreen ..................................................................................................... 37
13.3 Solder Mask .................................................................................................. 39
13.4 Drill Drawing ................................................................................................. 41
13.5 Create NC Drill File ......................................................................................... 44
13.6 Create Gerber File ............................................................................................. 47
14. Exercise 8: Create Parts Library .................................................................. 50
14.1 Create and Setup a New Library ..................................................................... 51
14.2 Create a Through -Hole Component ( TEST_PAD ) ........................................... 53
14.3 Create a Surface Mount Component ( S\SOT23 ) ............................................. 64
14.4 Create a Surface Mount Component ( S\PWR ) ............................................... 65
14.5 KS5915 .......................................................................................................... 68
14.6 1M_DRAM..................................................................................................... 68
14.7 TM-062 ......................................................................................................... 69
14.8 SMT_LED ....................................................................................................... 69

15. Exercise 9: SMT Music Board ........................................................................ 70
15.1 Create Board Outline ..................................................................................... 71
15.2 Create Text .................................................................................................... 71
15.3 Load the Parts and Parts Placement ............................................................... 72
15.4 Add Connection ............................................................................................. 75
15.5 Connection Routing : ..................................................................................... 76
15.6 Create Copper Pour ....................................................................................... 77
15.7 Checking........................................................................................................ 77
15.8 Save Job ........................................................................................................ 77
15.9 CAM ( Computer Aided Manufacturing ) ....................................................... 77
16. Assignment 1: Power Supply .......................................................................... 78
17. Assignment 2: SMT - Amplifier ..................................................................... 81
17.1 SMTC100 ....................................................................................................... 84
17.2 SMTHD2 ........................................................................................................ 85
17.3 ST23A ............................................................................................................ 85
18. Assignment 3: SMT - Recorder ..................................................................... 86

Objectives
Recognize the background knowledge for PCB designed

Hands on the basic layout techniques

Use PADS Layout to design your printed circuit
Create a board outline or import it from mechanical CAD tools
Add new component decals/footprints to your library
Place and route your components within the constraints of your design rules and
layer settings
Create copper fill areas
Verify your design conforms to those rules
Create PCB fabrication documents and Gerber output

PADS Flow

Training Objectives &
PADS Layout Flow
Electronics Unit , Industrial Centre , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

PADS Layout Training Manual 1

1. Technical Overview

PADS Layout is a robust PCB editing environment for efficiently designing and
routing complex PCBs.
Netlist import, reads in:
o Component attributes
o Design rules
o Net constraints
o Schematic agnostic

Component creation:
o Wizard-driven
o Fast, accurate land-pattern generation

Component placement:
o Easy, precise
o Manual or automatic
o Allows group placement & rotation

Routing significantly improved in PADS2007
o Fast, efficient
o Shape-based, any-angle
o Interactive or automatic
o High completion rates
o Minimal post-route rework

Split & mixed-plane definition
o Custom thermal pads
o Cutout support
o Embedded planes & routes
o Connectivity checks

Automation
o OLE (object linking & embedding)
o Visual Basic engine with automated script wizard
o Enables easy customization & advanced integration

Cross-probing
o Bidirectional, between schematic & layout
o Between PADS Layout and Excel


2. PCB CAD Layout Considerations

2.1 Basic Considerations

- Component parts
Association of Symbols and Physical Packages
Documentation information

- Symbols (for schematic drawing)
Symbol Graphics
Gate and pin definition
Swap ability

- Physical Package
Body outline
Physical data (e.g. height)
Pad and pin definition
Solder Resist and Solder Paste Definition
Silk-screen graphics and text

Component Part
Symbols Physical Package



2.2 Board Setting

Design rules
Board outline
Working area
Holes and cut-outs
Restriction area
- Component
- Tracks
- Via
Layer definition
Grid

2.3 Design Rules

Signal track width
Power track width
Track to Track clearance
Track to Pad clearance
Track to Via clearance
Via to Pad clearance
Track to SMD pad clearance
Via to SMD pad clearance
Component to component clearance
Solder resist to Pad clearance
Silk-screen to Solder Pad clearance
Silk-screen line width
Silk-screen text height and thickness



2.4 Component Placement

Disperse Component
Automatic Cluster placement
Manual Component Placement

2.5 Routing

Interactive routing
Auto - routing
PADS Router



2.6 CAM Output

2.6.1 Photoplot - Gerber

GERBER Format:

G01 Linear Interpolation
G04 Ignore Record (e.g. Command record)
G54 Tool Select
G57 Display Symbol (On controller terminal)
D01 Tool Down (Draw)
D02 Tool Up (Move)
D03 Tool Flash (Move)
D10-19 Apertures 1 - 10
M00 Optional Stop
M02 End of program
* Command Terminator

Example

Photo-Plotter Apertures Report File Data File

Photo-Plotter Apertures Report
==============================
Position Width Hgt/ID Shape Qty
====== ===== ====== ===== ==
10 25 0 LINE
11 25 0 RND 112
12 28 0 LINE
13 15 0 LINE
15 50 0 LINE
18 62 0 RND 4
29 24 0 LINE
30 55 0 LINE
31 80 0 RND 2
32 140 0 RND 2
33 8 0 LINE

D10*
X9625Y7161D02*
Y7536D01*
Y7861D01*
X9275Y7886*
Y7811D03*
X0Y0D02*
D11
.
.
.
.
.

M02*



2.6.2 NC Drill - Excellon

EXCELLON Format:

% Separately Programmed In a Block Marking
C Tool Diameter
F Feed Rate
R Repeat Pattern
M01 Optional Stop
M02 End of Program
M30 End of Program Rewind
M48 Program Header

Example

Drill Sizes Report File Data File

Drill Sizes Report
==================
Tool Size Feed Speed Qty
==== ==== ==== ===== ===
1 12 0 0 112
2 37 200 500 4
3 52 200 500 2
4 100 200 500 2

%
T1F0S0
X03075Y019
X037Y014
T2F2S5
X03729Y00779
X037Y0175
T3F2S5
X02958Y013
X031Y01441
T4F2S5
X0276Y01639
X03439Y0096
M30



2.6.3 Pen Plotter

HPGL Format:

AR Arc relative
IN Initialize
IP Sets scaling points
LT Line type
PA Plot absolute
PD Pen down
PT Pen thickness
PU Pen up
SP Select pen
SC Scaling

Example:

1024;3:DF;CT1;PA;PU-20320,-16256;PR;
SP1;
PU 18313,15557;PD 0,1727;
PU 92,0;PD 18,0;
PD;AR -110,0,180.0,2;PA;PU594,560;PR;
PU -109,0;PD 18,0;
PU -102,915;PD 30,0;
PD 0,5;
PD -30,0;
PU 4,-59;PD -22,20;
PD -3,-3;
PD 21,-22;
PD 4,5;
PU;SP0;



3. File and Folder Structure of PADS Layout Installation

After PADS installation, PADS software will create the following file and folder
structures by default. It consists of a lot of documents and sample files for reference.

The \Documentation folder contains tutorial documents of the software.

The \Libraries folder directory stores the PADS part libraries.
Such as *.ld9, *.ln9, *.pd9.*.pt9

The \Program folder contains the executable files.

The \Samples folder contains some example drawings.

The \Settings folder contains setting files of PADS Layout.

The default working folder path is: (Remark: the current directory path C:\PADS Projects)

The \CAM folder stores the output files of the CAM commands.
Such as *.REP, *.PHO ...etc.

The \Reuse folder stores files of the Reuse function.

The \Samples folder contains some example drawings.



4. Design Process Overview

Taking a new design from concept to completion requires a designer to pay attention to
many details. We all know that designing a printed circuit board is a continuous process
of making design decisions and tradeoffs.

Throughout the design process, you must weigh a
number of conflicting factors and make calculated
design choices in order to obtain the best possible
design outputs.

Knowing that your design tools have the ability to
provide and manage the required content gives you
a strong foundation on which to build your design.

PADS PCB Design Solutions offer a fully featured
front-to-back design flow that allows you to balance
rules and constraints in an intelligent and
predictable manner to produce quality designs that
can be easily produced.

Though there are hundreds of operations you must
perform to produce a final design, we can distill the
process down to a few basic steps:

1. Gather the required library parts.

2. Capture the schematic.

3. Generate a netlist.

4. Construct the board outline.

5. Set up the design rules and constraints.

6. Place the components.

7. Route the board.

8. Verify the design.

9. Generate the CAM documents.



5. Getting Started in PADS - PADS LAYOUT for Windows

Double click the PADS icon to start the program

5.1 The PADS Interface

Design
Toolbar
Drafting
Toolbar
Dimensioning
Toolbar
ECO
Toolbar
Working Area
Origin
Information
windows



5.1.1 Toolbar with Command Buttons

Drafting Toolbar Design Toolbar ECO Toolbar

Dimension Toolbar



5.1.2 On the Screen

The system database and working area has a maximum horizontal and vertical value of
56.3 inch or 143 cm. The database is a square area. It has a resolution of 0.00001 inch
or 0.001mm. The origin is in the lower left hand corner of the screen.

5.1.3 Menu Windows:

The PADS Layout interface uses standard menus and dialog boxes common to UNIX
and Microsoft Windows application.

Example: Create a Board Outline:



5.1.4 Shortcut keys

PADS Layout provides macro-programmed Shortcut key as a standard feature for
quick menu access.

Ctrl- B View board
Ctrl- D Redraw
Ctrl- E Move
Component
Ctrl- F Flip selected
Ctrl- G Create Union
Ctrl- H Highlight
Ctrl- I Spin selected
Ctrl- K Create cluster
Ctrl- Q Query / Modify
Ctrl- R Rotate
selected
Ctrl- Z Undo
Ctrl-Alt -E View extents
Ctrl-Alt -F Selection filter
Ctrl-Alt -P View previous
Ctrl-PgDn Reset relative
coords
Esc Cancel
command
F1 Help
F2 Add route
F3 Dynamic
route
F4 Toggle layer
pair
F5 Select pin pair
F6 Select net
M Right click
with mouse
Space bar Left click with
mouse
Tab Cycle pick

5.1.5 Modeless Commands

Modeless commands usually apply to specifications that must commonly be changed in
any mode; leave, grid, or line width must be altered when editing text, drawing lines,
routes or any other database element. With the modeless command G , for example,
you can change by typing G , and the new setting . You can change the current level by
typing L and the new desired level.

Summary of frequently used modeless PADS Layout commands:

AA Any angle G<xx> Grid global setting
AD Diagonal angle L<n> Changes current layer to specified
AO Orthogonal angle N<s> Highlights specified net
D
Display last current layer on/off.
PL<n><n> Paired layer command
DRI DRC Ignore Clearance RE<n> Multiple redo command
DRO Turn off DRC Mode S<s> Search for specified ref. Des/pin
DRW DRC Warm S<n><n> Search using absolute coords
E Toggle end via / no via UN<n> Multiple undo command
M Open pop-up menu W<n> Change width to specified
O Toggle outline display R Set min. display width to specified
PO Pour outline on / off X Text outline on / off
SS Search & select by ref. Des. PN Toggles pin number display on or off.
GD Dot grid setting Q Quick Measure.
M Open pop-menu QL Quick Length.
VA Automatic via selection T Toggle Transparent Mode.
VP Use partial via UM
Sets Design Units to mils.
VT Use through-hole via UMM
Sets Design Units to millimeters
GP Polar grid on/off.

Ps: (x , y) = coordinates ; (s) = text ; (n) = number



5.2 Information Windows

Menu now
selected
System Grid
Setting
Postage Stamp area
of zoom relative to
board outline


5.3 Numeric Keypad Commands

Numeric keypad zoom and pan command

Redraw : Repaints the screen without changing the size or position of viewing
window.

Home : Move the cursor over the data which you wish to appear in the centre of
the screen. The display is re-drawn so the area under the cursor is moved to
the centre of the viewing area, with no scale change.



6. Exercise 1: PADS Environment Setup

6.1 Set up Global Parameters

Tools OptionsGeneral

Cursor Style: Display the cursor as an arrow, which is normal, a small cross, a large
cross, or a Full screen cross hair.

Cursor Pick Radius: Enter the radius of picking area from cursor. Control the picking
area of object from the cursor. The biggest the value is, picking
area from cursor is larger.

Units Type: Mils (thousands of an inch), metric units or inches.

Minimum Display Width: The minimum display width for any lines. Any line width
is less than this value, its actual width will be shown.

Backup Interval: Allow user to set the backup interval in minutes. Backup copy will
be saved automatically whenever interval is reached. The backup
file name is layout.pcb.
When the Command is selected, the screen displays a pull-down menu. To select
A parameter setting, selects it with the Mouse, enter a new value and click <OK >
After you have changed all desired parameters. Select Apply. The display is redrawn
with the new selections active.



6.2 Set up Display

Setup Display Colors

In general,
Layer 1)Top and 2)Bottom for artwork (component side & solder side),
Layer 24)Drill Drawing for a drill drawing
Layer 26)Silkscreen Top and 29)Silkscreen Bottom
Layer 28)Solder Mask Bottom for a solder mask
Layer 27)Assembly Drawing Top

To change a color for an item, first you must make the color active by clicking it
with the left mouse button. The rectangle centered directly below the palette line
displays the color you have selected. Now bring the cursor down over a level of an
item and click the left mouse button. The Level number is boxed by the color you have
selected .

To make an item invisible, place the cursor over the same color as the screen
background and make it active.
Set All items on Top to Yellow , except Errors . Set Errors to Red.
Set All items on Bottom to Light Blue , except Errors . Set Errors to Green.
Set Connections to Red.
Set Background to Black .
Set Selection to Green.
Set Board Outline to White .
Set Top (Layer 1) to White .
Set Labels -- Ref . Des to Purple .

Save Configuration to your
Student number.



6.3 Setup Global Size and Grids

Tools Options Drafting
Tools Options Grids

In Global Size Modeless Command the left numbers are the default numbers that an
item takes when a database is initially created. Every time you make a change to the
width of these line items. The right numbers show the size of an item as it is
currently in the database.

W n: Modeless Command, Change lines and route width.

H m W n: Modeless Command, Change the default text size.

G X: In Grids Modeless Command , Changes current cursor grid .
For example, G 25 (0.025 inch), PADS is actually locating to the 0.025
inch point.



7. Exercise 2: Music Board



8. Create Board Outline

Note: (Click Right Button to complete)

8.1 Set Origin

(G25) Setup Origin

Using Setup, move the system origin by placing the cursor about 2 inches down
and to the left of the centre of the screen

G X: Modeless Command, Changes current cursor grid. For example, G 25 (0.025
inch), PADS is actually locating to the 0.025 inch point.

8.2 Create Polygon

Boar Click Right Button

( Drafting ) ( Board Outline )

( S 0 0 ) Click Left Button ( or Press Spacebar ) ( S 2300 0 ) ...

( S 0 1900 ) Click Right Button ( S 0 0 ) Complete < dbl_click >

S x y : Modeless Command , Search for an X-Y location or for parts.

The Coordinate of outline
X Y
0 0
2300 0
2300 1900
2200 2000
100 2000
0 1900

(150,150) (2150,150)
(150,1800) (2150,1800)
Origin (0,0)



8.3 Create Arc ( P1 )

( G5 ) Click Mouse Right Button

Select Outline Click Mouse Right Button

Place the cursor over the 45 segments, and then select Pull Arc . Pick the cursor
over the two 45 corners and move the cursor outward.

8.4 Create Arc ( P2 )

Click Mouse Right Button

Select Outline Click Mouse Right Button

Properties.



8.5 Place 2D line

Call up the 2D Lines item Arr200 (dimensioning arrow ) rotate and place it to the
Board .

Remark: Ctrl +R for Rotate, Ctrl +E for Move

8.6 Create Text

L n: Modeless Command, Changes current level or layer. If enter L0 all texts will
add to < All layers > .

Now enter the following text upper the arrows: REDUCE TO 2.300 +\- 0.001
REDUCE TO 2.000 +\- 0.001

Remark: The default height is 100, width is 10

( Arr200 )

( Text )
( G5
)



8.7 Change Text Size

Create a text: Music Box 001-010-B to < All layers > and height is 100,
width is 10


Select Music Box 001-010-B Double Click

Change Text Size to 200 and width to 10

8.8 Add a Component

ECO

Press OK

Add Component

Enter MTHOLE
Press Add
( P1 .. P4 )



Select P1 Click Mouse Right Button

Select Properties Key in location: 150 , 1800 Press Ok Select P2
..

The coordinate of MTHOLE is
P1 150 , 1800
P2 2150 , 1800
P3 2150 , 150
P4 150 , 150

8.9 Save Job

File/save as OUTLINE.PCB



9. Exercise 3: Load the Parts and Parts Placement

9.1 ASCII In

File Import ( THMUSIC.ASC )

We will now load the part and connection files into memory along with the board
outline

9.2 Place Parts

(G25) SS U1 ( Select Component and Move )

Design Move
S 800 1800 [ Rotate 90 (Ctrl-R) Or Flip Side ( Ctrl - F )
Or Any angle ( Ctrl - I ) ] Click

Remark: Modeless Command SS for Search & Select by Reference designator

Select and Move Component



9.2.1 The Coordinates of Components:

REF PTYP ORI XLOC YLOC
C1 CAP+ 0.0 300 1100
C2 CAP+ 0.0 300 900
C3 CAP 0.0 1625 1475
C4 CAP 180.0 1500 1100
C5 CAP 270.0 1000 300
C6 CAP+ 270.0 1900 1100
C7 CAP 180.0 1900 900
JP1 M_HD3 0.0 400 1500
JP2 M_HD2 270.0 300 500
P1 MTHOLE 0.0 150 1800
P2 MTHOLE 0.0 2150 1800
P3 MTHOLE 0.0 2150 150
P4 MTHOLE 0.0 150 150
R1 R1/4W 270.0 300 700
R2 R1/4W 0.0 300 300
R3 R1/4W 270.0 1000 900
R4 R1/4W 270.0 1725 1700
R5 R1/4W 0.0 1725 1600
R6 R1/4W 0.0 1300 925
R7 R1/4W 0.0 1450 300
SP1 M_HD2 270.0 1900 1700
SW1 M_SW 0.0 300 1300
TR1 9014 0.0 1300 600
TR2 9012 270.0 1900 650
U1 UM3482 270.0 800 1800

9.3 ASCII File In

THMUSIC.ASC

*PADS-PCB
*Part*
C4 CAP
C7 CAP
C5 CAP
R3 R1/4W
R2 R1/4W
R4 R1/4W
C6 CAP+
R1 R1/4W
R6 R1/4W
R7 R1/4W
C1 CAP+
C2 CAP+
C3 CAP
R5 R1/4W
TR2 9012
TR1 9014
JP2 M_HD2
JP1 M_HD3
SW1 M_SW
SP1 M_HD2
U1 UM3482
*End
*PADS-PCB
*Net
*Sig N1
R2.2 R3.2 C5.1
*Sig N3
U1.9 R3.1
*Sig N4
C5.2 R7.1
*Sig N5
C2.2 R1.2 U1.7
*Sig N6
U1.12 R6.2 R7.2
*Sig N7
C3.*1 R5.1 R4.1
*Sig N8
C3.2 U1.13
*Sig N9
R5.2 U1.14
*Sig N10
R6.1 C6.2 TR2.C C7.2 C4.1
TR1.C
*Sig N11
R4.2 U1.15
*Sig N12
U1.10 C7.1 TR2.B
*Sig N13
C6.1 SP1.2
*Sig N14
JP1.2 U1.3
*Sig N15
C4.2 U1.11 TR1.B
*Sig N16
SW1.NO U1.4
*Sig VCC
SP1.1 TR2.E C1.1 C2.1 *Sig
*End


9.4 Move Part Name

[ Rotate 90 (Ctrl-R) Flip Side ( Ctrl - F ) ,
Any angle ( Ctrl - I ) ] Click

Move Reference Designator
Click

The Move command is used to move the reference designation and part type names
from their default position on the part decal to a new location outside the part decal
such that the names can be seen when components are installed on the board.



9.5 Create Text

Click Drafting icon Text icon, Set 26)Silkscreen Top color White
Set Size (100 ) and LineWidth (10) OK

Now enter the following text upper the arrows:

THE HK POLYU -- INDUSTRIAL CENTRE
MUSIC BOX 001- 010 - B

Setup Display Color Select favor color from the Selected
Color Panel Select the favor items in Color by layer panel
Click Apply OK

Set TEXT 1)Top to WHITE.
Set TEXT 2)Bottom to BLUE
Set TEXT 24)Drill Drawing to PURPLE .
Set TEXT 26)Silkscreen Top to RED
Set TEXT 28)Solder Mask Bottom to GREEN

e.g. Set TEXT Layer 1(Top) to WHITE.

Step 1: Click the White color from Select Color Panel.

Step 2: Using Left mouse button to select the Text item.

Step 3: Click the Apply button.



9.6 Create Other Side Text

Click Drafting icon Text icon Set layer Size ( H100 W10 )

Layer ( X ) Size Text
1 H100 W10 COMPONENT SIDE
2 H100 W10 SOLDER SIDE
24 H100 W10 DRILL DRAWING
26 H100 W10 SILKSCREEN TOP
28 H100 W10 SOLDER MASK

9.7 Save Job

File Save/Save as PLACE.PCB


10. Exercise 4 : Connection Routing

10.1 Setup Trace Width before Routing

Setup/Design Rules Click Default icon Click Clearance icon
Set default Width and Clearance Ok

Setup/Design Rules Click Net icon Pick Net name
Select VCC and GND( hold Ctrl key ) Click Clearance icon
Set the Width and Clearance Ok



10.2 Manual Routing

L2 Select connection wire ( the net will display to Status windows ) Click
Right mouse button Route ( F2 )

To route connection, pick up the
connection wire by using left mouse
button then click right button to
select route item. This connection
will be routed on layer 1. If you
want to change layer to bottom 2 by
using modeless command



10.3 Modify Route

Pick up the trace Click Right Mouse button Route , Add Miter, delete
Miter, Modify width Complete

Using various Modify
subcommands including Add
Corner, Move Corner, etc. to
modify point-to-point routes.

Pick up the trace and Press Del
to unroute the trace .

10.4 Create Text to Solder Side

Drafting icon Text icon Select layer 2 Mirror Size ( H100 W10 )
Ok

Now enter the following text to the board:

HK POLYU INDUSTRIAL CENTRE
MUSIC BOX
001- 010 - B
10.5 Save Job

File/save as ROUTER.PCB



11. Exercise 5: Checking

11.1 Check Clearance

Select a trace and set width: 100 Tools Verify Design Tools
Verify Design Start.

The Clearance Check function examines all of, or a part of the board and evaluates the
distance or space between pads, via and routes, against your pre-programmed spacing
criteria. It then reports any violations in the form of error symbols at the screen adjacent
to the location of the error.

The Drill to Drill Checks that overlapping is concentric. It also checks that vias are not
placed on top of or concentric with component pads.

Remark: Use Verify design Dialog box to monitor the error

11.2 Save Job

File/save as CHECK.PCB
Space Error


12. Exercise 6: Create Copper Pour

12.1 Create Copper Pour

Right Mouse button

Drafting Create Copper Pour Outline

Create Copper Pour Outline Set width : 10 , Layer : Bottom , Net : GND

Press OK

Tools Pour Manager Flood Flood All Start

Remark: Copper pour hatch is not stored with a design file when the file is saved and
closed , although the hatch outline are . When you load a file, you must use
H ATCH ALL to regenerate and display the drawn hatch.

Tools Pour Manager Hatch All

12.2 Save Job

File/save as FINAL.PCB



13. Exercise 7 : CAM ( Computer Aided Manufacturing )

13.1 Artwork

File Cam Create Directory Music Add Select Print ( Artwork2 )
Set Layer Set Option Preview Run



Press Run button to print out the desired artwork as below:



13.2 Silkscreen

File Cam Select Directory Music Add Select Print ( Silkscreen )






13.3 Solder Mask

File Cam Select Directory Music Add Select Print ( SolderMask )






13.4 Drill Drawing

File Cam Select Directory Music Add Select Print ( Drill Drawing )
Set Layer Set Option Set Symbols Preview Run



Setup Drill Symbols






13.5 Create NC Drill File

Tools Options Global Set Design Units: Metric

File Cam Select Directory Music Add ( NC Drill ) Device
Setup Set Excellon Run

Press Run button to generate NCDrill files ( drl00.drl ) and ( drl00.rep ) in the output
folder.
[ C:\PADS Projects\CAM\MUSIC] .



Tools table of drill machine for student

Tool Diameter Tool Diameter
Number mm Mils Number mm Mils
T25 0.50 20 T41 2.10 83
T26 0.60 24 T42 Nil Nil
T27 0.70 28 T43 2.30 91
T28 0.80 32 T44 2.40 94
T29 0.90 36 T45 2.50 98
T30 1.00 39 T46 2.60 102
T31 1.10 43 T47 Nil Nil
T32 1.20 47 T48 2.80 110
T33 1.30 51 T49 Nil Nil
T34 Nil Nil T50 3.00 118
T35 1.50 59 T51 3.10 122
T36 1.60 63 T52 Nil Nil
T37 1.70 67 T53 Nil Nil
T38 1.80 71 T54 Nil Nil
T39 Nil Nil T55 Nil Nil
T40 2.00 79 T56 3.60 142

Examples:

1/4W resistor or ceramic Capacitor uses 0.8 mm drill size, i.e. T28.
Small size Tact Switch or Header uses 1mm drill size, i.e. T30.
Large size Tact Switch uses 1.2mm drill size, i.e. T32.
Mounting hole for 3mm screw uses 3.0mm drill size, i.e. T50.



Drl00.drl

%T1F2S5
X003Y003
X003Y005
X005Y005
X003Y007
X003Y009
X005Y009
X005Y011
X003Y011
X003Y013
X005Y013
X004Y015
X004Y016
X004Y017
X008Y018
X008Y017
X008Y016
X008Y015
X008Y014
X008Y013
X008Y012
X008Y011
X007Y007
X007Y003
X01Y003
X01Y005
X01Y009
X011Y011
X011Y012
X011Y013
X011Y014
X011Y015
X011Y016
X011Y017
X011Y018
X01325Y017
X01325Y016
X01425Y01475
X01625Y01475
X013Y01325
X015Y01125
X015Y00925
X013Y00925
X014Y007
X013Y006
X015Y006
X0145Y003
X012Y003
X0185Y003
X01825Y00575
X01725Y00675
X01725Y00925
X01725Y01125
X01725Y016
X01725Y017
X01925Y01725
X01925Y01525
X01925Y01125
X01925Y00925
X01925Y00675
T2F2S5
X0015Y0015
X0015Y018
X0215Y018
X0215Y0015
M30

Drl00.rep

Drill Sizes Report
==================
Tool Size Feed Speed Qty
==== ==== ==== ===== ===
1 0.9398 200 500 59
2 2.9972 200 500 4

According T-table tools dimension to change tools number:

T1 ( 0.9398 mm ) Round toT30 ( 1.00 mm)
T2 ( 2.9972 mm ) Round to T50 ( 3.05 mm)

Delete NC command Fx & Sx

T1F2S5
X003Y003
X003Y005
.
.
T2F2S5
X0015Y0015
X0015Y018
T30
X003Y003
X003Y005
.
.
T50
X0015Y0015
X0015Y018



13.6 Create Gerber File

File Cam Select CAM Directory Music Add ( Photoplotting ) Select Photo
Device Setup Select Advanced Select RS274X OK



File Cam Select CAM Directory Music Add ( Photoplotting ) Select Photo
Device Setup Select Options Select Layers Run

Select Options



Select Layers



14. Exercise 8: Create Parts Library

In this chapter we will learn some basics of creating parts and storing them in the parts
library. Although the library consists of many common parts in the general design, very
often you need to create some parts to be used in your own design, and hence build up
your own library.

When you are creating a new part you must always remember that there are two separate
entries you will need to make. These are :

1. The Part Decal ---A Part Decal is the footprint of a component used to display the
component at the screen or on a plotter. You can create your own
part decals with the Create Part Decal command . These will be
saved to the Part Decal database of the User Library. Outlines and
part Stack assignments for a part Decal are included in the Part
Decal database.

2. The Part Type --- The Part Type database contains the electrical data for each part in the
database. Electrical data consists of gate information, pin information,
technology, ground and power pin identification , and other related item
, Each part is entered into the Part Type database and is cross referenced
to its associated Part Decal by the Part Decal name contained in the part
type . Create and modify the part type data with the Create, Part Type
routine of PADS .

The Same Part Decal can be used for many different parts . Part Decal DIP14 , for example ,
is the footprint for a 14 pin DIP and can be used on all 14 Pins IC contained in the in the
part type database in either the User area or the Standard area .



14.1 Create and Setup a New Library

PADS shops with three libraries called:

TTL ... for 5400 and 7400 series parts.
STD ... for all but 5400 and 7400 series parts.
USR ... for parts you create.

Each of these libraries consists of four database :
1. 2-D line ( non - electrical drawn items )
2. CAE Decals ( contain pin and gate information )
3. Part Decals ( physical extent of the part )
4. Part Type ( The information needed to access the different databases )

File Library Create New lib ( Your Student Number ) OK

Library list Add (Your Student Number) OK
Select the <Your student Number> library and press UP bottom
to rearrangement the select position of library



Setup Library

Choose File/Library to open the Library Manager. Use the library Manager to perform operations
associated with editing and copying the contents of libraries,

When you add a part to the design, you are actually retrieving information about that part from the library.
The Manage Lib List dialog box contains a list of libraries to search.
Choosing Manage Lib list , select the <\user.> library and press Add bottom to add the training library
( enc_training_e.pt9 ) from C:\PADS Projects or other location .



14.2 Create a Through -Hole Component ( TEST_PAD )

14.2.1 Create Part Decal ( Terminal )

( G 100 ) Tools PCBDecal Editor S 0 0

Drafting icon Terminal

Place First Pin Left mouse button to place First pad

14.2.2 Create Part Decal (Outline)

(G 50) Set coordinates Create polyline

2-D line icon

[

Select the polyline Click right mouse button Split Swap Orthogonal

* From -50, 100 Cut to 0 , 100 and 0, 200 to -50 ,200 .

The Coordinate of Outline
X Y
-50 50
950 50
950 250
-50 250



Select the polyline Click right mouse button Pull Arc

* From 0,150 to 50 , 150

14.2.3 Modify Pad Stack

Padstack changes the size, shape and drill hole of component parts and vias in the
current design .

Setup Pad stacks







* Layer : T (top) , B (bottom) , I(inner) or a specific layout number .

* Diameter : is the current design units.

* Shape : Oval Finger, Rectangular, Round, Square, Annular, Odd

* Drill : is the finished size of the drilled hole for the pad after plating .



14.2.4 Display different layout of pad

Setup Display Colors

Set Background to Black
Set Pads Top to Yellow
Set Pads Bottom to Blue

Set Background to Black Set Background to Black
Set Pads Top to Yellow Set Pads Top to Black
Set Pads Bottom to Black Set Pads Bottom to Blue

14.2.5 Move Reference and Part Type

( G50 ) Move Name

14.2.6 Save Part Decal

Files Save Decal as C:\MentorGraphics\9.3PADS\SDD_HOME\Libraries\
Your Student Number TEST_PAD



14.2.7 Create Part Type

Press Yes to Create a new Part Type.

Press Save As.. to set the Name of Part Type

14.2.8 Edit Part Type

Files Library Part icon Edit



Part information appear General

Part information appear PCB decal



Part information appear Pins

Part information appear Pin Mapping



On the Form:

Logic Family:

Logic Family Ref. Logic Family Ref.
RES ( RESISTOR ) R TRX ( TRANSISTOR ) Q
TTL ( TTL IC ) U XFR ( TRANSFORMER ) T
CMO ( CMOS IC ) U CHO ( CHOKE ) L
ECL ( ECL IC ) U CON ( CONNECTOR ) J
ANA ( ANALOG IC ) U RLY ( RELAY ) RL
CAP ( CAPACITOR ) C SCR ( SCR ) TH
DIO ( DIODE ) D TRC (TRIAC ) TH
ZEN ( ZINER ) Z SWI ( SWITCH ) SW
UND ( UNDEFINED ) ?

Non -Number Pin Number: define the pin name of pin number.

PCB Decal and Alternators: define the Part Decal that will be called up. When the part
type is called up on the board , the placement command
of move, alternate will allow the designer to select
between the part decal .

14.2.9 Save Part Type

Press Save As.. to set the Name of Part Type



Add a Component

14.2.10 Add a Component

ECO Select ( TEST_PAD ) Add Place ( U1 & U2 )

14.2.11 Change to alt . decal

Select Component ( U2 ) Click Right mouse button

14.2.12 Check the pin name

ECO Add Connection

Design Add Route



14.3 Create a Surface Mount Component ( S\SOT23 )

Create Part Decal ( Terminal )

( Set Design Grid ) Tools PCB Decal Editor


S 0 0 Place First Pin Left mouse button to place First pad .

Save as Your Student Number libraries: S\SOT23

Pin 1 0 , 0
Pin 2 -75 , 0
Pin 3 -37 , -120

X Y
-100 -175
25 -150
25 25
0 50
-100 50



Create Part Type ( S\SOT23 )

Files Library Part icon New

Save as Your Student Number libraries: S\SOT23



14.4 Create a Surface Mount Component ( S\PWR )

Create Part Decal ( Terminal )

( Set Design Grid ) Tools Decal Editor


S 0 0 Place First Pin Left mouse button to place First pad ..

Save as Your Student Number libraries: S\PWR

Setup Display Color

Set Background to Black
Set Copper TOP to Green

Drafting icon 2-D line icon New Polygon Complete

Drafting icon copper icon New Polygon Complete

Pin 1 0 , 0
Pin 2 0 , -100



Create Part Type ( S\PWR )

File Library click Decal icon

Click Part icon click New ..

Save as Your Student Number libraries: S\PWR

The Coordinate of Copper Outline
X Y
-30 -10
50 -10
50 115
65 115
65 240
-50 240
-50 115
-30 115
-30 -10
The Coordinate of Copper Outline
X Y
-30 -50
50 -50
50 -175
65 -175
65 -300
-50 -300
-50 -175
-30 -175
-30 -50

X Y
-65 -310
+75 -310
75 250
-65 250



14.5 KS5915

14.6 1M_DRAM



14.7 TM-062

14.8 SMT_LED



15. Exercise 9: SMT Music Board



15.1 Create Board Outline

S M T Music Box 001-010-C
The coordinates of
outline

Setup Display Color

Set Background t o Black
Set Top ( Layer 1 ) COPPER to YELLOW.
Set Top ( Layer 1 ) TEXT to YELLOW.
Set Bottom ( Layer 2 ) TEXT to BLUE
Set Drill Drawing ( Layer 24 ) TEXT to PURPLE .
Set Silkscreen Top ( Layer 26 ) TEXT to RED
Set Solder Mask ( Layer 28 ) TEXT to GREEN

15.2 Create Text

Level Size Text
0 H200 W10 REDUCE TO 2.000 INCHES
0 H100 W8 REDUCE TO 3.850 INCHES
0 H200 W10 S M T Music Box 001-010-C
1 H100 W10 MUSIC BOARD / DOOR BALL
1 H100 W 10 001-010-C
1 H 100 W8 THE HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
1 H150 W10 COMPONENT SIDE
2 H150 W10 SOLDER SIDE
24 H150 W10 DRILL DRAWING
26 H150 W10 SILKSCREEN COMPONRNT SIDE
26 H100 W10 MUSIC BOARD / DOOR BALL
28 H150 W10 SOLDER MASK

X Y
0 100
100 0
3750 0
3850 100
3850 1900
3750 2000
100 2000
0 1900

( 220,1730
)
( 220 , 190 ) ( 3610 , 190 )
( 3700 , 1550 )
( 3610 , 1730 )


15.3 Load the Parts and Parts Placement

Add a Component

Use the Add component icon to create a design by directly placing the parts on the
board and without starting a netlist input.

Click Eco icon Add Component M\SC\3528 Add C
C1, C2, C3



Rename Component

Click Eco icon Select Component


*PADS-PCB
*Part*
C1 M\SC\3528
C2 M\SC\3528
C3 M\SC\0805
C4 M\S\1206
C5 M\S\1206
C6 M\SC\7343
C7 M\S\1206
JP1 HD3
JP2 M\S\PWR
P1 PAD_3MM
P1 PAD_3MM
P1 PAD_3MM
P1 PAD_3MM
R1 M\S\1206
R2 M\S\1206
R3 M\S\1206
R4 M\S\1206
R5 M\S\1206
R6 M\S\1206
R7 M\S\1206
SP1 M\S\SP
SP2 SPEAKER
SW1 SW_PUSH
TR1 M\SOT-23
TR2 M\SOT-23
U1 DIP16
*End
Component Reference and part value

Reference Part Type
C1 M\SC\3528,4.7UF
C2 M\SC\3528,4.7UF
C3 M\SC\0805,47P
C4 M\S\1206,0.02UF
C5 M\S\1206,0.1UF
C6 M\SC\7343,100UF
C7 M\S\1206,0.02UF
JP1 HD3
JP2 M\S\PWR, HEADER2
P1 PAD_3MM
P2 PAD_3MM
P3 PAD_3MM
P4 PAD_3MM
P5 PAD_3MM
R1 M\S\1206,180K
R2 M\S\1206,100K
R3 M\S\1206,100
R4 M\S\1206,100K
R5 M\S\1206,56K
R6 M\S\1206,1M
R7 M\S\1206,330K
SP1 M\S\SP
SP2 SPEAKER
SW1 SW_PUSH
TR1 M\SOT-23,9014
TR2 M\SOT-23,9012
U1 DIP16,UM3482

The coordinates of the PAD_3MM pins are:

P1 3610 , 190
P2 220 , 190
P3 220 , 1730
P4 3610 , 1730
P5 3700 , 1550

The coordinates of the SPEAKER pin is:

SP2 1230 , 000
Place Opposite Parts:

Select the component Right mouse button Flip Size



15.4 Add Connection

ECO Edit/Find ( R2.2 ) Click Edit/Find ( R2.3 ) ..

PADS-PCB
*Net
*Sig N1
R2.2 R3.2 C5.1
*Sig N2
C2.2 R1.2 U1.7
*Sig N3
U1.9 R3.1
*Sig N4
C5.2 R7.1
*Sig N5
U1.12 R6.2 R7.2
*Sig N6
C3.1 R5.1 R4.1
*Sig N7
C3.2 U1.13
*Sig N8
R5.2 U1.14
*Sig N9
R6.1 C6.2 TR2.C C7.2
C4.1 TR1.C
*Sig N10
R4.2 U1.15
*Sig N11
U1.10 C7.1 TR2.B
*Sig N12
C6.1 SP1.2
*Sig N13
JP1.2 U1.3
*Sig N14
C4.2 U1.11 TR1.B
*Sig N15
SW1.2 U1.4
*Sig VCC
SW1.1 JP2.1 JP1.3
U1.2 SP1.1 TR2.E
C2.1 R1.1 *Sig VCC
C1.1 U1.16 R2.1
*Sig GND
U1.8 JP2.2 TR1.E
JP1.1 C1.2 U1.5
*End

Move Part Name:

Click Part name Move

The Move name command is used to move the reference designation and part type
names from their default positions on the part decal to a new location outside the part
decal such that the names can be seen when components are installed on the board.

Save Job:
File/ save as SMTPLACE.PCB



15.5 Connection Routing :

Setup Routes Width :
Setup Design Rules Net VCC and GND Set width (40)

The Width of GND and VCC nets will change to 40 mil.

Manual Routing ( Add Arc ) :
Setup Preference Design Miters ( Arc and Auto Miter )

Pick up the I ntersection Point of two segment


Manual Routing ( UNROUTE ) :

Click the trace Press Del from Keyboard

Segment ( one corner ) Route ( point to point ) Net ( all connect of net )



15.6 Create Copper Pour

Right Mouse button

Drafting Create Copper Pour Outline

Create Copper Pour Outline

Drafting

Set width : 10 , Layer : Top , Net : GND Press OK Yes

Copper Pour

15.7 Checking

Tools Verify Design Clearance and Drill

15.8 Save Job

File/ Save as Smtmusic.pcb

15.9 CAM ( Computer Aided Manufacturing )

Cam Add Penplot Artwork Layer

1. Artwork : layout 1 ( Component Side )
2. Silkscreen : layout 26,29 ( Component side & Solder Side )
3. Solder Mask : layout 24 ( Component Side )
4. Solder Mask : layout 28 ( Component Side )
5. Create NC drill File



16. Assignment 1: Power Supply



Design Criteria :

1. One Layer Board ( Layer 2 )
2. Copper Pour
3. Single Route > 15 mil.
4. All Segments must be ARC.
5. All spacing except Copper Pour to be 15 mils, Copper Pour clearance to be 20
mils
6. Board Size must be less than 2 inch x 2 inch.
7. Place Mounting Hole ( PAD_3 MM ) in each corner .
8. Place dimension ( REDUCE TO ....... ) outside of the board.
9. Re-number the layout.
10. Place text Solder Side , Silkscreen , Solder mask outside of the
board.
11. Place text 0 -25 V Power Supply on the Component Side in all layers .
12. Create all Plotter files -- Solder side, Silkscreen....
13. Preview all plotter files.

**** Use ECO -- Add Conn command to link up all connections and
perform routing.

Mapping :

Ref Part Type
C1 CAPT\RAD\1\2
C2 CAPT\RAD\1\2
C3 CAPE\RAD\2\4
C4 CAP
D1 DIODE
D2 DIODE
D3 DIODE
HD1 CON\SIP\2P
HD2 CON\SIP\2P
R1 R1/4W
U1 TO-220\UP
VR1 CON\SIP\3P





17. Assignment 2: SMT - Amplifier



Design Criteria :

2. Copper Pour
3. Single Route > 15 mil.
5. All spacing except Copper Pour to be 15 mils, Copper Pour clearance to be 20
mils.
8. Place Dimension ( REDUCE TO ....... ) outside of the board .
10. Place text Solder Side , Silkscreen , Solder mask ......... outside of
the board
11. Place text SMT Amplifier on the Component Side in all layers.
12. Creat all Plotter files -- Solder side, Silkscreen....

*** Use ECO -- Add Conn command to link up all connection and perform
routing.
File Path :

Netlist files --- 1. C:\PADS Projects\AMPPART.ASC
2. C:\PADS Projects\AMPCONN.ASC

AMPPART.ASC:

*PADS-PCB
*Part*
C1 CC0805
C4 SMTC100
C3 CC1210
R1 RC1206
R2 RC1206
C2 CC1210
VR1 ST23A
HD1 SMTHD2
U1 DIP8\SO
HD2 SMTHD2
LS1 SMTHD2
*End

AMPCONN.ASC:

*PADS-PCB
*Net
*Sig N1
R1.1 HD1.2
*Sig N2
R1.2 C1.1 VR1.A
*Sig N3
R2.1 U1.1
*Sig N4
R2.2 C3.1
*Sig N5
VR1.WIPER C2.1
*Sig N6
C2.2 U1.3
*Sig N7
U1.5 C4.1
*Sig N8
C4.2 LS1.1
*Sig N9
U1.8 C3.2
*Sig VCC
HD2.2 U1.6
*Sig GND
HD2.1 C1.2 HD1.1
VR1.B U1.2 U1.4 LS1.2
*End


Mapping:



Create Parts:

17.1 SMTC100

= 7343



17.2 SMTHD2

17.3 ST23A

PAD SPACE = 300 MIL
(CENTRE TO CENTRE )


18. Assignment 3: SMT - Recorder



Design Criteria :

2. Copper Pour
3. Single Route > 15 mil .
5. All spacing except Copper Pour to be 15 mils , Copper Pour clearance to be 20
mils .
8. Place Dimension ( REDUCE TO ....... ) outside of the board .
10. Place text Solder Side , Silkscreen , Solder mask ... outside of the
board.
11. Place text SMT Recorder on the Component Side in all layers.
12. Create all Plotter files -- Solder side, Silkscreen....

**** Use ECO -- Add Conn command to link up all connection and
perform routing .
File Path :

Netlist files --- C:\PADS Projects\SMTREC.ASC

Part :

Ref. Part Type
BATT. HD2
C1 CC05
C2 CAP_C1
C3 CC05
C4 CC04
C5 CC04
C6 CC04
C7 CC05
C8 CAP_C1
C9 CAP_C1
C10 CC05
C11 CAP_C1
C12 CC05
C13 CAP_R1
C14 CC05
C15 CAP_C1
C16 CC05
C17 CAP_R1
C18 CC05
C19 CAP_C1
CONN1 SIP\7P
CONN2 SIP\7P
D1 DIODE
D2 DIODE
DCJACK JACK1
JACK1 JACK2
LED1 LED
R1 R1/4W
R3 R0805
R4 R0805
R5 R0805
R6 R0805
R8 R1/4W
R9 R1/4W
R13 R0805
R14 R0805
R16 R0805
R17 R0805
R18 R0805
R19 R0805
S2 SW_TACT1
S3 SW_TACT1
S4 SW_TACT1
S5 SW_TACT1
SPK HD2
SW1 SWSPDT
U1 TK11650
U2 KS5915
U3 1M_DRAM
U4 LM386-SO
X1 MIC
Y1 DCRK640
Mapping:



Pads Layout

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Pads Layout

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Electronics

Potrebbero piacerti anche