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The BerlinJournal
A QUARTERLY FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY IN BERLIN CITIZENSHIP CONFERENCE ISSUE JUNE 1999
The End of
the Nation-State?
Reconsidering Past Loyalties
By Josef Joffe
, it would
A have been quite a surprise
if a
hundred years ago
NATASCHA VLAHOVIC
As the American
Academy concludes
its inaugural year, we
would like to convey to
our transatlanticcommunity something of
the esprit and the results, the atmosphere
and the optimism of those maiden activities.
It would have been impossible to always
be present at the Hans Arnhold Center, of
course, for what evolved into sixty evenings
of lectures, discussions, screenings, and
other gatherings. Our Berlin Prize Fellows
presented their work to audiences of colleagues and students,while other guest speakers whether the architect of the new
Chancellery Axel Schultes, the German
Constitutional Court justice Dieter Grimm,
the television commentator Rowland
Evans, or the Yale literary theorist Shoshana Felman marked out some of the disciplinary terrain we expect to traverse during the coming years. A sampling of this
intellectual exchange is conveyed in this
pilot issue of our Berlin Journal. Whether
film, politics, or economics, whether media, history, or architecture all these
fields, and more in fact, shall find an intellectual home in the Hans Arnhold Center of the American Academy in Berlin.
Defining Citizens
in a Global Context
Transatlantic convocation of experts and policymakers debates
consequences of migration policy in Germany and the United States.
Keynote speeches by Henry Cisneros and Otto Schily
Democrats upset the ruSlingChristian
coalition in the state of Hesse with a
everal months ago, the opposition
By William Drozdiak
W hat would be a scholars working
definition of paradise? Perhaps to live
in an idyllic mansion by a lake, surrounded by an eclectic array of stimulating
intellectuals, near the resources of one
of the worlds greatest cities for art and
culture, and removed from mundane
material demands of daily life.
Continued on Page 2
AMERICAN ACADEMY
Continued
Continued
HANS PUTTNIES
A Washingtonian in Berlin
By Gahl Burt
I am not sure
what has happened
to Americans during
the last 50 years.
Either they completely forgot that Berlin existed, or they
were afraid to go there, or they just did
not understand the wholeFour Powers
Occupation arrangement or perhaps, a
combination of all three. Whatever it
was, they seem to be making up for lost
time now.
Personal experience indicates that
Berlin is once again a destination on
the Grand Tour, a part of the summer
European itinerary and worthy of several
pages in the Sunday Times travel section.
I am almost afraid to go out now, as someone will inevitably come up to me and
request my assistance with his or her
holiday planning, research assignments,
or in gaining entrance to the Jewish
Museum.
I must confess, that as I tell my
friends where to go and what to do,
K NST
U
Philip Morris Kunstfrderung
Wie offen eine Gesellschaft ist, zeigt ihre knstlerische Entwicklung. Gerade
Knstler wirken als kritische und vorausahnende Kraft, die gesellschaftliche
Strmungen frh erkennt und zur Diskussion stellt. Deshalb frdert Philip
Morris weltweit seit ber 40 Jahren Knstlerinnen und Knstler, um ihre
innovativen, visionren Arbeiten einem mglichst breiten Publikum zu
vermitteln. Einer solchen Demokratisierung der Wahrnehmung entspricht,
da sich Philip Morris der Malerei und Bildhauerei genauso widmet wie dem
Film, Tanz und Theater.
Um den Dialog mit anderen Kulturrumen anzuregen, frdern wir das Berlin Prize Fellowship Programm for the Arts der American Academy in Berlin. Die ersten Preistrger sind Jenny Holzer und Sarah Morris, die whrend
ihres Studienaufenthaltes in der American Academy im Hans Arnhold Center
in Berlin leben und arbeiten werden.
Jenny Holzer
Kunstfrderung begreifen wir als unverzichtbaren Teil unserer unternehmerischen Verantwortung, den gesellschaftlichen Pluralismus und eine Zukunft
der Toleranz zu untersttzen.
The American
Academy
AMERICAN ACADEMY
The End
of the Nation-State?
By Josef Joffe
ussians in Israel
and America, or Turks in
Germany dont necessarily
want to become Israelis,
Americans, Germans for at least two
reasons: First, they are not longer cut
off from their old national identity, as
in those days when it took weeks or
even months to cross the ocean.
It is so easy to stay in the old
country today: via cable TV, phone, Internet and cheap international travel.
Second, they don't have to chose. They
are no longer forced to shed their old
identity. Assimiliation has been pushed
aside by multiculturalism. Indeed, the
Western nation-state has abdicated its
role as supreme educator and acculturator in favor of what most elites now
regard as the moral superiority of multiculturalism.
If the citizen no longer gives what
the state no longer demands, something must have happened to the nationstate. First, ideological change. The
classical nation-state emphasized a
national identity and culture consisting
of a common language, a common
canon of literature and historical interpretation, a set of common behavior
norms.
Multiculturalism emphasizes the
opposite. Group, race and gender are
more important than nation, and the
multiplicity of perspectives relativism
trumps any canon. Comprehensive
identities that would transcend group
and gender, race and class must be
deconstructed and rejected.
How to explain this transformation?
Lets begin by looking at the economic
basics. The classic nation- state was the
industrial state that arose in the late
18th century and culminated sometime in the mid-20th century. It came
with mass production and urbanization
which provided an enormous mobil-
The point is that nation and nationalism are very much tied up with the
warfare state and the warfare state is
on the way out, at least in the Western,
postindustrial world which I like to call
the Berlin-Berkeley Belt.
Which modern state was not born
in war? Spain was forged in the wars
against the Moors. England became
Britain in the wars against Scots and
Irish. The colonies became the United
States in their war against George III.
Italy and Germany were unified in war.
Soviet Russia was born in the defeat of
World War I and consolidated in the
triumph of the Great Patriotic War in
1941- 45. Israel became a state in war,
so did Pakistan, India, indeed most new
countries in Africa and Asia. To prevail, the national warfare state obviously
had to husband all these forces: the
leve en masse, the absolute loyalty of
the citizenry, the sinews of a command
economy (please note that the U.S. from
1942 to 1945 was run as if by Gosplan),
the belief in the moral superiority of the
state, and the systematic acculturation of
its subjects in the service of these needs.
If war in the blessed Berlin-Berkeley Belt is no more, the revaluation of
most values should not come as a surprise. Societies are no longer heeding
that violent, poetical excitement of
arms, as Tocqueville called it. Scores
today are settled in the balance of payments ledgers, not on the battlefield.
Brogues and cell phones are so much
more useful than tanks and jack boots.
Who needs to conquer Alsace-Lorraine if you can own it like all those
Germans who buy up unprofitable
farms as vacation homes. When the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, they had
a war on their hands. When they bought
it, not bullets and bombs were exchanged, but dollars and deeds. If war goes,
so do the classic virtues of the warfare
Who needs to
conquer Alsace-Lorraine
if you can own it?
The ethos of such societies will change,
too away from the ethos of the nationstate. Going or gone are such values as
national glory or sacrificefor the nation.
Conduct a self-test again. Ernest Renan
has claimed that a nation is bound together by the sacrifices of the past and
the readiness to renew them in the future. Do you believe in your national
destiny or mission, as in manifest
destiny or mission civilisatrice?
state: honor, faith, loyalty, courage, selflessness, obligation, discipline, selftranscendence. The place of these virtues has been taken by self-realization,
doing my own thing, acquisitiveness, the sybaritics instinct.
Damit kann man keinen Staat
machen, as the Germans say; thats no
way to build and run a state. The older
values are no longer functional because
the post-warfare state is not a powermaximizing entity.
AMERICAN ACADEMY
A Janus Face
Even more questionable is the fact
that the West European countries,
under the influence of the subjective
term nation, to this day hold on to the
notion that a lasting solution could be
achieved through the creation of zones
that are ethnically homogenous to the
degree possible, such as in the case of
Bosnia. With ideas such as this, they
have encouraged nationalists of Milosevics type.
In contrast, it appears that a solution
to national rivalries, which in Europe
are by no means fading away, can only
be reached via a combination of personal
and territorial autonomy, as practiced
in Estonia during the interwar period.
The implementation of the nationstate principle, which in 1919 was seen
as self-evident, is showing its Janus face
once again today. Ernest Gellner has
already pointed out that the number
of ethnic groups which can lay claim to
national independence are nearly without limit, as proven by a look at Russia
and its bordering regions, China, and
India. From this point of view,a schematic extension of national rights to
Globalized Nationalism
Out of all this, it follows that nationalism is not simply disappearing for
the convenience of cosmopolitan
attitudes, but rather that it is able to
renew and intensify itself on lower levels.
For this reason, it is somewhat risqu to
speak of a zone between Berkeley and
Berlin which distinguishes itself by the
absence of traditional national attitudes,
apart from the fact that a tendency has
been appearing over the past decades
in the United States that makes it, as far
as nationalistic attitudes are concerned,
rather comparable with the nationally
characterized Europe of the period
prior to the World Wars.
National loyalties are not disappearing. Rather, they appear multilayered,
which means that they possess only
limited rights of validation and cannot
claim to represent political values of
the highest order. The refusal to complete military service and desertion,
previously crimes of high treason, are
seen today as less reprehensible than
before. The nation-state can no longer
demand the unconditional loyalty and
willingness to duty from its citizens.
National identities, in spite of possessing a notable historical consistency,
seem to be becoming more fluid in the
course of globalization and the growing
processes of transnational exchange.
As a social-psychological compensation
in face of the uniformity of material
civilizations, correctly predicted by
Marx, political functions, which reach
far beyond the protection of cultural
and linguistic identities, are multiplying.
Globalization does not mean the
dissolution but rather the multiplication
of nationalism on all levels of societal
formations.
No End
in Sight
By Jrgen Kocka
Renaissance
of the Nation-State
Were one to compare Europe of
1800 and Europe today, there is no
doubt that the portion of persons living
in nation-states increased considerably
during this time. The same is true when
one compares the world in 1900 with
the world of today. It is completely true
of the past ten years: the renaissance of
the nation-state in Central and Eastern
Redefining Relations
The national dimension of collective
memory shines strongly everywhere:
in the United States, surely, in England,
France, Switzerland, and Norway, but
also in Germany, even if the recollection
is one of collective responsibility for
crimes and collective suffering of
catastrophes. Nonetheless, one must
Foto: ZB-Fotoreport
AMERICAN ACADEMY
The Diplomacy
of Culture
inancial support for the American Academy in Berlin has come from
private individuals, corporations, foundations and government agencies on
both sides of the Atlantic. Contributions,
gifts and pledges now total $16 million
with about 70% of the funds coming
from U.S. sources and 30% from German donors. With an annual budget of
$2.4 million and con-struction/remodeling costs in excess of $3.5 million at
the Hans Arnhold Center, the Academy
is fully funded for 1999 and has a running start for the year 2000.
After a founding gift of $3 million
from Stephen and Anna-Maria Kellen
and the family of Hans and Ludmilla
Arnhold, that generous family contributed an additional $1 million and offered a $2 million challenge grant as
well as pledging funds to restore the gardens. Other large donors included John
Migration Problems
Compared
By Barbara Schmitter Heisler
to a variety of global economic and political forces that have impacted on both
countries, chipping away at state sovereignty and transforming the nation-state.
While economic globalization, fueled
by rapid technological change, has been
among the more pervasive explanations for convergence, other factors must
be taken into account. Convergence has
also been attributed to the very nature
of the liberal democratic state and the
institutionalization and growth of
international human rights regimes,
factors that have made it difficult to impose strict immigration control and to
tolerate substantial inequalities in the
rights and treatment accorded to immigrants. (Note, for example,that Middle
Eastern or Asian countries, such as Indonesia, have had no problems in forcing
the return of migrant workers and in
violating their human rights). Together
with globalization, these factors have
contributed to the self-feeding nature of
immigration, the expansion of rights
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Monday
Sunday
June 7
Saskia Sassen
Professor of Sociology, University
of Chicago
Moderated by
Craig Kennedy
President of the German Marshall
Fund, Washington, D.C.
June 6
7:30 p.m.
Opening:
Greetings and Introduction
Craig Kennedy
President of the German Marshall Fund
John C. Kornblum
Ambassador of the United States of America to Germany
Keynote Speeches
Henry Cisneros
President and Chief Operating Officer, Univision Communications, Inc.;
former United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
and former Mayor of San Antonio, Texas
Otto Schily
Federal Minister of the Interior, Germany
Ulla Jelpke
Member of the German Bundestag for the PDS, Bonn
Heiner Bartling
Minister of the Interior of Niedersachsen, Hanover
Jrg Schnbohm
Chairman of the CDU in the State
of Brandenburg; former Senator
of the Interior, Berlin; retired
General of the Bundeswehr
Marieluise Beck
Federal Commissioner for the
Affairs of Foreigners, Bonn
Moderated by
Barbara John
Commissioner for Foreigners,
Berlin
Tuesday
Beyond
Citizenship
GOVERNING MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION
IN GERMANY AND THE UNITED STATES
Monday
June 7
June 8
Klaus Bade
Professor at the Institute for
Migration Research, University of
Osnabrck
Cornelie Sonntag-Wolgast
Parlamentary Undersecretary of
State, Federal Ministry of the Interior, Bonn
Jorge Santibanez
Romelln
President, El Colegio de la
Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Mexico
Frank D. Bean
Ashbel Smith Professor of Sociology, University of Texas, Austin
Moderated by
Barbara Schmitter Heisler
Fellow of the American Academyin
Berlin and Professor of Sociology,
Gettysburg College, Pennsylvania
Riva Kastoryano
Senior Researcher in Sociology,
Center of International Studies,
C.N.R.S., Paris
Roger G. Kramer
Deputy Director of Immigration
Policy, U.S. Department of
Labor, Washington, D.C.
Ulrich Preu
Professor of Law, Free University
of Berlin
Ludger Pries
Professor of Sociology, University
of Gttingen
Moderated by
Patrick Weil
Professor of History, University
of Paris I (Sorbonne), Paris
Udo Steinbach
Director of the Orient Institute,
University of Hamburg
Cem zdemir
Member of the Bundestag for the
Green Party, Bonn
Rainer Mnz
Professor of Demography,
Humboldt University, Berlin
Aristide Zolberg
Director of the Center for
Migration, Ethnicity, and Citizenship, New School for Social
Research, New York
Moderated by
Kendall Thomas,
Fellow of the American Academy
in Berlin and Professor of Law,
Columbia University
Patrick Weil
Professor of History, University
of Paris I (Sorbonne), Paris
Susan Martin
Director, Institute for the Study of
International Migration, Georgetown University, Washington;
former Director, U.S. Commission
on Immigration Reform
Moderated by
Gary Smith
Executive Director, American
Academy in Berlin
Rainer Mnz
Professor of Demography,
Humboldt University, Berlin
AMERICAN ACADEMY
ANNETTE FRICK
Speak,
Memory
A Reminiscence of My Parents Home
By Anna-Maria Kellen
We have just heard from some exLtraordinary
people statesmen, diploadies and Gentlemen
12
I know now that that was due to my parents, who cared deeply about us. My
father and mother filled our home with
affection and happy times. So many of
my parents friends who visited here
were writers and artists and musicians
that in a real sense this house has always
been a cultural center.
But, memory is not always a wholly
accurate record. In reality, my sister
and I had little awareness of the difficult
times and difficult decisions our parents faced after World War I, first with
the inflation and then the brief artificial
prosperity, then the banking crisis, the
political uncertainty, and finally the
downfall of the Weimar Republic and
with it the end of the German democracy.
As I have grown older, of course, I have
become very aware of the complexities
and shadows of those times.
But, today is about looking forward.
Today, our trip into the past must point
us at the future. I believe my parents
would be pleased with what our house
has become. And I hope that the Academy will be the means for ever closer
ties between the people of the United
States and the people of Berlin for
many generations to come.
Fellow Anthony Seboks project involves a comparative study of punitive damages in the German and American legal systems, as well as the differing
notions of retribution, efficiency, and
corrective justice at the heart of their
philosophical foundations. In addition
to this work, most of which took place
at the faculty of law at Berlins Humboldt University Sebok took part in a
number of different conferences in
Germany and Europe, including the
Soros Conference on Transitions in
Budapest. He is also planning the first
of a series of symposia at the American
Academy on distinguished emigrs together with Humboldt colleague Bernhard Schlink.
HANS PUTTNIES
Public truth-telling about past atrocities with respect to the Nazi dictatorship
in Germany and the Apartheid regime in South Africa serve as the basis for
Donald Shrivers examination of how these two societies have attempted to
confront and master their pasts. Shrivers dynamic approach to his work, which
represents a continuation of his 1995 book An Ethic for Enemies: Forgiveness in
Politics, led to many meetings not only with German theologians, researchers,
teachers, church and political leaders but also high-school students.
13
AMERICAN ACADEMY
MARTIN LENGEMNN
T television crews pushed and whined when the four prodigal sons clim-
For Eskimos,
Heaven Does Not Exist
Without Hell
HANS PUTTNIES
14
On the Waterfront
Plotting a Berlin Novel with Ward Just
By Roger Cohen
in winter, a layered gray that begins
N
in the sky, permeates the air, penetrates
o place is more gray than Berlin
the buildings and gathers with bottomless intensity in the city's lakes. It is a
grayness that Ward Just, the novelist,
calls an atmosphere, and in atmospheres lie the germ of his imaginative
voyages.
One recently began here as Just gazed
at the metal-gray waters of the Wannsee. An icy wind was blowing over the
lake. On the far shore, just visible, was
the villa where SS officers led by Reinhard Heydrich gathered in January
1942 to decide the final solution
the extermination of European Jews.
Out on the lake two middle-aged men
were furiously rowing a double scull
against the wind.
So what do you make of that?
the author said, pulling an unfiltered
Camel from a packet in the breast
pocket of his rumpled tweed jacket and
lighting it slowly. Colder than hell.
Drizzle coming down. Never seen a
gray like it. That sinister villa. Two German guys, aged fifty or so, battling the
wind.
Just smiled: he likes such conundrums.
That's enough for me a situation, an
atmosphere, a vision. I never begin with
a plot. The hell with a plot. But with
time, with patience, the thing reveals
itself.
The thing does indeed. After twelve
novels, reflections on the delusions of
people and nations and the sometimes
permanent damage they suffer, it is
safe to say that Just will draw much
from that image of the dogged rowers.
On the pain of Germany, its midcentury catastrophe, its ineluctable battle
with memory, its sullen determination
and belief in itself, its discipline, its
romantic attraction to nature's unassuaged forces, its eternal mystery.
The old journalistic curiosity continues to drive him from a settled life out
into the world; and a darker side, a stormy undertow, has persistently drawn
him to Germany and Berlin.
STANDORT HIER
WH E N WE SU PPORT TH E ARTS,
ITS TH E ARTIST WHO PU LL TH E STRI NGS.
AMERICAN ACADEMY
The Way to
New Traditions
Richard C. Holbrooke
On Ideas and Institutions for the Generation
That has not seen the Berlin Wall
What is the purpose of the American
Academy in Berlin?
The purpose of the American Academy
in Berlin is two-fold: First, to provide a
center for American scholars, thinkers,
leading intellectuals and political figures to come to Berlin, to share their
experiences and to learn from the people of Berlin and Germany,that is to say,
to provide a living center for the exchange of ideas.
Secondly, there is a larger theory
behind it. When the American troops,
the famous Berlin brigade which had
guarded Berlin all during the Cold War,
left in September of 1994, I was American Ambassador to Germany, and I felt
very strongly that we should have something that would replace the troops,
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N@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@6K?
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@L?fJ@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@)Xf@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@6K?h?
?3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@6K?hf@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1?f7@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1f@@@@@@@@@?g3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@6K?g?
?N@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@6K?he@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?e?J@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@L?e@@@@@@@@@?gV'@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@6X?f?
3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@6X?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@?3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Le?7@@@@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1?e@@@@@@@@@?g?N@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@)Xf?
V'@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@)Xh@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@?N@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1e?@@@@@@@@@@5?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@?3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Le@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@)X?e?
?V'@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@)X?g@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@??3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@L?J@@@@@@@@@@H?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@?N@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1e@@@@@@@@@?h?I'@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@)Xe?
V4@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1?g@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@??N@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1?7@@@@@@@@@5??@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@e3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@L?@@@@@@@@@?heV'@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@)X??
I4@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Lg@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@?e@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@@@@H??@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@eV'@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1?@@@@@@@@@?he?V4@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1??
I4@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1g@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@?e3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@e?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@e?N@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?@@@@@@@@@?hf?I4@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@L?
I4@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@L?f@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
@@@@@@@@@?eN@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@5e?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@f3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
I4@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1?
I4@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1?f@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
@@@@@@@@@?e?3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@He?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@fN@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
I4@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
?I4@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?f@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
@@@@@@@@@?e?N@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@5?e?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@f?3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
I4@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
?I4@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?f@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
@@@@@@@@@?f3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@H?e?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@f?N@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
I4@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
?I'@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?f@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
@@@@@@@@@?fN@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@5f?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@g3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
I'@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
V'@@@@@@@@@@@@@?f@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
@@@@@@@@@?f?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Hf?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@gV'@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
?V'@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
?N@@@@@@@@@@@@@?f@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
@@@@@@@@@?f?3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?f?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@g?N@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
N@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
?J@@@@@@@@@@@@@?f@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
@@@@@@@@@?f?N@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@5?f?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@h3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
J@@@@@@@@@@@@@V
?@6K
O&@@@@@@@@@@@@@?f@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
@@@@@@@@@?g3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@H?f?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@hN@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@6K
?W&@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
?@@@@@@6K?hO2@@@@@@@@@@@@@@5?f@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@?gN@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@5g?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@h?3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@6KheO&@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?
?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@H?f@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@?g?3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@Hg?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@h?N@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@5?
?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@5g@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@?g?N@@@@@@@@@@@@@@5?g?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@he3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@H?
?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@(Yg@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@H?g?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@heN@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@5??
?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@H?g@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@?h3@@@@@@@@@@@@@h?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@he?3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@(Y??
?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@?hN@@@@@@@@@@@@5h?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@he?V'@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@(Ye?
?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@(M?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@?h?3@@@@@@@@@@@Hh?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@hfN@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@0Y?e?
?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@0Yhe@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@?h?N@@@@@@@@@@5?h?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@hf?3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@0M?f?
?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@0Mhf@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@?he3@@@@@@@@@H?h?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@hf?N@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@0M?g?
?I4@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@0M?
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@?heV4@@@@@@@@he?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?g@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@?h?I4@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@0M?h?
I4@@@0M?
I4@@0M
?
Innovation
ist, wenn
Technik einfach
einfach ist .
Was man nicht lange erklren mu, macht einfach
mehr Freude. Deshalb haben wir ein Usability-Labor
eingerichtet, in dem Kunden, Entwickler und Experten
fr nutzergerechte Produktgestaltung gemeinsam ein
Ziel verfolgen: einfachste Bedienung. Vom Handy bis zur
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sich
mglichst von selbst erklren. Schlielich sollen sie das Leben nicht komplizierter, sondern leichter machen.
http: //www.siemens.de/innovation
16
Siemens.
Die Kraft des Neuen.
Thousands of
Dogs in Indian Villages
demy in Berlin was so much interest rarely aroused. And, no one was disapT appears at the very least unusual. Why Lynn Snyder of the National Museum of Epointed.
Natural History in Washington, D.C. and the American Academy in Berlin would
The discussion between American historian Charles S. Maier and the
o come to Berlin, of all places, to learn more about the life of Native Americans
This Atmosphere
Lets Characters
Develop
On the Academys Grounds
By Inge Griese
HANS PUTTNIES
come to continue with her research into the history of the Plains Indians isnt immediately clear. That she is here has to do with the history of
science: just as every Egyptologist must visit Paris and London, so can researchers of Native
American history make discoveries in Berlin.
The Director of the National Museum for Natural History and Head of its American Indian
Program, JoAllyn Archambault, is also a Fellow
together with Ms. Snyder at the American Academy in Berlin. Snyder and Archambault jointly investigate ethnographical objects at Berlins
Ethnological Museum.
Lynn Snyder presented some of the results of
her research in a lecture about the life of dogs in
North America. Contrary to the popular clich
of adventure stories and films, dogs, not horses,
served as beasts of burden for Native Americans
up to the 16th century. Jo Allyn Archambaults
lecture investigates issues pertaining to gender
differences and the division of work in Native
American society. where the relationship between men and women was not seen as hierarchical. It was believed that masculine and feminine
roles complemented one another and that both
genders were therefore equal. Berliner Zeitung
ven during the constantly attractive debate season at the American Aca-
molecular biologist and dissident of the German Democratic Republic, Jens Reich, constituted a remarkable start to the ten-year anniversary of the events of 1989. The discussion
partners vividly demonstrated how the end of
the GDR, carefully analyzed with the help of
many sources, became history, without neglecting the story of the main characters in the
drama.
Charles S. Maier, Professor of History and
Director of the Center for European Studies at
Harvard University, came to the American
Academy introducing his extensive study,
The Disappearance of the GDR and the End
of Communism (published in German by
S. Fischer Verlag). On the same day on which
exactly nine years ago the first and only free elections for the East German Parliament were
held, Maier paid his respect to the person sitting across from him, elected to the GDR-Parliament and interviewed for Maiers book, together with many other protagonists of East
Germanys last days: Mr. Reich changed the
world. I have only described it. Tagespiegel
An Event Mirrored
In the Academys Library
here are no more American troops in Berlin. In exchange, the American Aca -
one does not give lectures from the podium, but rather from the depths of one of
the imposing armchairs.
Arnulf Conradi, head of both the Berlin and the Siedler Verlag, likes these chairs,
here in a place where American English is spoken and it is possible to greet friends
seated in the rows of chairs by their first names. Arnulf Conradi lays claim to the
title of the most international German publisher, recently freed up by Michael
Naumanns recent changeover into politics. The Berlin Verlag lives for the most
part from translations from the United States, England, South Africa, Canada, Israel, Sweden, etc.
However, the publisher has recently discovered his passion for German literature and has prophesized its renaissance for some time now. Recuperating from its
cerebral fossilization and from the grim chewing on insipid form problems, its tongue has once again been loosened, it has listened to the voice of the New World, according to Conradi. Where else could it be easier to swear by the healing powers of
American storytelling than in this armchair?
And so the publisher himself surpasses his authors and becomes an enthusiastic
narrator, giving to his best ability one anecdote after the other, themselves literally
subjects for future novellas and novels.
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
17
Privately-Financed
Diplomacy
Again
In Contrast to the Others
By Ralf Grtker
The Fellowship program of the
American Academy in Berlin enters the
second round with the 1999 Spring
Semester. The program enables American researchers, journalists and other
persons of letters to complete projects,
which as a rule are thematically tied to
the German capital or to German-American history, during their stay at the
Hans Arnhold Center on Lake Wannsee.
In contrast to other research institutions in Berlin, the American Academy,
whose operating costs are financed solely by means of sponsorships and donations, does not see itself exclusively as
an academic organization. The goal of
their activities lies in cultural diplomacy:
a renewal of German-American postwar relations and the stimulation of
cultural exchanges above all in the social
and political arenas. Berliner Zeitung
AMERICAN ACADEMY
HANS PUTTNIES
Migration Problems
Compared
On the Waterfront
Continued from Page 15
I should have asked: Why was it ridiculous to think that
Auschwitz would always prevent Germany from being normal? Just said. I should have asked what normality meant
to the host. But I was silent. It seems reasonable to assume
that from that silence some of the themes of Justs next novel
will emerge. Germany has been in his books for some time.
As a nation, he once wrote, it resembled Chicago, central
to its region, a furious engine that advances on its own inner
logic, closed in on itself, with resentments enough to fill the
couches of Vienna -- yet beneath the surface there was faith,
patience and an implacable sense of destiny.
The New York Times
Trustees of the American Academy: Gahl Hodges Burt (Vice-Chairman), Lloyd Cutler, Everette E. Dennis (President), Thomas Farmer (Honorary Co-Chairman), Richard B. Fisher, Jrgen Graf, Klaus Groenke, Karl von der Heyden (Treasurer), Richard C. Holbrooke, Thomas L. Hughes, Josef Joffe, Stephen M.
Kellen, Henry A. Kissinger (Honorary Co-Chairman), Horst Khler, Otto Graf Lambsdorff, (Chairman), Nina von Maltzahn, Klaus Mangold, Erich Marx,
Volker Schlndorff, Jerry Speyer, Fritz Stern, Jon Vanden Heuvel, Kurt Viermetz, Richard von Weizscker (Honorary Co-Chairman).
The Train
Stalled an hour beside a row of abandoned, graffiti-strickenfactories,
the person behind me talking the whole while on his portable phone,
every wordirritatingly distinct, impossible to think of anything else,
Ifeeltrapped, look out and see a young hare moving through the sooty scrub;
just as I catch sight of him, he turns with a starttoface us, and freezes.
Sleek, clean, his flesh firm in his fine-grained fur,hesvery endearing;
hereminds me of the smallest children on their wayto school in our street,
their slouchy,unself-conscious grace, the urgeyoufeelto share their beauty,
then my mind plays that trick of tryingtogo back intoits wilder part,
to let the creature know my admiration, and have him acknowledge me.
All the while were there, I long almost painfullyoutto him,
as though some mystery inhabited him, some semblance of the sacred,
but if he senses me he disregards me, and when we begin to move
hestillwaits on the black ballast gravel,ears and whiskers working,
to be sure weregood and gone before he continues his errand.
The train hurtles along, towns blur by,thevoice behind me hammerson;
itsstiflinghere but in the fields the grasses are stiff and white with rime.
Imagine being out there alone, shiversofdread thrilling through you,
those burnished railsbeforeyou, around you a silence, immense, stupendous,
only now beginning to wane, in a lift of wind, the deafening creaking of a bough.
C. K. Wil l iams
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