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SCIENCE YEAR 5
UNIT 2-PLANTS
1. CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS
The living things in the plant kingdo have these !ha"a!te"isti!s#
o The$ a"e %ULTICELLULAR o"ganis&
o The$ CANN'T ove a"o(nd&
o The$ ake thei" o)n *ood&
o The$ have "oots+ a ste and leaves&
o Alost all plants live on land& Soe a"e a,(ati!
2. PARTS OF A PLANT http#--)))&$o(t(.e&!o-)at!h/v01(2a53'45iA



3. GROUPS OF PLANTS
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Plants are classified into two groups: plants with flowers and plants
without flowers.
FLOWERING PLANTS a"e the la"gest g"o(p )ithin the plant
kingdo& App"o7iatel$ 289+999 spe!ies o* :o)e"ing plant have
.een naed so *a"& These plants "ep"od(!e )ith seeds&
;lo)e"ing plants !an .e GYMNOSPERMS o" ANGIOSPERMS&
NON-FLOWERING PLANTS a"e the sallest g"o(p o* plants&
%osses+ *e"ns+ and thei" "elatives a"e plants that do not p"od(!e
:o)e"s& The$ "ep"od(!e .$ eans o* SP'RES& %ost live in shad$ o"
dap ha.itats&
http#--)))&$o(t(.e&!o-)at!h/
*eat("e0pla$e"5e.edded<v0t=2Po,>I.9?t0@@
4. PLANT NUTRITION
http#--)))&$o(t(.e&!o-)at!h/
v0C65(eA5BC6o<list0PL(Bl;2IpR;!oY@vtU192C2>Dd1CY6thBE
Plants+ like all living things+ !a""$ o(t the p"o!ess o* n(t"ition&
The$ have three stages in n(t"ition#
2
o Gymnosperms: The term gymnosperm is derived from two Greek words:
gymnos, meaning naked, and sperma, meaning seed. The term refers to
plants, such as pine and spruce, in which seeds mature on the surface of
cone scales. When the cone falls, it breaks and releases seeds. The seeds are
blown by the wind, washed away by water, or moved by animals until they
reach a place where a new plant can grow.
Most gymnosperms are evergreens. Evergreens are trees that lose only a few
leaves at one time and constantly replace the leaves they have lost. So, they
look green all the time.
o Angiosperm is a seed plant that produces flowers. ruits, vegetables, grains,
and almost all nuts come from angiosperms. !ngiosperms are the most
abundant plants. There are more than "#$,%%% different kinds of
angiosperms.

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Plants get the ntr!ents the$ need *"o the soil and ai"#
The" get #ar$%n &!'(!&e )r'* the a!r thr'gh the!r
lea+es,
The" get -.ter an& *!neral salts )r'* the s'!l thr'gh
the!r r''ts,
The$ ake thei" o)n *ood th"o(gh the p"o!ess o*
photos$nthesis#
Plants *a/e the!r '-n )''& $" *!(!ng #ar$%n &!'(!&e
an& the ("le* sa0, Th!s )''& !s #alle& 0h'le* sa0,
Plants nee& snl!ght )'r 0h't's"nthes!s, The Green
s$stan#e !n lea+es #at#hes the sns l!ght, Th!s
s$stan#e !s #hl'r'0h"ll,
1r!ng th!s 0r'#ess2 0lants 0r'&#e '("gen an& le! !t 't
!n the at*'s0here s' 'ther l!+!ng th!ngs #an $reathe,
Thei" *ood is t"anspo"ted th"o(gho(t the plant&


5. PLANT REPRODUCTION
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I* $o( a"e an o"ganis+ $o( )ill need to re0r'&#e& 'the")ise+ the"e )ill
.e no o"e o* $o(" spe!ies and the spe!ies )ill die oE&
The ost advan!ed o* the plants have thei" o)n )a$ o* se7(all$
"ep"od(!ing& It is a ve"$ *an!$ and ve"$ !ople7 p"o!ess&
Plants that "el$ on 3'-ers *o" "ep"od(!tion a"e also ve"$ dependent on
o(tside help s(!h as inse!ts and anials& Bhile !oni*e"s have the t)o
st"(!t("es on one t"ee+ :o)e"ing plants )ent one step *("the" and p(t
the devi!es that ake and "e!eive pollen in the sae st"(!t("e&
Petals4 F"ightl$ !olo("ed& The$
a"e (sed to att"a!t inse!ts .$
thei" ."ight !olo(" and s!ent&
Se0als4 G"een leaves a"o(nd the
o(tside o* the :o)e"& Sepals a"e
(s(all$ salle" than the petals+&
Used to p"ote!t the :o)e" )hile it
is still in .(d&
Sta*ens4 This is )he"e pollen is
ade
It is the ale pa"t o* the :o)e"&
The staen has t)o pa"ts#
the 5la*ent Ha thin stalkI and
the anther)hi!h is
)he"e 0'llen is ade
6ar0el4 The !a"pel is the g"een
stalk in the iddle o* the :o)e"&
It is the *eale pa"t o* the :o)e"&
The !a"pel has th"ee pa"ts#
At the top is the st!g*a, This is
)he"e pollen has to land&
Felo) the stiga is the st"le and
then the '+ar" )hi!h is )he"e
seeds a"e *o"ed
Se7(al "ep"od(!tion in a :o)e"ing plant has ;'UR ain stages
=
Pollination: This is when pollen lands on a new flower
Fertilization: This is when the pollen and the seed meet
Seed dispersal: This is when the seed is spread around, away from the
plant that made it
Germination : This is when the seed, having reached the ground, starts to
grow into a new plant
Pollination: This is when pollen lands on a new flower
Fertilization: This is when the pollen and the seed meet
Seed dispersal: This is when the seed is spread around, away from the
plant that made it
Germination : This is when the seed, having reached the ground, starts to
grow into a new plant
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Pollination http://www.youtue.com/watch!v"#tcm$%iomf&
' plant is pollinated when pollen from another flower reaches it.
Pollen is a yellow dust and it has to reach the stigma of the plant eing
pollinated.
The pollen has to e carried from the stamen of one flower to the stigma of
another.
&t is usually carried y ees (or other small animals) ut it can e carried y the
wind.
;e"tiliAation
'fter pollination fertilization ta*es place. This is when the pollen and the ovule
+oin together to ma*e a seed.
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The seed also contains a food store, usually starch.
The part of the flower surrounding the seed is *nown as the fruit.
'fter fertilization the petals and stamens wither and die. The ovary (which forms
the fruit) swells up, sometimes consideraly. (ie as in the apple)
Seed dispe"sal
The +o of the fruit is to carry the seeds as far as possile from the parent plant
so the new plants have room to grow and do not compete for resources such as
light, water and nutrients in the soil.
This process is called seed dispersal.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/seed-dispersal/2258.html
A plant will dip!"! t#!i" !!d $%&" 'ain wa()
1. The fruit is eaten by animals such as birds but are not
digested. The seeds pass out the animal along with its
droppings eg cherry, blackberry. These fruits look and taste
nice.
2. The fruit splits open. sometimes this happens with a lot of
force and the seeds are shot out. eg beans. the pod is the
fruit and the beans are the seeds.
3. The fruits have little hooks. these hooks stick to the fur of
animals. eg burdock.
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4. The fruits have wings or hairs and this lets them get
carried by the wind,. eg sycamore trees have winged fruits.
Ge"ination
Germination is the process y which the seed actually starts to grow.
Conditions needed for germination
The seed will not germinate untill it gets warm. 's well as warmth the seed also
needs o,ygen and water to grow.
-ithout all three (-ater, o,ygen and warmth) the seed will not grow.

The germination period is time etween planting and starting to germinate.
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