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1) Politics is essentially ethics in action, as its purpose is to collectively respond to the needs of humanity.
2) Conceptually, politics cannot exist without ethics, as its activities and debates are a response to responsibility to others.
3) While corruption exists within political systems, corruption itself is not synonymous with politics. Politics remains ethically bound by its purpose of responding to humanity's needs.
1) Politics is essentially ethics in action, as its purpose is to collectively respond to the needs of humanity.
2) Conceptually, politics cannot exist without ethics, as its activities and debates are a response to responsibility to others.
3) While corruption exists within political systems, corruption itself is not synonymous with politics. Politics remains ethically bound by its purpose of responding to humanity's needs.
1) Politics is essentially ethics in action, as its purpose is to collectively respond to the needs of humanity.
2) Conceptually, politics cannot exist without ethics, as its activities and debates are a response to responsibility to others.
3) While corruption exists within political systems, corruption itself is not synonymous with politics. Politics remains ethically bound by its purpose of responding to humanity's needs.
(Random Thoughts on Ethics-in-Politics with Levinas and my Social Sciences)
Joseph Sylvester Evidente Pampliega of the 1869 th Street Theater, Talent Assistance and Events Group; an Angkan ni Vicente, t took !e a"hile to re#oot !$ !ind #ecause it has #eco!e rust$ doing data entr$ here in %anada& don't criticall$ use !$ !ind no" as often as "ould "hen "as there teaching, or even (ust #eing in the acade!e, a!idst philosophers or persons "ho (ust love to think and think criticall$& )$ environ!ent, !$ conte*t, is !$ issue& +ith "hat do, (ust code "hat see like "as a %ro,)agnon -coding., in their case, dra"ing, in the inside "alls of the caves of /ascau* "hat the$ see& The$ -code. their hunt in colourful dra"ings; -code. docu!ent infor!ation, like dates, titles, authors and recipients, #lindl$; infor!ation that does not re0uire !e to think at all& +hat see is "hat code& !a$ at ti!es even feel a! living a life of solipsis! not having a single soul "ith the patience to even (ust listen (ust so can sa$ that "hat a! thinking is intersu#(etivel$ constituted& And so, it took !e a"hile to actuall$ give this topic a shot& Thanks to 1a$ )ichael %ordero for sharing this opportunit$ to #e a#le to share !$ thoughts& t is !$ sanit$& These are !$ rando! thoughts on the topic "e are e*ploring, having also in !ind, since /evinas' thoughts are central to our gathering, his ethics, along "ith the things have learned fro! !$ sciences& t is the intent of this gathering, through e*ploring Ethics and 2olitics or Ethics,in,2olitics, to clarif$ "hat politics is and rene" our consciousness of "hat true politics is, guided #$ the 0uestions, first of all, "hat is politics3 +hat is ethics3 +hat is ethics,in,politics3 , "hich #elieve is the concept "e are tr$ing to !ake sense of in this gathering& Are the$ related, conceptuall$ or essentiall$3 s politics related to ethics3 s ethics presupposed in politics3 %an there #e politics "ithout ethics3 Ethics-in-politics is also kno"n as political morality or public ethics& t is the practice of !aking !oral (udg!ents a#out political action& t is also the stud$ of that practice& t tries to look at the ethics of practice or the ethics of office first of all& The focus is the pu#lic officials, the politicians and the !ethods the$ use& Take note4 the politician and their !ethods& 5ight then and there, "e see an issue alread$& The other is ethics of policy "hich looks at the policies or the la"s& n so!e sense, in this practice, ethics or the ethicist acts as a guard dog, the !oral (udge, if not the -gadfl$. of societ$& t places ethics a#ove politics as it looks at ho" politics is done, ho" ethical politics is& Given that, "ith ethics a#ove politics, -guarding. it, it "ould see! that politics, conceptuall$ and essentiall$, has the tendenc$ to #e #ad, to #e dirt$& 6ut is this so3 )a$#e "e should ask "hat politics is in the first place& +hat is it for3 Given that politics is a social fact, follo"ing 7urkhei!'s thoughts, it has a function& Ever$thing else that does not have function ceases to e*ist& 6ut politics does e*ist, hard fact, and so it has a function& So, "hat is it - 2 - for3 2olitics, defined conceptuall$, are activities associated "ith governance8.; it is -the de#ate #et"een parties having po"er. 9:*ford, ;<1=>& Sociologicall$, politics has to do "ith po"er, ho" it is distri#uted in certain social organi?ation, in conte*t to a certain political organi?ation& n a sense, politics cut across the develop!ent of hu!an societies or civili?ations& 9t started si!ple "ith patriarchs and !atriarchs of #and s$ste!s and has #eco!e co!ple*, co!plicated, as societ$ developed in structure and processes& @o" "e have presidents and pri!e !inisters "ith their ca#inets, the "hole #ureaucrac$, set in place out of the necessit$ #rought #$ develop!ent of societ$&> 2olitical organi?ations, for!s of govern!ent, "ere founded fro! ideologies that intend to respond to present issues, social pro#le!s; to respond to the call of the times& 2olitics is the response to these present, even pressing issues, social pro#le!s& Politics is the response to the call of the times& Given that, po"er and its distri#ution is intended to respond to the call of the ti!es& +ith this intention, "e co!e to reali?e that politics is a -"a$ of doing things., an activit$, a de#ate& Aor "hat3 To respond to the call of the ti!es& That is "h$, as said a "hile ago, political organi?ations, "here politics happen, as it responds to the call in a particular social contet, also develops along "ith it& As it develops, for!s of govern!ents are founded , all #ecause it responds to the call of the ti!es& @o" as to ethics, "ould not discuss in thoroughl$ /evinas' ethics #ut "e kno" that for hi! ethics happens in that ver$ !o!ent that "e recogni?e the face& The !ere -ga?e. upon the face, the :ther -orders and ordains. us, co!pels us to -give and serve.& t #ounds us to respond& t #eco!es our responsi#ilit$ to respond B in that ver$ encounter& Take it our leaven it, fro! the personal e*perience of -Sa!e. to that, "hen taken all together, #eco!es a co!!unal e*perience, a social e*perience& All of us, the societ$, are #ound to respond to the :ther& To /evinas' ter!, it #eco!es human sociality& 2olitics, then, is the collective response to the call of the Cu!an Aace, to the Aace of Cu!anit$& 2olitics, then, is ethics& 2olitics, as a response #ound #$ responsi#ilit$, as "e do the -"a$ of doing things., the activities, the de#ates of and in political organi?ations, of governing our govern!ents to respond to the call, 2olitics is ethics,in,action& Caving pointed that out, as to the 0uestion "hether politics is related to ethics, "hether ethics is presupposed in politics, and that can politics #e "ithout ethics, "ould sa$ this4 %onceptuall$, politics is ethics since it responds to the face, it responds to the Aace of Cu!anit$ at that ver$ !o!ent of encounter& +e have seen this, though unconsciousl$ in its develop!ent as societies developed, as populations increased, and as hu!an pro#le!s B social pro#le!s B #eco!e co!ple*, #eco!e co!plicated& +e responded instituting political organi?ations to do politics, to respond4 to put things in order, to put our da$ to da$ lives in order& Essentiall$, politics is al"a$s ethical& ts act of doing politics, politicking, as it is the response to the Cu!an Aace, is al"a$s good& t is authentic& f not, then, to /evinas' thoughts, "e #eco!e inauthentic& 2olitics is essentiall$ good& :ur (udg!ent of "hat to do 9to respond>, "h$ "e do things a certain "a$ 9to respond>, ho" "e should do things 9to respond> is good, al"a$s good, and is directed to"ard good, to #etter, as it responds to the Aace of Cu!anit$, "hat is 9"hat is real in societ$, "hat can #e perceived> and to "ork for "hat should #e 9the ideas, our goals>& The third 0uestion is no" ver$ trick$& %an there #e politics "ithout ethics3 This 0uestion is grounded on the fact that "hat "e -see. people doing politics, in short our politicians, are doing isn't reall$ going the "a$ politics is or should #e conceptuall$ and essentiall$& 5ealit$ #ites& :r should sa$ perceptions #ite us& The negative associations "e have of politics are !oulded #$ "hat "e -see. and -hear., #$ "hat "e perceived #asicall$, "hat "e "itness& This is unfortunate& 6ut is this so3 t is so eas$ for us to (ust sa$ politics can #e #ad, that politics can or even, - 3 - looking fro! ho" it is no"ada$s, is dirt$& Thus, "e need a practice or a stud$ called Ethics,in, 2olitics to guard us, to #e our !oral (udge& 6ut is this so3 Truthfull$, a! #ound #$ !$ perceptions as "ell& could not -see. #e$ond !$ perceptions and a! afraid to #ring !$ rando! thoughts deeper that !ight fall detached fro! realit$, that !ight fall to the trap of #eing theoretical, that !ight #e too a#stract as opposed to ho" /evinas see ethics, in the ver$ encounter, as -contrete.& %an -see. politics, distinct, fro! corruption, fro! vote,#u$ing, fro! -political. killings3 Are these social pro#le!s politics, !ore so, political, in the real sense3 %an politics #e "ithout ethics3 @o& 2olitics is conceptuall$ and essentiall$ #ound to ethics, and, "ould sa$, even vice versa& There is no -other side.& There is no true or false side& There is (ust politics, one and true& This appears naDve if speak #efore people "ho !a$ have not !et /evinas and have #een #ound #$ "hat the$ perceive& 6ut this can #e radical, an indu#ita#le hope "e have, for those "ho understand /evinas that things "ill fall into place& @o" ho" should "e understand the perceived -dirt. in -politics., "hich no" "e should 0ualif$, not as politics an$!ore, #ut -dirt. in our political organi?ation, in govern!ent3 f politics is ethics,in,action, if it is ethical, ho" can corruption, a!ong all the rest "e can enu!erate, for instance, happen3 +e can approach it the co!!on "a$ "e do, pointing out to the individual, the politician, "hich eventuall$, in the long run, stain the real intent, the concept and essence of, politics, "hich is to respond to the call of the face, the Cu!an Aace, the Aace of Cu!anit$& 6ut "hat no" of corruption3 +here the hell did it co!e fro!3 Co" the hell did it creep into the halls of our political organi?ations3 %orruption happens #ut it is not s$non$!ous to politics& Vote,#u$ing, cheating, -political. killings, thought in a sense, are affairs of political organi?ations, is not s$non$!ous to politics& The !o!ent "e do things as such, politics, #$ concept and essense, has alread$ ceased& "ill not sa$, "e do not participate an$!ore in politics #ecause it grants the act still "ithin the idea of politics& should sa$, the !o!ent "e do such things like vote,#u$ing, "e did not do politics an$!ore& To the point of intending and the !o!ent of doing vote,#u$ing, for instance, "e #eco!e, to /evinas' thoughts, inauthentic& +e deli#eratel$ decided to refuse the face, "e deli#eratel$ decided not to respond to the Aace of Cu!anit$& 2lain and si!ple& The Sa!e ceases to respond& +ith this, there is a distinct #ut thin line in the "a$ "e -see. or perceive politics& +hat "e see is the political organi?ation, the structures in place, founded as societies developed& And "ith these structures, are the people, the politicians, "ho should perfor! politics #ut, as !an$ of the! did, the$ cease to respond& The$ are (ust there in the structures, d$sfunctional to the function of politics and the political organi?ations& 7istinct #ut thin line, plain and si!ple& This #elieve is the consciousness "e have to reclai!& This #elieve is the true concept of politics& t is ethics& t is ethics,in,action& That is "h$ in our endeavour to respond to the call of the ti!es B the call of the face, of the Cu!an Aace, of the Aace of Cu!anit$, as "e ga?e upon it and do "hat "e can, #ig or s!all, in our fa!ilies, in our "orkplace, in the %hurch, in school, in our co!!unities, in societ$ and the "orld at large, in the "hole of hu!an societ$, "e do politics, that in realit$, "e even should not have fear usurping the :ther& +h$3 +e have (ust a thousand !ore, conceptuall$, of infinites to respond to& !agine that ine*hausti#ilit$3 That !agnitude of responsi#ilit$3 That is "h$ as "e -see. these -dirt. happening in our govern!ent, "e step #ack and ga?e upon the Aace, -see. the face of our social pro#le!s, and continue to respond, continue to #e responsi#le& 5e!e!#er that there is no reciprocit$ inas!uch as the :ther that even the - 4 - idea of corruption and the corrupt, as "e ga?e upon it, "e cannot de!and change or rene"al& And #ecause of that, "e are all the !ore responsi#le& This consciousness that politics, in its truth, cannot #e tainted #$ inauthenticit$ should strengthen our hope that the things "e do, the advocacies "e stand in, s"eat and #lood e*pelled, is not $et enough to "ipe clean, spick and span, the -dirt. "e have no" in our political organi?ation& n its ine*hausti#ilit$, in its !agnitude, (ust as it -orders and ordains. us "ith as !uch !agnitude of responsi#ilit$, "e take it patientl$, one step at a ti!e& Cope "orks that "a$& t should not allo" us to cease responding& t feeds our desire, in the /evinasian sense, to #e infinitel$ responsi#le to the :ther&