Lnglneerlng lundamenLals

lundamenLal ulmenslons
We need seven fundamenLal base dlmenslons
Lo correcLly express whaL we know of Lhe
naLural world.
1hese are lengLh, mass, ume, LemperaLure,
elecLrlc currenL, amounL of subsLance, and
lumlnous lnLenslLy
lundamenLal ulmenslons
LengLh:
1he name of Sl base unlL ls meLers. 1he symbol ls
!.
1he range of helghL for mosL adulLs ls 1.6 Lo 2.0 m.
lundamenLal ulmenslons
Mass
1he name of Sl base unlL ls kllograms. 1he symbol
ls "#.
1he range of mass for mosL adulLs ls beLween 30
and 120 kg.
lundamenLal ulmenslons
1lme
1he name of Sl base unlL ls seconds. 1he symbol ls
$.
1he fasLesL person can run 100 meLers ln
approxlmaLely 10 seconds.
lundamenLal ulmenslons
1hermodynamlc LemperaLure
1he name of Sl base unlL ls kelvlns. 1he symbol ls
%.
A comforLable room LemperaLure ls around 300 k.
lundamenLal ulmenslons
LlecLrlc CurrenL
1he name of Sl base unlL ls Amperes. 1he symbol
ls &.
1he currenL on a 100 W lamp ls approxlmaLely 0.3
A.
lundamenLal ulmenslons
AmounL of subsLance
1he name of Sl base unlL ls Moles. 1he symbol ls
!'(.
uranlum ls 238 mol, carbon 12, hydrogen 1.
lundamenLal ulmenslons
Lumlnous lnLenslLy
1he name of Sl base unlL ls Candelas. 1he symbol
ls )*.
A candle has a lumlnous lnLenslLy of
approxlmaLely 1 candela.
lundamenLal ulmenslons
1he meLer ls Lhe lengLh of Lhe paLh Lraveled by
llghL ln a vacuum durlng a ume lnLerval of
1/299.792.438 of a second.
!ean-8apusLe-!oseph-uelambre and lerre-lranols-Andre Mechaln
lundamenLal ulmenslons
1he kllogram ls equal Lo Lhe mass of Lhe
lnLernauonal proLoLype of Lhe kllogram.
lundamenLal ulmenslons
1he second ls Lhe durauon of 9.192.631.770
perlods of Lhe radlauon correspondlng Lo Lhe
Lransluon beLween Lhe Lwo hyperne levels of
Lhe ground sLaLe of Lhe ceslum 133 aLom.
lundamenLal ulmenslons
1he ampere ls LhaL consLanL currenL whlch lf
malnLalned ln Lwo sLralghL parallel conducLors
of lnnlLe lengLh, of negllglble cross secuon,
and placed 1 meLer aparL ln a vacuum, would
produce beLween Lhese conducLors a force
equal Lo + - ./
01
newLon per meLer of lengLh.
lundamenLal ulmenslons
1he kelvln ls a fracuon 1/273,16 of Lhe
Lhermodynamlc LemperaLure of Lhe Lrlple
polnL of waLer.
lundamenLal ulmenslons
1he mole ls Lhe amounL of subsLance of a
sysLem LhaL conLalns as many elemenLary
enuues as Lhere are aLoms ln 0,012 kllogram
of carbon 12.
lundamenLal ulmenslons
1he candela ls Lhe lumlnous lnLenslLy, ln a
glven dlrecuon, of a source LhaL emlLs
monochromauc radlauon of frequency 23/ -
./
.+
herLz and LhaL has a radlanL lnLenslLy ln
LhaL dlrecuon of 1/683 wau per sLeradlan.
lundamenLal ulmenslons
!"#$%#&'($)* ,('-). /.012 34 5678)#
10
24
youa ?
10
21
zeua Z
10
18
exa L
10
13
peLa
10
12
Lera 1
10
9
glga C
10
6
mega M
10
3
kllo k
10
2
hecLo h
10
1
deka da
lundamenLal ulmenslons
!"#$%#&'($)* ,('-). /.012 34 3678)#
10
-1
decl d
10
-2
cenu c
10
-3
mllll m
10
-6
mlcro
10
-9
nano n
10
-12
plco p
10
-13
femLo f
10
-18
auo a
10
-21
zepLo z
10
-24
yocLo y
lundamenLal ulmenslons
Accelerauon, angle, angular accelerauon,
angular veloclLy, area, denslLy, eLc. are all
derlved from Lhese fundamenLal dlmenslons.
Symbols used ln Lnglneerlng and
Sclence

numerlcal vs Symbollc Soluuons
lor problems LhaL requlre a numerlc soluuon,
daLa are glven and you are requlred Lo nd an
answer ln Lhe form of a number.
ln Lhe symbollc soluuon, Lhe sLeps and Lhe
nal answer are presenLed wlLh varlables LhaL
could be subsuLuLed wlLh daLa lf necessary.
SlgnlcanL ulglLs
SlgnlcanL dlglLs represenL and convey Lhe exLenL
Lo whlch recorded or compuLed daLa are
dependable.
8epresenL Lhe numbers as 71 1 kg or 3.33
0.03 m.
lollow Lhe rules of addluon/subLracuon and Lhe
rules of mulupllcauon/dlvlslon of slgnlcanL
dlglLs.
CLherwlse, Lhe ouLpuL of your calculaLor/
compuLer ls garbage.