Sons of Noah

1
Sons of Noah
This T and O map, which abstracts that society's
known world to a cross inscribed within an orb,
remakes geography in the service of Christian
iconography and identifies the three known
continents as populated by descendants of Shem
(Sem), Ham (Cham) and Japheth (Iafeth)
The world according to the Mosaic account (1854
map)
The Sons of Noah, or Table of nations, is an extensive list of
descendants of Noah appearing in Genesis 10
[1]
of the Hebrew Bible,
representing a traditional ethnology. According to Genesis, the
population of the Earth was completely destroyed during the Flood and
Noah and his family were the sole eight survivors to continue and
repopulate the human race. Thus the view of history in the Bible is that
all humans on Earth are descended from Noah's family.
Sons of Noah
2
Table of nations
Noah dividing the world between his sons (a
Russian picture from the 18th century).
According to Genesis 10, Noah had three sons:
Shem, forefather of the middle peoples (Semitic Arabian)
Ham, forefather of the southern peoples (Hamitic North/North East
African)
Japheth, forefather of the northern peoples (Japhetic Eurasian)
The names of these sons are thought to have significance related to
Semitic roots. Shem merely means "name" or "renown",
"prosperity".
[2]
Ham means "warm".
[3]
Japheth means "open".
[4]
It then proceeds to detail their descendants in three groups, not in their
birth order, but in the presumptive order they began to have sons after
the flood.
[5]
The identification of several of the first generation is aided
by the inclusion of the second, although several of their identifications
are less certain. The copy of the table in the biblical book of 1
Chronicles chapter 1
[6]
has occasional variations of spelling. Names
ending in -im are plural in form. It is unknown if the respective
progenitor was originally named with a singular form.
Japheth's descendants
Main article: Japhetic
Gomer, son of Japheth. Usually identified with the migratory Gimirru (Cimmerians) of Assyrian inscriptions,
attested from about 720 BC.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Ashkenaz, son of Gomer. It has been conjectured that this name arose from a misprint in Hebrew for
"Ashkuz", by reading a nun for a vav. Ashkuz and Ishkuz were names used for the Scythians, who first appear
in Assyrian records in the late 8th century in the Caucasus region, and at times occupied vast areas of Europe
and Asia. Additionally, in Medieval Hebrew, Germany is known as Ashkenaz, and is the origin of the term
Ashkenazic Jews.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Riphath (Diphath in Chronicles), son of Gomer. Identification with Paphlagonians of later antiquity was
proposed by Josephus; more often connected with the "Riphean" or Ural Mountains region.
Togarmah, son of Gomer. Some Armenian and Georgian traditions have claimed descent from Togarmah;
other authors have attempted to connect them with Turkic peoples.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Magog, son of Japheth. This name appears in the Assyrian texts as mat gugu, The Land of Gugu, and means
Lydia. Gugu is known in Greek texts as Gyges of Lydia, a historical king of Lydia and the founder of the
Mermnad dynasty (ruled c. 716 - 678 BC). Is claimed as an ancestor in both Irish and Hungarian medieval
traditions. Flavius Josephus, followed by Jerome and Nennius, makes him ancestor of the Scythians who dwelt
north of the Black Sea. According to Johannes Magnus, Magog migrated to Sweden (via Finland) 88 years after
the flood, and one of his sons was the first king of Sweden. His accounts became accepted by the Swedes, and the
numbering of Swedish Monarchs was altered accordingly. Magog is also sometimes said to be the ancestor of the
Goths, Finns, Huns, and Slavs.
Madai, son of Japheth. The Medes of Northwest Iran first appear in Assyrian inscriptions as Amadai in about 844
BC.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Javan, son of Japheth. This name since at least Josephus has been connected with the Ionians, one of the original
Greek tribes. Variants of this name were used for all Greeks across the Ancient Near East.
Elishah, son of Javan. Identifications have been proposed with various Aegean peoples such as Elis of
northwestern Peloponnesos, or Ellis of Phthia.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Sons of Noah
3
Tarshish (Tarshishah in Chronicles), son of Javan. Has been variously connected with Tarsus in Anatolia, or
Tartessus in southern Spain.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Kittim, offspring of Javan. Usually connected with Kition in Cyprus, but name appears in other texts with a
variety of interpretations.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Dodanim (Rodanim in Chronicles), offspring of Javan. Usually connected with large Aegean island of Rhodes
near the coast of Asia Minor.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Note: the Greek Septuagint (LXX) of Genesis includes an additional son of Japheth, "Elisa", in between Javan and
Tubal; however, as this name is found in no other ancient source, nor in I Chronicles, he is almost universally agreed
to be a duplicate of Elisha, son of Javan. Nevertheless, the presence of Elisa (as well as that of Cainan son of
Arpachshad, below) in the Greek Bible accounts for the traditional enumeration among early Christian sources of 72
families and languages, from the 72 names in this chapter, as opposed to the 70 names, families and languages
usually found in Jewish sources.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Tubal, son of Japheth. He is connected with Tabal, an Anatolian kingdom, and by way of the ancient tribe of the
Tibareni both with the Iberians of the Caucasus and those of the Iberian peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal).
Sometimes he is also seen as the ancestor of the Illyrians and Italics. In the book of Jubilees he was bequeathed
the three 'tongues' of Europe.
[7]
Meshech, son of Japheth. He is regarded as the eponym of the Mushki tribe of Anatolia. The Mushki are
sometimes considered one of the ancestors of the Georgians, but also became connected with the Sea Peoples who
roved the Mediterranean Sea.
Tiras, son of Japheth. This name is usually connected with that of Thracians, an ancient nation first appearing in
written records around 700 BC. It has also been associated with some of the Sea Peoples such as Tursha and
Tyrsenoi, with the river Tiras (Dniester), and sometimes with the Anatolian region of Troas, dating to the later
13th century BC. In tractate Yoma, of the Talmud, it states that Tiras is Persia.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Japheth is traditionally seen as the ancestor of Europeans, as well as some more eastern nations; thus Japhetic has
been used as a synonym for Caucasians. Caucasian itself derives in part from the assumption that the tribe of
Japheth developed its distinctive racial characteristics in the Caucasus, where Mount Ararat is located. The term
Japhetic was also applied by the early linguists (brothers Grimm, William Jones, Rasmus C. Rask and others) to
what later became known as the Indo-European language group, on the assumption that, if descended from Japheth,
the principal languages of Europe would have a common origin, which apart from Uralic, Kartvelian, Pontic,
Nakh-Dagestanian, and Basque, appears to be the case. In a conflicting sense, the term was also used by the Soviet
linguist Nikolai Marr in his Japhetic theory intended to demonstrate that the languages of the Caucasus formed part
of a once-widespread pre-Indo-European language group.Wikipedia:Citation needed.
Ham's descendants
Main article: Hamitic
Cush, son of Ham.
Seba, son of Cush. Has been connected with both Yemen and Ethiopia, with much confusion with Sheba
below.
Havilah, son of Cush.
Sabtah, son of Cush.
Raamah, son of Cush.
Sheba, son of Raamah. Has been connected with Sabaeans and peoples on either side of the narrowest part
of the Red Sea.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Dedan, son of Raamah.
Sabtechah, son of Cush.
Sons of Noah
4
Nimrod, son of Cush, also identified as a mighty hunter before God, and the founder of ancient Babel, Akkad,
Sumer, and possibly cities in Assyria.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Mizraim, son of Ham. Mizraim is a name for Upper and Lower Egypt and literally translates as Ta-Wy in Ancient
Egyptian ("The Two Lands"). The -aim in Mizraim represents dual number. Arabic-speaking modern Egyptians
refer to their country as Mir.
Ludim, offspring of Mizraim.
Anamim, offspring of Mizraim.
Lehabim, offspring of Mizraim.
Naphtuhim, offspring of Mizraim.
Pathrusim, offspring of Mizraim.
Casluhim ("out of whom came Philistim").(Genesis 10:14
[8]
, 1Chronicles 1:12
[9]
)
Caphtorim, offspring of Mizraim, associated with Caphtor in northeast Egypt near Philistia.(Genesis 10:14
[8]
,
1Chronicles 1:12
[9]
)
Phut, son of Ham. Ancient authorities are fairly universal in identifying Phut with the Libyans (Lebu and Pitu),
the earliest neighbors of Egypt to the west.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Canaan, son of Ham.
Sidon, firstborn son of Canaan
Heth, son of Canaan, described in Genesis as the ancestor of the "Biblical Hittites", a people of Canaan.
"the Jebusite", offspring of Canaan, a tribe that lived around Jerusalem, that was formerly known as Jebus
according to the Books of Chronicles.(1Chronicles 11:4
[10]
)
"the Amorite", offspring of Canaan.
"the Girgasites", offspring of Canaan
"the Hivite", offspring of Canaan
"the Arkite", offspring of Canaan.
"the Sinite", offspring of Canaan.
"the Arvadite", offspring of Canaan.
"the Zemarite", offspring of Canaan.
"the Hamathite", offspring of Canaan.
Beginning in the 9th century with the Jewish grammarian Judah ibn Quraysh, a relationship between the Semitic and
Cushitic languages was seen; modern linguists group these two families, along with the Egyptian, Berber, Chadic,
and Omotic language groups into the larger Afro-Asiatic language family. In addition, languages in the southern half
of Africa are now seen as belonging to several distinct families independent of the Afro-Asiatic group. Some now
discarded Hamitic theories have become viewed as racist; in particular a theory proposed in the 19th century by
Speke, that the Tutsi were supposedly of some Hamitic ancestry and thus inherently superior.
The 17th-century Jesuit, Athanasius Kircher, thought that the Chinese had also descended from Ham, via Egyptians.
Shem's descendants
Main article: Semitic
The concept of "Semitic" peoples is derived from Biblical accounts of the origins of the cultures known to the
ancient Hebrews. In an effort to categorise the peoples known to them, those closest to them in culture and language
were generally deemed to be descended from their forefather Shem.
In Genesis 10:2131, Shem is described as the father of Aram, Ashur, and Arpachshad: the Biblical ancestors of the
Arabs, Aramaeans, Assyrians, Babylonians, Chaldeans, Sabaeans, and Hebrews, etc., all of whose languages are
closely related; the language family containing them was therefore named "Semitic" by linguists.
Shem is traditionally held to be the ancestor of the Semitic people; Hebrews and Arabs consider themselves sons of
Shem through Arpachshad (thus, Semites).
Sons of Noah
5
The Canaanites, Amalekites and Amorites also spoke languages very closely related to Hebrew and attested in
writing earlier, and are therefore termed Semitic in linguistics, despite being described in Genesis as sons of Ham.
Shem is also described in Genesis as the father of Elam and Lud (Lydians). However the Elamite language is not
classified as Semitic, but is a language isolate, while the Lydians by at least 700 BC spoke an Indo-European
language.
[11]
Genesis makes no claims that all descendants of Shem necessarily preserved a similar language,
indicating only that the languages of all peoples became thoroughly confused following the failure of the Tower of
Babel.
Other at times hostile peoples living in or near Canaan were considered to be fellow Semitic descendants of
Arpachshad as well as Abraham or Lot, such as the Moabites, Ammonites, Ishmaelites, Midianites and Edomites.
In the view of some 17th-century to 19th-century European scholars (e.g., John Webb), the people of China and
India descended from him as well.
Elam, son of Shem. The Elamites called their land Haltamti and had an empire (capital Susa) in what is now
Khuzistan, modern Iran. Elamite, however, is not a Semitic language.
Ashur, son of Shem, associated with Assyria, Bangladesh, Tripura and other north-eastern states of
India.Wikipedia:Citation needed
Arpachshad, (also transcribed Arphaxad) son of Shem. The Bible states that his descendants, through Abraham,
became the kingdom of Israel, (Ancient Israelites), via Abraham's grandson Jacob and Jacob's 12 sons. The
Ishmaelites who descend from Abraham's son Ishmael by his Egyptian concubine (Genesis 16:1-4), are thus
considered to be the modern-day Arabs. Ishmael had 12 sons, just like Jacob. Ishmael's 12 sons represent 12
Arabian tribes (Genesis 25:12-16). Arphaksad or his immediate descendants are credited in Second Temple
tradition
[12]
with founding the city of Ur of the Chaldees, usually identified (following archaeologist Woolley)
with the Sumerian city of Ur on the south bank of the Euphrates.
[13]
Lud, son of Shem. Most ancient authorities assign this name to the Lydians of Eastern Anatolia.
Aram, son of Shem. There are references to a campaign against a place called 'Arame' as early as 2300 BC in the
inscriptions of Naram-Sin of Akkad
[14]
Uz, son of Aram.
Hul, son of Aram.
Gether, son of Aram.
Mash, son of Aram (1 Chronicles has Meshech).
Arpachshad's family (genealogy of Abraham and the line of Joktan)
The genealogy at this point lists several generations of Arpachshad's descendants, on account of their connection
with the Hebrew nation and the rest of Genesis:
Cainan is listed as the son of Arpachshad and father of Shelah in some ancient sources. The name is omitted in the
Hebrew Masoretic text of the Hebrew Bible, but the Greek Septuagint and genealogy of Jesus in St. Luke 3:36
include the name.
Shelah (also transcribed Salah) son of Arpachshad (or Cainan).
Eber son of Shelah.
Peleg, son of Eber. In the table, it is said that the Earth was divided in the days of Peleg. A threefold
division among Ham, Shem and Japheth preceding the Tower of Babel incident, is elaborated on in several
ancient sources.
[15]
Joktan, son of Eber.
Sons of Noah
6
Joktan's sons
Almodad, son of Joktan. According to Easton's Bible Dictionary "Almodad" means "immeasurable",
however it has also been translated as "not measured", "measurer", "measure of God", "the beloved," or,
"God is beloved", "God is love", and "God is a friend".
Sheleph, son of Joktan. Sheleph means "drawing out" or "who draws out" (Hitchcock's Bible
Dictionary).Wikipedia:Citing sources#What information to include
Hazarmaveth, son of Joktan. Hazarmaveth, also transcribed Hazarmaueth, means "dwelling of death"
(Hitchcock's Bible Dictionary).Wikipedia:Citing sources#What information to include
Jerah, son of Joktan.
Hadoram, son of Joktan. According to Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan's footnotes: "Hadarom: Some interpret this
as denoting 'the south.'Wikipedia:Citing sources#What information to include
Uzal, son of Joktan.
Diklah son of Joktan.
Obal, son of Joktan.
Abimael, son of Joktan.
Sheba, son of Joktan.
Ophir, son of Joktan.
Havilah, son of Joktan.
Jobab, son of Joktan.
In historiography
In Flavius Josephus
Geographic identifications of Flavius Josephus, c. 100 AD
The 1st-century Jewish-Roman
historian Flavius Josephus, in
Antiquities of the Jews Book 1, chapter
6, was among the first of many who
attempted to assign known ethnicities
to some of the names listed in Genesis
chapter 10. His assignments became
the basis for most later authors, and
were as follows:
[16]
Gomer: "those whom the Greeks
now call Galatians, [Galls,] but
were then called Gomerites".
Aschanax (Ashkenaz):
"Aschanaxians, who are now
called by the Greeks Rheginians".
Riphath: "Ripheans, now called Paphlagonians".
Thrugramma (Togarmah): "Thrugrammeans, who, as the Greeks resolved, were named Phrygians".
Magog: "Magogites, but who are by the Greeks called Scythians".
Madai: "the Madeans, who are called Medes, by the Greeks".
Javan: "Ionia, and all the Grecians".
Elisa: "Eliseans... they are now the Aeolians".
Sons of Noah
7
Tharsus (Tarshish): "Tharsians, for so was Cilicia of old called". He also derives the name of their city Tarsus
from Tharsus.
Cethimus (Kittim): "The island Cethima: it is now called Cyprus". He also derives the Greek name of their
city, which he spells Citius, from Cethimus.
Thobel (Tubal): "Thobelites, who are now called Iberes".
Mosoch (Meshech): "Mosocheni... now they are Cappadocians." He also derives the name of their capital Mazaca
from Mosoch.
Thiras (Tiras): "Thirasians; but the Greeks changed the name into Thracians".
Chus (Cush): "Ethiopians... even at this day, both by themselves and by all men in Asia, called Chusites".
Sabas (Seba): Sabeans
Evilas (Havilah): "Evileans, who are called Getuli".
Sabathes (Sabta): "Sabathens, they are now called by the Greeks Astaborans".
Sabactas (Sabteca): Sabactens
Ragmus (Raamah): Ragmeans
Judadas (Dedan): "Judadeans, a nation of the western Ethiopians".
Sabas (Sheba): Sabeans
Mesraim (Misraim): Egypt, which he says is called Mestre in his country.
"Now all the children of Mesraim, being eight in number, possessed the country from Gaza to Egypt, though it
retained the name of one only, the Philistim; for the Greeks call part of that country Palestine. As for the rest,
Ludieim, and Enemim, and Labim, who alone inhabited in Libya, and called the country from himself, Nedim,
and Phethrosim, and Chesloim, and Cephthorim, we know nothing of them besides their names; for the
Ethiopic war which we shall describe hereafter, was the cause that those cities were overthrown."
Phut: Libya. He states that a river and region "in the country of Moors" was still called Phut by the Greeks, but
that it had been renamed "from one of the sons of Mesraim, who was called Lybyos".
Canaan: Judea, which he called "from his own name Canaan".
Sidonius (Sidon): The city of Sidonius, "called by the Greeks Sidon".
Amathus (Hamathite): "Amathine, which is even now called Amathe by the inhabitants, although the
Macedonians named it Epiphania, from one of his posterity."
Arudeus (Arvadite): "the island Aradus".
Arucas (Arkite): "Arce, which is in Libanus".
"But for the seven others [sons of Canaan], Chetteus, Jebuseus, Amorreus, Gergesus, Eudeus, Sineus,
Samareus, we have nothing in the sacred books but their names, for the Hebrews overthrew their cities".
Elam: "Elamites, the ancestors of the Persians".
Ashur: Assyrians, and their city Niniveh built by Ashur.
Arphaxad: "Arphaxadites, who are now called Chaldeans".
Sala
Heber (Eber): "from whom they originally called the Jews Hebrews".
Phaleg (Peleg): He notes that he was so named "because he was born at the dispersion of the nations to
their several countries; for Phaleg among the Hebrews signifies division".
Joctan
"Elmodad, Saleph, Asermoth, Jera, Adoram, Aizel, Decla, Ebal, Abimael, Sabeus, Ophir, Euilat, and
Jobab. These inhabited from Cophen, an Indian river, and in part of Asia adjoining to it."
Aram: "Aramites, which the Greeks called Syrians".
Uz: "Uz founded Trachonitis and Damascus: this country lies between Palestine and Celesyria".
Ul (Hul): Armenia
Sons of Noah
8
Gather (Gether): Bactrians
Mesa (Mesh): "Mesaneans; it is now called Charax Spasini".
Laud (Lud): "Laudites, which are now called Lydians".
In Hippolytus
The chronicle of Hippolytus of Rome (c. 234), existing in numerous Latin and Greek copies,
[17]
make another
attempt to assign ethnicities to the names in Genesis 10, in some cases similar to those of Josephus, but with many
differences, which are:
Gomer Cappadocians
Ashkenaz Sarmatians
Riphath Sauromatians
Togarmah Armenians
Magog Galatians, Celts
Javan
Elishah Siculi (Chron Pasc: Trojans and Phrygians)
Tarshish Iberians, Tyrrhenians
Kittim Macedonians, Romans, Latins
Tubal "Hettali" (?)
Meshech Illyrians
Misraim
Ludim Lydians
Anamim Pamphylians
Pathrusim Lycians (var.: Cretans)
Caphtorim Cilicians
Put Troglodytes
Canaan Afri and Phoenicians
Arkite Tripolitanians
Lud Halizones
Arpachshad
Cainan "those east of the Sarmatians" (one variant)
Joktan
Elmodad Indians
Saleph Bactrians
Hazamaveth, Sheba Arabs
Adoram Carmanians
Uzal Arians (var.: Parthians)
Abimael Hyrcanians
Obal Scythians
Ophir Armenians
Deklah Gedrosians
Aram "Etes" ?
Hul Lydians (var: Colchians)
Gether "Gaspeni" ?
Mash Mossynoeci (var: Mosocheni)
Sons of Noah
9
The Chronicle of 354, the Panarion by Epiphanius of Salamis (c. 375), the Chronicon Paschale (c. 627), the History
of Albania by the Georgian historian Movses Kaghankatvatsi (7th century), and the Synopsis of Histories by John
Skylitzes (c. 1057) follow the identifications of Hippolytus.
In Jerome
Jerome, writing c. 390, provided an 'updated' version of Josephus' identifications in his Hebrew Questions on
Genesis. His list is substantially identical to that of Josephus in almost all respects, but with the following notable
differences:
Thubal, son of Japheth: "Iberians, who are also the Spaniards from whom derive the Celtiberians, although certain
people suppose them to be the Italians."
Gether, son of Aram: "Acarnanii or Carians"
Mash, son of Aram: Maeones
In Isidore of Seville and later authors
The scholar Isidore of Seville, in his Etymologiae (c. 600), repeats all of Jerome's identifications, but with these
minor changes:
[18]
Joktan, son of Eber: Indians
Saleph, son of Joktan: Bactrians
Magog, son of Japheth: "Scythians and Goths"
Ashkenaz, son of Gomer: "Sarmatians, whom the Greeks call Rheginians".
Isidore's identifications for Japheth's sons were repeated in the Historia Britonum attributed to Nennius. Isidore's
identifications also became the basis for numerous later mediaeval scholars, remaining so until the Age of Discovery
prompted newer theories, such as that of Benito Arias Montano (1571), who proposed connecting Meshech with
Moscow, and Ophir with Peru.
Shem as the father of the Far East
The Emperor Yao, whom
the Figurist Jesuits thought
to be the image of Noah on
the traditional Chinese
history
In the view of some 17th-century European scholars (e.g., John Webb), the people of
China and India descended from Shem. Both Webb and the French Jesuits belonging to
the Figurist school (late 17th-early 18th century) went even further, identifying the
legendary Emperor Yao of Chinese history with Noah himself.
Extrabiblical sons of Noah
There exist various traditions in post-biblical sources claiming that Noah had children
other than Shem, Ham, and Japheth born variously before, during, or after the Deluge.
According to the Quran (Hud v. 4243), Noah had another unnamed son who refused to
come aboard the Ark, instead preferring to climb a mountain, where he drowned. Some
later Islamic commentators give his name as either Yam or Kan'an.
[19]
According to Irish mythology, as found in the Annals of the Four Masters and elsewhere,
Noah had another son named Bith, who was not allowed aboard the Ark, and who
attempted to colonise Ireland with 54 persons, only to be wiped out in the Deluge.
Some 9th-century manuscripts of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle assert that Sceafa was the
fourth son of Noah, born aboard the Ark, from whom the House of Wessex traced their
Sons of Noah
10
ancestry; in William of Malmesbury's version of this genealogy (c. 1120), Sceaf is instead made a descendant of
Strephius, the fourth son born aboard the Ark (Gesta Regnum Anglorum).
An early Arabic work known as Kitab al-Magall or the Book of Rolls (part of Clementine literature) mentions
Bouniter, the fourth son of Noah, born after the flood, who allegedly invented astronomy and instructed Nimrod.
[20]
Variants of this story with often similar names for Noah's fourth son are also found in the c. 5th century Ge'ez work
Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan (Barvin), the c. 6th century Syriac book Cave of Treasures (Yonton), the 7th
century Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius (Ionitus'
[21]
), the Syriac Book of the Bee 1221 (Ynatn), the Hebrew
Chronicles of Jerahmeel, c. 12th14th century (Jonithes), and throughout Armenian apocryphal literature, where he
is usually referred to as Maniton; as well as in works by Petrus Comestor c. 1160 (Jonithus), Godfrey of Viterbo
1185 (Ihonitus), Michael the Syrian 1196 (Maniton), Abu Salih the Armenian c. 1208 (Abu Naiur); Jacob van
Maerlant c. 1270 (Jonitus), and Abraham Zacuto 1504 (Yoniko).
Martin of Opava (c. 1250), later versions of the Mirabilia Urbis Romae, and the Chronicon Bohemorum of Giovanni
di Marignola (1355) make Janus (i.e., the Roman deity) the fourth son of Noah, who moved to Italy, invented
astrology, and instructed Nimrod.
According to the monk Annio da Viterbo (1498), the Hellenistic Babylonian writer Berossus had mentioned 30
children born to Noah after the Deluge, including sons named Tuiscon, Prometheus, Iapetus, Macrus, "16 titans",
Cranus, Granaus, Oceanus, and Tipheus. Also mentioned are daughters of Noah named Araxa "the Great", Regina,
Pandora, Crana, and Thetis. However, Annio's manuscript is widely regarded today as having been a forgery.
[22]
Islam
The sons of Noah are not expressly mentioned in the Qur'an, except for the fact that one of the sons was among the
people who did not follow his own father, not among the believers and thus was washed away in the flood. Also the
Qur'an indicates a great calamity, enough to have destroyed Noah's people, but to have saved him and his
generations to come.
[23]
Notes
Dillmann, A., Genesis: Critically and Exegetically Expounded, Vol. 1, Edinburgh, UK, T. and T. Clark, 1897,
314.
Kautzsch, E.F.: quoted by James Orr, "The Early Narratives of Genesis," in The Fundamentals, Vol. 1, Los
Angeles, CA, Biola Press, 1917.
References
[1] http:/ / tools.wmflabs. org/ bibleversefinder/ ?book=Genesis& verse=10& src=9
[2] Lexicon Results for Shem (Strong's 08035) (http:/ / www. blueletterbible. org/ cgi-bin/ words. pl?book=Gen& chapter=5& verse=32&
strongs=08035& page=)
[3] Lexicon Results for Cham (Strong's 02526) (http:/ / www. blueletterbible. org/ cgi-bin/ words. pl?book=Gen& chapter=9& verse=18&
strongs=02526& page=)
[4] Lexicon Results for Yepheth (Strong's 03315) (http:/ / www. blueletterbible. org/ cgi-bin/ words. pl?book=Gen& chapter=5& verse=32&
strongs=03315& page=)
[5] Shem was a late bloomer, his begetting began "two years after the flood." (Genesis 11:10)
[6] http:/ / www. biblegateway. com/ passage/ ?search=Genesis. 10%3B1Chronicles. 1& version=9
[7] Jubilees 9:11
[8] http:/ / tools.wmflabs. org/ bibleversefinder/ ?book=Genesis& verse=10:14& src=9
[9] http:/ / tools.wmflabs. org/ bibleversefinder/ ?book=1Chronicles& verse=1:12& src=9
[10] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ bibleversefinder/ ?book=1Chronicles& verse=11:4& src=9
[11] Ham is also attributed as the ancestor of the "Hittite", a name now used to describe an Indo-European people; however they are so called
from the preceding Hattians, who spoke a language isolate.
[12] e.g. Jubilees 9:4; 11:1-7 Book of Jubilees at Wesley Center (http:/ / wesley. nnu. edu/ index. php?id=2127)
Sons of Noah
11
[13] Millard, Alan R. Biblical Archaeology Review May/June 2001: Where Was Abraham's Ur? (http:/ / fontes. lstc. edu/ ~rklein/ Documents/
Ur. htm)
[14] Year-Names for Naram-Sin (http:/ / cdli. ucla.edu/ tools/ yearnames/ HTML/ T2K3. htm)
[15] e.g. Book of Jubilees, Biblical Antiquities of Philo, Kitab al-Magall, Flavius Josephus (I.VI.4).
[16] Antiquities of the Jews Book I (http:/ / sacred-texts. com/ jud/ josephus/ ant-1. htm)
[17] Die Chronik des Hippolytus (http:/ / books.google.com/ books?id=N0FucWLGmS8C)
[18] page 192 (http:/ / books. google.com.au/ books?id=3ep502syZv8C& pg=PA192#v=snippet& q=Eber Joktan Sheleph& f=false) page 193
(http:/ / books. google. com. au/ books?id=3ep502syZv8C& pg=PA193#v=snippet& q=Magog Ashkenaz& f=false)
[19] This was observed as early as 1734, in George Sale's Commentary on the Quran.
[20] Seth in Jewish, Christian, and Gnostic Literature (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=zpY3AAAAIAAJ& pg=PA54& lpg=PA54&
dq=bouniter& source=web& ots=YsgV7lu2Dn& sig=Gap0AzNPO0pdPwCOccg39yKk7qU#PPA54,M1), Albertus Frederik Johannes Klijn,
Volume 46 of Novum Testamentum. Supplements, BRILL, 1977, p. 54
[21] S.P. Brock notes that the earliest Greek texts of Pseudo-Methodius read Moneton, while the Syriac versions have Ionon ( Armenian
Apocrypha, p. 117 (http:/ / books.google.com/ books?id=AllY-mu65KsC& pg=PA123& dq=maniton+ noah&
sig=-f9dPnGz0czMO-kfP5MAxhoaJ-o#PPA116,M1))
[22] Travels of Noah into Europe (http:/ / www. annomundi. com/ history/ travels_of_noah. htm)
[23] [23] Surat As-Saffat
External links
Latin Vulgate and English Douay-Rheims (http:/ / www. latinvulgate. com/ )
English Septuagint (http:/ / www. apostlesbible. com/ )
King James Version and Revised Standard Version (http:/ / etext. virginia. edu/ frames/ bibleframe. html)
Jewish Encyclopedia (http:/ / www. jewishencyclopedia. com/ view. jsp?artid=134& letter=G): Entry for
"Genealogy" - a 1901/6 view (the early days of comparative linguistics and the documentary hypothesis).
The connection of modern nations to the table (http:/ / users3. ev1. net/ ~dcris/ lcog/ biblestudies/ Origin of the
Nations. htm) according to a creationist source (with Europe as descended from the tribes of Israel, and the UK
and USA from Joseph (but by different sons)).
Custance, Arthur C., The Roots of the Nations. (http:/ / custance. org/ old/ noah/ ch1bh. html) A more standard
creationist account that associates Japheth with Europe.
Article Sources and Contributors
12
Article Sources and Contributors
Sons of Noah Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=617821219 Contributors: -Ril-, 6.5x52, AAA765, AMK152, AcidSnow, Acjelen, Ahoerstemeier, Al-Zaidi, Alan Canon,
Alieseraj, Allaidh, Andreas1991, Andres rojas22, Andycjp, Aranae, AuntieMormom, Auntof6, Auric, Authr, B'er Rabbit, BD2412, Bachrach44, Benanhalt, Bernopedia, Bobblewik, Bobrayner,
BomBom, Briaboru, Brian0918, Brodmont, C6541, CALR, CSArebel, Ceyockey, Charles Matthews, CharlotteWebb, ChristophMartel, Closedmouth, Codex Sinaiticus, Codrinb,
CommonsDelinker, Cowlibob, DVdm, Daaanieeel, DanMS, Danny, Darklilac, Darktower 12345, Dbachmann, Dekimasu, Dougweller, Dpv, Dreadstar, Dream of Nyx, DuncanHill, Dwlegg,
ESkog, Ealdgyth, Ed Poor, Editor2020, Eisnel, Ekarfi13, Eliyak, Emperorgrey, Epikouros, Euchiasmus, Ewawer, FDuffy, Fayenatic london, FeanorStar7, Fedor, Fenikia, Filiocht, Flyer22,
Fnielsen, Funandtrvl, Future Perfect at Sunrise, Ghirlandajo, Gilgamesh, Globalsurfer1, Gniniv, Good Olfactory, GreatWhiteNortherner, Greier, Griswaldo, Gurch, Hectorian, Henrygb, Heron,
Hkp-avniel, Hrafn, IP Address, IZAK, IfYouDoIfYouDon't, Igiffin, Ineuw, Itai, Izehar, J04n, JamesMLane, Jdavidb, Jeff3000, Jeltz, Jennica, Jerryseinfeld, Jguk 2, Jlittlet, Jmrowland, John D.
Croft, John J. Bulten, John Vandenberg, John of Reading, Johnbod, Jokestress, Jonabbey, Jonathan Tweet, Jwrosenzweig, Kacy Barnett-Gramckow, Kate, Kathleen.wright5, Katieh5584,
Kerowyn, Kewp, Khatru2, Khazar2, Kisholi, KissL, Koakhtzvigad, Koavf, Kwamikagami, Lairor, Lastexpofan, Lcgarcia, Leandrod, Llywrch, Lochaber, Lockesdonkey, Lugia2453, Lupus
Bellator, Madmedea, Makalp, Marecheth Ho'eElohuth, Martarius, Matthew Proctor, Matthewprc, Mdann52, Michael Hardy, Michaelmas1957, Mirv, Moorlock, Mulad, Mustafaa, Nefariousski,
Netkinetic, Niceguyedc, Nightstallion, Norm mit, Nowhither, Pasquale, Paul August, Paul Barlow, Peregrine981, Peterdx, Philip J. Rayment, PiCo, Pigman, PinchasC, Pmanderson, Pomte,
Ponder, Portillo, Psuit, R'n'B, Rax, Rholton, RicHard-59, Rich Farmbrough, Richard Leoni Leon, Rlsheehan, Rob117, Roger Pearse, Rpresser, Rursus, Rx7ward, SJK, Sannse, Sasha l, Satanael,
Schneiden, SchreiberBike, Shaul avrom, SidP, Sj, Sobreira, Solarra, Spark240, Srich32977, StAnselm, Sundberg, Swift as an Eagle, T1980, TShilo12, TarikAkin, Telpardec, The Anome, The
Man in Question, The Ogre, Til Eulenspiegel, Tim Thomason, Timothy Perseus Wordsworthe, Toira, Tongzhica, Trainra, Trauring, Ungtss, Urbanaucourant, Urbanchampion, VirtualDelight,
Vmenkov, Wclark, Wetman, Wikisteff, Will314159, Woohookitty, Xact, Xic667, Yehoishophot Oliver, Zestauferov, Zoeperkoe, arukinu, 358 anonymous edits
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
File:T and O map Guntherus Ziner 1472.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:T_and_O_map_Guntherus_Ziner_1472.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors:
Dbachmann, I.R. Annie IP., Leinad-Z, Man vyi, Rd232
File:Noahsworld map.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Noahsworld_map.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Lyman Coleman (1796-1882); (Original uploader
was Kober at en.wikipedia)
File:Noah (Grigoriants' coll.).jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Noah_(Grigoriants'_coll.).jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anonimous
File:Josephustable 3.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Josephustable_3.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User: Til
Eulenspiegel, User:RicHard-59
File:Ma Lin - Emperor Yao.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ma_Lin_-_Emperor_Yao.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Choufanging, Sevilledade,
Shizhao, Stout256, Vmenkov, Zolo
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/