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po+t,"o+mat-docx./d-1yGpLZMNsR2PAW4axy1!Z"#M$%&'g(Z&Z)cn'(*WLA
Marisol Morales
per. 1
4/1/13
Determination of the Ka of Acetic Acid
Intro
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the Ka of a weak acid and to determine
the endpoint of a titration from the titration cure. The Ka is the acid dissociation constant for
weak acids and the endpoint of a titration is the point in a titration where no more titrant is to !e
added which is shown !" the color chan#e of the indicator. In this experiment$ we used sodium
h"droxide to titrate acetic acid$ !" addin# it in !" %.&$ 1$ or ' m( at a time dependin# at which
p) it was at and recorded the p) after each m( was added. *e added titrant to the solution until
it reached p) 1'. +sin# the information we collected$ we were a!le to #raph the titration cure
,p) s. total olume of titrant added-. *e then used the titration cure to determine the Ka.
*e needed to know half.e/uialence point for this la! to determine the Ka of acetic acid.
The e/uialence point is reached when the moles of the acid and the moles of the titrant !ase
added are e/ual and the half.e/uialence point is when the moles of the acid and the moles of the
con0u#ate !ase are e/ual. 1o the p) is e/ual to the pKa. The )enderson.)assel!ach e/uation$ p)
2 pKa 3 lo# 4A.5 / 4)A5$ can !e used to sole for the p) of the solution. After the p) is found$
we can determine the Ka !" usin# the e/uation 1%6.pKa. 7efore !e#innin# the la!$ we
h"pothesi8ed that the pKa of acetic acid would !e 9.
Materials
.:rlenme"er ;lask
.sodium h"droxide solution
.funnel
.!uret
.stock acetic acid
.p) paper
<rocedure
1. <lace a!out &% m( of sodium h"droxide solution in a 1'& m( :rlenme"er flask. <our
a!out 4& m( of this solution throu#h a funnel into a !uret. =emoe the funnel and drain
seeral milliliters of titrant if necessar" to remoe an" air !u!!les from the !uret tip.
'. *ait 3% seconds after fillin# the !uret to record the olume in order to allow all the added
titrant to cascade down the !uret. =ecord the initial olume of the titrant exactl" ,3/. %.%1
m(-. If desired$ place a card with a !lack !and drawn on it !ehind the !uret to aid in
iewin# the meniscus.
3. >onstruct a ta!le for "our data that contains three columns? !uret olume$ p) of the
solution$ and the total olume of titrant added at each p) alue.
4. To a 1'& m( :rlenme"er flask$ add '& m( of the stock acetic acid solution usin# a '&.m(
olumetric !uret. Measure the p) of the acid stock solution in the :rlenme"er flask and
record. Make sure the readin# had sta!ili8ed !efore recordin# the p).
&. Add titrant to the acid in ' m( portions$ measurin# the p) and !uret olume after each
addition. *hen the p) of the solution is #reater than or e/ual to &.%$ add titrant in 1 m(
increments. =emem!er to record the p) and !uret olume after each addition. *hen the
p) is #reater than or e/ual to &.&$ add titrant in %.& m( increments. >ontinue %.& m(
additions until p) of the solution reaches 11.% units. Increase the titrant addition olume
to 1 m(. *hen the p) is #reater than or e/ual to 11.&$ add titrant in ' m( proportions.
1top addin# titrant when the p) reaches 1' or the titrant is exhausted$ whicheer occurs
first.
@. Araph the p) of the acid sample a#ainst the total olume of titrant added and determine
the Ka of acetic acid from the titration cure.
B. Determine the endpoint of the titration.
Data
7uret olume
,m(-
p) of the
solution
total olume
of titrant
7uret olume
,m(-
p) of the
solution
total olume
of titrant
added at each
p) alue
added at each
p) alue
43.3 4 % ''.& @ '1
41.4 4 ' '' @ '1.&
3C.& 4 4 '1.& @ ''
3B.& 4 @ '1 @.& ''.&
3&.& 4 9 '%.& @.& '3
33.& 4.& 1% '% B '3.&
31.& 4.& 1' 1C.& 9 '4
'C.& & 14 1C C '4.&
'9.& & 1& 19.& C.& '&
'B.& &.& 1@ 19 1% '&.&
'B &.& 1@.& 1B.& 1%.& '@
'@.& &.& 1B 1B 11 '@.&
'@ &.& 1B.& 1@ 11 'B.&
'&.& @ 19 1& 11.& '9.&
'& @ 19.& 13 11.& 3%.&
'4.& @ 1C 11 11.& 3'.&
'4 @ 1C.& C 11.& 34.&
'3.& @ '% B 11.& 3@.&
'3 @ '%.& & 11.& 39.&
3 11.& 4%.&
1 1' 4'.&

:ndpoint? 9 p)
Anal"sis
1. The acid and the con0u#ate !ase hae the same olume at @ p) and this is the half.
e/uialence point. p)2pKa at the half e/uialence point so pKa2@. 7" doin# pKa2
.lo#,Ka-$ we find that Ka is 1.% x 1%6.@. The actual alue of acetic acidDs pKa is 4.B4
while the actual alue of the Ka is 1.9' x 1%6.&. To calculate the percent error we use the
e/uation ,actual/theoretical-and the multipl" it !" 1%% to #et the percent error. ,4.B4/@-2
%.BC$ and then 1.%.BC2 %.'1 x 1%% 2 '1E error. This is a hu#e percent error so our alues
are er" different from the true alues.
'. 4'.& m( of %.1 M FaG) was added to '& m( of %.1 M >')4G'
,%.1 mol FaG)/ 1(- x ,%.%4'& (- 2 %.%%4'& mol FaG)
,%.1 mol >')4G'/ 1(- x ,%.%'&% (- 2 %.%%'& mol >')4G'
%.%4'& ( 3 %.%'&% 2 %.%@B& (
4G).5 2 ,.%%1B& mol/ %.%@B& (- 2 %.%'&C M
3. Ka 2 4)354A.5/4)A5
.lo#Ka 2 .lo# 4)354A.5/4)A5
.lo#Ka 2 .lo#4)35 x 4A.5/4)A5
.lo#Ka 2 .lo#4)35 . lo# 4A.5/4)A5
pKa2 p) . lo#4A.5/4)A5
p) 2 pKa 3 lo#4A.5/4)A5
>onclusion
;or this la! we titrated acetic acid with sodium h"droxide !" releasin# %.&$ 1.%$ or '.% m( of
FaG) dependin# on what p) we were at. After we added the FaG)$ we measure the p) of the
solution eer" time until the p) reached 1'. *e #raphed a titration cure usin# the data we
collected. *e determined the pKa and the half.e/uialence point of the acetic acid usin# the
titrations cure and e/uations. Gur h"pothesis was incorrect !ecause the pKa was @$ not 9. *e
calculated that Ka was 1.% x 1%6.@ when it should hae !een 4.B4.
*e found that we had a '1E error which can !e attri!uted to !oth human error and
desi#n flaws. Gne possi!le source of error could !e that we ma" hae added too much or too
little FaG) each time !ecause we ma" hae !een readin# the !urettDs olume wron#. Also$ we
could hae misread the p) paperDs color !ecause it was hard to tell the difference !etween some
of the colors. There also ma" hae !een air !u!!les in the !uret which would hae chan#ed the
olume of the solution.
7" doin# this experiment I learned more a!out titration and a!out how to find the the p)
and pKa. *hen the moles of the acid and the con0u#ate !ase are e/ual$ we can assume p) is
e/ual to the pKa. I also learned how to derie the )enderson.)assel!ach e/uation from the Ka
expression. This stud" shows that titration is important in showin# the p) chan#es and it also
shows where the data for a titration cure is deried and plotted.

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