Aim: Implementation of N Queen Problem

#include<stdio.h>
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void rule3(int a[],int r,int q)
{
if(r==3||r==9)
{
for(int i=0;i<((q/2)-1);i++)
a[i]=a[i+1];
a[i]=2;
}
}
void swap(int a[],int x,int y)
{
int temp=a[x];
a[x]=a[y];
a[y]=temp;
}
void rule5(int a[],int r,int q)
{
if(r==8)
{
for(int i=q/2;i<=q;i=i+2)
swap(a,i,i+1);
}
}
void rule6(int a[],int r,int q)
{
if(r==2)
{ swap(a,q/2,(q/2)+1);
for(int i=(q/2)+2;i<=q-1;i++)
a[i]=a[i+1];
a[q-1]=5;
}
}
void rule7(int a[],int r,int q)
{CH-1
1.What is regulated power supply ? Draw and explain block diagram of SMPS. Also
write advantage of SMPS
2. What is regulated power supply? List the types of regulated power supply used
in the field and explain any one of them.
3. What is Switched Mode Power Supply? Properly draw and explain SMPS in detail.
4. Draw and Explain the working of SMPS with required block diagram circuits and
wave forms. Enlist differences between linear and switch mode regulator.
5. What is Ideal Voltage source? Also explain factors affecting the voltage regu
lation with block diagram of Shunt voltage regulator
7. Draw and explain block diagram of Switched Mode Power Supply (S.M.P.S.)
9. Justify load current variation with change in load for a practical current so
urce. Classify dependent sources and explain each of them with the help of figur
es.
10. Draw the block diagram of a regulated d.c. power supply and explain briefly
the function of each block.
Ch-2
1. Draw and explain the operational amplifiers closed loop configuration with nec
essary equation and compare all.
2. What is operational amplifier? Draw and explain equivalent circuits of an Opa
mp in detail.
3. List the types of closed loop configuration of an Opamp. Also draw and explai
n any one of them with necessary equation.
4. Define the following terms: CMRR, Slew rate, Transducer, Photoemission effect
, Intrinsic standoff ratio(?), Duty cycle, Multiplexer
5. What are the advantages of close loop configuration? Derive expression of clo
se loop gain for Non-inverting configuration of Op-Amp.
6. An op-Amp is used in inverting mode with R1=2KO, RF=30KO, Vcc=15V. Calculate t
he output voltage for the given inputs:1) Vin=100mV 2) Vin= 3V.
7. Draw and explain Block diagram and voltage transfer characteristics of an Ide
al Op-amp. What is virtual ground concept?
8. What is Operational amplifier? Draw and explain the block diagram of an Opamp
. Also explain the ideal characteristics of an Opamp.
9. List all types of closed loop connections of an Opamp and explain any two of
them in detail
10. Draw and Explain close loop OP-AMP configurations with equations.
11. Briefly explain (1) Slew Rate (2) Input Offset Voltage (3) C.M.R.R. (4) Intr
insic Stand off ratio(?)
12. Explain any four characteristics of a practical Operational Amplifier. Desig
n a unity gain circuit of an operational amplifier that has only one input at th
e non-inverting terminal.
13. Draw the block diagram of an OP-AMP and explain the function of each block.
14. Derive the expression of OP-AMP for non-inverting closed loop voltage gain.
( Avf )
Ch-3
1. Draw and explain block diagram of IC 555. Also explain the Pin connection of
IC 555
3. Design monostable mutivibrator using IC 555 and draw the circuit diagram whi
ch gives output of pulse width of 10 s. What voltage must be applied to the CONTR
OL pin to stretch pulse width from
(i) 10 s to 20 s. (ii) 10 s to 5 s.
4. Properly draw and explain the 555 timer circuits as a monostable multivibrato
r circuits.
5. Describe the steps to convert an Astable multivibrator in a square wave oscil
lator using a diode.
6. Derive the expression of pulse width for monostable multivibrator. Design a m
onostable multivibrator using IC 555 for Vcc=12V and pulse width of 1msec.
7. What is 555 timer circuits? List all application of 555 timer circuits and ex
plain any one of them in detail
8. Explain working of Astable Multivibrator using IC 555 with the help of neat c
ircuit diagram and waveforms
9. Explain the application of astable multivibrator as a square wave oscillator
using a diode.
10. Draw the block diagram of IC 555 and discuss the function of trigger and con
trol voltage pins.
11. Explain the operation of an astable multivibrator using IC 555. Draw its cir
cuit diagram and waveforms.
12. Design a monostable 555 timer circuit to produce an output pulse 165 msec wi
de. Draw the circuit diagram. Determine the value of external component RA if C=
1 F
Ch-4 transducer
1. Give detail classification of the transducer and explain each of them in
detail.
2. What is LVDT ? Explain principle and operation of LVDT. Also list the ad
vantage and application of LVDT.
3. List the types of inductive transducer available and properly draw and e
xplain LVDT in detail.
4. List the types of transducer used to sense the temperature. Also draw an
d explain any one of them in detail.
5. State different types of temperature tranducers. Explain them in brief
6. Write a short note on piezoelectric transducer.
7. What is transducer? Give characteristics of transducer and explain it. A
lso List the factors affecting the selection of transducer and explain it
8. What is LVDT? Draw and Explain the operations of LVDT? Also state the ad
vantages and disadvantages of LVDT.
9. What is Piezoelectric transducer? Draw and explain the operations of pie
zoelectric transducer. Also state their advantages, disadvantages and applicatio
ns of it.
10. Discuss the principal and working of L.V.D.T. with necessary figures. Wh
at are the advantages and disadvantages of L.V.D.T.?
11. Write a short note on strain gauge transducers
12. Linear Variable differential Transformer ( LVDT )
Ch-5 optoelectronic devices
1. What is LCD? List the types of Liquid crystal and explain any two of the
m.
2. Properly explain photoconductive principle. List the types of photocondu
ctive sensor available and explain any of them
3. What is Liquid Crystal Display? Properly explain principle, construction
and operation of LCD
4. What is Liquid Crystal Display? State and explain different types of LCD
5. Explain the optocoupler/Isolator in details. Also explain one applicatio
n
6. What is Liquid Crystal Display? Draw and Explain the functionality of LC
D with required figure.
7. Briefly explain Optocoupler with its application. Compare Photovoltaic Se
nsors with Photoconductive sensors
8. Explain the principal and working of Thermocouple. Compare it with RTD.
9. Explain Liquid Crystal Display with necessary figures
10. How are decimal points indicated in a 7 segment display? Compare among P
N junction diode, LED and LCD.
11. Define secondary emission. List comparison among LDR, photodiode and pho
totransistor.
12. What is an optocoupler/optoisolator? Explain any one application of the
same.
13. Explain construction and principle of operation of photoconductive cell.
14. Compare RTD and Thermocouple
Ch-6 thyristrors
1. What is SCR? With required figure explain the operation and I-V characte
ristics of SCR.
2. What is LASCR? Draw and explain construction and characteristics of LASC
R in detail.
3. Draw and explain principle, construction and operation of Light Activate
d Silicon Control Rectifier in detail.
4. What id DIAC? Properly explain with required wave form the DIAC as a AC
switch in detail.
5. Compare SCR with triac. Explain SCR with all necessary diagrams
6. Explain the working of DIAC(Diode A.C. Switch) with equivalent circuit a
nd I-V characteristics of it.
7. What is TRIAC? Draw and explain the construction of of TRIAC? Also expla
in its operation with required figure
8. What is Light Activated SCR? Draw and explain the construction and chara
cteristics of LASCR in detail.
9. Draw and explain Characteristic , Construction and working of SCR .
10. Explain characteristic of UJT . Discuss UJT as a Relaxation Oscillator w
ith circuit and waveforms.
11. Chart the VI characteristics of the 4 layer diode. Explain the rate effe
ct for a p-n-p-n diode.
12. Draw the equivalent circuit of UJT and plot its characteristics.
13. Define intrinsic stand off ratio ( ? ) of UJT and explain its use as rel
axation oscillator. Draw the relevant waveforms.
Ch-7 measuring instruments
1. What is storage oscilloscope? Explain principle and working of storage o
scilloscope. Also write the advantages and disadvantages of storage oscilloscope
compare to CRO.
2. What is multimeter ? Draw and explain the block diagram of Digital Multi
meter. Give comparison of analog and digital mutimeter.
3. What is Cathode Ray Oscilloscope ? Draw and explain the block diagram of
CRO in detail.
4. List types of schemes available to measure the R, L, C, and Q of the cir
cuits and explain any one of them in detail
5. Exp lain the principle of Digital Storage Oscilloscope with block diagra
m
6. Draw and Explain the block diagram of Cathode Ray Oscilloscope. Also sta
te their advantages
7. What is Digital Multi Meter? Draw and Explain the block diagram of DMM.
Also state the advantages of DMM.
8. Draw and Explain block diagram and working of C.R.O.
9. Write a short note on Digital Multimeter
10. Explain alt/chop method. Differentiate among CRO, digital storage oscill
oscope and mesh storage CRT.
11. Write a short note on bar code scanner and decoder
12. Phase measurement with the help of the Lissajous figures.
Ch-8 consumer electronics
1. With necessary figure, Explain block diagram, operation, and future of w
ashing machine.
2. Draw the block diagram of CD player and explain each blocks in detail
3. Properly draw and explain fuzzy logic system to improve the performance
of washing machine in detail
4. What is RFID? List the application of RFID system and explain any one of
the system in detail.
5. What is fuzzy logic? Explain CD technology with block diagram.
6. What is Washing Machine? Properly explain the concept of fuzzy logic use
d in washing machine
7. What is Bar Code Scanner? Draw and explain the operation of Bar Code Sca
nner with required figure.
8. Write a short note on RFID
9. 1) I-Pod 2) RFID
Ch-9 digital system
1. What is universal Gate ? Explain NOR and NAND gate as a universal Gate.
2. Obtain minimal Sum Of Product for the function F(A,B,C,D,E) ={0,2,4,6,9,
11,13,15,17,,21,25,27,29,31}.
3. What are combinational and sequential circuits? Also give the difference
between them.
4. List the application of 8051 and explain any one of them in detail.
5. Find out the Boolean expression of the Full Adder sum and carry. Using b
y same expression give realization of Full adder circuits.
6. What is sequential circuit? Compare sequential circuit with combinationa
l circuit. Explain A/D converter.
7. Explain the 8051 architecture in detail
8. Explain architecture of 8051 with block diagram.
9. Explain NAND gate as a universal gate. Compare Microprocessor with Micro
controller.
10. Explain R-2R ladder type D/A converter with circuit Diagram and full sca
le voltage calculation. Why it is better than Binary Weighted Resistor type D/A
converter?
11.
12. Reduce the following
(1) ((A+(BC))(AB+ABC)
(2) ABC+B+BD+ABD+AC
13. Minimize the following output function using K-map
(1) f1(A,B,C,D)=S m(1,2,3,5,7,8,9)+d(12,14)
(2) f2(A,B,C,D)= S m(0,1,2,3,4,6,8,9)+d(10,11)
14. Evaluate
a. [1] (A+ B'+AB)(A+B')(A'B) Prove De Morgans laws
b. Design a combinational logic circuit whose output is high only when majo
rity of inputs (A,B,C,D) are low. Obtain the expression and implement it.
15. Write a short note on edge triggered toggle flip flop.
16. Compare the microcontroller with a microprocessor
17. Explain in detail the half adder and full adder circuit using logic diag
ram
18. Draw the block diagram of 8051 microcontroller. Explain each block brief
ly.
19. Differentiate between microprocessor and microcontroller
20. Explain Read Only Memory ( ROM )
21. Successive Approximation Analog To- Digital conversion
if(r==3||r==9)
{