Essay:

Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.
In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? Has this
been a positive or negative development?
It is true that new technologies have had an influence on communication between people.
Technology has affected relationships in various ways, and in my opinion there are both positive
and negative effects.
Technology has had an impact on relationships in business, education and social life. Firstly,
telephones and the Internet allow business people in different countries to interact without ever
meeting each other. Secondly, services like Skype create new possibilities for relationships
between students and teachers. For example, a student can now take video lessons with a teacher
in a different city or country. Finally, many people use social networks, like Facebook, to make
new friends and find people who share common interests, and they interact through their
computers rather than face to face.
On the one hand, these developments can be extremely positive. ooperation between people in
different countries was much more difficult when communication was limited to written letters
or telegrams. !owadays, interactions by email, phone or video are almost as good as face"to"face
meetings, and many of us benefit from these interactions, either in work or social contexts. On
the other hand, the availability of new communication technologies can also have the result of
isolating people and discouraging real interaction. For example, many young people choose to
make friends online rather than mixing with their peers in the real world, and these #virtual$
relationships are a poor substitute for real friendships.
In conclusion, technology has certainly revolutionised communication between people, but not
all of the outcomes of this revolution have been positive.
http://www.ukessays.com/essays/media/efect-of-commercialization-on-sporting-
events-media-essay.php
1.

Popular events like the football orld !up and other international sporting occasions
are essential in easing international tensions and releasing patriotic emotions in a
safe way.
"very four years# the whole world stops to watch international sporting events such
as the $lympics and the %ootball orld !up in which athletes show their best
performance to make their country proud of them. &hese sporting occasions have
proved to be helpful in easing international tensions in di'cult times when powerful
leaders were trying to control the world
(
s economy and other governments were )ghting over land. &he $lympic *ames are
one of the best e+amples which prove how sporting events can bring nations
together# at least temporarily. %rom ancient ,istory# when *reeks and -omans
would interrupt battles to participate in the games# to the more recent international
disputes# when athletes from Palestine and .srael would forget their diferences#
compete paci)cally and even embrace each other after an event. /oreover#
these popular events have called the world(s attention to the terrible conse0uences
of wars1 thus some
leaders have tried to accept agreements to end their dispute and live peacefully.
2imilarly# international sporting events show bene)ts in some developing countries
which live in a daily internal civil war. %or e+ample# 3razil has a high rate of
unemployment# lack of education# hunger# crime# poverty and corruption which
leads to an immense embarrassment of being 3razilian and a low self-esteem.
,owever# when the %ootball orld !up starts# the 3razilian s0uad# which is
considered the best team in the world# provokes an amazing feeling of pride in their
country. /ost people seem to forget all their problems and even the criminal activity
decreases. &hey paint roads with the national colors# use wear the 3razilian team
shirt and buy national 4ags. /oreover# the competition brings families and
neighbors together and even rival gangs watch the games and celebrate peacefully.
.n conclusion# popular sporting events play an important role in decreasing
international tensions and liberating patriotic feelings as ,istory has shown.
&his is a great essay# the ideas# language# structure of paragraphs and sentences#
grammar show high level of "nglish. .n my opinion it is 3and 5. 6eep up the good
work. 7.

8s computers are being used more and more in education# there will be soon no role
for teachers in the classroom.
&here is no doubt that education and the learning process has changed since the
introduction of computers: &he search for information has become easier and
amusing# and connectivity has e+pedited the data availability. &hough e+perts
systems have made computers more intelligent# they have not yet become a
substitute of the human interaction in the learning process. .n my opinion1 what can
be e+pected# is a change
of the teachers( role but not their disappearance from the classroom.
9obody can argue that the ac0uisition of knowledge is more fun and easier with
computers. &he mere activity of touching and e+ploring this device constitutes an
en:oyable task for a kid. &his# accompanied with the rela+ing attitude and software
interactivity# usually conduce to a better grasping of new knowledge. 8t a higher
educational level1 the availability of digital books# simulator and other

academic materials# provide the student with an ever accessible source of
information# that otherwise would not be at hand. 3ut# besides the increasing
comple+ity and behavior of intelligent software# which is usually embedded in the
academic digital material# the need of human interaction in the learning process will
always be present# at least in the foreseeable future. &here is the necessity for a
human being to be able to determine what the speci)cs needs of each individual
are. &he e+pertise of a teacher in how to e+plain and adapt comple+ concepts to
diferent individuals can hardly be mimicked by a computer# no matter how
sophisticated its software is. 8s computers are becoming a common tool for
teaching# teachers should be more aware of their role as guides in the ac0uisition of
knowledge rather than transmitters of facts. &hey have to be open - minded to the
changes that are taking places# keep updated and serve as a problem solvers in the
learning process# thus allowing students to discover the fact for themselves. &o
summarize# in my personal view# teachers play and will play an important role in the
classroom# especially at the primary level. 9o matter how comple+ computers
become# there will be no replacement for the human interaction# but in the way how
this interaction takes place.
"+cellent essay; 8re you a native "nglish speaker< ell done. &he only problem: too
long# =>? words instead of 7?@-7>? ma+imum. =.

"ven though globalization afec
ts the worldAs economies in a positive way# its negative side
should not be forgotten. Biscuss.
.n the present age# globalization is playing an increasingly important role in our
lives. 3ut in the meantime whether it is a blessing or a curse has sparked a heated
debate. 2ome people argue that globalization has a fundamentally bene)cial
in4uence on our lives# while many others contend that it has a detrimental efect as
well. 8 convincing argument can be made about globalization not only playing a
pivotal role in the development of technology and economy# but also promoting the
cultural e+change between diferent countries. &o start with# it is the globalization
that impelled many corporate to become an international group# thereby making a
contribution to the local technology and employment. 2peci)cally# when a
multinational group establish a factory in a developing country# the new e0uipment#
the new management skills and the :ob vacancies are all in the best interest of the
local society. /oreover# people worldwide can get to know each other better
through globalization. .t is easy to see that more and more ,ollywood
blockbusters show cultures diferent from 8merican# some recent e+amples are
C6ungfu Panda( and C&he /ummy(.
8dmittedly# pro)t - driven globalization has severely afected young people. &oday#
in the metropolises in diferent countries# it is very common to see teenagers
wearing 9.6" &-shirts and 8didas footwear# playing ,ip-,op music on 8pple iPods
and eating at 6%!. &he culture that took a thousand years to form :ust seems similar
in these cities1 it is looks like you can only distinguish them by their language.

/eanwhile# in some developing countries# sweat workshops are always a concerning
issue. %or instance# rep
orts show that some teenagers employed by 9.6"(s contractors work in smelly
factories over 1D hours a
day# but are only paid )fty cents per hour. .n summary# . would concede that
globalization does come with some adverse efects. Bespite that fact# bene)ts
created by it far outweigh the disadvantages. $verall# . am convinced that we
should further promote globalization and meanwhile the local government should
take measures to combat culture assimilation and sweat workshops.
&his essay is e+tremely long E==5 words instead of the advised 7?@-7>?F. .t has a
sound structure# your position is clearly e+pressed# the information is well-
organized# and structure-wise the sentences are )ne. &he vocabulary is impressive
and there only were a few grammatical errors Esee comments underlined in blueF.
$verall# looks like a band G.? H essay. D.

.n some countries children have very strict rules of behavior# in other countries they
are allowed to do almost anything they want. &o what e+tent should children have to
follow rules<
&he e+tent to which children have to follow rules is in itself a very comple+ issue#
since children across the world grow up in very diferent cultures. .n .ndia for
e+ample# the level of morality is very high and children are to be very submissive to
their parents as well as other adults around them. &his# however# is not the case for
the estern countries of the world where children follow the motto I&hou shalt do
what thou wiltJ as promoted by celebrities and rock stars. . believe that following st
rict rules has both advantages as well as serious drawbacks as discussed below.
%irstly# strict rules of behavior create responsible and respectful children who in turn
mature into respectful adults. &his forms a stable society which is virtually free from
vices such as prostitution and drug abuse. 2econdly# if children do not follow strict
rules of behavior# they will get out of hand and become work-shy and indolent. &his
will then create a burden on society since the government has to )nd ways to cater
for these social ills. ,owever# forcing children to follow strict rules of behavior does
not always yield positive results as discussed above# most of the time it back)res
and works against society. %or e+ample# teenagers are more likely to do the
opposite of what they are told to do simply because they want to be independent.
!hildren should also have rights to e+ercise their free will and develop their own
pattern of behaviors. 2trict rules simply destroy the individuality of children if they
are imposed on them. 8t the end of the day# it is clear that children should be
guided by rules# but these rules should not be imposed on them because as human
beings# they need to have room to develop their own traits of character and adopt a
behavioral pattern of their own.
&his essay is too long E=@K words instead of advised 7?@-7>?F. $therwise this work
is a very good one1 it covers the task# your position is clear# the ideas are well-
organized# e+pressed# e+plained and supported. &he sentences show a wide range
of language structures# cohesive devices and the grammar is )ne. $verall# looks like
a band G.? or higher essay.

?.

"ven though
globalization afects the worldAs
economies in a very positive way# its negative side should not be forgotten. Biscuss.
*lobalization is such a commonly used term in the twentieth century. .t simply
means that the world has become integrated economically# socially# politically and
culturally through the advances of technology# transportation and communication. .t
is undeniable to say that globalization has resulted in both positive and negative
efects which must be addressed accordingly. &o begin with# globalizat
ion has contributed to the world(s
economies in many bene)cial ways. &he advances in science and technology have
allowed businesses to easily cross over territorial boundary lines. !onse0uently#
companies tend to become more productive# competitive thereby raising 0uality of
goods#
services and the world(s living standard.
2econdly# several companies from the more developed countries have already
ventured to establish foreign operations or branches to take advantage of the low
cost of labor in the poorer countries. &his kind of business activity will provide more
in4u+ of cash or investment funds into the less developed countries. ,owever# one
cannot deny the negative efects which have derived from globalization. $ne crucial
social aspect is the risk and danger of epidemic diseases which can easily be spread
as the mode transportati
on is easier and faster in today(s
advance society. &his is evidenced in
the recent bird(s
4u disease which has infected most 8sian countries over a short time frame. 8s
large corporations invest or take over many of-shore businesses# a modern form of
colonization will also evolve which may pose certain power pressure on the local
governments of the less developed countries. Lnemployment rates in the more
developed regions like "urope may also escalate as corporations choose to
outsource cheaper work force from 8sian countries. .n conclusion# . like to reiterate
that globalization is inevitable and we must urge individuals# companies and
governments to use a more balanced approach by taking appropriate steps to deal
with matters relating to the )nancial or economical gains versus the social# political
or ecological concerns of the world.
&his essay is too long# =15 words instead of 7?@-7>?. $therwise Ee+cept for some
minor grammatical errorsF it is a very nice work. .t covers the task# has the right
structure# the paragraphs are coherent and logically connected by elegantly used
linking words# the structure of sentences is )ne and so is your vocabulary. Mooks like
a 3and G.? or higher essay. >.

%inancial education should be mandatory component of the school program. &o what
e+tent do you agree or disagree with this statement<
.t is an obvious fact that )nancial aspects are a ma:or part of daily life# as an adult
and even as a young individual. "ach and every one of us has to make )nancial
decisions concerning recreation# health# education and more. &he 0uestion is
whether to start with )nancial education as part of school program or postpone it
for a later stage in life.

&o begin with# being able to understand the value of money# the way the economic
system works and interpret )nancial news and its implications is a virtue. ithout
this virtue# an individual# and even a young one# might sufer# to some e+tent. %or
e+ample# a child who does not understand the concept of money might )nd it more
di'cult to e+cept choosing only one present out of more possible ones. .n addition#
many adults are lacking )nancial analysis capabilities. Nuite often# the reason can
be a shaky basis or insecurity when it comes to )nancial terms and concepts.
2tarting from an early age# building a strong background# can very likely prevent
such a situation. ,owever# )nancial education necessarily involves 0uantifying and
setting prices and value for services and goods. .t can be easily turn young people
into cynical and cold-hearted human beings. %urthermore# a tendency to self-
concentration and egoism might rise when one start measuring everything from a
pro)t making perspective. .n conclusion# )nancial education has both pros and cons.
.n my opinion# the advantages are stronger than the disadvantages# making
)nancial education an advisable component of school program. &he disadvantages
should be thought of as a certain price that young people have to pay due to the
characteristics of the world that we live in.
&his is a wonderful essay. .t covers the task# is correctly structured# the paragraphs
are logically connected# the structure of sentences shows e+cellent command of
"nglish. &he vocabulary is )ne and both spelling and grammar are very good. 2ee
comments underlined in blue for some minor corrections. $verall# looks like a 3and
G.? - 5 essay. G.

8s computers are being used more and more in education# there will be soon no role
for teachers in the classroom.
&here have been immense advances in technology in most aspects of people
(
s lives# especially in the )eld of education. 9owadays# an increasing number of
students rely on computers for research and to produce a perfect paper for school
purposes. $thers have decided to leave the original way of learning to get
knowledge through online schools. &hese changes in the learning process have
brought a special concern regarding the possible decrease of importance of
teachers in the classroom. 2ome people believe the role of teachers started to fade
because computers have been helping some students to progress in their studies
0uicker than when compared with an original classroom. %or e+ample# in the same
classroom# students have diferent intellectual capacities# thus some would be tied
to a slow advance in their studies because of others
(
incapacity of understanding. .n this way# pupils could progress in their ac0uisition
of knowledge at their own pace using computers instead of learning from teachers.
,owever# the presence of a teacher is essential for students because the human
contact in4uences them in positive ways. %irstly# students realize that they are not
dealing with a machine but with a human being who deserves attention and
respect. &hey also learn the importance of studying in group and respect other
students# which helps them to improve their social skills.

/oreover# teachers are re0uired in the learning process because they
acknowledge some student(s
de)ciencies and help them to solve their problems by repeating the same
e+planation# giving e+tra e+ercises or even suggesting a private tutor. ,ence#
students can have a bigger chance not to fail in a sub:ect. .n conclusion# the role for
teachers in the learning process is still very important and it will continue to be in
the future because no machine can replace the human interaction and its
conse0uences.
&his is a great essay. Mooks like 3and 5 to me. 9o improvements are necessary#
6eep up the good :ob; 5.

.mprovements in health# education and trade are essential for the development of
poorer nations. ,owever# the governments of richer nations should take more
responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas.
&oday(s world
has been divided into developing and industrialised countries which the main
diference between them is the amount of money that governments apply in
important sectors such as education# health and commerce. /ost of the poorer
nations are buried in debts as a result of their unbalanced )nances which are
re4ected in a failed health care# an unstructured education system and a weak
international trade. &his vicious cycle will continue inde)nitely unless wealthier
nations show interest in minimizing the worldwide economic diferences# as well as
taking more responsibility for assisting unfortunate countries. /ost of the 8frican
countries live in sub-human conditions because of the e+treme poverty# upheaval#
hunger# disease# unemployment# lack of education and both ine+perienced and
corrupt administrations. &he devastating conse0uences of the 8.B2 epidemic in
those countries could improve if the infected populations receive free drugs to
control the disease# have access to health professionals and get information on how
to prevent its spread. 3ut this can only be achieved through international help
programs in which leaders of the world
(
s richest countries donate medicine and also send doctors and nurses to treat and
educate those in need. /oreover# most of the poor countries rely on selling
agricultural products and raw material to rich nations and buying industrialized
products from them resulting in a huge )nancial de)cit. !onse0uently# they borrow
a signi)cant amount of money from the orld 3ank to try to improve their broken
economies# but sometimes the money disappears with no signi)cant changes and
they cannot even pay the interest to the bank. -egarding this issue# last year the
*5# which is comprised of leaders of the eight richest nations# decided to forgive
billions of dollars worth of debt owed by
the world(
s poorest nations. .n addition# they developed ade0uate loan programs to )nancially
assist those countries. .n conclusion# leaders of the industrialised countries play an
indispensable role in assisting developing nations deal with essential areas such as
health# education and trade. 8lso# their aid is the key to break the vicious cycle#
which results in poverty and death.
&his is an amazing essay# looks like 3and 5 to me# nothing to improve here.

K.

Lsing a computer every day can have more negative than positive efects on
children. Bo you agree or disagree< *ive reasons for your answer and include any
relevant e+amples from your own knowledge or e+perience.
"ssay 1
O
,igh 2core
O
3and 5-K .n todayPs modern world# computers are an essential part of everyday life.
8round the globe# children often use computers from a very young age. 8lthough it
is important for children to participate in various well-balanced activities# in my
opinion# children who use the computer daily are actually developing a critical skill
for future success. &he bases for my views are personal# academic# and
professional. %rom a personal point of view# computers are an invaluable resource to
help young people e+plore the world around them. %or e+ample# children who use
.nternet to satisfy their curiosity about diverse topics are already becoming
independent learners. 9o child with a computer is ever bored; 3y starting early in
their lives# children feel totally at ease around computers1 they are also able to take
advantage of the wide range of services computers provide. %rom an academic
viewpoint# children have no choice but to master this technological invention. %or
instance# when . was in university# students brought their laptops to class to take
notes# do research and e+change information. &hey wrote assignments# created
presentations and developed databases. !hildren who build early con)dence and
e+perience in these abilities are at a distinct advantage over those who have not.
%rom a professional perspective# the computer has found a permanent place in the
workplace. &oday# employers still pay to provide computer training to their
employees. &omorrow# corporations will e+pect prospective :ob applicants to
already possess these critical :ob skills. !onse0uently# parents who encourage their
child to use the computer for a reasonable period of time daily are in fact investing
in the childPs future career. .n conclusion# there is no doubt that the computer as a
technological tool is here to stay. &he sooner children become computer-literate# the
better for many aspects of their future lives.
1@.

2uccessful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in
other important professions. 2ome people think this is fully :usti)ed while others
think it is unfair. Biscuss both these views and give your opinion. *ive reasons for
your answer and include any relevant e+amples from your own knowledge or
e+perience.
&he world of sports is a multimillion dollar industry. 8round the globe# people 4ock
to sporting events or watch their favourite teams faithfully each week on television.
8s a result# professional sports athletes receive huge salaries
O
well above# for e+ample# those of doctors# lawyers# teachers or social workers.
&here is some debate about whether such outrageously high salaries are :usti)ed.
$n one hand# sport is viewed as a professional career# in which the top players
should rightly earn high salaries. 8thletes train rigorously from an early age to
become peak performers in their )eld. &hey face tremendous pressure in each and
every game# match or competition. &heir personal lives are compromised

and they lose all privacy. 8t the same time# their strong achievements bring honour
and attention# not only to themselves# but also to their teams# schools# cities or
countries. $n the other hand# various professions contribute to making our world
run smoothly. Boctors put in at least ten years of grueling study and internship1
their work saves lives. &eachers educate and inspire young people to be responsible
citizens: their eforts produce the citizens of tomorrow. 2ocial workers rescue
individuals facing physical# mental and psychological challenges: their intervention
creates safer societies. Qet# professionals in the )elds above usually struggle to get
by# despite their meaningful and critical contribution to the world. .n my view#
paying enormous salaries to sportspeople is unnecessary. e need to reconsider our
social priorities and eliminate the great disparity in income received by diverse
professionals. 3y doing so# we can build societies in which each one feels valued#
appreciated and appropriately compensated for their own vocation or specialization.
11.

.n some countries# young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year
between )nishing high school and starting university studies. Biscuss the
advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. *ive
reasons for your answer and include any relevant e+amples from your own
knowledge or e+perience.
&aking a Igap yearJ of between high school and university
has become a popular option among many young people. &his time of provides a
break after many years of formal study. 2ome students use this time to travel
around the world# others volunteer and still others begin working. &he idea behind
each of these activities is to do something hands-on and refreshing# which enables
young people to learn more about themselves and their place in the world around
them. &he bene)ts of taking a year of are plentiful. $n a personal level# students
who travel away from home develop their independence and self-con)dence. $n a
cultural level# they learn about viewpoints# traditions and perspectives diferent
from their own. Professionally# students get a taste of diverse workplaces# which
might inspire a possible career interest. .ntellectually# they e+amine their own
beliefs and ideas in relation to those of others in a new environment. 8ll these
advantages combine to make a strong case for taking the one-year break.
9evertheless# there are also dangers involved in taking such a long break.
8cademically# the main drawback is that students can get sidetracked from their
studies. 8 year is a long time and students could lose the good study habits and
sense of discipline they had when they were in a formal academic structure. .f they
begin working# they could also be deluded into
thinking that they(re making a lot of money. &hey could
lose the bene)t of college or university education and the chance to earn a higher
income all their lives. .n conclusion# whether to take a year-long break or not is an
individual decision. "ach young person
should consider his or her motivations carefully and decide on what(s most
desirable. &ime is a precious resource and people of all ages# including young
people# should treat it with respect.


17.

Lniversities should accept e0ual numbers of men and women in every sub:ect. &o
what e+tent do you agree with this statement<
*ender issues have been increasing in importance through the centuries. .n almost
every sphere of human activity# there has been a movement towards greater
e0uality between men and women. 8lthough . agree that universities should open
their doors to all students alike# in my view# they need not set a )+ed limit on the
number of men and women they accept in each sub:ect. &he bases for my views are
psychological and personal. Psychologically speaking# men and women are simply
diferent# though they have the same potential for greatness. %or e+ample# women
tend to be more intuitive# sensitive to others and caring. &his means they may feel
drawn# on the basis of their personalities# to certain kinds of professions such as
teaching# nursing# or psychology# even if all )elds are open to them. .n such a
conte+t# it is best for universities to choose the best applicants# regardless of
gender. Personally# students need to discover their true calling. &his is an individual
matter and is not in4uenced by the universities reserving seats for men or women.
%or e+ample# if the ma:ority of women shy away from math or engineering# perhaps
it has to do with their upbringing# which has in4uenced their interests. &he
universities will not be able to reverse this trend# though they should always look
out for the most 0uali)ed candidates. .n conclusion# e0uality cannot be forced upon
people
O
not in the area of education# employment or family life. "0uality is about having
choices and those who prove themselves capable will 0ualify for university#
regardless of gender. .t is only right that universities re4ect and respect these free
and natural choices being e+ercised by their students.
1=.

&he rising levels of congestion and air pollution found in most of the world cities can
be attributed directly to the rapidly increasing number of private cars in use. .n
order to reverse this decline in the 0uality of life in cities# attempts must be made to
encourage people to use their cars less and public transport more. Biscuss possible
ways to encourage the use of public transport. &o what e+tent do you agree with
this statement<
.n a world of increasing environmental awareness improved public transport
represents the way of the future. 8lthough people do en:oy the convenience and
privacy of traveling in their own private vehicles# in my opinion they may choose
public transport if it ful)lls certain conditions. &hese conditions fall into three broad
categories: attitudinal# )nancial and logistical. %rom an attitudinal perspective#
people must )rst be convinced of the bene)ts of public transportation. 8n
educational or public relations campaign must be launched to sensitize those who
might have disregarded this possibility before. People should be familiarized with
the environmental# social and personal bene)ts for present and future generations.
&his is one step.

%rom a )nancial perspective# public transportation must be a clear and viable
bene)t to consumers. .n other words# it must be more afordable than driving to
work every day. %or e+ample# if people know that by using bus and subway# they
can save enough money to take a free holiday each year# many more individuals
would be persuaded to travel in this way. &his is another critical step. %rom a
logistical perspective# public transportation should be convenient for commuters.
!ity planners and transport o'cials must ensure that fre0uent and reliable public
transportation is available for each citizen. %or people to make the habit of traveling
by bus or subway# they must know that they will be able to get to various places on
time. &ransport vehicles must be well maintained# subway and bus drivers should be
customer-oriented and service must be punctual and e'cient. &his is an additional
important step. .n conclusion# through a multi-pronged approach# it is possible to
increase the use of public transportation. !ity o'cials and politicians can lead the
way by utilizing these forms of transport themselves and bringing about change
through personal e+ample. &hen# more citizens will follow suit and we may all hope
to live in a cleaner# less polluted environment.
1D.

/any people believe that women make better parents than men and that this is why
they have a greater role in raising children in most societies. $thers claim that men
are :ust as good as women at parenting. rite an essay e+pressing your point of
view. *ive reasons for your answer. &o what e+tent do you agree with this
statement<
8 child is born to two parents
O
a man and a woman. 3oth se+es play a crucial role in raising the child. 8lthough
fathers can make e+cellent parents# in my opinion# mothers are in reality better
parents based on their natural intuition and compassionate tendencies. %irstly# for a
wide variety of socio-cultural reasons# women tend to have more intuitive
intelligence than men. .t is this intuition that enables the mother to know when her
child needs her. .n addition# women often know how to read non-verbal signals in
human behaviour# which can alert them to issues and problems
in the child(s life. 8ll of these I
perceptive skills
J play a ma:or role in making the mother
a close# responsible and responsive parent. 2econdly# most mothers share a
inimitable bond with their children. Perhaps this bond arises during the nine months
of pregnancy1 perhaps it is reinforced through the act of breastfeeding. hatever
the cause# there often appears to be a lifelong silver chord or psychic connection
between mother and child. 8s a result#
the mother is able to evaluate the child(s actions
from the viewpoint of his/her intentions# and not :ust results. &his empathy is
priceless and cannot easily be replicated. 8lthough fathers may form deep loving
bonds with their children# they may not be able to match the depth of closeness
shared by mother and child. .n conclusion# although both parents are certainly
capable of caring for the child# the mother often makes a better parent. 8nyone who
has e+perienced
the unconditional acceptance of a mother(
s love can bear witness to this reality.
1?.

hat factors are related to academic success in high school students<

,igh school is a critical time in the life of young people. $n the one hand# teenagers
are eager to en:oy their freedom and independence. $n the other hand# they must
be disciplined enough to keep their priorities straight. .n my opinion# three social
institutions impact high school students the most at this vulnerable time
O
the family# peer group and school. %irstly# the family plays the central role by
providing t
he backdrop in a young person(s
life. 8 positive family environment provides love# support and encouragement for
the student to do his/her best. 2imultaneously# the family aims to instill discipline
and ambition in the child. &he in4uence and e+pectations of family members remain
paramount at this time and throughout a young personPs life. 2econdly# as a child
turns into a teenager# the peer group begins to play an increasingly important role
in his/her life. &he friendships one develops at this highly sensitive stage can afect
ones attitude to studies# authority# society and the world. .n the right company#
young people can get involved in positive activities that support their academic
performance. ith the wrong crowd# teenagers could develop a host of unhealthy
and dangerous habits which impact not only their grades but all aspects of their
lives. Mastly# the school itself is a deciding factor in the studentPs academic success.
8 variety of elements determine how the students feel about school: the teachers#
the staf# the facilities# the sub:ects# the te+t books# the method of instruction and
more. 8ll of these have a
signi)cant impact on the young person(s
motivation to e+cel. .n conclusion# high school success is the product of various
in4uences. e are all fortunate that# aside from a few unfortunate e+ceptions# the
ma:ority of students worldwide aspire to do well and grow up to become active and
healthy participants in the world around them.
1>.

%oreign language instruction should begin in kindergarten. Biscuss.
8ccording to a famous saying
# I&he limits of my language are the limits of my world.J
.ndeed# the ability to speak several languages is considered one of the hallmarks of
a cultured person. %rom this perspective# foreign language instruction should begin
as early as possible in order to achieve near-native 4uency. &he reasons behind this
approach are intellectual# social and professional. .ntellectually# learning a foreign
language at a young age enables children to develop their brain. 8t this age#
children(s minds are like sponges
and their capacities are limitless. &hey have less inhibition or biases against
learning diferent sub:ects. &hey can learn one# two or three languages without
confusion1 it would only serve to e+pand their minds. &herefore# it is ideal to start
teaching a foreign language in kindergarten. 2ocially# learning a foreign language
enables the young child to enter a wider cultural world. 3y learning to speak# think
and understand a diferent language# the child develops greater cross-cultural
awareness. &his critical ability enables the child to make friends with# identify with
and empathize with others who speak the additional language. Professionally# by
learning a foreign language in kindergarten# the child e+pands his/her future career
horizons.
.n today(s increasingly globalized world
# bilingual and multilingual individuals are in high

demand. &he child who achieves this 4uency naturally and easily at a young age
already has an edge over others in the :ob market. .n summary# numerous bene)ts
4ow from teaching a foreign language from kindergarten. &he child will most likely
grow up to thank those who made such a learning e+perience possible.
1G.

3and K sample ."M&2 writing on parentsA support
etc.
hile many individuals complain that they are not su'ciently clever to succeed in
life# . )rmly believe that personality and development are decided more by
education and training after birth than any given gene. &o begin with# environment
is a determining factor
of one(s personality. $ne may think that
personality is already shaped once a baby is born# but in fact there are many
contributing factors. &he baby# for instance# would most likely be pessimistic if he or
she lived in a poor family# where the baby always received punishment from his
parents. ,is view of life would be very diferent from another individual who lived
happily in a perfectly nurturing family with encouragement and psychological
support from his parents. %urther# education after birth plays a signi)cant
role in one(s development. "ducation# which helps
children develop their thinking and accumulate their knowledge# is a deciding factor
of one(s success. %or
e+ample# a high-school level person commonly may not to the e+tent of a person
who has received an university education. &his is not only because of the greater
breadth of knowledge ac0uired# but also due to a more critical and focused way of
thinking that is imparted and re)ned during ones senior education. 8 wolf child# to
ofer another instance# due to a de)ciency of education by contact with human
beings# could hardly live in our society or self-develop. 8dmittedly# nature#
decided by the genes given by one(s parents# also afects one(s personality and
development. $ne can clearly )nd diferences among younger kids in their learning
ability# which could prove the importance of genes in this regard. ,owever# when
compared with other factors after birth# the
role genes play in one(s personality and development may not be
particularly signi)cant. 9ot all genius will inevitably be successful# and similarly not
all great men are genius in their childhood. &herefore# . hold that environment and
education after birth weigh heavier than nature in regard to
one(s personality an
d development.
15.

3and K sample ."M&2 writing on compete or coorporative.
!ompetition and cooperation play a large role in the advancement of society# both
in business and non-business areas. !ompetition forces people to improve their
products or services# and hence bene)ts the recipients of these products or
services. !ooperation# however# plays an even more important role in development
of individuals and the society as a whole# because it drastically increases the scale
of these improvements. orking in groups and teams far increases the productivity
of individuals. &hus# . )rmly believe children should be taught to cooperate rather
than to compete.

%irst of all# cooperation is an important skill in the future life of all children. &hey will
need to live with other people throughout their life# since they will not study alone#
work alone# nor spend their leisure time alone. .f they do not know how to cooperate
with their classmates# their colleagues# and other family members# then they will
lose the chance to live happily. &hus# cooperation skills should be taught before they
grow up to face serious problems living with others. %urthermore# cooperation is a
signi)cant contributing factor to the development of society. hile competition
generally ends in a win-lose result# cooperation advocates that one plus one is
larger than two# three or even a larger number. %or e+ample# the competition of two
business )rms would ultimately lead to the result that one becomes stronger and
the other fails and goes out of business. ,owever# if they cooperate with each other
successfully# they may group together to form an enterprise larger than the mere
sum of the two. &he more successful cooperation there is# the better the society
develops. &hus# cooperation should be taught to children# because eventually they
will be the e+ecutives of important corporations. 8dmittedly# competition also plays
a signi)cant role in many areas. 2tressed by the competition# individuals and
organizations have to struggle to survive# and so they are forced to make
improvements and develop. ,owever# in comparison# cooperation is more efective
in helping individuals and societies to develop# because it bene)ts not only
individuals# but also society as a whole. &he reality is that children should be taught
both# but if forced to choose only one# parents should undoubtedly teach their kids
to cooperate rather than to compete.
1K.

2hould parents be obliged to immunise their children against common childhood
diseases< $r do individuals have the right to choose not to immunise their children<
&he issue of whether we should force parents to immunise their children against
common diseases is# in my opinion# a social rather than a medical 0uestion. 2ince
we are free to choose what we e+pose our bodies to in the way of food# drink# or
religion for that matter# why should the 0uestion of medical
ItreatmentJ
be any diferent< /edical researchers and governments are primarily interested in
overall statistics and trends and in money-saving schemes which fail to take into
consideration the individualPs concerns and rights. hile immunisation against
diseases such astetanus and whooping cough may be efective# little information is
released about the harmful efects of vaccinations which can sometimes result in
stunted growth or even death. &he body is designed to resist disease and to create
its own natural immunity through contact with that disease. 2o when children are
given arti)cial immunity#we create a vulnerable society which is entirely dependent
on immunisation. .n the event that mass immunisation programmes were to cease#
the society as a whole would be more at risk than ever before.

.n addition there is the issue of the rights of the individual. 8s members of a society#
why should we be obliged to sub:ect our children to this potentially harmful
practice< 2ome people may also be against immunisation on religious grounds and
their needs must also be considered. %or these reasons . feel strongly that
immunisation programmes should not be obligatory and that the individual should
have the right to choose whether or not to participate.
7@.

2everal languages are in danger of e+tinction because they are spoken by very
small numbers of people. 2ome people say that governments should spend public
money on saving these languages# while others believe that would be a waste of
money. Biscuss both these views and give your opinion.
.t is true that some minority languages may disappear in the near future. 8lthough
it can be argued that governments could save money by allowing this to happen# .
believe that these languages should be protected and preserved. &here are several
reasons why saving minority languages could be seen as a waste of money. %irstly#
if a language is only spoken by a small number of people# e+pensive education
programs will be needed to make sure that more people learn it# and the state will
have to pay for facilities# teachers and marketing. &his money might be better spent
on other public services. 2econdly# it would be much cheaper and more e'cient for
countries to have :ust one language. *overnments could cut all kinds of costs
related to communicating with each minority group. Bespite the above arguments# .
believe that governments should try to preserve languages that are less widely
spoken. 8 language is much more than simply a means of communication1 it has a
vital connection with the cultural identity of the people who speak it. .f a language
disappears# a whole way of life will disappear with it# and we will lose the rich
cultural diversity that makes societies more interesting. 3y spending money to
protect minority languages# governments can also preserve traditions# customs and
behaviours that are part of a country(s history.
.n conclusion# it may save money in the short term if we allow minority languages to
disappear# but in the long term this would have an e+tremely negative impact on
our cultural heritage.
71.

3and K sample ."M&2 writing on violence in movies and society. &opic: &he
government should control the amount of violence in )lms and on television in order
to decrease violent crimes in society. &o what e+tent do you agree or disagree<
.t has been suggested that the government should control the amount of violence in
)lms and on television in order to decrease the rate of violent crimes in society. .t
would certainly be easy to garner support for such a move# but solely adapting such
a policy will do little to efect social change. &he 0uestion has often been raised as
to what e+tent media violence actually in4uences behavior. $ne can readily recount
incidences of a child or young person viewing some violent behavior in a movie or
on television and then trying to reproduce that situation in real life. .t is hard to
estimate the amount of

violence which can be traced back to television shows or movies but the e+istence
of such incidences is undeniable. Mogically# removing this violent content should
directly reduce the incidence of such violence but this relationship between violent
media content and violent behavior is not so simple. hile much has been recorded
of young people imitating media violence# little has been directed to the in4uence of
sad violence on those who are able to diferentiate the imaginary situations in
movies and on television from reality. .f one were to )nd no similar relationship it
could be immediately surmised that the most direct solution is increased
supervision of young people# and not themodi)cation of media content. &he degree
to which people are in4uenced by what they see in the media depends directly on
how responsibly they are educated about the relationship of )ction and reality.
atching comedies does not transform one into a comedian# and watching violent
movies does not directly make one violent. -ather than taking crude half measures
to repair comple+ social problems# more focus must be placed on the nature of
interpersonal relationships# social responsibility and personal accountability.
77.

3and K sample ."M&2 writing on university education and :obs.
&here is no doubt that helping students )nd a :ob is one of the primary functions of
university education# but universities do e+ist for other purposes such as
improving students(
analytical skills and
raising students( moral standards
. 8 university education can be seen as
a process of improving students(
analytical thinking. &he variety of courses ofered at university inspires students in
various ways# therefore improving their analytical ability. %or e+ample# science
courses such as math and biology help students develop a rational way of thinking
whereas arts courses such as literature have to let students ponder over issues from
a logical# multi-dimensional perspective1 and courses in social sciences force
students to recognize the ideas that have been traditionally assumed to be
acceptable and unproblematic. ith the development of these types of analytical
thinking# graduates can face future challenges with more con)dence and
enthusiasm. 8lso# university education is e+pected to
improve students(
moral standards. &his is rooted in uni
versities( belief that students( awarene
ss of responsibility towards their community and their country is of high importance.
.n this ever-degenerating society and civilization# students are encouraged to
actively participate in improving the local community. 8 university that provides
care and facilities for physically disadvantaged students may inspire the graduates
to better handle situations in the future where they may have to interact with the
disabled community. 8 successful university education is supposed to produce
morally sound graduates# therefore increasing their employability. .n conclusion#
university education not only helps students locate a decent :ob but will also
develop other 0ualities such as enhancing their analytical skills and cultivating their
hunger and spirit for life.

7=.

3and 5 sample ."M&2 writing on guns. &opic: Lnlike other countries# police in L6 does
not carry guns. 2ome think it leaves citizen unprotected. $thers think it reduces the
overall violence in L6 society. Biscuss.
&his should be a familiar scene in a ,ollywood detective movie: an 8merican police
o'cer# armed with a pistol in case of a sudden strike from a misty corner# patrols a
dark alley in search of the criminal element. .n the meantime# his L6 counterparts
has to do the same :ob with merely a short baton in hand. ,e is like a fearless
knight )ghting for honour against enemies armed with guns with only his lance.
9aturally# the ending will always be unfavourable to him. $r the ending will always
not be to the delight of the spectators. Police# as protectors of his people# should do
what they can# and use whatever means they can# to
keep people out of harm(s way
. 3ut in the L6# police are on duty without carying a gun# which is a very bad idea.
&hey are handicapping themselves. *enerally speaking# gun is recognized as a
emblem of power and :ustice of police. .t is clear that a police with gun on is able to
prevent those potential criminal activities. %or instance# a pistol on the belt works
efectively to stop crimes range from those robbery# theft# and rape and it can also
force the criminals to be arrested. %urthermore# gun serves for a reliable friend while
the police crashs into a emergent situation like gun )ghting or commotion. *uns are
not e+pected to be employed to )nish of the chaos but to help the police survive
before the reinforcement comes. /eanwhile# the violence rate is rising in L6 due to
the global terrorism. Lnlike the ordinary gangster and robbers who is armed
daggers and knives# a large number of international terrorists are e0uipped with
semi-auto ri4es and massive destruction weapons. Proper measures must be taken
to limit the uneven contrast of power and the great eforts should be made to
protect civilians from the harm of terrorist attack. ,owever#
there is an old saying Icombat poison with poisonJ
# say# an overall upgrading of L6 police e0uipments
couldn(
t be better to meet the needs. .t is all necessary that every police carries a pistol
while they are on duty# that would be the practicable way to ensure the public
security in 3riton. 8s a conse0uence# having carry guns by police will evidently
bene)t people in L6# and of which will lead to a more steady and harmonic society.
.f there must be a controversy# it would go to whether the government should place
a curb upon the possible abuse of gun.
7D.

3and K sample ."M&2 writing on money and success.
&he notion of success holds diferent meanings for diferent people and groups.
2uch meanings have changed and evolved over time. 8ctually# many propose that
possessing an abundance of money implies success. ,owever# this view is rendered
obsolete in the minds of those individuals who hold that
one(s
success cannot be measured strictly by money. /aterial possession has been
traditionally accepted as the measurement of
one(s success or social
status. hen we initially refer to someone# we routinely mention how much money
he owns and thereby believe this individual to be 0uite successful if he is wealthy.
.n addition to this perpetuated concept# owning

a lot of money is typically
related to one(s work ability and thus some people may simply consider money as a
prime measurement of one(s success
. ,owever# this view has changed recently since many people have come to
recognize that money in many cases cannot bring about happiness# health and
success. 8 more precise# contemporaneous de)nition of success means doing the
things one perceives are valuable to themselves and bene)cial for others. &he
winner of the 9obel Prize for peace may think he is has achieved success although
he is rewarded little )nancial bene)t. 8 person who loves animals and makes an
efort to save animals that are on a path of e+tinction may think he has gained
success although he may have e+pended all of his money on his career. 8nother
individual may de)ne success as being able to make artistic masterpieces that can
be accepted by public. 8s a composer# success is having his work praised by
adoring fans and who help cause the work to be bought the world over. 2imilarly#
holding an e+hibition in a famous art gallery may connote success for a painter.
People adhere to various concepts de)ning success. /oney surely cannot be the
only measurement of success. 8c0uiring true happiness in life and attaining success
means having the freedom and capability of doing that which you en:oy and
believing it to be valuable.
7?.

3and 5 sample ."M&2 writing: stricter punishment and road safety.
-ecent years have witnessed a worsening trend in road safety. 8ccording to
statistics from the local authority# the number of tra'c accidents in 7@@D was 7@R
greater than that of the previous year. &he issue is gaining more and more concern
of the public# some of whom propose that stricter punishment on tra'c ofenders
should be the only way to ensure road safety. 8s far as . am concerned# . hold that
punishment should not be only solution to the problem. &here is certainly no
denying that stricter penalties may to some e+tent bring down the number of
accidents on motorways as a deterrent to driving ofenses. 3esides# the government
may en:oy a greater revenue from severer )nes# which can in turn be used to
improve road conditions. ,owever# we shall never overlook the other side of the
coin: punishment has its downsides. %ines# as the most common penalty for driving
violations# tend to instill in people the misconception that money can pay of their
guilt and resolve the problem. 8s a result# we can see many cases where the tra'c
ofender commits the same or another mistake even after having been )ned a lot.
.n spite of heavier punishment# road safety cannot be enhanced unless drivers are
e0uipped with su'cient driving skills and knowledge. -ecently there have emerged
many irresponsible driving schools that have produced a host of un0uali)ed drivers#
contributing to more tra'c ofences. &hus tight control on driving schools and the
driving testing system is needed as well to improve road safety. %urthermore#
advertisements and campaigns concerned should be launched to raise the public
awareness. hen people are fully aware of the importance of abiding by tra'c
rules# accidents may hopefully be eliminated.

%rom the above discussion# it is clear that only stricter punishment is not enough to
enhance road safety. .nstead# it should go hand in hand with closer control on
driving schools and the testing system as well as higher public awareness.
7>.

&here are many diferent types of music in the world today# hy do we need music<
.s the traditional music of a country more important than the international music
that is heard everywhere nowadays<
&he day the world was created# music was born. 9ature has wonderful rhythms and
sound which cannot be matched to anything in this world. &he sound of recurring
waves of the sea# the 4ow of the river# voice of the cuckoo all have been a great
in4uence on mankind. /usic has grown into human beings over years# shaped by
various improvements# used to depict the mood of the person who plays it.
.nternational music has under grown a massive reach in the last decade due to
better globalization# communication and shrinking of the world. ,owever there have
been developments in traditional music which are more in4uenced by the culture
and tradition of a country. &he reach of music across borders has created a healthy
environment and has provided opportunities for creativity by combining
international music and traditional music.
"arlier in the 1K5@(s people heard romantic# soft# western music which has
dramatically changed to
rock music now. ,ip hop music which were very popular earlier have transcended
and although people love to hear them they have b
een out fashioned in today(s music world.
&raditional music of a country is uni0ue for every country and it has its roots too.
&hey depict the culture# tradition of the society. %or e+ample# in .ndia# every
occasion has a music relevant to the mood. &he cl
assical music Cragas( have
speci)c collection of notes which when sung during particular time of a day gives
peace of mind to body and soul. 9ot to deny the fact that the traditional music have
undergone changes too. &here have been adaptations made from the international
music. &he instruments used have been very diferent and more advanced keeping
in pace with technological advancements. 8lthough they have been changes# the
basic structure of the traditional music remains uni0ue and unchanged. -esearch
shows that music can heal and cure diseases. &hey can soothe ones feelings and
rela+es our mind. "very individual has a sense of taste for music# which is very
uni0ue. 2ome like :azz# rock some classical and some hip hop. hatever it is music
has been one of the ma:or part time e+periences for human beings. /usic keeps
everyone re:uvenated throughout his life# which proves its necessity. &raditional
music and international music are two diferent things altogether. .t is very
important for both of them to e+ist# more for the former# because it gives the sense
of the tradition# culture and is more than :ust an art. .n this ever-changing world it
becomes imperative that our future generations get to know about the traditional
music which is more native of the country. ,ence . feel traditional music is more
important than international music.
3and K &ask 1

&he graph shows changes in the gap between L2 energy consumption and
production since 1K?@. .t also estimates trends up to 7@7?. 3etween 1K?@ and 1KG@
both production and consumption increased from :ust over =@ units to about >?#
and although consumption was consistently higher# the diference was marginal
during this period. ,owever# production grew only gradually over the ne+t =@ years
to reach G@ units in 7@@@. .n contrast# growth in consumption was steeper and more
4uctuating# reaching K? units by 7@@@. "nergy imports needed to bridge this gap
therefore increased from very little in 1KG@ to a substantial 7? units in 7@@@.
Pro:ections up to 7@7? indicate that this trend is likely to continue# with the gap
between production and consumption widening. 3y 7@7? it is e+pected that
consumption will reach 1D@ units# while production will reach only K@# so more than
=@R of energy consumed E?@ unitsF will have to be imported. $verall# the graph
indicated that energy production in the L2 is not keeping up with consumption# so
imports will continue to increase.
&he diagram below shows the water cycle# which is the continuous movement of
water on# above and below the surface of the "arth.

&he picture illustrates the way in which water passes from ocean to air to land
during the natural process known as the water cycle. &hree main stages are shown
on the diagram. $cean water evaporates# falls as rain# and eventually runs back into
the oceans again. 3eginning at the evaporation stage# we can see that 5@R of
water vapour in the air comes from the oceans. ,eat from the sun causes water to
evaporate# and water vapour condenses to form clouds. 8t the second stage#
labelled
Cprecipitation( on the diagram# water falls as rain or snow.
8t the third stage in the cycle# rainwater may take various paths. 2ome of it may
fall into lakes or
return to the oceans via Csurface runof(. $therwise# rainwater may )lter through
the ground#
reaching the impervious layer of the earth. 2alt water intrusion is shown to take
place :ust before groundwater passes into the oceans to complete the cycle.
Sport is becoming a business. More and more companies are getting involved in sporting events. Do you think that it is a positive or negative
development?
Model answer
Major sporting events attract millions of viewers. Needless to say, they have become quite popular with corporates trying to reach more and more customers. By sponsoring
popular sporting events companies significantly improve their brand recall value. Nowadays, big corporate houses are not only sponsoring sports events; they are also buying
sports teams. It is a winwin situation for both. !port gets the financial assistance it desperately needs. "ompanies build their brands. #owever, this development, too, has some
negative aspects. $et%s analy&e.
Now that companies pump in millions of dollars into many sports items, talented players are eager to enter the field. 'his is a definitely a positive development. !portsmen, at
least those who play popular items, are now assured of a steady income. In the olden days, many sports persons weren%t earning enough to ma(e a living. )ri&e money wasn%t
good. !ponsorship deals hardly ever e*isted. 'his deterred many talented players from pursuing a career in sports. Now the situation is totally different. "orporate sponsorship
has also helped many sporting events from becoming e*tinct.
+n the flip side, when sports become a business, the focus can shift from talent to profit. ,lthough big pri&e monies and sponsorship deals can attract fresh talent into the game,
sometimes the same can lead to problems li(e match fi*ing. It is not uncommon for international cric(et and football players to get involved in match fi*ing controversies. 'he
pressure to perform can also compel many players to consume performance enhancing drugs. -hat%s more, the events that attract corporate involvement are already popular
on their own. .or e*ample, in India cric(et is hugely popular so companies are eager to sponsor cric(eters. )layers of other less popular events don%t have any sponsors.
,fter analy&ing both sides of the argument, it is not hard to see that corporates entering the field of sports is both good and bad. Big pri&e money and sponsorship deals will
definitely encourage more people to pursue a career in sports. +n the other hand, companies will always have business interest in their mind. !ometimes this can ta(e the focus
off the game.