Chemistry 301 - MIDTERM EXAM #1

Wednesday, October 6, 2004, 9:00 am

Explain your answers whenever possible, Calculators are permitted.
Worth 20 points (20% of course)
1) (3 points) Briefly answer the following:
a) What is the difference between alkalinity and basicity?
b) Briefly describe two properties of water that are a unique consequence of cooperative
hydrogen bonding.
c) Why is CO
2
more soluble in water than you would predict based on Henry's Law alone?
2) (3 points) What does it mean when we say that water is "hard"? What visible effects are
found when hard water is boiled? Why? What is this due to?
3) (4 points) Given a choice of typical, naturally occurring ligand atoms (list them), which do
you think is/are the most likely candidates for Cd
+2
and Ca
+2
, respectively, to bind with?
Explain why.
4) (4 points) At pH 7.3, what is the dominant form of total CO
2
(CO
2
)? What is the ratio of
[HCO
3
-
] to [CO
3
-2
]? If CO
2
is measured to be 2.1 x 10
-3
M, what is [CO
3
-2
]?
5) (6 points) What is the predicted Mn
+2
concentration in equilibrium with MnCO
3
(s) at pH
8.0, in a solution with a carbonate alkalinity of 1.0 x 10
-3
eq./L?
Potentially useful data:
Reaction
Kind of
Constant
Value
CO
2
(aq) HCO
3
-
+ H
+
pK
a1
6.35
HCO
3
-
CO
3
-2
+ H
+
pK
a2
10.33
CO
2
(g) CO
2
(aq) pK
H
1.47
H
2
S(g) H
2
S(aq) pK
H
0.99
H
2
S(aq) HS
-
+ H
+
pK
a1
7.02
HS
-
S
-2
+ H
+
pK
a2
13.9
H
3
PO
4
H
2
PO
4
-
+ H
+
pK
a1
2.17
H
2
PO
4
-
HPO
4
-2
+ H
+
pK
a2
7.21
HPO
4
-2
PO
4
-3
+ H
+
pK
a3
12.32
Fe(OH)
3(s)
+ 3H
+
Fe
+3
+ 3H
2
O pK
sp
-3.96
Fe(OH)
2(s)
+ 2H
+
Fe
+2
+ 2H
2
O pK
sp
-12.9
Pb(OH)
2
(s) Pb
+2
+ 2OH
-
pK
sp
19.79
PbCO
3
(s) Pb
+2
+ CO
3
-2
pK
sp
12.82
CaCO
3
(s) Ca
+2
+ CO
3
-2
pK
sp
8.35
MnCO
3
(s) Mn
+2
+ CO
3
-2
pK
sp
9.3
AlPO
4
(s) Al
+3
+ PO
4
-3
pK
sp
21.0
Al
+3
+ OH
-
Al(OH)
+2
pK
f1
-9.0
Al
+3
+ 2OH
-
Al(OH)
2
+
p
f2
-18.7
Al
+3
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3(s)
p
f3
-27.0
Al
+3
+ 4OH
-
Al(OH)
4
-
p
f4
-33.0
H
3
(NTA) H
+
+ H
2
(NTA)
-
pK
a1
1.66
H
2
(NTA)
-
H
+
+ H(NTA)
-2
pK
a2
2.95
H(NTA)
-2
H
+
+ (NTA)
-3
pK
a3
10.28
Ca
+2
+ (NTA)
-3
Ca(NTA)
-
pK
f
-8.2
Mn
+2
+ (NTA)
-3
Mn(NTA)
-
pK
f
-8.7
Fe
+2
+ (NTA)
-3
Fe(NTA)
-
pK
f
-9.6
Pb
+2
+ (NTA)
-3
Pb(NTA)
-
pK
f
-11.4
Al
+3
+ (NTA)
-3
Al(NTA) pK
f
-13.4
Fe
+3
+ (NTA)
-3
Fe(NTA) pK
f
-17.9
For the reaction: aA + bB cC + dD,
K = [C]
c
[D]
d
at equilibrium, Q = [C]
c
[D]
d
at any given moment
_______ _______
[A]
a
[B]
b
[A]
a
[B]
b
Henrys Law: [X
(aq)
] = K
H
P
X
[X
(aq)
] = concentration of gas X in water
K
H
= Henrys Law constant at specific T,P,S
P
X
= partial pressure of gas X in solution at equilibrium