Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
) (
)(
b)
(
) (
) (
)(
c)
2. A sample contains 200 mg/L of casein (C
8
H
12
O
3
N
2
). Calculate the theoretical
CBOD, NBOD, and total BOD. If none of the NBOD is exerted in the first five days
and k = 0.25/day, estimate the five-day BOD.
Solucin
a)
(
) (
)(
b) NH3 + 2 O2 NO3 + H+ + H2O
(
) (
)(
)(
c)
d)
) (
3. A wastewater treatment plant discharges 1.0 m
3
/s of effluent having an ultimate
BOD of 40.0 mg/L into a stream flowing at 10.0 m
3
/s. Just upstream from the
discharge point, the stream has an ultimate BOD of 3.0 mg/L. The deoxygenation
constant kd is estimated at 0.22/day.
(a) Assuming complete and instaneous mixing, find the ultimate BOD of the
mixture of waste and river just downstream from the outfall.
(b) Assuming a constant cross-sectional area for the stream equal to 55 m
2
,what
ultimate BOD would you expect to find at a point 10,000 m downstream?
Solucin
a)
)( ) (
)( )
b)
(
) (
)
()( )
4. The wastewater in Problem 3 has DO equal to 4.0 mg/L when it is discharged.
The river has its own DO, just upstream from the outfall, equal to 8.0 mg/L. Find
the initial oxygen deficit of the mixture just downstream from the discharge point.
The temperatures of sewage and river are both 15 C.
)( ) (
)( )
5. Untreated sewage with a BOD of 240 mg/L is sent to a wastewater treatment
plant where 50 percent of the BOD is removed. The river receiving the effluent has
the oxygen sag curve shown in Figure 1 (the river has no other sources of BOD).
Notice that downstream is expressed both in miles and days required to reach a
given spot.
(a) Suppose the treatment plant breaks down and it no longer removes any BOD.
Sketch the new oxygen sag curve a long time after the breakdown. Label the
coordinates of the critical distance downriver.
(b) Sketch the oxygen sag curve as it would have been only four days after the
break-down of the treatment plant.
Determinando los coeficientes de reaccin kr
)
Con la ayuda de un software se obtienen los valores para
DBO con planta operando
()
Treatment
Plant
120 mg/L
240 mg/L
River speed 30 miles /day
Distance (miles)
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240
DO
(mg/L)
FIGURE 1
DBO con interrupcin del proceso.
()
En la siguiente grafica se Puede observar el comportamiento de
6. Suppose the only source of BOD in a river is untreated wastes that are being
discharged from a food processing plant. The resulting oxygen sag curve has a
minimum value of DO, somewhere downstream, equal to 3.0 mg/L (see Figure 2).
Just below the discharge point, the DO of the stream is equal to the saturation
value of 10.0 mg/L.
(a) By what percent should the BOD of the wastes be reduced to assure a healthy
stream with at least 5.0 mg/L of DO everywhere? Would a primary treatment plant
be sufficient to achieve this reduction?
(b) If the stream flows 60 miles per day and it has a reaeration coefficient k, equal
to 0.80/day and a deoxygenation coefficient k
d
of 0.20/day, how far downstream
(miles) would the lowest DO occur?
(c) What ultimate BOD (L
0
mg/L) of the mixture of river and wastes just
downstream from the discharge point would cause the minimum DO to be 5.0
mg/L?.
(d) Sketch the oxygen sag curve before and after treatment recommended in (a),
labeling critical points (DO
min
, location and value).
a)
X
FIGURE 2
El mnimo valor de DO es 3.0 mg/L, lo que significa que se ha usado una demanda
mxima (antes de mezclarse) de:
DO
max
= 10 - 3 =7 mg/L
Condiciones sanas la DO
min
sea igual a 5mg/L. Entonces l %DO removido es:
71 . 0
/ 7
/ 5
max
min
= =
L mg
L ml
DO
DO
Por lo tanto se tiene que reducirla un 29% ms para lograr condiciones sanas.
Una planta de tratamiento primario puede remover hasta el 35% de DBO, por lo tanto si
ser suficiente.
b)
Tiempo de recorrido.
dias
dia
dia
dia dia
Kd
Kr
Kd Kr
t
c
31 . 2
/ 2 . 0
/ 8 . 0
ln
2 . 0 8 . 0
1
ln
1
= |
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
=
Flujo de 60millas por da, el valor mnimo ocurrir a:
Distancia ( ) millas
dia
millas
dias 6 . 139
60
31 . 2 = =
c)
Segn la frmula para calcular la demanda mxima
( )
Krt Kdt
d r
d
e e
K K
DBO K
DO
=
0
Sustituyendo los datos
( )( ) ( )( )
( )
0
3 . 2 8 . 0 3 . 2 2 . 0 0
157 . 0
2 . 0 8 . 0
2 . 0
/ 5 DBO e e
DBO
L mg =
=
L mg
L mg
DBO / 7 . 31
157 . 0
/ 5
0
= =
d)
Modelos matemticos tenemos.
Antes del tratamiento
DBO1 44.648 =
mg
L
DO
DBO1
t ( ) 10
Kd DBO1
Kr Kd
e
Kd t
e
Kr t
( )
:=
Despus del tratamiento
DO
DBO2
t ( ) 10
Kd DBO2
Kr Kd
e
Kd t
e
Kr t
( )
:= DBO2 31.7 =
mg
L
Comportamiento del oxgeno
0 2 4 6 8 10
2
4
6
8
10
DO
DBO1
t ( )
DO
DBO2
t ( )
t t ,
Mnimo se presenta a los 2.2 das con un valor de 2.9mg/L para la corriente sin
tratamiento y una vez que se ha tratado el mnimo DO el mnimo se presenta en 2
das con un valor de 5mg/L.