Renewable energy

Biomass Energy
Biomass is defined as the set of renewable organic material of plant origin, animal or
from natural or artificial transformation .Then Biomass energy is all this energy that can
be obtained from it, through its direct burning or processing for other types of fuel such
as biogas or liquid biofuels.
There are different types or sources of biomass which can be used for energy
-natural: is found in nature without any human intervention
-residual: ncluded in this group are solid products unused agricultural and livestoc!
activities, the processes "de forestry agribusiness and wood processing.
-energy crops: are crops grown in order to produce biomass converted into biofuel
The use of biomass in energy applications are mainly producing gas, heat
energy (heat) and electricity.
#pplications in $hile %nconventional Energy from Biomass
# significant contribution to the use of non-conventional renewable energies constitutes
the e&traction of biogas from landfills. Then it is processed and used, commercially, as
city gas component in 'antiago and (alparaiso. #nother interesting application of
biomass energy is in the generation of electricity in isolated rural locations.
)ind Energy
)ind energy is a renewable energy source, to the transformation of the !inetic energy
contained in wind into usable energy. )ind is produced by temperature differences
between different air masses in the atmosphere, which is heated by the sun. for that,
the wind is considered as an indirect form of solar energy.
Technologies have been developed for the use of this resource as an energy source,
*ero emissions produced during operation and mainly consist turbines that transform
!inetic energy of wind into mechanical energy. This is converted to electrical energy by
a generator
#dvantages of wind energy
)ind is considered as renewable energy. t produces no harmful emissions to the
atmosphere, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect and climate change.
)ind energy is compatible with other land uses, such as agriculture and livestoc!. The
facilities are easily reversible.
disadvantages
The impact generated by the installation and operation of wind turbines and a greater
level wind farms, are related to the emission of noise and visual impact possible. n
environmental impact studies must also ta!e into consideration the potential impact on
birds.
+ro,ects in operation in $hile
'istema El-ctrico de #ys-n. .a central e/lica 0#lto Baguales1
'istema nterconectado $entral 2'$3, ubicado en la localidad de $anela, en la Regi/n
de $oquimbo
4eothermal energy
4eothermal energy corresponds to the heat energy contained in the interior of the
earth, which is transmitted by thermal conduction to the surface, which is a partially
renewable resource and high availability. The set of techniques used for e&ploration,
evaluation and e&ploitation of the internal energy of the earth is called geothermal
energy. There are two basic types of thermal areas: hydrothermal containing water at
high pressure and temperature stored under the earth5s crust at a permeable roc! near
a heat source, and hot roc! systems, formed by layers of impermeable roc! overlie an
heat source. To ta!e the latter is perforated to achieve, cold water is in,ected and it is
used once heated.
The essential elements that determine the formation of geothermal energy are:
E&istence of a heat source not very deep and close to the reservoir. This heat source
can be produced by volcanic activity or by the interaction between two tectonic plates.
+resence of permeable formations containing the reservoir.
+resence of geological structures on the site, which acts as a layer 6 in seal,
waterproof, heat favoring conservation and reservoir pressure.
E&istence of a water catchment area of the reservoir, which determines the
characteristic renewable geothermal resource.
The medicinal uses and tourism is the oldest form of harnessing this energy. #lso,
depending on its enthalpy, has applications in: home heating, agricultural, farming,
industrial and power generation.
This type of energy is not produced in $hile but for being located on the 7+acific Ring
of 8ire7, an area of high geological activity has a potential to generate.