-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 20 -à-v°œ-™¸ 2008
Snehit: This is one of the books published
éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ ´’†ç past participle Ö°æ-
recently on the subject of child labour.
ßÁ÷í∫ç English conversation ™ áçûª áèπ◊\´í¬
(¶«©-é¬-Jtéπ ´u´Ææn O’ü¿ Ñ´’üµ¿u v°æ-Jç-*† Öçô’çüÓ îª÷¨»ç-éπü∆? Past participle èπ◊ •úÕ†/ •úÕ-
°æ¤Ææh-鬙x ÉüÌ-éπöÀ.) †-ô’-´çöÀ ÅØË Å®√n©’ èπÿú≈ ´≤ƒh-ߪ’E ûÁ©’Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.
Samhit: Why are you showing it to me? É°æ¤púø’ ´’J-éÌEo N´-®√©’ îª÷ü∆lç.
(Ø√Èéç-ü¿’èπ◊ îª÷°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?) Look at the following sentences from the dia-
Snehit: My uncle has written it; those who have
read it say it is very good.
(ÉC ®√ÆœçC ´÷ ¶«¶«ß˝’. ü∆EE îªC-N-†-¢√-
∞¡xç-ü¿®Ω÷ ÅC î√™« ¶«í∫’ç-ü¿-Ø√o®Ω’.)
Samhit: That's a topic debated quite often
nowadays. In spite of the ban on it,
child labour continues unchecked.
(Ñ ®ÓV™x ûª®Ωîª÷ Åçü¿®Ω÷ îªJa-Ææ’h†o
N≠æߪ’ç ÅC. ¶«©-é¬-Jtéπ ´u´Ææn†’ EÊ≠-Cµç-*-
†-°æp-öÀéÃ, Åü¿’-°æ¤-™‰-èπ◊çú≈ ≤ƒT-§Ú-ûª÷ØË ÖçC.)
Snehit: This is perhaps one of the laws made
only to be broken.
(Ö©xç-°∂œ’ç-îËç-ü¿’Íé îËÆœ† îªö«d™x ÉüÌ-éπ-õ‰¢Á÷.)
Samhit: (It's) not so simple as it looks. Perhaps
it will take some more time.
(éπE-°œç-îËçûª Ææ’©-¶µº-¢Á’i† Ææ´’ÊÆuç é¬ü¿C.
ÉçéÌçîÁç 鬩ç
.. laws made only to be br oken
°æúø’-ûª’çC, °æ‹Jhí¬
Å´’-©-ßË’uç-ü¿’èπ◊.)
Snehit: How about giv-
ing the book a
look?
(Ç °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo ã≤ƒ-Í®-´’Ø√o îªü¿’-´¤-û√¢√?)
Samhit: Oh sure. I was about to ask you myself.
(ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈. ÅÆæ©’ ØËØË E†’o Åúø-í∫-¶-
ûª’Ø√o.)
Snehit: It's not as interesting as a novel certain-
ly, but it does give us a lot of informa-
tion. Reading it certainly adds to our
general knowledge.
(†´-™«xí¬ ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ™‰ü¿’-é¬F ´’†èπ◊ î√™«
N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çD °æ¤Ææhéπç. ´’† gen-
eral knowledge °ç-ûª’çC.)
Samhit: Your comparing it with a novel is mean-
ingless. If it were a novel about child
labour, the comparison would be right.
(†’´¤y ü∆Eo novel ûÓ §Ú©aúøç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.
ÅC ¶«©-v¨¡´’ Çüµ∆-®Ωçí¬ ®√Æœ† novel
Å®·ûË, Å™« §Ú©aúøç correct Å´¤-ûª’çC)
Snehit: My uncle is good at making things inter-
esting. Holding reader's attention on a
matter like this one isn't possible for
everyone.
(N≠æ-ߪ÷Lo ÇÆæéÀh éπL-Tç-îËô’x îËߪ’úøç ´÷ 2) This
¶«¶«-®·éÀ ¶«í¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’. É™«çöÀ Å稡ç-O’ü¿ îªJaç-îisª-•-úaø’-ûtopic
§ƒ®∏Ω-èπ◊© ÇÆæéÀhE EL°œ Öçîªúøç Åçü¿-Jéà îªJa-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’).
≤ƒüµ¿uç-é¬ü¿’.)
a) The question raised often is whether
Samhit: How about lending it to me for a couple
of days?
(Ø√éÓ È®çúø’®Ó-V©- §- ƒô’ Ç °æ¤Æhéæ çπ É´y-í©-∫ ¢√?)
Snehit: Oh, sure. Have it.
b) The book selected for the prize = •£æ›-´’-AéÀ
Samhit: Thank you.
Snehit: Welcome
Q. Whose
' E†o á´J ØÁéπxÆˇ §Ú®·çC—— ņ-ú≈-EéÀ
necklace was lost/ was missing yesterday?
was missing past contin-
ÅØ√o®Ω’. Ééπ\úø Åçõ‰
uous
Å´¤-ûª’çC éπü∆! DEE ᙫ ¢√ú≈®Ó N´-Jç-
îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
- Ashok, Hyderabad
A. Where necklace was missing- Ééπ\úø miss-
ing, was missing ™ ¶µ«í∫çí¬ past continu-
ous é¬ü¿’. Missing Ééπ\úø, The, book is inter-
esting ™ interesting ™«í¬ adjective. 'When
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
logue above:
1) This is one of the books published recently
2) That's a topic debated quite often
3) ... it remains unchecked
4) This is one of the laws made only to be
broken
1) One of the books published on the topic=
(Published- past
Ñ Å稡ç-O’ü¿ v°æ-Jç-îª-•-úÕ†
participle) °æ¤Ææh-鬙x äéπöÀ. ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– Ñ
Å稡ç-O’ü¿ v°æ-J-ûª-¢Á’i† °æ¤Ææh-鬙x ÉüÌ-éπöÀ. (í∫´’-Eéπ:
English ™ î√™« verbs èπ◊ past tense, past
participle äÍ陫 Öçö«®·. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ ÅC
past tense
Å´¤-
ûª’çü∆, PP Å´¤-ûª’çü∆
ÅE ÆæçüË£æ«ç éπ©’-í∫’-
ûª’çC. Ñ ÆæçüË£æ«ç
Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’. É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx
past tense ®√ü¿’.
Past tense ´ÊÆh subject Ç °æE îËÆœ-
†ô’x ÅE Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Eg: The
book published last week. Ééπ\úø
published, past tense í¬ BÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰,
Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç v°æ-Jç-*çC ÅE Å®Ωnç
´Ææ’hçC. °æ¤Ææhéπç v°æ-Jç-°æ-•-úø’-ûª’ç-üË-
í¬F, v°æ-Jç-îªü¿’ éπü∆. 鬕öÀd v°æ-Jç-
îª-•úø’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´ÊÆh ÅC past par-
ticiple ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Å´¤-ûª’çC. ÉçéÓ example
îª÷úøçúÕ.
a) The man killed was about fifty years old
b) The man killed the snake.
(a)
™ killed, past tense í¬ BÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ Ç ´’E≠œ
îªç§ƒúø’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. á´-JE? DEéÀ Ñ
sentence ™ ï¢√•’ ™‰ü¿’. 鬕öÀd Éçü¿’™
killed, past participle Å´¤-ûª’çC, Ç îªç°æ-•úøf
´’E≠œ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ 50 à∞¡x-¢√úø’. ´’†ç ´÷´‚-©’í¬
Åçö«ç– Ç îªE-§Ú-®·† ´’E≠œ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ 50à∞¡x-¢√úø’.
É™« ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L, past tense èπÿ, past par-
ticiple èπÿ difference.
debated quite often: ûª®Ω-í¬
ª ’ †o Å稡 ç ÉC (ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ D†oç-ü¿®Ω÷
Chiranjeevi will enter politics or not – Éçü¿’™
raised - PP of raise = ûª®Ωîª÷ ¢Ëߪ’-•úË (î√™«-
´’çC ™‰´-ØÁûËh) v°æ¨Ïo *®Ωç-@N ... ÅE.
áç-éÓ-•úøf °æ¤Ææhéπç (•£æ›-´’-AéÀ áç°œ-Èéj†
°æ¤Ææhéπç).
she came back, the necklace was missing' -
Ééπ\úøwas missing past continuous-
ÅØËC
necklace éπE°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.
I knew I was missing the movie - Movie
éÓ™p-ûª’-Ø√o-†E/ §ÚíÌô’dèπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o-†E ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ,
was missing past continuous. È®çúø’ v°æßÁ÷-
í¬©’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd correct Å®·-†-°æ¤púø’, ÅC à
tense, à part of speech ÅØË îª®Ωa ņ-´-Ææ®Ωç
éπü∆?
.
Q. 1. 'i' in 'Na ive' is always written or printed
. .
like i (double dot over i) why?
2. Are energy forms like electricity, magnet-
ism, heat, light.. material nouns or
abstract nouns? Explain why?
2
3) It remains unchecked- unchecked (PP)
Newspaper Head lines ™ past participle
(Åü¿’°æ¤ îËߪ’-•-úø-èπ◊çú≈) ÅC Åü¿’°æ¤ îËߪ’-•-úø-èπ◊çú≈ ¢√úøéπç î√™« ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùç. Ñ éÀçC Newspaper
ÖçöçC (ü∆EéÀ Åü¿’°æ¤ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ §ÚûÓçC– head lines study îËߪ’çúÕ– past participle use
´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’). ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊.
a) It remained closed for several days =
a) BJP leaders Arrested on their protest
î√™«-®Ó-V-©-§ƒ-ôC ´‚ߪ’-•úË ÖçC. (´÷´‚©’ March=
ûÁ©’í∫’– î√™« ®ÓV-©-§ƒ-ôC ´‚ÊÆ ÖçC.) E®Ω-Ææ† ßª÷vûª™  Arrest îËߪ’-•úøf BJP
b) Several children vaccinated developed
Ø√ߪ’èπ◊©’.
reactions= b) Two Maoists shot dead in encounter =
öÃé¬-L-´y-•úøf (vacci- áü¿’-®Ω’-é¬-©’p™x é¬La-îªç-°æ-•úøf ´÷N-Æˇd©’.
nated- PP) î√™«-
(ûÁ©’í∫’ °ævAéπ Headline- áü¿’-®Ω’-é¬-©’p™x Éü¿l®Ω’
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 448
´’çC °œ©x©èπ◊ ÅC- ´÷NÆæd x é¬La-¢Ëûª)
c) Govt. Appeal Turned
°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’.
Down in Supreme
court=
Ææ’v°‘ç-éÓ®Ω’d™ ûÓÆœ°æ¤-îªa-•úøf
v°æ¶µº’ûªy Å°‘p©’.
(ûÁ©’í∫’ °ævA-éπ™: v°æ¶µº’ûªy
Å°‘p©’†’ ûÓÆœ°æ¤-*a†
(´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– öÃ鬩’ ¢ËÆœ† Ææ’v°‘ç-éÓ®Ω’d/ Ææ’v°‘çéÓ®Ω’d ûÓÆœ-°æ¤-*a† v°æ¶µº’ûªy Å°‘p©’)
î√™« °œ©x-©-éπ-C-°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’) d) Three Held in a Murder Case=
4) This is one of the laws made. £æ«ûªu-Íé-Ææ’™ ÅÈ®Ææ’d îËߪ’-•-úÕ† ´·í∫’_®Ω’.
(made- PP) = îËߪ’-•úøf î√™« îªö«d™x (held= arrested. ûÁ©’í∫’ Headline: £æ«ûªu-
ÉüÌ-éπöÀ. (îËÆœ† îªö«d™x ÉüÌ-éπöÀ). Íé-Ææ’™ ´·í∫’_J ÅÈ®Æˇd)
Past participle èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç e) Halltickets Not Received =
halltickets.
îª÷ü∆lç.
M.SURESAN Åçü¿E
a) The book torn was mine - *ç°æ-•úøf
f) One Killed and Six Injured In Road
Accident=
(*J-T-§Ú-®·†) °æ¤Ææhéπç Ø√C.
b) His torn book shows his carelessness.
(îªç°æ-•úøf äéπ®Ω’, í¬ßª’-°æ-®Ω-îª-•úøf Ç®Ω’-í∫’®Ω’)
Sentence (a) PP, torn book
™ (b)
ûª®√yûª;
´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– ®Óúø’f v°æ´÷-ü¿ç™ äéπJ
torn (PP) book
™ ´·çü¿’ ´≤ÚhçC éπü∆.
´’®Ωùç, Ç®Ω’-í∫’-JéÀ í¬ßª÷©’.
È®çúø’sentences ™†÷ Å®Ωnç ´÷´‚©’
ûÁ©’-í∫’™– *J-T† °æ¤Ææhéπç ÅE. Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ. EXERCISE
The candidates selected will soon get Write News headlines in English for the
orders= The selected candidates= following, using past participles.
áç°œ-éπ-
orders
îË-ߪ’-•úøf (áç°œ-éπ-®·†) Ŷµºu®Ω’n©’ a) ´·í∫’_®Ω’ õ„v®Ω-JÆæ’d© E®Ωsçüµ¿ç
§Òçü¿’-û√®Ω’. (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– áç°œ-éπ-®·† (E®Ωsç-Cµç-îªúøç= detain)
Ŷµºu®Ω’n©èπ◊ orders ûªy®Ω™ ´≤ƒh®·) Å®·ûË PP b) Ê°ü¿-©èπ◊ °æö«d© °æç°œùÀ
´·çü¿’ ¢Á†-éπ-™„j-†-°æ¤púø’ ÅEo-îÓö«x äÍé Å®Ωnç ®√†-éπ\- (°æçîªúøç= Distribute)
c) ü¿’¶«ß˝’™ ´·í∫’_®Ω’ ¶µ«®Ω-Bߪ’ é¬Jt-èπ◊© ´’®Ωùç
®Ω-™‰ü¿’. Å°æ¤púø’ Ææçü¿®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L.
a) His shirt, torn in the fight, is new= (PP of Kill ¢√úøçúÕ)
Ç §Úö«xô™ *ç°æ-•úøf ÅûªúÕ shirt (§Úö«x-ô™ d) Ø˧ƒ™¸™ áEo-éπ© E®Ωy-£æ«ù
*J-T† ÅûªúÕ shirt éÌûªhC) (hold= E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îªúøç).
b) His torn shirt showed his poverty= ANSWERS
a) Three terrorists detained
ÅûªúÕ *J-T†/ *ç°æ-•úøf shirt ÅûªúÕ Ê°ü¿-J-é¬Eo
b) Pattas distributed to the poor
îª÷°œç-*çC.
O’®Ω’ îªC-¢Ë-ô-°æ¤púø’, Ñ past participle Ö°æ- c) Three Indian labourers killed in Dubai
d) Elections held in Nepal
ßÁ÷-í¬Eo ñ«ví∫ûªhí¬ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
3. I am married. Is it the passive form as I am 3) In 'I am married', married is an adjective,
married (by someone) or married is used as like interested in 'I am interested'. We know
an adjective? How can we know? it is not the passive form because in the
4. Are Americans following Britain English or passive form we use the object, I am mar-
following their own. I have asked this ried to him/ her. In this sentence, am mar-
because in some grammar books written by
ried is passive. In the sentence, I am mar-
Norma Lewi, who is native Author of ried- married is an adjective.
America. I found 'meter' instead of 'metre'
4) Americans follow American English and not
and so many.
British English. The official spelling book in
- Ch. Govardhan, Pidathapolur
A. 1) The i in Na.ive is always printed with dou- the US is Webster's Dictionary (Webster
was an American and he was solely
ble dots to indicate that both the vowels
responsible for American spelling.) In other
'a' and 'i' are pronounced, as na-Ive and
not as neive. aspects like pronunciation and usage too,
only American English is accepted in the
2) All these nouns are abstract nouns. But when
US.
light means a lamp it is a common noun.