HYDRAULICS ENGINEERING LABORATORY

MANUAL

M. AHMED KHAN
SESSION 2011
CIVIL-24
SEPTEMBER 29, 2014


M. Ahmed Khan
2011-CIV-24

JOB NO. 1
TO FIND THE MANNINGS COEFFICIENT AND
CHEEZYS COEFFICIENT FOR FLOW IN CHANNEL
Objective:
To determine the values of Cheezys and Mannings Coefficients so that they
can be applied to the actual case for flow in channels.
Related Theory:

Uniform Flow:
It is the type of flow in which the flow parameters like velocity, discharge,
depth etc. remain same from one section to the other section or for particular length
of flow.
Non Uniform Flow:
It is the type of flow in which the flow parameters like velocity, discharge,
depth etc. do not remain same from one section to the other section or for particular
length of flow.
Steady Flow:
It is the type of flow in which the flow parameters like velocity, discharge,
depth etc. remain same or constant with respect to time at a particular section.
Unsteady Flow:
It is the type of flow in which the flow parameters like velocity, discharge,
depth etc. do not remain same or constant with respect to time at a particular
section.
Cheezys Equation:
In fluid dynamics, the Chzy formula describes the mean flow velocity of
steady, turbulent open channel flow.


M. Ahmed Khan
2011-CIV-24

Cheezys equation can be written as follows:

V
Where;
V= Velocity of Flow
R= Hydraulic Radius = (Area of flow/ Wetted Perimeter)
S= Slope of the Channel bed
In general the Chezzys coefficient - c - is a function of the flow Reynolds
Number - Re - and the relative roughness - /R - of the channel. The relative
roughness further depends upon many factors like weed growth in the channel bed,
sedimentation in the channel bed etc.
Mannings Equation:
One the most commonly used equations governing Open Channel Flow is
known as the Manningss Equation. It was introduced by the Irish Engineer Robert
Manning in 1889 as an alternative to the Chezy Equation. The Mannings equation
is an empirical equation that applies to uniform flow in open channels and is a
function of the channel velocity, flow area and channel slope.


Where:
Q = Flow Rate, (ft
3
/s)
v = Velocity, (ft/s)
A = Flow Area, (ft
2
)


M. Ahmed Khan
2011-CIV-24

n = Mannings Roughness Coefficient
R = Hydraulic Radius, (ft)
S = Channel Slope, (ft/ft)

Under the assumption of uniform flow conditions the bottom slope is the
same as the slope of the energy grade line and the water surface slope. The
Mannings n is a coefficient which represents the roughness or friction applied to
the flow by the channel. Mannings n-values are often selected from tables, but
can be back calculated from field measurements. In many flow conditions the
selection of a Mannings roughness coefficient can greatly affect computational
results.
Relation between Mannings coefficient and Chezzys
coefficient:
The relationship between the two coefficients can be given by the following
equation:
C= k [R
(0.125)
/n]
Where;
C= Cheezys coefficient
N= Mannings coefficient
Apparatus:
S6 glass sided tilting fume. (we can vary the slope from 0 to 1 in 40)


M. Ahmed Khan
2011-CIV-24

Point gauge to measure depth of flow in channel


Procedure:
First of all set the slope of the channel to 1/500.T
hen allow the water to flow through the channel. By checking the
pressure gauges and using the tables provided by the manufacturer,
one can find the value of discharge.
Now measure the depth of flow at 2 meters interval.
Perform the same procedure thrice by varying the value of discharge
and perform the further calculations.
Comments:
Slopes i.e. S and S
o
were found to be different. This is because the slope of
the channel bed was set by us. However the slope of the energy line depends upon
the uniformity of flow. For uniform flow the slope of energy line is equal to the
slope of channel bed however in our case both differ and hence one can say that
the flow may not have been uniform altogether.