Technology of Concrete

Report I
1. COPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF THE CONRETE
Compressive strength is the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending
to reduce side. Usually it is measured by plotting applied force against deformation in a
testing machine. Compressive strength test results are primarily used to
determine that the concrete mixture as delivered meets the requirements of the specified
strength, c.
!o conduct the test of the compressive strength of a material, the specimens should be
prepared. In our case, the samples are made of mortar. !o get the correct measurements,
the mortar should be prepared it the precise way. "irstly, we should weight the ingredients
precisely on the balance. !he proportion by mass should be one part of the cement, three
parts of C#$ %tandard sand and one half part of water &drin'ing water may be used(. $ext
step is to put the water and the cement into the bowl. )e should start mixing proceedure
at the low speed immediately after the water and cement are combained together. !he
time the ingredient are brought in the contact is a *+ero time, and should be recorded. -fter
./ seconds of mixing, we should add the sand steadily during next ./ seconds. -fter that
time, it is necessary to switch the mixer to the high speed and continue mixing for ./
seconds more. !hen we should switch of the mixer for 0/ seconds and during first ./
seconds remove the mortar from the wall and bottom part of the bowl putting it in the
middle of it. $ext 1/ seconds of mixing at the high speed is indispensable. 2aving a mortar
prepared, we should prepare immediately the specimens of the dimensions 3/mm x 3/mm
x 41/mm using a special moulds. !here should be three samples to run a test for the
compressive strength. )hen the mortar is put into those moulds, it is necessary to cover
them with a plate of glass and to put them on a hori+ontal base in the moist air cabinet.
!hen, after 53 hours, they should be demoulded. !he specimens must be curing in water
&about 5/ C degree( in the container for about 56 days. !hey should be ta'en apart from
each other so the water has the acces to all of the six faces of the samples.
2.TEST OF THE CEMENT BONDING USING THE VICANT APPARATUS
"irst of all, we have to mix cement powder with right amount of water.
)hen the cement paste is ready, we have to put it into a special ring which is situated on a
piece of glass and lay it on a base of 7icat apparatus.
7icat apparatus has a needle which diamtere is 4mm. It is necessary to bring down the
needle free into a cement paste and repeat it in the same time period, not longer than 4/
minutes. -fter every use of the needle we have to clean it up.
!he whole mixture and the apparatus should be 'eep in specific temperature about 5/8C.
!he beginning of the cement bond is in the moment when the needle is on the hight of
1mm from the bottom.
!he end of cement bonding is usually after three hours after preparing the paste, and it is
when the needle is on the depth not more than /,9mm from the top.
Architecture Engineering Paulina
Dobroszek, Alicja Joachimiak
SEM , !r" # $arolina
Dr%&'&
Technology of Concrete

3.TEST OF SOUNDNESS OF CEMENT
!o determine the soundness of cement use the method of :e;Chandelier as per I%< 3/.4
&=art .( > 40??. =ermissible vararion of balance is a load of 4///g should be @4./g and
)ater bath.
=rocedure to determine soundness of cement
!he mould place on a glass sheet and body out the cement paste. !he water should
required to give a paste of standard consistency forming by gauging cement.
Aould caver another piece of glass and put a little load that. Immersed the mould in the
water with special tempeture . -fter 53 hours pull out and measure the distance beetwen
indicastor points to the nearest /.9 mm.
-gain put into the water which was featured before and bring the mould to the water
wchich should achived the poiling point after 59 to ./ minutes and boild it for . hours.
Removed the mould from boild water, it should await for cool down. Aeasure again
distance between the indicators points.
Bifference between first and second measurment gives expansion of cement
Architecture Engineering Paulina
Dobroszek, Alicja Joachimiak
SEM , !r" # $arolina
Dr%&'&