FACULTY OF

MEDICINE
BASIC BASIC
ENGLISH ENGLISH
Professor:
Fernando Falla Olavarra
Topic:
Present Progressive.
What part of the body is it?
Is the frontal bone under the skull?
Is the mandible at the bottom of the
head?
The skull
Is the mandible at the bottom of the
head?
Where is the nasal bone?
Basic vocabulary.
Head : cabeza skull : crneo
neck : cuello brain : cerebro
blood vessels : vasos sanguneos.
muscle : msculo bones: huesos
ossicle : huesecillo
malleus : hammer bone (martillo)
incus : anvil bone (yunque)
stapes : stirrup bone (estribo)
fused : unido
attachment points: puntos de fijacin
throat : garganta
hyoid bone /ha.d/ : hueso hioides
joint: articulacin
anchor / kr / : sostener, fijar.
Basic vocabulary.
Head : cabeza skull : crneo
neck : cuello brain : cerebro
blood vessels : vasos sanguneos.
muscle : msculo bones: huesos
ossicle : huesecillo
malleus : hammer bone (martillo)
incus : anvil bone (yunque)
stapes : stirrup bone (estribo)
fused : unido
attachment points: puntos de fijacin
throat : garganta
hyoid bone /ha.d/ : hueso hioides
joint: articulacin
anchor / kr / : sostener, fijar.
BONES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
The bones of the head and neck play the vital role of supporting
the brain, sensory organs, nerves, and blood vessels of the head
and protecting these structures from mechanical damage.
Movements of these bones by the attached muscles of the head
help us to produce facial expressions, eat, speech, and move our
head. The skull consists of 22 cranial and facial bones, which,
with the exception of the mandible, are tightly fused together.
The skull encases and protects the brain as well as the special
sense organs of vision, hearing, balance, taste and smell....
Attachment points for the muscles of the head and neck are
located on the exterior surfaces of the skull and allow us to
perform important movements like chewing, speech, and facial
expressions.
Teeth are rooted into deep sockets in the mandible and maxillary
bones. The upper portions of the digestive and respiratory tracts
are also housed within the hollow oral and nasal cavities of the
skull. Another important bone of the head and neck is the hyoid
bone.
The bones of the head and neck play the vital role of supporting
the brain, sensory organs, nerves, and blood vessels of the head
and protecting these structures from mechanical damage.
Movements of these bones by the attached muscles of the head
help us to produce facial expressions, eat, speech, and move our
head. The skull consists of 22 cranial and facial bones, which,
with the exception of the mandible, are tightly fused together.
The skull encases and protects the brain as well as the special
sense organs of vision, hearing, balance, taste and smell....
Attachment points for the muscles of the head and neck are
located on the exterior surfaces of the skull and allow us to
perform important movements like chewing, speech, and facial
expressions.
Teeth are rooted into deep sockets in the mandible and maxillary
bones. The upper portions of the digestive and respiratory tracts
are also housed within the hollow oral and nasal cavities of the
skull. Another important bone of the head and neck is the hyoid
bone.
The hyoid is closely associated with the skull but is a floating bone
that does not form a joint with any other bone. It anchors muscles of
the tongue and throat and holds open the larynx of the respiratory
tract.
The auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes) of each ear are also
bones in the head separate from the skull. They form a bridge
connecting the eardrum to the inner ear and function to transmit
vibrations between these parts.
The 7 cervical vertebrae form the bones of the neck that support the
skull and organs of the head. The first cervical vertebra (atlas)
supports and balances the head. The second vertebra (axis) allows
the head to rotate laterally to the left and the right. Hollow spaces
within the cervical vertebrae protect and conduct the spinal cord and
vertebral arteries through the neck. Muscle attachment sites on the
cervical vertebrae provide movement and posture to the head and
neck.
The hyoid is closely associated with the skull but is a floating bone
that does not form a joint with any other bone. It anchors muscles of
the tongue and throat and holds open the larynx of the respiratory
tract.
The auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes) of each ear are also
bones in the head separate from the skull. They form a bridge
connecting the eardrum to the inner ear and function to transmit
vibrations between these parts.
The 7 cervical vertebrae form the bones of the neck that support the
skull and organs of the head. The first cervical vertebra (atlas)
supports and balances the head. The second vertebra (axis) allows
the head to rotate laterally to the left and the right. Hollow spaces
within the cervical vertebrae protect and conduct the spinal cord and
vertebral arteries through the neck. Muscle attachment sites on the
cervical vertebrae provide movement and posture to the head and
neck.
Comprehension questions.
1. How many cranial bones are there in the skull?
..
2. What is the function of the skull?
..
3. Where are the teeth located ?
..
4. What is the function of the hyoid bone?
..
5. What is the function of atlas and axis ?
..
Comprehension questions.
1. How many cranial bones are there in the skull?
..
2. What is the function of the skull?
..
3. Where are the teeth located ?
..
4. What is the function of the hyoid bone?
..
5. What is the function of atlas and axis ?
..
Lets check - Present Progressive
1. Is the doctor operating his patient?
No, he isnt. He is explaining the
medical procedure to his patient.
2. What is Cristina doing? 2. What is Cristina doing?
She is looking at the chart
Cristina
Present Progressive
Continuous
1
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
am
are
is
Performing
a major operation
minor
not
Meaning :
The doctor is examining his patient now, at the time
of speaking / around the present. The action is in
PROGRESS.
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
are
a major operation
minor
Is the boy crying
or singing ?
Classify the verbs according to the model.
Changes on the
verbs
Make -> making Try -> trying run -> running
stop study swim sit have swallow p ermit
breathe begin prescribe drop prefer cut taste
plan bleed vomit relax stop bandage write
get stitch faint sneeze stay infect inject
suffer from rehabilitate sweat transplant
What are you doing?
my patients blood pressure at
the moment.
the blood pressure right now.
the blood pressure gauge now.
I am a doctor
USE
TAKE
MEASURE
Match the colums and write three sentences in
present progressive.
my patients blood pressure at
the moment.
the blood pressure right now.
the blood pressure gauge now.
USE
TAKE
MEASURE
.
.
.
.
.
Look at the picture and check the prompts
(x) / GIVE a shot / of adrenaline. -> antibiotics.
(x) / VACCINATE /a girl against flu. -> polio
(x) / IS INJECTING serum -> anesthetic.
Yes / no ?
Exercises
Complete the sentences by choosing the suitable verbs from the box
in the present continuous.
1. The phone . Can you get it, please?
2. Im afraid she ..with the doctor at the moment.
3. My hands ..worse and worse lately.
4. Mrs Jones ..much better today.
5. You.your medication every day, arent you?
6. The pain worse.
7. My husbandwell with my illness.
8. Im very worried about her. She at the moment.
9. You..as well at the moment. Is that correct?
10. This stethoscope ... Can you fix it for me, please?
take
(not) work
ring
(not) sleep
speak
feel
(not) eat
hurt
get
Complete the sentences by choosing the suitable verbs from the box
in the present continuous.
1. The phone . Can you get it, please?
2. Im afraid she ..with the doctor at the moment.
3. My hands ..worse and worse lately.
4. Mrs Jones ..much better today.
5. You.your medication every day, arent you?
6. The pain worse.
7. My husbandwell with my illness.
8. Im very worried about her. She at the moment.
9. You..as well at the moment. Is that correct?
10. This stethoscope ... Can you fix it for me, please?
take
(not) work
ring
(not) sleep
speak
feel
(not) eat
hurt
get
Cope: arreglrselas
Look at the picture and write three sentences:
(+), (-), ?
Example:
(+) The doctor is examing a girl.
(-) The patient isnt talking to the doctor.
(?) Are they walking?
(+) ..
(-) ..
(?) ?
Look at the picture and write three sentences:
(+), (-), ?
Example:
(+) ..
(-) ..
(?) ?
(+) ..
(-) ..
(?) ?
Extra words: magnetic resonance imaging
Look at the picture and write three sentences:
(+), (-), ?
Example:
(+) ..
(-) ..
(?) ?
(+) ..
(-) ..
(?) ?
Extra words: pulse
About you
What are you doing at the moment?
Are you making good progress with your
English?
Are you working harder than usual these
days?
What are you doing at the moment?
Are you making good progress with your
English?
Are you working harder than usual these
days?
Put the expressions in the correct order, add is /
are / am where is necessary.
(Present Progressive form)
1. on my skin / some cream / my dermatologist / apply / now.
2. oncologist / sound with the stethoscope / the / new.
3. at the moment / not / the / old / calm down / woman.
4. give you / the / right now/ an / nurse / injection / ?
5. injure person / stitch / surgeons / the / an /.
6. for a week / we / bed / not / stay / in.
7. regularly / I /exercise / ?
8. more and more people / Ebola / infect / Africa / in.
9. ? / day after day / your / improve / patients.
10. Look ! burn / house / the.
1. on my skin / some cream / my dermatologist / apply / now.
2. oncologist / sound with the stethoscope / the / new.
3. at the moment / not / the / old / calm down / woman.
4. give you / the / right now/ an / nurse / injection / ?
5. injure person / stitch / surgeons / the / an /.
6. for a week / we / bed / not / stay / in.
7. regularly / I /exercise / ?
8. more and more people / Ebola / infect / Africa / in.
9. ? / day after day / your / improve / patients.
10. Look ! burn / house / the.
Notice the difference
between Present SIMPLE / Present PROGRESSIVE
The doctor examines people.
routine At the moment, right now
The is examining a boy.
The naturopath doesnt
prescribe medicine.
The naturopath isnt
prescribing medicine.
Does patients cough regularly?
Is the patient coughing now?
HOMEWORK
Translate the reading Bones of the head and
neck into Spanish.
Solve the practice.
Thank you. Thank you.