1

Qu es un Verbo Preposicional? Qu un Verbo Frasal?

En ingls existen verbos especiales compuestos por dos partes: los verbos preposicionales y los
verbos frasales los cuales refuerzan o alteran el significado del verbo bsico. Un verbo
preposicional es una forma idiomtica que consiste en un verbo seguido de una preposicin. Un
verbo frasal es una forma idiomtica que consiste en un verbo seguido de un adverbio (tambin
denominado partcula adverbial, o simplemente partcula. !esumiendo...
VERBO BASICO: to loo" (mirar) # VERBO PREPOSICIONA: to loo" for (buscar)
VERBO BASICO: to loo" (mirar) # VERBO FRASA: to loo" do$n (despreciar)
Qu es una Preposici!n? Qu es una Par"#cula A$verbial?
Una preposici!n une o enlaza sustantivos o pronombres a otras palabras de una oraci%n. &a
palabra o frase que introduce la preposici%n es el ob'eto de la preposici%n. Una par"#cula a$verbial
forma parte del verbo y depende de l modificando o alterando su significado como verbo bsico.
(anto en los verbos preposicionales como en los verbos frasales, la preposici%n o part)cula
adverbial prolonga el significado del verbo bsico para crear un nuevo significado. *nalicemos la
diferencia:
PREPOSICIONA: !oberto lived do$n +adison *venue. (Roberto vivi en la parte
sur de la Avenida Madison). En este e'emplo, $o%n es una preposici!n (!oberto
lived a$ay from central +adison *venue (Roberto vivi lejos de la parte central de
la Avenida Madison)
A&VERBIA: !oberto lived do$n t,e situation. (Roberto consigui olvidar la
situacin). En este e'emplo, $o%n es una par"#cula a$verbial que forma parte del
verbo y depende de l creando un nuevo significado (!oberto lived so as to annul
,is previous be,avior (Roberto vivi haciendo caso omiso o tratando de olvidar la
situacin)
En las oraciones afirmativas y negativas, los verbos preposicionales llevan la preposici%n despus
del ob'eto mientras que en las oraciones interrogativas o preguntas la preposici%n se coloca al final.
-bserva...
ORACION AFIR'A(IVA: ./m loo"ing for +art,a (Estoy buscando a Marta)
ORACION NE)A(IVA: ./m not loo"ing for 0eter (No estoy buscando a edro)
ORACION IN(ERRO)A(IVA: 1,o are you loo"ing for2 (!A "ui#n est$s buscando%)
0or su parte, los verbos frasales tienen diferentes caracter)sticas que analizaremos aqu) aba'o.
3 +uy a menudo un verbo frasal tiene un significado similar a un verbo bsico. En ese caso, para
expresarnos informalmente es preferible utilizar el verbo frasal. -bserva...
VERBO BASICO: to compensate (compensar) & VERBO FRASA: to ma"e up
FOR'A'EN(E: 4e tried to compensate for t,e damage. ('rat de compensar el da(o.)
INFOR'A'EN(E: 4e tried to ma"e up for t,e damage. ('rat de compensar el da(o.)
2
5 Un verbo frasal puede ser "ransi"ivo or in"ransi"ivo. * un verbo "ransi"ivo le puede seguir un
ob'eto, pero a un verbo in"ransi"ivo no le puede seguir un ob'eto.
VERBO (RANSI(IVO: to ma"e up (inventar) # 6,e made up t,e gossip.
(OB*EC(: t,e gossip (Ella invent el chisme & )*+E'), el chisme)
VERBO IN(RANSI(IVO: to turn up (aparecer) # (,ey turned up very late.
(OB*EC(: no ob'ect (Ellos aparecieron muy tarde & no hay objeto)
7 Un verbo frasal transitivo puede ser separable o inseparable. &os frasales separables llevan
el ob'eto entre el verbo y la preposici%n. &os frasales inseparables llevan el ob'eto despus de la
preposici%n. *lgunos frasales separables pueden llevar una preposici%n en ambas posiciones.
FRASA SEPARABE: to ta"e off ("uitarse)
# 4e too" off ,is ,at (Correc" # 4e too" t,e ,at off (Correc"
(El se "uit el sombrero)
# 4e too" it off (Correc" # 4e too" off it (No" Correc"
(El se lo "uit)
FRASA INSEPARABE: to ta"e off (despegar)
# 4is plane too" off at 8 pm. (Correc" # 4is plane too" at 8 pm off. (No" Correc"
(-u avin despeg a las ./ horas)
Cua"ro Es"ruc"uras $e Verbos Frasales

1
VERBO + PREPOSICI,N + OB*E(O
(verbo transitivo que lleva ob'eto
&a preposici%n se coloca entre el verbo bsico y el ob'eto.
Blo%in- up t,e balloons for t,e party $as easy.
(.nflar los globos para la fiesta fue fcil

2
VERBO + PAR(IC.A A&VERBIA + OB*E(O
(verbo transitivo que lleva ob'eto
3 6i el ob'eto es un 6U6(*9(.:-, la part)cula adverbial puede colocarse
despus del verbo bsico o despus del ob'eto.
(,e oldman -ave a%a/ ,is ,ouses.
(,e oldman -ave ,is ,ouses a%a/.
(El anciano regal% sus casas
5 6i el ob'eto es un 0!-9-+;!E, la part)cula adverbial se coloca al
3
final.
(,e oldman -ave t,em a%a/.
(El anciano las regal%

3
VERBO + PAR(IC.A A&VERBIA + PREPOSICI,N + OB*E(O
(verbo transitivo que lleva ob'eto
&a primera part)cula es adverbial y la segunda es una preposici%n. 9o es
posible intercalar otra palabra entre ambas part)culas.
4elen ran ou" %i"0ou" saying goodbye.
(Elena sali% corriendo sin decir adi%s

4
VERBO + PAR(IC.A A&VERBIA
(verbo intransitivo que no lleva ob'eto
&a part)cula adverbial se coloca inmediatamente despus del verbo
bsico.
-ur car bro1e $o%n yesterday morning.
(9uestro autom%vil se par% anoc,e
* veces el uso de muc,os verbos frasales var)a entre ingls britnico y americano. 0or e'emplo,
para expresar la idea de telefonear a alguien, los britnicos usan "o rin- so2eone up mientras
que los *mericanos prefieren la expresi%n "o call so2eone.
*simismo, debido a diferencias dialcticas, los significados de algunos verbos frasales pueden
variar de diccionario a diccionario. 9uestra secci%n -+ 04!*6*& te ofrece e'emplos de verbos
frasales en ingls britnico y americano y los verbos separables ,an sido resaltados E9 ;&*9<- .
6aca entonces el mayor provec,o de estos 3=== verbos pulsando cualquier letra en el men> aqu)
aba'o.
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P3RASA 'EANIN) E4A'PES ? (RANSA(ION
abi$e b/ "eep to rules, decisions,
promises or agreements
.f you decide to do it, you/ll ,ave to abide by t,eir strict
rules.
-i decides hacerlo tendr$s "ue acatar sus estrictas
normas.
accoun" for explain, give a good reason
for somet,ing
(,e storm accounts for t,e plane cras,.
0a tormenta e1plica el accidente a#reo.
ac" li1e be,ave in a specific $ay 4erbert is acting li"e a fool today.
2erbert se est$ comportando como un tonto hoy.
ac" up misbe,ave ;ot, "ids ,ave been acting up all day long.
0os dos chicos se estuvieron portando mal todo el da.
a$$ in include 0lease add +acarena in: s,e $ould li"e to go on t,e picnic
tomorro$ $it, you all.
or 3avor4 incluyan a Macarena, ella "uisiera ir al picnic de
ma(ana con todos ustedes.
a$$ up 3 find t,e total of numbers

3 @ou made a mista"e $,en you $ere adding t,e bill up.
5ometi un error cuando sum la cuenta.
5 to ,ave sense 5 A. can/t understand t,is. .t doesn/t add upA.
6No entiendo esto. No le encuentro sentido6.
a$$ up "o result in, total lt all adds up to t,is: s,e is entirely untrust$ort,y.
'odo se puede resumir as, ella no es para nada con3iable.
allo% for ta"e into consideration,
ta"e into account
*ll ,unters allo$ for t,e possibility of boar bites.
'odo ca7ador tiene en cuenta las mordeduras de los
jabales.
ans%er bac1 ans$er a reproof impudently,
retort (colloquial
Bon/t ans$er bac" $,en your parents tal" to you.
No contestes mal a tus padres cuando te est$n hablando.
ans%er up reply clearly and $it,out
any delay
Cane ans$ered up $,en t,e visitor addressed ,er.
+ane respondi r$pidamente cuando el visitante se dirigi a
ella.
ans%er up "o ,ave a ready reply (to 4is $ife ans$ered up to every question t,e police as"ed
,er.
-u esposa respondi a cada pregunta "ue la polica le
hi7o.
appl/ for as" for somet,ing -ne ,undred subscribers ,ave applied for a sc,olars,ip to
study our ne$ -+ <-+0*9@ ;usiness <ourse online.
5ien suscriptores han solicitado una beca para reali7ar por
8nternet nuestro nuevo 5urso de Negocios )M 5)MAN9.
as1 af"er so2eone as" about a person, &ucy ,as as"ed after your mom.
5
,is ,ealt,, etc. 0ucy ha preguntado por la salud de tu mam$.
as1 $o%n invite (a person to come
do$nstairs
(,ey as"ed me do$n to tal" to t,em.
Me pidieron "ue bajara a hablar con ellos.
as1 for request (,e sales manager as"ed for a ne$ extension.
El gerente de ventas solicit un nuevo interno.
as1 in invite (a person into a ,ouse
(usually separated
*s" your ne$ friend inD $e $ould all li"e to meet ,im.
2a7 pasar a tu nuevo amigo: todos "ueremos conocerlo.
as1 ou" invite (a person to any form
of entertainment.
;arbara/s friends al$ays as" ,er out.
0os amigos de *$rbara siempre la invitan a salir.
as1 up invite (a person to come
upstairs
(,e invalid as"ed *nn up to tal" to ,er.
0a inv$lida le pidi a Ann "ue subiera a hablar con ella.
bac1 a%a/ move bac" slo$ly
(in t,e face of danger
(,e robbers bac"ed a$ay $,en t,ey sa$ t,e fierced dog.
0os ladrones retrocieron cuando vieron el perro en3urecido.
bac1 $o%n give up a claim (,e claimant bac"ed do$n and $as content to ta"e ,is
s,are.
El reclamante se ech atr$s y "ued satis3echo con su
parte.
bac1 $o%n fro2 $it,dra$, avoid (,e ne$ president never bac"s do$n from a c,allenge.
El nuevo presidente jam$s se echa atr$s ante un desa3o.
bac1 off not follo$ a t,reat,
give up a claim
6,e bac"ed off $,en . insisted on paying for t,e damages.
-e retract cuando insist en pagar los da(os.
bac1 ou" brea" a promise Eevin promised me a trip, but ,e finally bac"ed out of ,is
promise.
;evin me prometi un viaje pero al 3inalmente rompi su
promesa.
bac1 ou" of $it,dra$ from 4e ,ad to bac" out of t,e deal o$ing to ,is recent
misfortunes.
<ebi retirarse del acuerdo debido a sus =ltimas
desgracias.
bac1 up 3 support (a claim or a person,
confirm
3 *ll of us $ill bac" you up at t,e election.
'odos te apoyaremos en las elecciones.
5 move in reverse,
reverse a car
5 <ould you please bac" up your car a little2
!odra retroceder (dar marcha atr$s a) su auto un poco%
7 ma"e a protection copy ;efore my computer cras,ed, . could bac" all my files up.
Antes de "ue mi computadora 3allara pude proteger (hacer
una copia de seguridad de) todos mis archivos.
bail ou" 3 rescue

3 .f your son runs into difficulties, $,o $ill bail him out?
-i tu hijo se mete en aprietos4 !"ui#n lo va a salvar%
5 provide money for a
person/s release from prison
5 * ric, friend soon came and bailed Coe out.
Enseguida apareci un amigo rico de +oe y pag su 3ian7a.
bale ou" 3 escape from an aeroplane 3 (,e pilot baled out $,en t,e aircraft fell in flames.
6
by parac,ute El piloto salt en paracadas cuando el avin se incendi.
5 remove $ater from a vessel 5 1e baled out for several ,ours until t,e boat $as safe.
-acamos agua durante varias horas hasta "ue el bote
estuvo a salvo.
ban$/ abou" discuss lig,tly or 'o"ingly . don/t li"e to ,ear my secrets being bandied about.
No me gusta "ue se anden revelando mis secretos.
ban1 on depend on 1e all are ban"ing on good $eat,er next +onday.
'odos dependemos de "ue haga buen tiempo el pr1imo
lunes.
bar-e in intrude (slang 1e $ere at a private meeting $,en s,e barged in.
Est$bamos en reunin privada cuando ella se entrometi.
bar1 ou" say petulantly 6,e bar"ed out t,e salesman, A1,y don/t you leave2A
0e espet al vendedor4 6!or "u# no se va de una ve7%6.
be abou" "o be on t,e point of
(doing somet,ing
4e is about to leave for <osta !ica.
Est$ por salir para 5osta Rica.
be af"er searc, for, $ant (slang . am after t,e trut, of t,is problem.
*usco (Estoy detr$s de) la verdad de este problema.
be a-ains" be opposed to ./m against buying everyt,ing t,ey offer you.
Estoy en contra de comprar todo lo "ue te o3recen.
be a%a/ be far from ,ome, from t,is
place (for at least a nig,t
./m afraid 6,eila is a$ay for t,e $ee"end.
Me temo "ue -heila se 3ue por el 3in de semana.
be bac1 ,ave returned after a long
or s,ort absence
+r. ;arter $ill be bac" in ,alf an ,our.
El -r. *arter regresar$ en media hora.
be be0in$ %i"0 be late $it, @ou are already be,ind $it, your rent.
9a te atrasaste con el al"uiler.
be $o%n for ,ave one/s name $ritten
do$n or entered for
*re you do$n for t,e -+ 0ersonal final examinations2
!'e anotaste para los e1$menes 3inales de )M ersonal%
be $o%n in ,ave failed in (slang 0oor +ary is do$n in Frenc, and +at,s.
obre Mary4 le 3ue mal (la reprobaron) en >ranc#s y
Matem$ticas.
be for be in favour of ./m for doing not,ing till t,e police arrive.
Estoy a 3avor de no hacer nada hasta "ue llegue la polica.
be in be at ,ome, be ,ere or t,ere
in t,is or t,at building
. $ant to see +r. Bela$are. .s ,e in2
Necesito ver al -r. <ela?are. !-e encuentra a"u%
be in for be about to ,ave or experience
(usually somet,ing unpleasant
(,e pilot ,as 'ust said t,at $e are in for a bumpy flig,t.
El piloto acaba de anunciar "ue vamos a tener un vuelo movido.
be in %i"0 be friendly $it, 4is fat,er is in $it, t,e manager.
-u padre anda bien (tiene buena relacin) con el gerente.
be off 3 go a$ay (colloquial 3 6,e is off no$. <all ,er later.
7
No se encuentra ahora. 0l$mela m$s tarde.
5 ,ave gone bad (colloquial 5 (,is mil" is offD t,ro$ it a$ay.
Esta leche est$ mal: trala.
7 be free from duty 7 4e promised to see me $,en s,e $as off.
rometi venir a verme cuando no est# ocupado.
G be cancelled (colloquial G (,e meeting sc,eduled for tonig,t is no$ off.
0a reunin programada para esta noche est$ cancelada.
H start H (,e movie is off no$I
@9a comien7a la pelculaA
be on 3 be on duty (colloquial

3 (,ey are on from 5 pm to 8 pm
Est$n ocupados desde las B hasta las C de la tarde.
5 agree (colloquial 5 1e are s$imming soon. *re you on2
ronto vamos a ir a nadar. !Est$s de acuerdo%
be ou" 3 be a$ay from ,ome
(for a s,ort time, not overnig,t
+rs. Bennys is out at t,e moment.
0a -ra. <ennys est$ a3uera en estos momentos.
5 be mista"en, be $rong 5 (,e accountant $as out in ,is budget.
El contador se e"uivoc en el presupuesto.
7 be publis,ed 7 4er boo" is already out.
9a se ha publicado su libro.
G be no longer burning G .s t,e fire out2
!9a apagaron el incendio%
H be beyond consideration
(colloquial
H ./m so busy t,at even a s,ort ,oliday is out.
Estoy tan ocupado "ue hasta una corta vacacin es imposible.
be ou" for be see"ing (colloquial 6,eila is out for a good time.
-heila est$ buscando pasarla bien.
be ou" of 3 be a$ay from

3 4e is out of ;uenos *ires at t,e present.
No se encuentra en *uenos Aires actualmente.
5 ,ave finis,ed, ,ave
ex,austed t,e supply of
5 . am out of sugar and coffee.
Me "ued# sin a7=car y ca3#.
be over be finis,ed (,e storm is over no$. 1e can go on.
'ermin la tormenta. odemos seguir.
be "0rou-0
%i"0
,ave finis,ed $it, (colloquial . am t,roug, $it, you for good and all.
ara bien o para mal he terminado contigo.
be up 3 ,ave risen, be out of bed

3 6,e $on/t be up till 33 am today.
No se va a levantar hasta las .. de la ma(ana hoy.
5 be ,appening 5 1,at/s up2 1,y did you scream2
!Du# ocurri% !or "u# gritaste%
8
7 be finis,ed
(used only of time
7 @our time is up. @ou must return no$.
'u tiempo se acab. <ebes regresar ahora.
be up a-ains" compete against, be facing,
be opposite
+an"ind is al$ays up against 9ature.
0a 2umanidad compite permanentemente con la Naturale7a.
be up an$
abou"
be out of bed and active,
be convalescent (from illness
+r !ivers is muc, better no$: ,e is already up and about.
El -r. Rivers se encuentra mucho mejor ahora, ya anda por all.
be up "o 3 be doing, be busy $it, 3 +art,a is very quiet. Jo and see $,at s,e is up to.
Martha est$ muy silenciosa. Anda a ver en "u# est$ haciendo.
5 feel able to, be fit for 5 +y doctor said t,at . $as not up to ma"ing suc, a long flig,t.
El m#dico me dijo "ue no estoy en condiciones de hacer un vuelo
tan largo.
7 be someone/s responsibility 7 .t is up to you to teac, your c,ildren manners.
Es tu responsabilidad ense(arles buenos modales a tus hijos.
be %ell up in be $ell versed in, "no$
t,oroug,ly
4e is $ell up in movie business: as" ,im about t,is film.
5onoce muy bien el negocio del cine, preg=ntale sobre esta
pelcula.
bear a%a/ $in -ur team bore a$ay t,e c,ampions,ip.
Nuestro e"uipo gan el campeonato.
bear ou" confirm (,is report bears out my t,eory about t,e murder.
Este in3orme con3irma mi teora acerca del asesinato.
bear up support bad ne$s,
not despair
(ry to bear up even if you feel sic".
'rata de aguantar aun"ue te sientas en3ermo.
bear %i"0 be patient $it, 0lease, "indly bear $it, t,e delay.
or 3avor4 tenga paciencia con la demora.
bea" $o%n force someone to lo$er
,is prices
4e as"ed me K3=== for t,e tree, but . beat ,im do$n to K8==.
Me pidi E.FFF por el $rbol pero logr# hac#rselo bajar a ECFF.
bea" off
bea" bac1
repel (,e villagers could beat off (bac" several attac"es in t,e past.
0os pobladores lograron recha7ar varios ata"ues en el pasado.
bea" up 3 stri"e so. severely

3 (,is fello$ ,as beat up several boys at sc,ool.
Este tipo ya le peg a varios muchachos en la escuela.
5 mix t,oroug,ly 5 ;eat up t,e ingredients and t,en boil everyt,ing.
Me7cla bien todos los ingredientes y luego hierve todo.
be- off decline, as" to be excused +arly begged off from ,er engagement to come to t,e party.
Marly pid "ue disculp$ramos su compromiso de venir a la 3iesta.
bloc1 up obstruct so as to ma"e
access impossible
;an" deposits in *rgentina $ere bloc"ed up in Becember 5==3.
0os depsitos bancarios de Argentina 3ueron blo"ueados en
<iciembre de BFF..
blo% ou" extinguis,, put out a flame
by blo$ing
(,e $ind ble$ out t,e candle (or (,e $ind ble$ t,e candle out.
El viento apag la vela.
blo% over pass *ll t,ese troubles $ill soon blo$ over.
9
'odos estos problemas pronto pasar$n.
blo% up 3 destroy by explosion, explode 3 6uddenly t,e $,ole barrel ble$ up.
El barril e1plot repentinamente.
5 fill $it, air, inflate, pump up 5 &aura/s fat,er ble$ up all t,e balloons for t,e party.
El padre de 0aura in3l todos los globos para la 3iesta.
7 become angry 7 4e ble$ up $,en ,is seceretary told ,im about t,e mista"e.
Estall cuando su secretaria le coment acerca del error.
G arise G * storm suddenly ble$ up in t,e <aribbean.
<e pronto estall una tormenta en el 5aribe.
boil a%a/ 3 continue boiling

3 (,e $ater ,as been boiling a$ay for t,e last ten minutes.
2ace die7 minutos "ue est$ hirviendo el agua.
5 boil until all liquid ,as
evaporated
5 (,e mil" ,as all boiled a$ay.
-e ha evaporado toda la leche.
boil $o%n "o can be reduced to
(colloquial
*ll ,is ideas boil do$n to imaginary t,oug,ts.
'odas sus ideas pueden reducirse a pensamientos imaginarios.
boil over boil and flo$ over t,e sides
of t,e container
(,e mil" boiled over and t,ere $as a ,orrible smell of burning.
-e derram la leche hervida y haba un espantoso olor a
"uemado.
bone up on revie$, study t,oroug,ly .f you are going to 0aris try to bone up on your Frenc,.
-i vas a ars trata de ponerte a repasar tu 3ranc#s..
bor$er on be near, be next to (,eir excitement bordered on dangerous ,ysteria.
-u e1citacin estaba al lmite de una peligrosa histeria.
bounce bac1 recover 4elen/s ,usband bounced bac" from ,is defeat.
El esposo de 2elen se recuper de su 3rustracin.
bo% ou" of $it,dra$
(,ey finally bo$ed out of t,e car race.
>inalmente abandonaron la carrera de autos.
branc0 ou" begin or develop a ne$
business
-ur company branc,ed out and ,as t$o agencies in ;razil.
Nuestra empresa se e1pandi y tiene dos sucursales en
*rasil.
brea1 $o%n 3 smas,, demolis,

3 (,e t,ieves bro"e do$n t,e front door.
0os ladrones derribaron la puerta de entrada.
5 stop functioning,
stop $or"ing
5 (,e engine ,as bro"en do$n.
El motor ha dejado de 3uncionar (se ha averiado).
7 collapse t,roug, ill#,ealt,
or great emotion, lose control
7 1,en s,e ,eard t,e ne$s, s,e bro"e do$n and $ept.
5uando supo las noticias se derrumb y se larg a llorar.
G analyse G <ould you brea" do$n t,ese information into age#groups2
!odras distribuir estos datos por edad grupal%
brea1 in 3 enter by force
(also brea1 in"o
3 ($o t,ieves bro"e in and stole t,e car.
Entraron dos ladrones y robaron el auto.
10
5 interrupt someone
(colloquial
5 . $as telling 0aul about :enice $,en s,e bro"e in.
0e estaba contando a aul sobre Genecia cuando ella
interrumpi.
7 tame, train for use.
train to labour
7 .t too" many men to brea" in t,at $ild ,orse.
<omesticar a ese caballo salvaje ocup a varios hombres.
brea1 off 3 separate by brea"ing

3 4e too" t,e c,ocolate and bro"e off a piece.
'om el chocolate y cort un tro7o.
5 stop, disrupt 5 ;efore t,e $ar some countries bro"e off diplomatic
relations.
Antes de la guerra muchas naciones rompieron sus
relaciones diplom$ticas.
brea1 ou" 3 escape by using force

3 6everal prisoners managed to brea" out of prison.
Garios prisioneros se ingeniaron para escapar de la c$rcel.
5 suddenly begin $ars,
fires, epidemics
5 1ar bro"e out in 3L7L.
0a guerra comen7 en .HIH.
7 appear suddenly 7 (,e sun finally bro"e out and t,e rain stopped.
>inalmente sali el sol y dej de llover.
G utter, exclaim G 6uddenly ,e bro"e out into terrible curses.
<e pronto estall en terribles maldiciones.
brea1 up 3 brea" into pieces

3 (,e old s,ip $as bro"en up by t,e $aves.
El viejo barco 3ue desintegrado por las olas.
5 stop, finis, 5 <lasses bro"e up and students $ent bac" ,ome.
'erminaron las clases y los estudiantes regresaron a sus
hogares.
7 depart, disperse
(separable $,en transitive
7 (,e police managed to brea" t,e angry cro$d up.
0a polica se arregl para dispersar a la multitud enojada.
G brea" a relations,ip G +ary and Cames bro"e up t,eir engagement.
Mary y +ames rompieron su compromiso.
brea"0e in in,ale 1e $ent out to t,e garden and breat,ed in t,e fres, air.
-alimos al jardn y respiramos el aire puro.
brea"0e ou" ex,ale Cane breat,ed out a sig, of relief $,en s,e sa$ ,er son $as
in.
+ane e1hal un suspiro cuando vio "ue su hijo estaba
adentro.
brin- abou" cause to ,appen 1,at ,as broug,t about all t,is disaster2
!Du# ocasion este desastre%
brin- aroun$ 3 persuade someone to
agree $it, one/s proposal
3 Finally . broug,t ,im around to my point of vie$.
>inalmente pude convencerlo acerca de mi opinin.
5 restore to consciousness 5 (,is medicine $ill soon bring ,er around.
Este medicamento la revivir$ (har$ volver en s) pronto.
7 bring to your ,ouse 7 ./ll bring your boo" around tonig,t.
11
Esta noche te llevo el libro a tu casa.
brin- bac1 3 recall (usually not
separated $it, a noun
3 4e al$ays brings bac" ,is trip to 0aris.
-iempre a(ora (le viene a la mente) su viaje a ars.
5 return 5 6,e broug,t bac" ,er four library boo"s.
Ella devolvi los cuatro libros a la biblioteca.
brin- $o%n lo$er, reduce Finally t,e artist broug,t ,is price do$n.
>inalmente el artista redujo el precio.
brin- for%ar$ 3 introduce, propose

3 1,o broug,t t,is matter for$ard2
!Dui#n sac (trajo a colacin) este tema%
5 carry figures to
t,e next page
5 @ou must bring for$ard last mont,/s total on to page 5H.
'ienes "ue trasladar los totales del mes pasado a la p$gina
BJ.
brin- in 3 introduce

3 (,e foreigners broug,t in many customs.
0os inmigrantes introdujeron muchas costumbres.
5 produce as profit, yield 5 (,e sale ,as broug,t in an interesting sum.
0a venta rindi una suma interesante.
7 earn 7 4is business brings in a lot of money every mont,.
-u negocio produce mucho dinero mensualmente.
G pronounce a verdict G (,e 'ury broug,t in a verdict of not guilty.
El jurado se pronunci con un veredicto de no culpable.
brin- off accomplis, somet,ing
very difficult
. t,oug,t Boris couldn/t pass t,e F<E but s,e broug,t it off.
ens# "ue <oris no podra aprobar el >5E pero lo logr.
brin- ou" publis, 1,en are you bringing out your next novel2
!5uando publicar$s tu pr1ima novela%
brin- up 3 educate, raise, rear

3 ;ringing up c,ildren is never easy.
Educar a los ni(os nunca es 3$cil.
5 mention as a topic
of discussion
5 1e decided to bring t,e matter up at t,e next meeting.
<ecidimos mencionar el tema en la pr1ima reunin.
brus0 up polis,, revise ./m trying to brus, my Englis, up.
Estoy intentando mejorar (pulir) mi 8ngl#s.
brus0 up on refres, "no$ledge of,
revie$
./m traveling to <anada soon. . must brus, up on my Frenc,.
ronto viajar# a 5anad$. 'engo "ue re3rescar mis
conocimientos de >ranc#s.
buc1le $o%n $or" seriously @ou may fail your (-EF& exam if you don/t buc"le do$n.
uedes 3racasar en tu e1amen ')E>0 si no te pones a
estudiar en serio.
buil$ on develop from
(,e ne$ manager $ants to build on t,e company success.
El nuevo gerente "uiere tomar como base el #1ito de la
compa(a.
add an extension
1,en t,e ne$ extension is built on, t,e factory $ill be ,uge.
5uando se construya la nueva ampliacin la 3$brica ser$
12
to a building
enorme.
burn $o%n destroy by fire
(used of buildings
(,e rebels burnt do$n all t,e cottages.
0os rebeldes incendiaron todas las casas.
burn up 3 become destroyed by fire

3 4er pictures burned up $,en t,e apartment set on fire.
-us cuadros se "uemaron cuando el departamento se
incendi.
5 cause someone
to become very angry
5 .t burns me up $,en people is so rudeII
@@Me saca de "uicio cuando la gente es tan groseraAA
burs" in"o suddenly enter Four t,ieves burst into t,e meeting room last nig,t.
Anoche cuatro ladrones irrumpieron en la sala de reuniones.
burs" ou" suddenly s,o$ emotion 4e burst out laug,ing at t,e end of t,e speec,.
-e larg a rer al 3inal del discurso.
bu"" in interrupt impolitely
a conversation
6,eila butts in all t,e time so you cannot tal" $it, comfort.
-heila interrumpe todo el tiempo y no puedes hablar con
comodidad.
bu""er up flatter, praise dis,onestly 1e buttered ,im up to see if ,e $ould agree to our proposal.
0o adulamos para ver si aceptaba nuestra propuesta.
bu""on up fasten $it, buttons 4e buttoned ,is 'ac"et up easily.
-e aboton el saco con 3acilidad.
bu/ up buy everyt,ing 4e broug,t up t,e entire stoc" of *rgentine $ines.
-e compr toda la e1istencia de vinos argentinos.
call a" visit a place for a s,ort time . called at t,e ban" to transfer some money.
as# por el banco para trans3erir algo de dinero.
call for 3 visit a place to collect
someone or somet,ing
3 (om is calling for me at M pm.
'om me pasa a buscar a las / de la noche.
5 require, demand 5 (,is situation calls for tact and a deep investigation.
Esta situacin re"uiere tacto y una investigacin a 3ondo.
call in send for someone to come
as" to assist
.t $as too late to call in an electrician.
Era demasiado tarde para llamar (hacer venir) a un
electricista.
call off
3 cancel somet,ing t,at ,as
been sc,eduled, not started
3 (,e couple decided to call off t,e $edding.
0os jvenes decidieron cancelar el casamiento.
5 divert, distract 5 0lease, call off your dog at once II
@@or 3avor distraiga ya a su perroAA.
call on 3 as" someone to do
somet,ing
3 (,e president called on ,is people to ma"e some
sacrifices.
El presidente convoc a su gente a hacer alg=n sacri3icio.
5 visit 5 <all on me if you ,ave any problems.
Genga a verme si tiene problemas.
13
call ou" 3 s,out, cry, exclaim

3 (,ey called my name out.
Me gritaron (llamaron a los gritos) por mi nombre.
5 summon troops for action B) (,e Fire ;rigade $as called out t$ice during t,e nig,t.
0a *rigada de 8ncendios 3ue citada dos veces durante la
noche.
call up 3 remember, recollect

3 (,e old man is calling up many memories.
El anciano se la pasa recordando el pasado.
5 summon for military service 5 4ere men are called up at 3M.
A"u llaman a los hombres para el servicio militar a los ./
a(os.
7 telep,one someone 7 . called (om up and told ,im t,e ne$s.
0o llam# por tele3no a 'om para comentarle las
novedades.
call upon visit someone for a s,ort time @esterday t,ey called upon t,e ambassador.
Ayer visitaron al embajador.
cal2 $o%n become less agitated :eronica is really upset. ./ll try to calm ,er do$n.
Gernica est$ absolutamente disgustada. 'ratar# de
calmarla.
care abou" be concerned about (,is movie star cares about ,is reputation.
A esta estrella de cine le preocupa su 3ama.
care for 3 li"e, $ant

3 4e doesn/t care for films about $ar.
No le interesan las pelculas de guerra.
5 loo" after, ta"e care of 5 (,is ,ouse loo"s $ell cared for.
Esta casa se ve bien cuidada (en buenas condiciones)..
carr/ on 3 continue

3 (,e $ido$ carried on as if not,ing ,ad ,appened.
0a viuda continu como si nada hubiese ocurrido.
5 continue $it, 5 ;ot, brot,ers carried on $it, t,eir boring conversation.
0os dos hermanos continuaron con su aburrida
conversacin.
carr/ ou" perform, put in practice .t is not easy to carry out t,is tas".
No es 3$cil poner en pr$ctica esta tarea.
cas" up calculate, add (,e accountant $ill cast up all t,e figures in t,is boo".
El contador sumar$ todas las ci3ras en este libro.
ca"c0 on 3 become popularD be $idely
accepted
3 (,e fas,ion of $earing bo$ ties is catc,ing on.
-e est$ poniendo de moda usar mo(os de corbata.
5 understand (slang 5 4e sa$ t,e old lady and suddenly caug,t on.
Gio a la anciana y comprendi de inmediato.
ca"c0 up %i"0 overta"e but not pass,
stop being be,ind
. started last but . soon caug,t up $it, t,e ot,ers.
Arran"u# =ltimo pero pronto alcanc# (me puse a la altura
de) los dem$s.
ca"er for provide $it, t,ings desired -ur company caters for every "ind of food for planes.
14
Nuestra empresa provee todo tipo de alimentos para
aviones.
c0ec1 in register one/s arrival @ou must c,ec" in at t,e front des".
'ienes "ue registrarte en la recepcin.
c0ec1 off ma"e a mar" on a list to
indicate completed t,ings
6,e c,ec"ed off all t,e t,ings s,e ,ad pac"ed up.
Ella tild (marc) todas las cosas "ue haba empacado.
c0ec1 ou" 3 register one/s departure 3 0lease, leave t,e "ey ,ere $,en you c,ec" out.
'enga a bien dejar a"u la llave cuando se retire.
5 verify, investigate 5 <an you c,ec" out t,is information2
!odras veri3icar esta in3ormacin%
c0eer on c,eer, encourage 6,e promised to be t,ere to c,eer us on.
rometi estar all para darnos $nimo.
c0eer up ,elp someone feel less
$orried or ,appier
<,eer upI Everyt,ing $ill be all rig,t.
@Al#grateA 'odo va a andar bien.
c0e% ou" scold someone severely 4is fat,er c,e$ed ,im out $,en ,e arrived so late.
-u padre lo reprendi severamente cuando lleg tan tarde.
c0ic1en ou" lose t,e courage or confidence
to do somet,ing
. $as going to as" ,im for a 'ob, but . c,ic"ened out.
Estaba por pedirle un trabajo pero no tuve el coraje.
c0ip in contribute, donate
(usually money
+y mot,er is collecting donations for t,e cause. ./m sure
you $ant to c,ip in.
Mi madre est$ juntando 3ondos para la causa. Estoy seguro
"ue "uieres contribuir.
c0op $o%n fellD cut do$n by delivering
a blo$
(,ey finally c,opped do$n t,e old oa" tree.
>inalmente talaron (derribaron) el antiguo roble.
c0op up cut into small pieces 6,e c,opped t,e meat up for t,e ste$.
5ort la carne en pedacitos para el guiso.
cla2 up refuse to tal" about
somet,ing
1,en . try to tal" about ,er divorce, +ary 'ust clams up.
5uando intento hablar de su divorcio4 Mary enmudece
(rehusa hablar).
clean $o%n brus, or $as" a $all, car, etc. 4e spent all day cleaning my car do$n.
Me pas# el da limpiando el auto.
clean ou" ma"e clean and tidy (,e maid $ill soon clean out t,e cupboard.
0a mucama enseguida ordenar$ (dejar$ ordenado) el
aparador.
clean up tidy (,is painters al$ays clean up $,en t,ey/ve finis,ed.
Estos pintores siempre dejan todo ordenado despu#s de
pintar.
clean up af"er tidy for 6,e spent ,alf a day cleaning up after t,e c,ildren.
-e pas medio da ordenando lo "ue dejaron los ni(os.
clear a%a/
clear off
3 remove or get rid of articles
(in order to ma"e space
3 4e cleared a$ay (off, out t,e old records.
-e deshi7o de (tir) los discos viejos.
15
clear ou" 5 disperse 5 A@ou clear a$ay (off, out immediatelyA, s,outed t,e
farmer.
El granjero grit4 6@-alga de a"u inmediatamenteA6.
clear up 3 become finer or brig,t

3 1,en t,e $eat,er clears up, $e/ll go to t,e movies.
5uando mejore el tiempo iremos al cine.
5 tidy up 5 0lease, clear up all t,is mess.
or 3avor4 despeja (ordena) todo este lo de cosas.
7 finis, 7 . ,ave some letters to be cleared up before . leave.
'engo algunas cartas para terminar antes de irme.
G solve a mystery G (,e detective finally cleared up t,e mystery.
El detective 3inalmente resolvi el misterio.
H used $,en introducing
import goods
H @ou must clear up <ustoms $,en you come from
abroad.
'ienes "ue pasar por Aduana cuando llegas de otro pas.
cloc1 in register one/s arrival in a cloc"
(in factories
(,e $or"men ,ere cloc" in from 8 am to 8.7= am.
A"u los obreros marcan su entrada de C a C.IF de la
ma(ana.
cloc1 off
cloc1 ou"
register one/s departure in a
cloc" (in factories
-ur $or"men cloc" off (out at 7 pm.
Nuestros operarios marcan su salida a las I de la tarde.
close $o%n s,ut permanently (rade ,ere is so bad t,at many s,ops close do$n.
El comercio a"u es tan pobre "ue muchos negocios
cierran de3initivamente.
close in
close on
come nearer, approac, from
all sides, surround
*s t,e mist $as closing in (on $e decided to stay t,ere.
5omo la niebla se apro1imaba decidimos "uedarnos all
mismo.
close up 3 close completely, bloc"

3 (,e old road ,as been closed up.
2an clausurado la vieja ruta.
5 come nearer to one anot,er 5 0lease c,ildren, close up a bit for anot,er boy on t,is
seat.
or 3avor ni(os4 j=ntense un poco para hacer lugar a otro.
clou$ over
clou$ up
become overcast *lt,oug, it clouded over (up in t,e afternoon, t,e rain
stayed a$ay and $e could play in t,e garden.
Aun"ue se nubl por la tarde4 la lluvia se mantuvo alejada y
pudimos jugar en el jardn.
co2e abou" ,appen .t came about t,at $e bot, left 6pain on t,e same plane.
)curri "ue los dos salimos de Espa(a en el mismo avin.
co2e across 3 meet accidentally 3 . met across several old friends at t,e meeting.
En la reunin me encontr# con varios viejos amigos.
5 find unexpectedly,
by c,ance
5 . $ill tell you if . come across t,e boo" you are loo"ing
for.
'e avisar# si encuentro el libro "ue est$s buscando.
co2e alon- 3 progress 3 4o$ is your ne$ novel coming along2
16
!5mo anda tu novela nueva%
5 ,urry 5 <ome along no$, or $e/ll be late.
Gamos ya o llegaremos tarde.
co2e a%a/ 3 leave 3 <ome a$ay no$. .t/s time to go ,ome.
-algamos ya. Es hora de ir a casa.
5 become detac,ed 5 (,e "nob of t,e <B player came a$ay in my ,ands.
0a perilla del reproductor de 5<s se sali (cay en mis
manos).
co2e bac1 return . s,all be $aiting for you $,en you come bac".
'e estar# esperando cuando regreses.
co2e $o%n descend +rs. ;lair $ill come do$n in five minutes.
0a -ra. *lair bajar$ en cinco minutos.
co2e $o%n "o can be reduced to @our c,oices come do$n 'ust to t,ese t$o alternatives.
'us posibilidades de eleccin ser reducen a dos
alternativas.
co2e $o%n %i"0 become ill $it, +y $ife came do$n $it, t,e flu.
Mi esposa cay engripada.
co2e in
co2e in"o
3 enter

3 <ome into my garden and . s,all s,o$ you my ne$
roses.
Gen al jardn "ue te mostrar# mis nuevas rosas.
5 become fas,ionable 5 6,ort s"irts ,ave come in t,is year.
Este a(o se han puesto de moda las polleras cortas.
co2e off 3 be detac,ed

3 (,e minute ,and of my $atc, ,as come off.
-e sali la aguja minutera de mi reloj.
5 be successful 5 @our plan ,as come off after all.
<espu#s de todo tu plan di buenos resultados.
7 ta"e place 7 1,en is t,e $edding coming off2 9ext mont,2
!5u$ndo es el casamiento% !El mes pr1imo%
G be ta"en off,
stop functioning
G (,is play is coming off next $ee".
Esta obra de teatro deja de representarse la semana "ue
viene.
co2e ou" 3 be revealed

3 (,e $,ole trut, finally came out.
>inalmente se supo toda la verdad.
5 be publis,ed 5 4er ne$ boo" $ill come out next $ee".
-u nuevo libro ser$ publicado la semana pr1ima.
7 disappear

7 (omato stains do not usually come out.
0as manchas de tomate no salen 3$cilmente.
G result G Everyt,ing ,as come out as $e $anted.
'odo sali como dese$bamos.
17
co2e over come to one/s ,ouse,
visit casually
<ome over and ,ave tea $it, us.
Gen a tomar el t# con nosotros.
co2e roun$ 3 recover consciousness

3 (,e cyclist came round after t$o ,ours.
El ciclista volvi en s despu#s de dos horas.
5 come to my ,ouse 5 . could come round tonig,t if you are not busy.
odra pasar por tu casa esta noche si no est$s ocupado.
7 finally accept 7 &ina refused to study abroad but s,e came round in t,e
end.
0ina no "uera estudiar en el e1tranjero pero al 3inal acept.
co2e "o 3 regain consciousness 3 *fter ,e fainted ,e came to ,imself very quic"ly.
<espu#s de desmayarse volvi en si r$pidamente.
5 total @our purc,ase comes to K8=. 1ill you pay $it, a credit
card2
-u compra asciende a ECF. !Ga a pagar con tarjeta de
cr#dito%
co2e up 3 ascend, rise to t,e surface

3 <ome up and ta"e a loo" at t,e bedroom.
-ubir a ver el dormitorio.
5 be mentioned, arise 5 (,e question of my salary came up at t,e meeting.
En la reunin se mencion el tema de mi sueldo.
7 approac, 7 (,e stranger came up and as"ed me t,e time.
El e1tra(o se acerc y me pregunt la hora.
co2e up a-ains" meet an obstacle (,ey ,ave come up against many difficulties lately.
Ellos han trope7ado con muchas di3icultades =ltimamente.
co2e upon discover 1e finally came upon a small la"e near t,e *ndes.
>inalmente descubrimos un pe"ue(o lago cercano a los
Andes.
co2e up "o 3 be equal to

3 4is $or" does not come up to +ary/s.
-u trabajo no se compara con el de Mary.
5 come close enoug, to
tal",
approac,
5 (,e policeman came up to me and said, A@ou can/t par" ,ere.
0lease, par" over t,ereA.
El agente se me acerc y dijo4 6No puede estacionar a"u.
or 3avor estacione m$s all$6.
co2e up %i"0 produce -+ 0ersonal comes up $it, many alternatives to t,e 6panis, spea"ers
$,o need to learn Englis,.
)M ersonal o3rece muchas alternativas para los hispano&parlantes
"ue necesitan aprender ingl#s.
confi$e in s,are a secret (,e t$o friends ,ave al$ays confided in eac, ot,er.
0os dos amigos se han con3iado siempre sus secretos.
coo1 up concoct (slang 4o$ did you mnage to coo" up suc, a fantastic excuse2
!5mo te las ingeniaste para tramar semejante e1cusa%
cool $o%n become cool or calm (,ey could cool do$n t,e angry parent after some minutes.
<espu#s de unos minutos lograron calmar al padre enojado.
18
cope %i"0 deal $it, problems 4e could cope $it, t,at difficult situation.
udo hacer 3rente a esa di3cil situacin.
cor$on off bloc" (,e police cordoned off t,is area.
0a polica clausur (blo"ue) esta 7ona.
coun" in include (usually
separated
@ou can count me in for t,e picnic.
ueden incluirme para el picnic.
coun" on rely on, depend on @ou can count on meD . $on/t fail you.
uedes contar conmigo: no te voy a 3allar.
coun" ou" exclude (usually
separated
0lease, count me out for t,e birt,day present.
or 3avor4 no me incluyas para el regalo de cumplea(os.
coun" up add up figures <ount t,ese figures up once more.
-uma estos n=meros una ve7 m$s.
creep up on approac, undetected -ld age tends to creep up on one.
0os a(os aparecen en ti sin darte cuenta.
crop up appear unexpectedly *ll sort of difficulties ,ave cropped up in our country.
En nuestro pas han aparecido (surgido) todo tipo de di3icultades.
cross ou" s,o$ t,at somet,ing
$ritten is $rong by
crossing it $it, an N
4e spent all t,e morning crossing out ,is students/ mista"es.
-e pas la ma(ana tachando los errores de sus estudiantes.
cr/ ou" s,out out 4e cried out t,at ,e $as innocent.
Krit "ue era inocente.
cr/ ou" for urgently require (,e education system in *rgentina is crying out for improvement.
El sistema educativo de Argentina reclama urgentes mejoras.
cu" across use a s,ort route .f you $ant to arrive earlier, cut across t,e par"ing lot.
-i "uieres llegar m$s r$pido4 atraviesa el (toma un atajo a trav#s del)
estacionamiento.
cu" bac1 on 3 reduce consumption

3 6,e is a little over$eig,t. 6,e s,ould cut bac" on fat.
Est$ e1cedida de peso. 'endra "ue reducir el consumo de grasa.
5 reduce expenses 5 (,e government ,as cut bac" spending. (1,ere $as it2
El gobierno ha reducido los gastos. (!<nde ha ocurrido%)
cu" $o%n 3 fell

3 Finally t,ey cut do$n t,e ,uge oa" tree.
>inalmente talaron (cortaron) el viejo roble gigante.
5 reduce in size or
amount
5 (ry to cut do$n your expenses.
'rata de reducir (recortar) tus gastos.
cu" in pass one car $,en t,ere
isn/t room to do it safely
9ever try to cut in during rus, ,ours. .t/s really dangerous.
No trates de adelantarte a otros en horas pico. Es muy peligroso.
cu" off 3 separate by cutting

3 6,e cut off a piece of ca"e for me.
5ort un peda7o de torta para m.
5 disconnect 5 . $as cut off in t,e middle of my p,one conversation.
19
Me cortaron en medio de la conversacin tele3nica.
7 discontinue supply
(gas, electricity, etc
7 (,e company ,as cut off our electricity supply.
0a empresa nos cort el servicio de electricidad.
G disin,erit G 4is fat,er cut ,im off $it,out a penny.
-u padre lo dej sin un centavo de herencia.
H isolate, intercept H @ou $ill be cut off if you go to live in t,at small village.
Gas a "uedar aisaldo si te vas a vivir a ese pueblito.
cu" ou"
3 remove by cutting

3 Culia is cutting out a p,otograp, of ,er favourite film star.
+ulia est$ recortando una 3oto de su estrella de cine 3avorita.
5 omit, leave out 5 .f you $ant to get t,in you must cut out sugar.
-i "uieres adelga7ar debes eliminar el a7=car.
7 stop 7 <ut t,ose 'o"es out, please III
@@@'erminen con esas bromas4 por 3avorAAA
cu" ou" for be suitable for,
,ave t,e qualities for
4e is cut out for a teac,er.
'iene las cualidades per3ectas para ser educador.
cu" up cut into pieces 6,e cut t,e ca"e up and gave eac, of us a piece.
5ort la torta en peda7os y nos dio un tro7o a cada uno.
$a%n on begin to appearD begin to gro$
clear to t,e mind
*fter reading ,er letter t,e trut, began to da$n on me.
<espu#s de leer su carta la verdad empe7 a aclarar en
m.
$eal in stoc", sell Cennifer/s ,usband deals in gold and 'e$els.
El esposo de +ennier comercia oro y joyas.
$eal %i"0 ,andle successfully 6,e is really luc"y, so s,e can deal $it, t,is situation.
Es muy a3ortunada4 por lo tanto puede manejar esta
situacin.
$eci$e on settle on *bout sales t,ey have already decided on a course of action.
Acerca de las ventas ya han de3inido una lnea de accin.
$ie a%a/ become gradually faintier,
disappear
(,e prisoners $aited till t,e sound of t,e $arder died a$ay.
0os prisioneros aguardaron hasta "ue los pasos del
guardia se e1tinguieron (desaparecieron).
$ie $o%n become gradually calmer,
become less
1,en t,e excitement ,ad died do$n t,e s,op $as
reopened.
5uando se calm la e1citacin se reabri la tienda.
$ie ou" become extinct ;lue $,ales could die out in a fe$ years.
0a ballena a7ul podra e1tinguirse en pocos a(os.
$i- up remove from t,e ground
by digging
(,e pirates are digging up t,e treasure.
0os piratas est$n desenterrando el tesoro.
$ispense %i"0 proceed $it,out (,e c,airman dispensed $it, formalities and too" off ,is tie.
El presidente prescindi de toda 3ormalidad y se "uit la
corbata.
20
$ispose of get rid of, remove,
do a$ay $it,
.f my parents move, t,ey $ill ,ave to dispose of t,eir
furniture.
-i mis padres se mudan tendr$n "ue deshacerse de sus
muebles.
$o a%a/ %i"0 remove, destroy, abolis, +odern civilisation ,as do$n a$ay $it, slavery.
0a civili7acin moderna ha abolido (desterrado) la
esclavitud.
$o in 3 cause to become very tired
(generally used in t,e passive
3 . slept long ,ours as t,e $or" in t,e garden ,ad done me
in.
<orm mucho por"ue el trabajo en el jardn me haba
e1tenuado.
5 "ill, murder 5 (,e old $oman ,ad been done in at midnig,t in t,e par".
0a anciana haba sido asesinada a medianoche en el
par"ue.
$o over do somet,ing again (,is report is full of mista"es. @ou/ll ,ave to do it over.
Este in3orme est$ lleno de errores. 'endr$s "ue rehacerlo.
$o up 3 fasten (s,oe laces,
zippers, etc.
3 6,e did up t,e zip on ,er dress and $ent out.
-ubi el cierre de su vestido y se 3ue.
5 redecorate, restore 5 1,en . do t,is room up . $ill paint t,e $alls in stripes.
5uando redecore esta habitacin pintar# las paredes a
rayas.
$o %i"0ou" manage in t,e absence of (,ey did $it,out food and fres, $ater.
-obrevivieron (se arreglaron) sin alimentos ni agua 3resca.
$ouble up bend over 1,en $e sa$ ,er costume $e $ere doubled up $it,
laug,ter.
5uando vimos su dis3ra7 nos descostillamos de la risa.
$ra- in"o involve un$illingly 0lease, don/t drag me into t,is discussion once againII
@@or 3avor4 no me involucren en esta discusin otra ve7AA
$ra- on continue tediously (,e sermon dragged on for over an ,our.
El sermn dur (result interminable por) m$s de una hora.
$ra% bac1 retire, retreat .t/s too late to dra$ bac" no$D t,e plans are all made.
Es tarde para volverse atr$s: todos los planes est$n
hechos.
$ra% in"o involve gradually (,ey managed to dra$ me into t,e conversation.
-e la arreglaron para ir involucr$ndome en la conversacin.
$ra% near approac, *s t,e dentist dre$ near, several frig,tened c,ildren ran
a$ay.
5uando el dentista se acerc varios ni(os huyeron
atemori7ados.
$ra% ou" prolong somet,ing (,e spea"er $as so boring t,at ,e dre$ ,is speec, out for
over t,ree ,ours.
El orador era tan aburrido "ue estir su discurso durante
m$s de tres horas.
ta"e money out of an (,e accountant dre$ out an equivalent sum of cas, $it,
21
account at a ban" t,e company c,eque.
El contador e1trajo (retir) una suma e"uivalente de dinero
mediante el che"ue de la empresa.
$ra% up 3 stop (of ve,icles

3 (,e car dre$ up and t,e driver got out.
El auto se detuvo y el conductor descendi.
5 ma"e a $ritten plan.
compose a formal document
5 +y solicitor dre$ up t,e lease yesterday.
Ayer mi abogado redact el contrato de al"uiler.
$rea2 abou"
$rea2 of
dream of (persons, t,ings 4e al$ays dreams about (of going to :enice.
-iempre sue(a con ir a Genecia.
$ress up dress elaborately *lan dressed up for t,e ceremony.
Alan se puso de punta en blanco para la ceremonia.
$rin1 up drin" all of Brin" your mil" up before you go to be.
*ebe toda la leche antes de irte a la cama.
$rive a%a/ go a$ay in a car 6,e $aved and drove a$ay.
-alud y se 3ue (conduciendo) su auto.
$rive up arrive in a car 4e drove up in a large *merican car.
0leg en un enorme auto americano.
$rop be0in$ leave be,ind (,e at,lete soon dropped t,e ot,er runners be,ind.
El atleta enseguida dej atr$s a los dem$s corredores.
$rop b/ visit informally ./d love to see you. 0lease try to drop by our ,ouse.
Me encantara verte. or 3avor pasa por casa.
$rop in on visit casually
(unannounced visit
4e dropped in on us to tell me somet,ing about t,e office.
as por casa (Nos hi7o una visita de pasada) para decirme
algo acerca de la o3icina.
$rop off 3 fall

3 .n autumn leaves begin to drop off.
En oto(o comien7an a caer las hojas.
5 fall asleep 5 +any people dropped off during t,e long lecture.
Mucha gente se "ued dormida durante la larga con3erencia.
7 deliver somet,ing 7 0lease, drop t,ese off as you leave t,e office.
or 3avor despacha estas cartas cuando te vayas de la
o3icina.
G give someone a ride G 1,en *na moves close to me ./ll be glad to drop ,er off.
5uando Ana se mude cerca de casa ser$ un placer acercarla
en mi automvil.
$rop ou" $it,dra$ -ne runner t$isted ,is foot in t,e race and dropped out.
Ln corredor se torci el pie durante la carrera y abandon.
$ru2 in"o teac, by repetition .n order to improve t,eir conversational s"ills, -+ 0ersonal
drums all sort of dialogues into t,e students.
A 3in de mejorar la comprensin oral4 )M ersonal machaca a
sus estudiantes con todo tipo de di$logos.
22
$ru2 up raise :eronica ,as drummed up support for ,er mar"eting plan.
Gernica ha conseguido apoyo para su plan de mercadeo.
$r/ up 3 become completely dry

3 (,e streams all dried up during t,e ,ot summer.
'odos los arroyos se secaron durante el trrrido verano.
5 ma"e dry 5 0lease, dry t,ese glasses up.
-eca estos vasos4 por 3avor.
$%ell on emp,asize +y boss d$elt on t,e ris"s involved in t,is ne$ plan.
Mi je3e recalc los riesgos involucrados en este nuevo plan.
ease off become less painful
or troublesome
+y ,eadac,e ,as no$ eased off a little.
El dolor de cabe7a se ha atenuado un poco ahora.
ea" in eat at ,ome 1e are all going to eat in tonig,t, so please prepare a big
meal.
'odos cenaremos en casa esta noche4 de modo "ue
prepara una buena cantidad de comida.
ea" ou" eat a$ay from ,ome (in a
restaurant or at a friend/s
,ouse, etc.
(,ere $as no food in t,e ,ouse, so $e decided to eat out.
No "uedaba comida en la casa4 por lo tanto decidimos
comer a3uera
ea" up eat all of, eat completely
(separable
AEat up your dinner and t,en you $ill gro$ into a big boy.A
65ome toda tu cena y te convertir$s en un muchacho
grandote6.
e-- on encourage, persuade 4is friends egg ,im on until ,e finally agreed to t,e plan.
-us amigos lo persuadieron hasta "ue 3inalmente acept la
propuesta.
e1e ou" ma"e a living by doing
somet,ing extra (separable
but often not separated
(,e poor teac,er gave private music lessons in order to
e"e out ,is lo$ salary.
El pobre pro3esor daba clases privadas de m=sica para
compensar sus bajos ingresos.
e2p"/ ou" remove $,at is inside
somet,ing
(,e maid found t,e missing "eys $,en s,e emptied out
bot, dra$ers in t,e bedroom.
0a mucama encontr las llaves "ue 3altaban cuando vaci
los dos cajones del dormitorio.
en$ off finis, 6,eila ended off ,er speec, $it, some amusing stories.
-heila 3inali7 su discurso con algunas entretenidas
historias.
en$ up reac, an end .f you continue to act li"e t,is, you $ill end in prison.
-i contin=as manej$ndote as4 terminar$s en la c$rcel.
enlar-e on say more about 0lease enlarge on your proposal.
or 3avor4 ampla (e1plica con m$s detalles) tu propuesta.
en"er in"o 3 begin, commence

3 Finally t,e sisters entered into an agreement.
>inalmente las hermanas se pusieron de acuerdo.
5 be connected $it, 5 1,at ,e $ants doesn/t enter into our relations,ip.
0o "ue #l "uiera no tiene nada "ue ver con nuestra
relacin.
23
en"er up "eep a $ritten record of
accounts, etc. (separable
(,e cler" forgot to enter up t,e figures for t,e sales on
(uesday.
El empleado olvid ingresar los importes de las ventas del
martes.
even up ma"e even or equal
(separable $,en transitive
(,e last goal ,as no$ evened up t,e score and t,e matc,
$ill probably end in a dra$.
El =ltimo gol acaba de emparejar los resultados y el partido
probablemente 3inalice empatado.
e5pan$ on say more about 0lease expand on what you have just mentioned.
or 3avor4 ampla (e1plica con m$s detalles) lo "ue acabas
de mencionar.
e5plain a%a/ remove uncertainty by s,o$ing
$,y one s,ould not be blamed
for a fault, mista"e, etc.
1,y did you be,ave so rudely to our guest2 Explain t,at
a$ay.
!or "u# se comport tan groseramente con nuestro
invitado% E1pl"uese.
face up "o

3 $it,stand

3 (,e explorers faced up to terrible experiences.
0os e1ploradores se en3rentaron con terribles e1periencias.
5 accept and deal $it,,
admit to
5 &earn to face up to t,e trut, no matter ,o$ muc, it ,urts.
Aprende a aceptar la verdad por m$s "ue #sta duela.
fa$e a%a/

become $ea"er or fainter,
disappear
(,e sound gradually faded a$ay $,en t,ey appeared.
El sonido desapareci gradualmente cuando aparecieron.
fa- ou"

ex,aust (slang

(,e long 'ourney ,as fagged me out.
El largo viaje me ha dejado agotado.
fall bac1 recede, retreat *s soon as t,e enemy fell bac", t,e soldiers returned to
t,eir ,omes in 6pain.
Apenas el enemigo retrocedi4 lo soldados regresaron a
sus hogares en Espa(a.
fall bac1 on turn to for ,elp, ma"e use of
in an emergency
;ecause of unexpected expenses, $e ,ad to fall bac" on
our savings.
A causa de gastos imprevistos tuvimos "ue hacer uso de
nuestros ahorros.
fall be0in$ be passed by ot,ers -ur runner seems to ,ave fallen be,ind.
arece "ue nuestro corredor se ha atrasado ("uedado
atr$s).
fall be0in$ %i"0 fail to pay a sum of money
$,ic, is due
Cones fell be,ind $it, ,is payments for t,e car and ,ad to
borro$ money.
+ones se atras con los pagos del automvil y tuvo "ue
pedir dinero prestado.
fall $o%n lose one/s balance <,arles tripped over a stone and fell do$n.
5arlos trope7 con una piedra y se cay.
fall for
3 be attracted by t,e
c,arms of (slang
3 !obert soon fell for t,e beautiful +onica.
Roberto enseguida se sinti atrado por la bella Mnica.
5 succumb to a tric" or
suggestion
5 4e al$ays falls for every lie ,is friends tell ,im.
-e cree (traga) cual"uier mentira "ue le cuentan sus amigos.
24

fall in %i"0

come across,
meet by c,ance

(,e student fell in $it, some young girls and $ent to t,e
movies $it, t,em.
El estudiante se encontr de casualidad con algunas chicas y
3ue al cine con ellas.
fall off

become less, decrease

*ttendance at t,e concerts ,as been falling off lately.
0a concurrencia a los conciertos ha estado decayendo
=ltimamente.
fall ou" %i"0

quarrel $it,

+rs. Bavidson fell out $it, ,er neig,bor +iss. !oolings.
0a -ra <avidson se pele con su vecina la -rta. Roolings.
fall "0rou-0

not ,appen, fail a plan,
miscarry, not be
accomplis,ed
* brilliant plan for a ne$ bridge fell t,roug, after a year.
<espu#s de un a(o 3racas un brillante plan para un nuevo
puente.
fe$ up %i"0

bored, tired
(past participle only
./m fed up $it, my present 'ob. 1,at about you2
Estoy harto de mi trabajo. !9 t=%
fee$ up

fatten

(,ose tur"eys ,ave been fed up specially for <,ristmas.
Esos pavos han sido engordados especialmente para
Navidad.
feel li1e

be $illing to

. don/t feel li"e going to t,e movies tonig,t.
No tengo ganas de ir al cine esta noche.
feel up "o

feel able or strong enoug,
to do somet,ing
Bo you feel up to ma"ing t,at long and ex,austing 'ourney2
!'e sientes capa7 de hacer ese largo y agotador viaje%
fen$ off

repel

(,e goal"eeper fended off most attac"s but $e could $in.
El ar"uero recha7 la mayora de los ata"ues pero pudimos
ganar.
ferre" ou"

searc, out,
find $it, difficulty

.t $as really ,ard but $e managed to ferret out t,e
information.
>ue realmente di3cil pero nos arreglamos para obtener la
in3ormacin.
fi$$le abou" %i"0

$aste time, fail to use
an opportunity
@ou $ill be late if you fiddle about $it, your ,air any longer.
0legar$s tarde si sigues perdiendo el tiempo con tu pelo.
fi-ure ou"

solve, understand

. can/t figure out $,at ,appened yesterday at t,e office.
No logro entender "u# ocurri ayer en la o3icina.
fi-ure up

calculate, compute

<an you figure t,e total cost up2
!uedes calcular el costo total%
file $o%n

smoot, or $ear by filing

(,e loc"smit, filed do$n my "ey so t,at it $ould fit t,e loc".
El cerrajero lim mi llave para "ue entrara en la cerradura.
fill in

add information,
complete (forms, etc
0lease fill in t,is form by tomorro$.
or 3avor llene este 3ormulario para ma(ana.
fill in for

substitute for, temporarily
do someone else/s $or"
Boris said s,e $ould fill in for me if . $as sic".
<oris dijo "ue me reempla7ara si me senta mareado.
25
fill in on

supply information t,at
someone doesn/t "no$

. couldn/t go to t,e Englis, class yesterday. <ould you fill me
in on $,at t,ey taug,t2
No pude ir a la clase de ingl#s ayer. !odras comentarme
"u# ense(aron%
fill ou"

3 complete (forms, etc by
adding required information
3 . filled out t,e form $it, all my personal data.
5omplet# el 3ormulario con todos mis datos personales.
5 become less t,in, plump
or fat, gain $eig,t

+aria used to be t,inner, but lately s,e ,as begun to fill out.
Mara sola ser m$s delgada pero =ltimamente ha subido de
peso (engordado).
fill up

3 ma"e full (forms, etc

3 Fill up t,is form according $it, t,e instructions.
5omplete este 3ormulario de acuerdo con las instrucciones.
5 fill completely, ma"e
completely full (a container

5 Fill up t,e glasses $it, *rgentine $ine and let us toast t,e
birt,day girlII
@@0lenemos las copas con vino argentino y brindemos por la
cumplea(eraAA.
fil"er ou"

become public
(by rumour, etc

(,e ne$s of 0auline/s divorce soon filtered out.
0as noticias del divorcio de auline enseguida se hicieron
p=blicas.
fin$ ou"

discover, learn

4ave you found out t,e title of t,e novel yet2
!9a averiguaste el ttulo de la novela%
fin$ ou" abou"

get information about

. found about ,is situation a minute ago.
Me enter# de su situacin hace un minuto.
finis0 up

3 end (separable
$,en transitive
3 (,e meeting finis,ed up $it, a concerto in t,e garden.
0a reunin 3inali7 con un concierto en el jardn.
5 end one/s career

B Fat,er finis,ed up by becoming Birector of Education.
ap$ termin (su carrera) siendo <irector de Educacin.
fire up

become angry
(colloquial
6andra fired up $,en ,er brot,er told ,er to leave.
-andra en3ureci cuando su hermano le dijo "ue se retirara.
fi" in %i"0

be suited to, be suitable,
be congenial
6,e doesn/t fit in $it, our group.
Ella no encaja en nuestro grupo.
fi5 up

3 repair

3 (,e mec,anic soon fixed up t,e car.
El mec$nico repar enseguida el automvil.
5 arrange, organise in
a suitable manner
5 1e must fix up t,e next meeting before $e leave.
'enemos "ue arreglar la pr1ima reunin antes de irnos.
fla2e ou"

burst suddenly into flame

(,e fire flamed out $,en t,e $ind arose.
El 3uego estall cuando se levant viento.
floo$ ou"

force to leave because
of flooding
($enty villagers $ere flooded out yesterday.
Geinte habitantes del pueblo 3ueron evacuados ayer.
26
fl/ bac1

return by air

(,ey $ill fly bac" on 6aturday afternoon.
Golar$n de regreso el s$bado por la tarde.
fl/ over

fly to $,ere someone is

*fter many invitations, my parents finally accepted and fle$
over to spend some time $it, us.
<espu#s de muchas invitaciones4 mis padres 3inalmente
aceptaron y volaron hasta a"u para pasar un tiempo con
nosotros..
fol$ up

bend or lay so t,at one part
covers t,e ot,er
0lease fold up t,e ne$spaper after reading it.
or 3avor dobla (pliega) el diario despu#s de leerlo.
follo% on

follo$ after an interval
(usually intransitive

0lease go a,ead. 1e $ill follo$ on $,en $e ,ave rested.
or 3avor continuen. Nosotros seguiremos cuando hayamos
descansado.
follo% up

pursue to a conclusion,
bring to a successful issue
Biana follo$ed up my recommendations and passed t,e
exam.
<iana sigui hasta el 3inal mis indicaciones y pas el e1amen.
fool aroun$ %i"0

not be serious,
,ave as a ,obby
4e li"es to fool around in cybercafes all day.
0e gusta pasar el tiempo en los ciberca3#s todo el da.
fri-0"en in"o

control by fear

(,e little girl frig,tened ,er brot,er into obeying ,er.
0a ni(a asustaba a su hermano oblig$ndolo a obedecerla.
fro%n on

disapprove of

*bsenteeism is fro$ned on in most companies.
El ausentismo es desaprobado en la mayora de las
empresas.
fu2ble abou" for

feel about uncertainly
$it, one/s ,ands
4e fumbled about for ,is "ey but it $asn/t in ,is poc"et.
2urg en busca de su llave pero no estaba en su bolsillo.
-e" abou"

move from place to place,
circulate

*lt,oug, s,e is over eig,ty, +rs. ;allon still gets about.
Aun"ue tiene m$s de ochenta a(os4 la -ra. *allon todava se
movili7a de un lado para el otro..
-e" across

ma"e understood,
communicate somet,ing
understandably

(,e *merican comedian found it difficult to get ,is 'o"es
across to t,e audience of *rgentinians.
Al comediante norteamericano le result di3cil hacer entender
sus chistes al p=blico de argentinos.
-e" a0ea$

advance, prosper,
ma"e progress
.f ,e ,as an aptitude for t,at 'ob, ,e is sure to get a,ead.
-i tiene condiciones para ese trabajo4 seguro "ue prosperar$.
-e" a"

reac,

(,e store $as so cro$ded, it $as ,ard to get at t,e food.
0a tienda estaba tan atestada "ue 3ue imposible acercarse la
comida.
-e" alon- %i"0

,ave a friendly relations,ip

0ablo insists t,at my dog doesn/t get along $it, ,is cat.
ablo insiste "ue mi perro no se lleva bien con su gato.
-e" aroun$

3 circulate. move about

3 4e is too old to get around no$.
9a est$ demasiado anciano para circular por ah.
5 evade, avoid doing
somet,ing
5 6,e al$ays gets around t,at topic about politics.
Ella siempre rehuye ese tema de poltica.
27
-e" a%a/

escape

. ,oo"ed a fis,, but it got a$ay.
Enganch# un pescado pero escap.
-e" a%a/ %i"0

do $it,out being caug,t
or punis,ed

4e got a$ay $it, being late for sc,ool.
-e "ued sin castigo (-e salv) por sus llegadas tarde a la
escuela.
-e" bac1

3 return ,ome

3 1,en did you get bac" from Capan2
!5u$ndo regresaste de +apn%
5 obtain bac"

5 . ,aven/t got my old bac" yet.
A=n no he recuperado (no me han devuelto) mi antiguo libro.
-e" b/

3 barely succeed

3 6,e studied 'ust ,ard enoug, to get by.
Estudi apenas lo necesario para aprobar.
5 manage, survive financially

5 (,e $,ole family ,ad to get by on t,e mot,er/s salary.
'oda la 3amilia se tuvo "ue arreglar con el sueldo de la
madre.
-e" $o%n

ma"e you feel depresessed
(colloquial
Bon/t let t,is ,orrible $eat,er get you do$n.
No permitas "ue este tiempo espantoso te deprima.
-e" $o%n "o

begin dealing seriously $it,,
become serious about

*fter a delicious meal bot, men got do$n to business.
<espu#s de una comida deliciosa los dos hombres se
concentraron en los negocios.
-e" in

3 arrive, enter (at a station,
at an air# terminal, at a port
3 1,at time does t,e bus from +ontevideo get in2
!A "u# hora llega el mnibus de Montevideo%
5 enter or board
a small ve,icle
5 1e got in t,e taxi and t,e driver started t,e engine.
Nos metimos en el ta1i y el conductor arranc el motor.
-e" in on

manage to participate in

. $ould love to get in on t,e decoration for your ne$ ,ouse.
Me encantara participar de la decoracin de tu nueva casa.
-e" in"o

become involved $it,

. don/t $ant to get into any argument $it, you.
No deseo involucrarme en ninguna discusin contigo.
-e" off


3 leave a ,orse, a bicycle or
public transportation (bus, train
3 (,ey got off t,e train at H pm.
-e bajaron del tren a las cinco de la tarde.
5 be excused for duty

5 +y sc,ool got :alentine/s Bay off. <an you believe it2
Mi escuela dio 3eriado por -an Galentn. !uedes creerlo%
7 avoid punis,ment for
someone
7 4e/s a terrible la$yer. 4e got t,e murderer off.
Es un abogado 3atal. 5onsigui la inocencia del asesino.
-e" on
3 board a big ve,icle
(bus, train
3 (,ey got on t,e bus as soon as it arrived.
-ubieron al mnibus tan pronto como lleg.
5 manage

5 4o$ is your sister getting on2
!5mo le van las cosas a tu hermana%
7 mount (a ,orse, a bi"e 7 4ere is your bi"e: get on and let/s go.
28
A"u est$ tu bicicleta, s=bete y vay$monos.
G gro$ older

G *nn is getting on. 6,e must be at least O=.
Ana est$ envejeciendo. <ebe tener m$s o menos MF.
-e" ou" of

3 leave a small ve,icle
(car, taxi
3 Jet out of your car and open t,e garage door.
*aja de tu auto y abre la puerta de la cochera.
5 escape ,aving a duty

5 . $as really but . could get out of giving my class today.
Estaba realmente cansada hoy pero pude escapar (a mi
obligacin) de dictar mi clase hoy.
-e" over %i"0

undergo, finis,
(usually separated

. ,ate dentists/ offices, so if . must visit one, . prefer to get it
over $it, as soon as possible.
)dio los consultorios de los dentistas4 de modo "ue si tengo
"ue ir a ver a uno pre3iero terminar con esto lo antes posible.
-e" over

3 recover from

+y $ife ,as not got over t,e flu yet.
Mi esposa no se ha recuperado de su gripe todava.
5 finis,

4er Englis, classes get over at 8 pm.
-us clases de ingl#s terminan a las seis de la tarde.
-e" ri$ of

3 t,ro$ a$ay

A1,y don/t you get rid of t,ese old papers and boo"s2A
6!or "u# no te sacas de encima estos diarios y libros%6
5 dismiss, fire

(,e manager $ill soon get rid of ,er. 6,e tal"s too muc,.
El gerente pronto se la sacar$ de encima. Ella habla mucho.
-e" "0rou-0

survive, finis,

. $on/t be able to get t,roug, $it, my pro'ect until +ay.
No podr# terminar mi proyecto hasta Mayo.
-e" "0rou-0 "o

be in or establis,
communication $it,
4ave you got t,roug, to +r. +orrison yet2
!9a te has comunicado con el -r. Morrison%
-e" "o-e"0er

meet for a social purpose

-ur family used to get toget,er to celebrate <,ristmas.
Nuestra 3amilia sola reunirse para celebrar Navidad.
-e" up

3 arise from bed

3 +y grandfat,er used to get up at six every day.
Mi abuelo solia levantarse a las seis todos los das.
5 rise to one/s feet

5 Everyone got up $,en s,e entered t,e room.
'odos se pusieron de pie cuando ella ingres a la habitacin.
-ive a%a/
3 give freely (separable

3 ;efore dying ,e gave all ,is money a$ay.
Antes de morir regal todo su dinero.
5 distribute

5 -+ 0ersonal gives a$ay prizes every mont,.
)M ersonal entrega premios todos los meses.
7 reveal

7 *lt,oug, . ,ad as"ed &uis not to do it, ,e gave a$ay my
secret during t,e meeting.
Aun"ue le haba pedido a 0uis "ue no lo hiciera4 revel mi
secreto durante la reunin.
29
G betray

G (,e secret agent $as given a$ay by a co#$or"er.
El agente secreto 3ue traicionado por un colaborador.
-ive bac1

return somet,ing to its o$ner

(oday . gave bac" t,e bicycle . ,ad borro$ed.
2oy devolv la bicileta "ue haba pedido prestada.
-ive in

3 admit defeat, surrender

3 (,e t,ief finally $ent to t,e 0olice and gave in.
>inalmente el ladrn 3ue a la olica y se entreg.
5 ,and papers, exams,
boo"s to anot,er person
5 A0lease, give in your examination papers no$A.
6or 3avor4 entreguen sus e1$menes ahora6.
-ive off

send out, emit

;oiled cabbage gives off an unpleasant odor.
El repollo hervido desprende un olor desagradable.
-ive ou"

distribute

1,o $ill ,elp me to give all t,ese boo"s out2
!Dui#n me va a ayudar a distribuir todos estos libros%
-ive up

3 surrender

3 (,e prisoners gave t,emselves up.
0os prisioneros se entregaron.
5 resign

5 (,e electrician gave up ,is 'ob to become a priest.
El electricista dej su trabajo para convertirse en sacerdote.
7 abandon

7 (ry to give up cigarettes and alco,ol.
'rata de dejar los cigarrillos y el alcohol.
-ive up on

stop trying

4elen ,as given up on suc, a terrible situation.
Elena ha abandonado la lucha en tan mala situacin.
-o a-ains"

oppose

Bon/t go against t,e rules. @ou must obey t,em.
No vayas en contra de las normas. 'ienes "ue respetarlas.
-o alon- %i"0

agree, not resist

./m $illing to go along $it, your idea. .t loo"s greatII
Estoy de acuerdo con tu idea. @@Es 3ant$sticaAA
-o bac1

return

<aptain +eyer decided to go bac" to +iami t,is summer.
El 5apit$n Meyer decidi regresar a Miami este verano.
-o bac1 on

brea" a promise,
fail to "eep one/s $ord
4e never goes bac" on ,is $ord.
Nunca se retracta de la palabra comprometida.
-o for

li"e a great deal

+ot,er really goes for blac" c,ocolate.
A mam$ le encanta realmente el chocolate negro.
-o in for

3 be interested in

3 4e preferred to go in for civil engineering.
El se interes por (se especiali7 en) ingeniera civil.
5 participate in

5 -ver H=,=== subscribers are going in for -+ 0ersonal
courses and tutorials.
M$s de JF.FFF suscriptores se encuentran participando de
los cursos y tutoriales de )M ersonal.
30
-o off

3 depart, leave

3 6,e $ent off $it,out saying goodbye.
-e 3ue sin decir adis.
5 explode

5 &uc"ily t,e time#bomb $ent off outside t,e station.
or suerte la bomba de tiempo estall 3uera de la estacin.
7 be successful (parties

7 (,e $edding party seemed to go off very $ell.
arece "ue la 3iesta de bodas tuvo mucho #1ito.
-o on

3 continue

3 0lease go on. Bon/t let me interrupt you.
or 3avor4 contin=a. No dejes "ue te interrumpa.
5 ,appen

5 1,at/s going on in t,is room today2
!Du# est$ pasando en esta habitacin hoy%
-o ou"

3 leave (a building, a room

3 . felt lonely after my parents ,ad gone out.
Me sent solo despu#s "ue mis padres se haban ido.
5 cease burning

5 (,e fire soon $ent out after $e t,re$ $ater on it.
El 3uego pronto se apag luego de haberle arrojado agua.
7 cease to be fas,ionable

7 &ong dresses ,ave gone out t,is year.
0os vestidos largos pasaron de moda este a(o.
G go on stri"e

G *ll t,e operators $et out on stri"e last $ee".
'odos los operadores hicieron huelga la semana pasada.
H recede

H (,e tide is going out.
0a marea est$ retrocediendo.
-o ou" %i"0

,ave a date $it,

+onica $ent out $it, <arlos and Culie for 9e$ @ear.
Mnica sali con 5arlos y +ulie para A(o Nuevo.
-o over

revie$

. $ould li"e to go over t,e report again.
Me gustara revisar el in3orme nuevamente.
-o "0rou-0

examine in detail

4ave you gone t,roug, t,e Canuary report2
!2as e1aminado en detalle el in3orme de enero%
-o "0rou-0 %i"0

fulfill, carry out, continue
until t,e end

(,e arc,itect $ent t,roug, $it, ,is controversial rounded
design for a ne$ ban".
El ar"uitecto continu hasta el 3inal con su controvertido
dise(o redondeado para un nuevo banco.
-o up

3 ascend

3 1e all $atc,ed t,e tourists going up t,e mountain.
'odos observamos a los turistas ascender la monta(a.
5 increase in price

5 !ents ,ave gone up greatly in t,e past t$o years.
0os al"uileres han subido muchsimo en los =ltimos dos a(os.
7 be built

7 +any factories ,ave gone up in t,e last decade.
-e han construido muchas 3$bricas en la =ltima d#cada.
31
-o %i"0

3 matc,, ,armonize $it,,
loo" good $it,

3 (,ose leat,er s,oes don/t go $it, your sports outfit.
Esos 7apatos de cuero no "uedan bien con tu conjunto
deportivo.
5 date regularly

5 6usana is going $it, !obert, isn/t s,e2
-usana sale con Robert4 !no es cierto%
-o %i"0ou"

abstain from

. $ill ,ave to go $it,out any vacation next summer.
'endr# "ue pasar sin vacaciones el pr1imo verano.
-oof off

be lazy

./m going to goof off all t,e afternoon.
Goy a hacer 3iaca (pere7a) toda la tarde.
-ro% on

become more attractive to

./m sure t,e idea of a ;razilian tour $ill gro$ on you.
Estoy seguro "ue la idea de una e1cursin por *rasil te
atraer$.
-ro% ou" of become too big for +y son ,as gro$n out of most of ,is clot,es.
-ro% up

3 become an adult, mature

3 4e $ants to be a pilot $,en ,e gro$s up.
Duiere ser piloto cuando madure.
5 arise, develop (legends,
traditions, customs
5 *nd so t,e legend of 6anta <laus gre$ up.
9 as 3ue como se desarroll la leyenda de -anta 5laus.
-uar$ a-ains"

ta"e precautions

9ort, *merican people guarded against possible attac"s.
0os norteamericanos tomaron precauciones ante eventuales
ata"ues.
0an$ $o%n

leave as an in,eritance

(,ese traditions are ,anded do$n from fat,er to son.
Estas tradiciones son transmitidas de padres a hijos.
0an$ in

submit assignment or
,ome$or", give in by ,and to
t,e proper person or aut,ority

@esterday my boss ,anded in ,is resignation to Br. 6,ofer,
t,e company/s president..
Ayer mi je3e entreg en mano su renuncia al <r. -ho3er4
presidente de la compa(a.
0an$ on

give to someone else

1ill you please ,and on t,is message to +iguel2
or 3avor4 !puedes entregarle este mensaje a Miguel%
0an$ ou"

distribute

. en'oy ,anding out gifts to my relatives on <,ristmas Bay.
Me encanta repartir regalos entre mis parientes en Navidad.
0an$ over

transfer

6trange to say, t,e enemy finally ,anded over t,e to$n to its
in,abitants.
or e1tra(o "ue pare7ca4 3inalmente el enemigo entreg la
ciudad a sus habitantes.
0an$ roun$

s,o$ round

!obert ,anded round t,e letter ,e ,ad 'ust received.
Roberto hi7o circular la carta "ue acababa de recibir.
0an- abou" 6.S7
0an- aroun$ 6.87

remain idly in t,e vicinity of

(,ere are lots of men ,anging about at street corners for t,e
pubs to open.
2ay muchos hombres dando vueltas en las es"uinas
esperando "ue abran los boliches..
0an- bac1 be reluctant, ,esitate to act 1,en +r. Eell as"ed for t$o volunteers, *na ,ang bac".
32

5uando el -r. ;ell pidi dos voluntarios4 Ana se mostr
reacia.
0an- on

continue to do somet,ing
(in connection $it, $aiting
A<an you ,ang on $,ile . c,ange my clot,es2A.
6!odras seguir en el puesto mientras me cambio de ropa%6
0an- on "o

"eep, retain

. $ould ,ang on to t,at old briefcase if . $ere you. .t mig,t
prove to be very useful.
En tu lugar4 yo me "uedara con ese antiguo porta3olios.
odra resultar muy =til.
0an- ou"

lean for$ards or do$n$ards

<an you see t,at car2 .s t,at a dog ,anging out2
!Ges ese auto% !No es un perro colgando de #l%
0an- up

3 delay (generally used
in passive

3 6orry for being late. . $as ,ung up in a traffic 'am.
<isc=lpame por llegar tarde. Dued# atascado en un
embotellamiento.
5 finis, a telep,one call
by ,anging up t,e receiver
5 *fter receiving a busy signal, . ,ung up t,e p,one.
<espu#s de recibir se(al de ocupado colgu# el tel#3ono.
0ave in

invite someone in

(,e Jreens ,ad t,e doctor in to see t,eir son.
0os Kreen hicieron pasar al m#dico para "ue viera a su hijo.
0ave on

$ear, be dressed in

4e ,ad ,is best suit on.
0levaba puesto su mejor traje.
0ave ou"

ta"e out

+y toot, $as ac,ing so muc, t,at . ,ad to ,ave it out.
El diente me dola tanto "ue tuve "ue hacerlo e1traer.
0ave "o $o %i"0

be about

(,is ne$ section ,as to do $it, t,e use of 0,rasal :erbs.
Esta nueva seccin trata sobre el uso de los Gerbos >rasales.
0eap up

put in a ,eap, amass

4e ,eaped up great $ealt, $,ile ,e $as abroad.
Amas una gran 3ortuna mientras estaba en el e1terior.
0ear fro2

receive a communication
from someone
1e 'ust ,eard from &ucy $,en s,e arrived in ;oston.
Reci#n supimos de 0ucy cuando lleg a *oston.
0ear of

learn about

*ctress &orna Eeller2 ./ve never ,eard of ,er.
!0a actri7 0orna ;eller% +am$s escuch# hablar acerca de
ella.
0ear ou"

listen to someone until
,e ,as finis,ed (usually
separated
Bon/t ma"e any decision yet: please, ,ear me out.
No tomes ninguna decisin todava, por 3avor4 esc=chame sin
interrumpir.
0elp on


3 encourage

3 (,an"s messages ,elp -+ 0ersonal on day after day.
0os mensajes de agradecimiento estimulan (alientan) a )M
ersonal da tras da.
5 ,elp someone to put
somet,ing on (usually
separated

5 . ,elped +ariana on $it, t,e ,eavy coat s,e ,ad boug,t
t,e day before.
0e ayud# a Mariana a vestirse el pesado abrigo "ue haba
comprado el da anterior.
0elp ou" ,elp someone 0lease, ,elp me out $it, t,e dis,es.
33
(usually separated or 3avor4 ay=dame con los platos.
0in-e on

depend on

(,is trip ,inges on my $ife/s decision.
Este viaje depende de la decisin de mi esposa.
0i" off

imitate, mimic

(,ere are some comedians $,o can ,it off many film#stars
perfectly.
2ay algunos comediantes "ue logran imitar a la per3eccin
a muchas estrellas de cine.
0i" on

discover accidentally

4e ,it on a plan for ma"ing money easily.
<escubri un m#todo para hacer dinero 3$cilmente.
0ol$ a-ains"

blame for

0lease don/t ,old all my mista"es against me.
or 3avor4 no me eches la culpa de todos mis errores.
0ol$ bac1


3 restrain

3 4e $as so impatient t,at . couldn/t ,old ,im bac".
Era tan impaciente "ue no logr# contenerlo.
5 conceal

5 . am sure ,e is ,olding somet,ing bac".
Estoy seguro "ue #l est$ ocultando algo.
7 ,esitate

7 +any people ,eld bac" $,en t,e man as"ed for volunteers.
Mucha gente vacil cuando el hombre solicit voluntarios.
0ol$ $o%n

"eep do$n

4e ,eld ,is ,ead do$n in s,ame.
Mantuvo la cabe7a baja por vergNen7a.
0ol$ off

delay in doing somet,ing

(,e 0resident ,eld off ,is departure until next 6aturday.
El residente demor su partida hasta el pr1imo s$bado.
0ol$ on

3 $ait $,ile telep,oning

3 4old on a moment, please.
Aguarde un momento en lnea4 por 3avor.
5 continue, proceed

5 (,e export of cotton ,eld on for many years after t,e $ar.
0a e1portacin de algodn se mantuvo durante muchos a(os
despu#s de la guerra.
7 grasp tig,tly

7 0lease, ,old on t,is glass $,ile . fill it up.
or 3avor4 sost#n 3irme esta copa mientras la lleno.
0ol$ on "o

ad,ere, "eep

*lt,oug, +anuela lives in Eorea no$, s,e still ,olds on to ,er
*rgentinian customs.
Aun"ue Manuela vive en 5orea ahora4 todava se mantiene
3iel a sus h$bitos argentinos.
0ol$ ou"

3 persist

3 (,e survivors $ill not be able to ,old out muc, longer.
0os sobrevivientes no lograr$n resistir mucho tiempo m$s.
5 last

5 (,eir rations $ill not ,old out for more t,an t$o days.
-us raciones no durar$n m$s de dos das.
0ol$ up
3 raise, "eep up, lift to a
,ig,er#t,an#normal position
3 4old up your left arm.
0evante su bra7o i7"uierdo.
34

5 delay

5 (,e train $as ,eld up on account of t,e floods.
El tren 3ue demorado debido a las inundaciones.
7 stop and rob (bus, train

7 (,e robbers ,eld t,e bus up.
0os ladrones detuvieron el mnibus para robar.
0un" $o%n

persecute

(,e 0olice attempted to ,unt do$n t,e criminals.
0a olica intent perseguir a los criminales.
0urr/ up

act quic"ly

4urry upII -ur train is leaving in ten minutes.
@@Ap=rateAA Nuestro tren sale en die7 minutos.
0us0 up

"eep an affair secret
by being silent
(,e actor tried to ,us, up t,e scandal but ,e couldn/t.
El actor intent ocultar el esc$ndalo pero no lo logr.
i$le a%a/ $aste (time, etc. in idleness

Een idled a$ay ,is time until ,e got a 'ob in t,e plant.
;en se la pas perdiendo el tiempo hasta "ue consigui un
trabajo en la 3$brica.
in9uire abou"

as" for information about ;efore t,e race many people inquired about t,e ,orses.
Antes de la carrera mucha gente averigu (consult4 busc
in3ormacin) sobre los caballos.
in9uire af"er as" about somebody/s
,ealt,, $elfare, etc.
9obody inquired after t,e c,ild/s ,ealt, in all ,is years.
Nadie pregunt por la salud del pe"ue(o en todos estos
a(os.
in9uire in"o investigate Every student $ill ,ave to inquire into a variety of grammar
topics for t,is final exam.
ara este e1amen 3inal los estudiantes tendr$n "ue
investigar una serie de temas gramaticales.
in9uire of see" information about (,e detective tried to inquire of Br. Balmon/s murder.
El detective trat de buscar in3ormacin sobre el asesinato
del <r. <almon.
invi"e in as" someone into one/s
,ouse, a room, etc.
4e invited t,e stranger in and gave ,im a meal.
2i7o pasar al e1tra(o y le o3reci comida.
invi"e ou" as" someone to go out to a
party, a meal, movies, etc.
1e ,ave been invited out to &uciana/s birt,day.
2emos sido invitados al cumplea(os de 0uciana.
iron ou" remove, ma"e smoot,
(problems, difficulties
Finally, ,usband and $ife ironed out t,eir problems
toget,er.
>inalmente4 marido y mujer resolvieron juntos sus
problemas.
:ac1 up lift $it, a 'ac" 4erbert 'ac"ed up t,e car and c,anged $,eels.
2erbert levant el auto (con el cric) y cambi la rueda.
:o- alon-

proceed quietly and slo$ly (om is not brilliant. 4e 'ust 'ogs along in ,is $or".
'om$s no es brillante. -implemente se toma su tiempo
para reali7ar su trabajo.
:oin in %i"0 s,are $it, . decided to 'oin in $it, t,em $,en t,ey said t,ey $ere
35
going to buy a yac,t.
<ecid compartir el gasto con ellos cuando dijeron "ue iban
a comprar un yate.
:oin up enlist in t,e *rmy, 9avy
or *ir Force
1,en t,ey $ere very young, +anuel and ,is brot,er
decided to 'oin up and fig,t for t,eir country.
5uando eran muy jvenes4 Manuel y su hermano
decidieron alistarse para pelear por su patria.
1eep a"

persevere at

Eeep at itI 0ersist in $,at you are doingI
@<aleA (@erseveraA) @5ontin=a en lo "ue est$s haciendoA
1eep a%a/ fro2

avoid coming near,
stay a$ay from
(,e angry $oman s,outed t,e t,ief to "eep a$ay from ,er.
0a mujer enojada le grit al ladrn "ue se alejara de ella.
1eep bac1

3 conceal

3 (,ey discovered t,at t,e boy $as "eeping somet,ing bac".
<etectaron "ue el muchacho estaba ocultando algo.
5 restrain, ,inder

5 *n urgent meeting at t,e office "ept me bac".
Me retuvo una reunin urgente en la o3icina.
7 not come for$ard,
stay bac"
7 0lease, try to "eep bac". (,is fire is dangerous.
or 3avor4 "u#date atr$s. Este 3uego es peligroso.
1eep bac1 fro2

stay a$ay from

Eeep bac" from t,e edge of t,e platform. (,e train is coming.
Al#jate del borde de la plata3orma. Est$ llegando el tren.
1eep $o%n

3 lie lo$, crouc,

3 Eeep do$n or t,ey $ill see you.
Ag$chate ("u#date abajo) o te ver$n.
5 sub'ect, repress

5 (,is country ,as been "ept do$n for several decades.
Este pas ha permanecido sometido durante varias d#cadas.
1eep in

3 confine, detain

3 (,e teac,er "ept ,im in for t$o ,ours after sc,ool.
El pro3esor lo retuvo durante dos horas despu#s de la
escuela.
5 allo$ to continue burning

5 Eeep t,e fire in until . return.
Mant#n el 3uego encendido hasta "ue regrese.
1eep in %i"0

continue on good terms
$it, someone
.t/s advisable to "eep in $it, your boss.
Es aconsejable andar bien con tu je3e.
1eep off

3 stay a$ay

3 Eeep off from t,e grass.
Mant#ngase alejado del c#sped (No pise el c#sped).
5 stay at a distance,
not near
5 .f t,e rain "eeps off $e could play in t,e garden.
-i la lluvia se mantiene alejada podramos jugar en el jardn.
1eep on

persist in, continue
(follo$ed by an ing verb
4elen "ept on c,anging t,e topic of our conversation.
2elen insisti en cambiar el tema de nuestra charla.
36
1eep on a"

$orry, snag,
scold someone

1,y do you persist in "eeping on at Fernando so muc,2 4e
,as not ,urt you.
!or "u# insistes tanto en reprender a >ernando% No te ha
da(ado.
1eep ou"

3 prevent people or t,ings
from entering

3 (,e 'anitor in our building is good at "eeping strangers out.
El encargado de nuestro edi3icio es bueno para mantener
alejados a los intrusos.
5 stay outside

5 Eeep outII <an/t you read t,e sign on t,e door2
@Al#jateAA !No lees el cartel sobre la puerta%
1eep "o

ad,ere to

(,is train al$ays "eeps to t,e sc,edule.
Este tren siempre cumple (respeta) el horario.
1eep up %i"0


3 go for$ard at an equal pace

3 0lease, $al" more slo$ly. . can/t "eep up $it, you.
or 3avor4 camina m$s despacio. No puedo alcan7arte.
5 learn as muc, as

5 4erbert can/t "ee" up $it, t,e rest of t,e class.
2erbert no puede emparejarse con (ponerse al mismo nivel
"ue) el resto de la clase.
7 compete $it,
(as indicating social status
7 1e are not trying to "eep up $it, t,e Coneses.
No estamos tratando de competir con la 3amilia +ones.
1e/ up

excite, stimulate

-+ 0ersonal visitors are al$ays "eyed up for interesting
prizes at our -+ &uc"y section.
0os visitantes de )M ersonal siempre se estimulan con los
interesantes premios de nuestra seccin )M 0ucOy.
1ic1 off

start a game by giving
t,e first "ic"
-ur team "ic"ed off at 7 pm.
Nuestro e"uipo dio el puntapi# inicial a las tres de la tarde.
1ic1 ou"

fire, expel, dismiss,
force someone to leave
@esterday t,e manager "ic"ed t,e salescler" out.
Ayer el gerente despidi (ech) al vendedor.
1ic1 up

cause a noise or disturbance


6,e "ic"ed suc, a fuss $,en ,er ,usband returned ,ome so
late at nig,t.
Ella hi7o gran esc$ndalo cuando su esposo regres tan tarde
de noche.
1ill off

exterminate, get rid of
in large numbers
(,is ne$ insecticide "ills off all t,e pests.
Este nuevo insecticida mata todos los insectos.
1ni" up

restore, repair

. ,ope $e can "nit t,e old partners,ip up: it $ould be a pity to
separate no$.
Espero "ue podamos restablecer (recuperar) la vieja
sociedad, sera una pena separarnos ahora.
1noc1 abou"

$ander

(,e tourist said ,e ,ad "noc"ed about all over t,e $orld.
El turista dijo "ue haba andado por todo el mundo.
,it again and againD
treat roug,ly
(,e ne$ furniture $as "noc"ed about during transportation.
0os muebles nuevos 3ueron golpeados durante el transporte.
37
1noc1 $o%n

3 "noc" someone to t,e
ground
3 (,e boxer soon "noc"ed ,is opponent do$n.
El bo1eador pronto derrib a su adversario.
5 destroy

5 (,e arc,itects ,ave started to "noc" t,e old ,ouse do$n.
0os ar"uitectos han comen7ado a derribar la vieja casa.
7 force someone
to lo$er a price

7 . $anted 7,=== dollars for my car, but t,e customer
"noc"ed me do$n to 5,H== dollars.
9o "uera I.FFF dlares por mi automvil pero el cliente me lo
hi7o bajar a B.JFF dlares.
1noc1 $o%n "o

sell somet,ing to someone
$,o ,as bid in an auction

(,e auctioneer "noc"ed do$n t,e old c,ina vase to me $,en
t,e bidding ,ad reac,ed only one ,undred dollars.
El rematador me vendi el antiguo 3lorero de porcelana
cuando las o3ertas apenas haban alcan7ado los cien
dlares.
1noc1 in

,it somet,ing

Enoc" t,is nail in, please. . $ant to ,ang t,is picture.
5oloca este clavo4 por 3avor. Duiero colgar este cuadro.
1noc1 off

3 stop $or"ing (colloquial

3 (,e $or"men "noc"ed off at five o/cloc".
0os obreros dejaron de trabajar a las cinco en punto.
5 compose ,astily

5 &orena "noc"ed t,e poem off in ten minutes.
0orena compuso el poema en apenas die7 minutos.
7 deduct

7 +art,a as"ed t,e s,op"eeper if ,e could "noc" off ten
dollars from t,e list price.
Martha le pregunt al vendedor si podra descontarle (hacerle
una rebaja de) die7 dlares sobre el precio del lista.
1noc1 oneself ou"

$or" muc, ,arder t,an
expected
. "noc"ed Coe ;urlington out in t,e fift, round.
0o dej# nocaut a +oe *urlington en la "uinta vuelta.
1noc1 ou"

ma"e someone unconscious

. "noc"ed Coe ;urlington out in t,e fift, round.
0o dej# nocaut a +oe *urlington en la "uinta vuelta.
1noc1 over

turn over

(,e cat "noc"ed over our expensive flo$er vase.
El gato volte nuestro costoso 3lorero.
1noc1 up

ex,aust

(,e ,i"ers $ere "noc"ed up after t,eir long $al" in t,e *lps.
0os mochileros "uedaron agotados despu#s de su larga
caminata en los Alpes.
1nuc1le $o%n "o


$or" very ,ard

1e really "nuc"led do$n but t,e ne$ paint in t,e "itc,en
loo"s great no$.
Realmente trabajamos duro pero la nueva pintura de la
cocina luce 3ant$stica.
1nuc1le un$er "o

submit to, yield to

(,e mayor ,ad "nuc"le under to t,e aut,ority in government.
El alcalde tuvo "ue ceder ante la autoridad gubernamental.
lap up

3 accept eagerly

3 (,e public lapped up t,e story.
El p=blico se trag la historia.
5 ta"e up $it, t,e tongue 5 (,e cat lapped up all t,e mil" in t,e saucer.
38
El gato lami toda la leche del plato.
lau-0 a"

moc", ma"e fun of

Bon/t laug, at my sonI, t,e $oman s,outed at us.
@No ser ran de mi hijoA4 nos grit la mujer.
launc0 in"o

start $it, vigor

4e launc,ed into a very long explanation.
Empe7 vigorosamente a dar una larga e1plicacin.
la/ before

present to

1e $ill lay t,e evidence before t,e court.
E1pondremos la evidencia ante la corte.
la/ in


store up for future use

+any of t,e farmers laid in provisions for a bad $inter.
Muchos de los granjeros almacenaron provisiones para un
mal invierno.
la/ off

fire, dismiss, put out of $or"
because of lac" of $or" or
money

(,is Capanese company laid off six ,undred $or"ers last
mont, because of lac" of $or".
Esta empresa japonesa despidi a seiscientos operarios el
mesa pasado debido a la 3alta de trabajo.
la/ ou"

3 lay out in a line, arrange

3 6,e laid out ,er clot,es for t,e ceremony.
Ella orden (dispuso) sus ropas para la ceremonia.
5 get ready for a particular
purpose or event
5 (,e assistant laid out t,e tools for t,e surgery.
El asistente prepar el instrumental para la operacin.
7 provide a detailed plan
or design
7 6,e laid out ,er plans for a roc" garden in t,e ,ouse.
Ella reali7 los dise(os de un jardn de rocas para de la casa.
lea$ up "o

be a preparation for

(,e first c,apters of ,is boo" lead up to t,e full story.
0os primeros captulos de su libro anticipan toda la historia.
leaf "0rou-0

turn t,e pages

6,eila leafed idly t,roug, t,e big volume.
-heila hoje sin apuro el enorme volumen.
leave be0in$

not bring, go a$ay $it,out,
leave
.t/s raining and . left my umbrella be,indII
@@0lueve y olvid# traer mi paraguasAA
leave ou"

omit, forget

(,ey ,ad left my name out in t,e examinations list.
2aban omitido mi nombre en la lista de e1$menes.
le" $o%n

disappoint or fail someone

Jeorge let me do$n $,en ,e refused to lend me t,e money.
Keorge me decepcion cuando rehus prestarme dinero.
le" in

admit, allo$ to enter

1e let t,em in alt,oug, it $as very late.
0os dejamos entrar a pesar de "ue era muy tarde.
le" in on

reveal, s,are a secret
(al$ays separated
Un"no$ingly s,e let t,em in on t,e secret.
-in darse cuenta ella les revel el secreto.
le" in"o

allo$ to s,are

6,all $e let you parents into t,e secret2
!0es revelaremos el secreto a tus padres%
39
le" off

3 allo$ to leave $it,out
punis,ment
3 (,e magistrate let t,e boy off $it, a serious $arning..
El magistrado dej ir al muchacho con una seria advertencia.
5 explode

5 *rgentinians love to let off fire$or"s on <,ristmas season.
A los argentinos les encanta e1plotar 3uegos arti3iciales para
la #poca de Navidad.
le" ou"


3 allo$ to go out

3 9orma let ,er "id out on suc, a nice day.
Norma permiti salir a su chico con un da tan agradable.
5 divulgue, disclose

5 1,y did you let t,e secret out2
!or "u# divulgaste el secreto%
7 extend, loosen

7 (,e tailor let out t,e dress as it $as too tig,t.
El sastre ensanch el vestido por"ue era muy ajustado.
le" up


3 diminis,, become less
intense (colloquial
3 (,e pain ,as let up since . began to ta"e t,ese tablets.
El dolor comen7 a ceder desde "ue tomo estos
comprimidos.
5 ma"e less effort (colloquial

5 (,e teac,er as"ed t,e boys not to let up until t,e exam.
El pro3esor les pidio a los muchachos "ue no a3lojaran hasta
el e1amen.
level off

stop rising

0rices finally ,ave leveled off.
>inalmente los precios se han estabili7ado.
lie $o%n

assume a reclining position

Jo ,ome and lie do$n on t,e bed until you feel better.
G#te a casa y recu#state en la cama hasta "ue sentirte mejor.
live $o%n

live so t,at past faults
are forgotten

4o$ did t,e actress manage to live do$n t,e scandal t,at
surrounded all ,er life2
!5mo hi7o la actri7 para sobrellevar el esc$ndalo "ue rode
toda su vida%
live on

survive using

1,at did you live on2
!<e "u# vives%
live up "o

maintain a standard

6,e ,as lived up to ,er reputation as a singer.
Ella ha vivido de acuerdo con su 3ama de cantante.
lo- off

brea" contact $it,
a computer system

(,e system $as overloaded, so . ,ad to log off.
El sistema estaba sobrecargado4 por lo tanto tuve "ue salir
de sesin.
lo- on "o

contact a computer

6,e logged on to t,e ne$ system.
Ella entr en sesin con el nuevo sistema.
lo- on

contact a computer

Bo you "no$ ,o$ to log on2
!-abes cmo entrar en sesin%
loo1 af"er

$atc,, ta"e care of

+rs. !eston, t,an"s for loo"ing after my baby tonig,t.
-ra. Reston4 gracias por cuidar a mi beb# esta noche.
40
loo1 bac1 on

recall, remember,
reflect on
(,e old man loo"ed bac" on t,e days of ,is yout,.
El anciano record los das de su juventud.
loo1 $o%n on

regard as inferior,
loo" $it, disdain

+artin is an arrogant professor. 4e al$ays loo"s do$n on t,e
students $,o don/t catc, on immediately.
Martin es un pro3esor arrogante. -iempre menosprecia a los
estudiantes "ue no entienden r$pidamente.
loo1 for

try to locate or discover

./m loo"ing for a ne$ 'ob. *ny good advertisements today2
Estoy buscando un nuevo trabajo. !2ay alg=n buen aviso
hoy%
loo1 for%ar$ "o

anticipate $it, pleasure

./m loo"ing for$ard to my ,olidays.
Estoy esperando (ansiosamente) mis vacaciones.
loo1 in on

visit to c,ec" somet,ing

Cenny ,as 'ust come bac" from Europe. ./m going to loo" in on
,er today to see ,o$ ,appy s,e is.
+enny acaba de regresar de Europa. Goy a pasar por su casa
para ver lo 3eli7 "ue est$.
loo1 in"o

investigate, get more details

4e promised us to loo" into t,is difficult situation.
Nos prometi investigar esta complicada situacin.
loo1 li1e

resemble in appearance

Boes t,e ne$ baby loo" li"e 4elen or !obert2
!-e parece el nuevo beb# a 2elen o a Robert%
loo1 ou" for

$atc, for

&oo" out for fallen branc,es and sna"es in t,is area.
'en cuidado con las ramas cadas y las vboras en esta 7ona.
loo1 over

c,ec", revie$

(,ere may be some mista"es in my report. <ould you loo" it
over2
uede haber algunos errores en mi in3orme !odras echarle
una ojeada (revisarlo)%
loo1 "0rou-0

examine quic"ly

(,ey loo"ed t,roug, t,e magazines $,ile t,ey $ere $aiting.
2ojeaban las revistas mientras esperaban.
loo1 up

find information

1e loo"ed up t,e ne$ $ord in a dictionary.
*uscamos la nueva palabra en un diccionario.
loo1 up "o

admire, respect

*t -+ 0ersonal $e loo" up to our visitors/ effort to learn or
improve t,eir Englis, day after day.
En )M ersonal valoramos el es3uer7o de nuestros visitantes
por aprender o mejorar su ingl#s da tras da.
luc1 ou"

be unexpectedly luc"y

. $as $orried because . $asn/t $ell prepared to ta"e my
(-EF& but finally . luc"ed out because t,e exam $as
cancelled.
9o estaba preocupado por"ue no estaba bien preparado para
rendir mi ')E>0 pero 3inalmente me salv# (tuve una suerte
inesperada) cuando el e1amen 3ue cancelado.
2a1e a%a/

,urry a$ay

1,ile t,e ot,ers $ere arguing . made a$ay on my bi"e.
Mientras los otros seguan discutiendo me 3ui en mi bicicleta.
41
5 ,ide

5 (,e boy made a$ay $it, t,e bro"en vase before ,is
mot,er came bac" ,ome.
El muchacho ocult el 3lorero roto antes "ue su madre
regresara a casa.
7 "ill

7 (,e un,appy old lady tried to ma"e a$ay $it, ,erself.
0a desdichada anciana intent terminar consigo.
2a1e for

3 go in t,e direction of

3 .t/s late. 1e/d better turn and ma"e for ,ome.
Es tarde. Mejor demos vuelta y vayamos en direccin a casa.
5 attac", go for,
rus, violently at

5 1,en . $as ,alf$ay across t,e field a bull made for me and
. ,ad to run.
5uando me encontraba en medio del campo a toro me atac
y tuve "ue correr.
2a1e fun of

ma"e un"ind 'o"es about

(,ey ,urt ,er feelings $,en t,ey made fun of ,er.
0a hirieron cuando se burlaron (mo3aron) de ella.
2a1e of

understand

<an you ma"e anyt,ing of t,is message2
!uedes entender algo de este mensaje%
2a1e off %i"0

run a$ay $it,

1,ile . $as bat,ing, someone made off $it, all my clot,es.
Mientras me estaba ba(ando alguien escap con todas mis
ropas.
2a1e ou"

3 dra$ up a document

3 +y fat,er made out a c,eque for me to buy t,e camera.
Mi padre me e1tendi un che"ue para comprar la c$mara.
5 understand

5 . can/t ma"e out $,at ,e is trying to say.
No logro entender "u# est$ tratando de decirnos.
7 see, distinguis,,
recognise

7 6omeone is coming do$n t,e mountain, but . can/t ma"e
out $,o it is.
Alguien est$ descendiendo de la monta(a pero no puedo
distinguir de "ui#n se trata.
G manage (colloquial

G 4o$ did t,e c,ildren ma"e out $,ile t,eir mot,er $as out2
!5mo se arreglaron los chicos mientras su madre no
estuvo%
H imply

H 6everal people tried to ma"e out t,at +artin $as a traitor.
Algunos dieron a entender "ue Martin era un traidor.
8 pretend

8 (,ey $ere al$ays as"ing for money and ma"ing out t,at
t,ey $ere bro"e.
-iempre estaban pidiendo dinero y 3ingiendo "ue estaban sin
un centavo.
2a1e over

transfer formally

(,ey made over all t,eir property to t,eir son in .taly.
0e trans3irieron todas sus propiedades a su hijo en 8talia.
2a1e up
3 invent, create imaginary
information
3 4e made up an incredible story about ,is vacation.
8nvent una increble historia sobre sus vacaciones.
5 apply cosmetics

5 6andra made up very carefully before meeting ,er
boyfriend.
-andra se ma"uill muy cuidadosamente antes de
42
encontrarse con su novio.
7 compensate

7 . couldn/t come for t,e test. +ay . ma"e it up today2.
No pude venir para el e1amen. !uedo compensarlo hoy%
G end a quarrel or
misunderstanding
G (,ey quarrel every morning and ma"e it up every evening.
-e pelean por la ma(ana y se amigan por la tarde.
2a1e up for

compensate for

6,e tried to ma"e up for ,er past mista"es but it $as too late.
'rat de compensar sus errores del pasado pero ya era tarde.
2a1e up "o

flatter, ma"e friendly
approac,es to (colloquial
(om used to ma"e up to ,is sister $,enever ,e needed
money.
'om sola adular a su hermana cuando necesitaba dinero.
2a1e up %i"0

re#establis, a relations,ip
end a quarrel
*fter t,e misunderstanding, &uis made up $it, !aquel.
0uego del malentendido4 0uis hi7o se reconcili con Ra"uel.
2ar1 $o%n

3 mar" goods at a lo$er price,
reduce t,e price
3 -+ 0ersonal <Bs ,ave been mar"ed do$n by 7=P.
0os 5<s de )M ersonal han sido rebajados en un IFP.
5 ma"e a note of in $riting

5 +ar" t,is number do$n: G73#5H8M. .t/s Eim/s p,one
number.
Anota este n=mero, QI.&BJC/. Es el tel#3ono de ;im.
2ar1 off

separate by mar"ing

(,ey $ill mar" off t,e playing field tomorro$.
Ma(ana marcar$n las divisiones en el campo de juego.
2ar1 ou"

mar" lines s,o$ing limits
or boundaries
;ill and Ed$in ,ave already mar"ed out t,e tennis courts.
*ill y Ed?in ya han marcado las canchas de tenis.
2ar1 up

increase t,e price for resale

&iza is doing a lot of money. 6,e buys inexpensive dresses
in (ai$an and t,en mar"s t,em up.
0i7a est$ haciendo mucho dibnero. 5ompra vestidos a bajo
precio en 'ai?an y liego los remarca (sube de precio).
2iss ou"

omit

(,e student ans$ered t,e questions correctly, but missed out
t,e sixt, one.
El estudiante respondi correctamente las preguntas pero
omiti la se1ta.
2i5 up

confuse

(,is boy al$ays tries to mix up t,e teac,er by as"ing
irrelevant questions.
Este muchacho siempre trata de con3undir al pro3esor
haciendo preguntas irrelevantes.
2op up

$ipe up

+olly, pleaseII +op up t,at pool of $ater in t,e bat,room.
@@or 3avor4 MollyAA -eca (pasa un trapo de piso a) ese charco
de agua en el ba(o.
2oun" up

rise

-ur bills soon mounted up at t,at expensive ,otel.
Nuestras cuentas enseguida subieron en un hotel tan caro.
2ove alon-

move fart,er in t,e
direction indicated
A+ove along, pleaseA, said t,e bus driver.
65rranse4 por 3avor64 dijo el conductor del mnibus.
43
2ove in

ta"e possession of
living quarters
1,en are you moving in to your ne$ apartment2
!5u$ndo te vas a mudar a tu nuevo departamento%
2ove on

move to anot,er place

* policeman moved on my car.
Ln agente de polica movi (cambi de lugar) mi automvil.
2ove ou"

give up possession of
living quarters
&eila moved out yesterday and s,e is really ex,austed no$.
0eila se mud ayer y ahora est$ realmente agotada.
2u$$le up

mix up

./m all muddled up no$ after your attempt to explain 0assive
:oice and !eported 6peec, to me.
Estoy totalmente con3undido ahora luego de tu intento de
e1plicarme Go7 asiva y 0enguaje 8ndirecto.
2us"er up

collect, gat,er toget,er

@ou $ill ,ave to muster up all your courage for t,is ,ard tas".
'endr$s "ue juntar coraje para reali7ar esta di3cil tarea.
narro% $o%n

reduce

(,e suspects no$ ,ave been narro$ed do$n to t,ree.
Ahora los sospechosos han sido reducidos a tres.
nip alon-

,urry (colloquial

(,e small car nipped along at sixty miles an ,our.
El pe"ue(o automvil se mova a sesenta millas por hora.
nip in

enter quic"ly before
someone else (colloquial
1,en ,e sa$ t,e door open, 4enry/s cat nipped in.
5uando vio la puerta abierta el gato de 2enry se meti.
nip off

leave, go a$ay (colloquial

./m really sorry but . $ill ,ave to nip off soon.
0o siento realmente pero pronto tendr# "ue irme.
nip ou"

go out for a s,ort time
(colloquial
1e all decided to nip out for fres, air.
'odos decidimos salir en busca de un poco de aire 3resco.
no$ off

fall sleep

4alf t,e bus passengers $ere nodding off.
0a mitad de los pasajeros en el mnibus estaban dormitando.
nose ou"

find out, ascertain
(colloquial
+rs. Ferling nosed out t,e cause of t,e rumour.
0a -ra. >erling averigu la causa del rumor.
nu2ber off

call out a number:
one, t$o, t,ree, etc.
(,e boys numbered off from left to rig,t.
0os muchachos cantaron los n=meros de i7"uierda a
derecha.
offer up present to Jod (usually not
separated $it, a noun
(,e priest offered up prayers for rain.
El sacerdote elev plegarias por la lluvia.
open ou" 3 lay open, unfold

3 1,en $e arrived +art,a opened out a blue tableclot,
and spread it on t,e grass.
5uando llegamos4 Marta desenvolvi un mantel a7ul y lo
despleg sobre el c#sped.
5 develop 5 (,is land ,as been opened out considerablyD it is full of
factories and ,ouses no$.
Esta tierra ha progresado considerablemente: est$ repleta
de 3$bricas y casas ahora.
7 begin to be tal"ative 7 *fter a fe$ minutes t,e stranger opened up and began to
tell us all about ,is life in !ussia.
<espu#s de unos minutos el e1tra(o tom con3ian7a y
44
comen7 a contarnos toda su vida en Rusia.
open up 3 lay open, t,ro$ open,
cut open, etc.

3 (,e surgeon opened up t,e man/s arm and removed
t,e bullet.
El cirujano abri el bra7o del hombre y e1trajo la bala.
5 ma"e accessible 5 (,is small village ,as been opened up to tourists t,an"s
to t,e ne$ ,ig,$ay.
Este pe"ue(o pueblo es accesible a los turistas gracias a
la nueva autopista.
or$er abou" give someone a lot of orders
compulsively
./m tired of ;illy al$ays ordering us about.
Estoy cansado de "ue *illy nos est# dando rdenes todo
el tiempo.
or$er in command someone to enter 6,e ordered ,er son in at once.
<e inmediato le orden a su hijo "ue entrara.
or$er ou" command someone to leave
a room, a ,ouse, etc.
4e ordered t,e stranger out.
0e orden al e1tra(o "ue se retirara.
o%n up admit, confess (,e maid o$ned up and said s,e ,ad bro"en t,e lamp
accidentally.
0a mucama admiti y dijo "ue haba roto la l$mpara
accidentalmente.
pac1 up

3 put t,ings a$ay, get t,ings
ready for a 'ourney, a ,oliday
4elen ,as already pac"ed everyt,ing up for ,er rip.
2elen ya ha empacado todo para su viaje.
5 stop $or" (colloquial

.t/s time $e pac"ed up and $ent ,ome.
Es hora de dejar de trabajar (guardar todo) e irnos a casa.
7 stop functioning,
brea" do$n
(,e car engine seems to ,ave pac"ed up.
arece "ue el motor del automil ha dejado de 3uncionar.
pair off

marry (colloquial
and intransitive

6ome of t,e students paired off after meeting one anot,er at
;urbon <ollege.
Algunos estudiantes se casaron despu#s de haberse
conocido en la Lniversidad *urbon.
pal up %i"0

become friendly $it,
(slang
*nnie ,as already palled up $it, Coan and 6ylvia.
Annie ya se ha hecho amiga de +oan y -ylvia.
pal2 off

get rid of a useless ob'ect

4e palmed off ,is old radio on me.
Me regal (por inservible) su vieja radio.
pan ou"

result (colloquial

(,e ne$ system seems to ,ave panned out $ell.
El nuevo sistema parece haber salido bueno.
paper over

repair superficially

(,ey attempted to paper over t,eir differences.
Ellos intentaron reparar sus di3erencias.
par" %i"0

give up reluctantly

@our boo"s are occupying too muc, space. @ou/ll ,ave to part
$it, t,em.
'us libros est$n ocupando demasiado espacio. Aun"ue no te
guste4 vas a tener "ue deshacerte de ellos.
pass alon- circulate, pass to people 0ass t,is notice along, please.
45
2a7 circular este aviso4 por 3avor.
pass a%a/

die

(,e old man passed a$ay last $ee".
El anciano 3alleci la semana pasada.
pass bac1

return

0ass t,e boo" bac" $,en you ,ave finis,ed $it, it.
<evuelve el libro cuando hayas terminado con #l.
pass b/

3 move to$ards

1,en . $as passing by . ,eard a cras,.
+usto cuando pasaba escuch# un cho"ue.
5 omit, disregard

4e passed t,at point by in ,is lecture.
)miti (-e salte) ese tema en su con3erencia.
pass off

3 ,appen

4er performance passed off quite successfully.
-u actuacin 3ue realmente e1itosa.
5 fade, decrease

4as your toot,ac,e passed off yet2
!9a se te pas el dolor de muelas%
pass ou"

faint, become unconscious

.t $as so ,ot, . almost passed out.
2i7o tanto calor "ue casi me desmayo.
pass up

miss a c,ance,
not ta"e advantage
6,e couldn/t pass up suc, an opportunity and left today.
No poda dejar pasar semejante oportunidad y se 3ue hoy.
pa/ bac1

3 return $,at is o$ing

4e ,as not paid t,e t$o ,undred dollars bac".
'odava no ha devuelto los doscientos dlares.
5 ta"e revenge on

. s,all pay ,im bac" for all ,e said about me.
Me vengar# (0e pagar# con la misma moneda) por todo lo
"ue dijo de m.
pa/ in


deposit money $it, a ban"
to one/s o$n or anot,er/s
account

(,e auditor ,as found t,at more $as dra$n out from t,e ban"
t,an $as paid in.
El auditor ha detectado "ue se ha e1trado m$s dinero del
banco del "ue 3ue depositado.
pension off

dismiss $it, a pension

9ice companyII 4e $as pensioned off at t,e age of fifty.
@@*onita empresaAA 0o jubilaron a la edad de cincuenta a(os.
p0ase in

introduce gradually

(,e ne$ program $ill be p,ased in over t,e next six mont,s.
El nuevo programa ser$ presentado progresivamente en los
pr1imos seis meses.
p0ase ou"

cease gradually

(,e old program $ill gradually be p,ased out.
El viejo programa ser$ retirado gradualmente.
pic1 on

c,oose someone for "idding,
be un"ind to
;ecause ,e $as t,e youngest, t,e ot,er boys pic"ed on ,im.
or ser el m$s joven los otros muchachos se metan con #l.
pic1 ou"
3 c,oose, select

6,e pic"ed out t,e most expensive pair of s,oes.
Escogi el par de 7apatos m$s costoso.
5 distinguis,

. can/t pic" you out on t,is old sc,ool p,otograp,II
@@No logro reconocerte en esta vieja 3otogra3a escolarAA
46

pic1 up

3 lift up from t,e ground

0lease, pic" up your feet. ./m cleaning t,e floor.
or 3avor levanta los pies. Estoy limpiando el piso.
5 collect

+y $ife is going to pic" up some <oncord grapes..
Mi esposa pasar$ a recoger algunas uvas 5oncord.
7 improve

-ur business is pic"ing up.
Nuestro negocio est$ mejorando (progresando).
G learn casually

. pic"ed t,is information up $,ile $aiting in t,e line to pay.
Me enter# por casualidad de esta in3ormacin mientras haca
cola para pagar.
H collect someone or
somet,ing in a car, boat, etc.
1e can pic" you up at six.
odemos pasar a buscarte a la seis.
8 recover one/s strengt,

(,e patient ,as pic"ed up considerably during t,is mont,.
El paciente se ha recuperado considerablemente este mes.
O rescue

(,e survivors $ere pic"ed up near 6out, *frica.
0os sobrevivientes 3ueron rescatados cerca de -ud$3rica.
pin $o%n

get a commitment

(,e 0olice tried to pin t,e boy do$n to details about t,e
deat,.
0a olica intent poner al muchacho contra la pared en
busca de los antecedentes de la muerte.
pi"c0 in

,elp, set to $or" energetically
(colloquial
.f everyone pitc,es in, t,e $or" $ill be done in a fe$ minutes.
-i todos colaborar4 este trabajo se puede hacer en minutos.
pla/ alon-

pretend to agree

&et/s play along until $e find out $,at ,is plans are.
>injamos estar de acuerdo hasta "ue averigNemos cu$les
son sus planes.
pla/ $o%n

ma"e or cause to appear
less important
4e played do$n t,e importance of t,e ne$s.
0e dio muy poca importancia a las noticias.
pla/ off a-ains"

encourage to fig,t

:ery cleverly +aria played one boyfriend off against t,e ot,er.
Muy astutamente4 Mara puso a un novio en contra del otro.
pla/ up "o

flatter (colloquial

For ,is o$n advantage, ,e al$ays plays up to ,is boss.
ara ventaja propia4 #l siempre adula a su je3e.
poin" ou"

dra$ attention to, s,o$,
indicate
6,e pointed out t,e advantages of t,e proposal.
Ella destac las ventajas de la propuesta.
polis0 off

finis, (colloquial

1e polis,ed off t,e rest of t,e apple pie.
'erminamos (0i"uidamos) el resto del pastel de man7anas.
pre/ on

3 ,unt and eat

3 ;ro$n bears prey on fis,.
0os osos pardos pescan y devoran peces.
5 disturb

5 (,is idea preys on my mind.
Esta idea agobia mi mente.
47
provi$e for

prepare for

.n our company $e ,ave provided for any emergency.
En nuestra empresa estamos preparados para emergencias.
pull $o%n

demolis,

+any old buildings are pulled do$n to ma"e $ay for ne$
ones.
Muchos edi3icios antiguos se est$n demoliendo para hacer
lugar a los nuevos.
pull in

ve,icle arrives

(,e bus pulled in next to t,e curb.
El mnibus par junto al cordn de la vereda.
pull off

$in, succeed in

Bo you t,in" s,e can pull off ,er ne$ plan2
!5rees "ue puede tener #1ito con su nuevo plan%
pull ou" of

a ve,icle leaves a place

(,e train pulled out of t,e station.
El tren sali de la estacin.
pull ou"

a ve,icle leaves

(,e train pulled out at ten o/cloc".
El tren sali a las die7 en punto.
pull over

drive to t,e side of t,e road

(,e policeman ordered me to pull over.
El polica orden detenerme al costado de la carretera.
pull up

remove ($eeds, etc by pulling

(,e gardener $as pulling up $eeds all t,e morning.
El jardinero estuvo desmale7ando toda la ma(ana.
pull "0rou-0

recover

(,e doctor t,in"s ,is $ife $ill pull t,roug,.
El doctor piensa "ue su esposa va a mejorar.
pus0 on %i"0

go a,ead, continue

. must pus, on $it, my $or".
<ebo continuar con (d$ndole 3uerte a) mi trabajo.
pu" a%a/

put t,ings tidily in t,eir place

.t is time to put t,e toys a$ay.
Es hora de guardar estos juguetes.
pu" bac1

return to original location

0lease put t,ese boo"s bac" on t,e s,elf.
or 3avor devuelve estos libros al estante.
pu" $o%n "o

attribute to

1e put ,is bad temper do$n to fatigue and $or" stress.
Atribuimos su mal car$cter al cansancio y estr#s laboral.
pu" off

postpone

1e cannot put off t,e meeting again.
No podemos postergar nuevamente la reunin.
pu" on

3 dress oneself in,
put clot,es on
. put on my old clot,es for t,e 'ourney.
Me puse mi ropa vieja para el viaje.
5 gain, increase

4as s,e put any $eig,t on2
!2a subido ella algo de peso% (!Engord algo%)
7 s$itc, on

0ut t,e lig,t on, please.
Enciende la lu74 por 3avor.
pu" ou"
3 place outside, expel,
drive out
4ave you put out t,e cat2
!2as sacado el gato%
48

5 extend, ,old out

4e put out ,is ,and for me to s,a"e.
El e1tendi su mano para estrechar la ma.
7 begin a voyage, set sail

(,eir tiny vessel put out to sea.
-u diminuta embarcacin se hi7o a la mar.
G extinguis,

(,e six firemen soon put out t,e fire.
0os seis bomberos e1tinguieron pronto el incendio.
H s$itc, off

0ut out t,e lamp no$, please.
<esconecte (Apague) la l$mpara ahora4 por 3avor.
8 annoy (usually used
in t,e passive
. $as put out by ,is aggressive attitude to me.
Me molest su actitud agresiva hacia m.
O inconvenience, trouble

4e said ,e did not $ant to put us out by accepting our dinner.
<ijo "ue no "uera incomodarnos al aceptar nuestra cena.
M dislocate

. must ,ave put my s,oulder out $,ile . $as playing tennis.
<ebo haberme dislocado el hombro mientras jugaba tenis.
L publis,

Br. 1ise ,as 'ust put out a boo" on education.
El <r. Rise acaba de publicar un libro sobre educacin.
pu" "0rou-0

3 carry out

(,e ne$ plan ,as been put t,roug, successfully.
El nuevo plan ha sido llevado a cabo con #1ito.
5 connect by telep,one
(usually separated
0lease, put me t,roug, to Extension 3=8.
or 3avor4 comun"ueme con el 8nterno .FC.
pu" up
3 raise, ,old up

0lease ,elp me to put t,is ladder up.
or 3avor ay=dame a levantar esta escalera.
5 raise (prices

;read ,as been put up to G dollars a "ilo.
El pan ha sido incrementado a Q dlares el Oilo.
7 pac" a$ay, put aside,
lay a$ay
1e decided to put t,e dec" c,airs up for t,is $inter.
<ecidimos guardar las sillas de jardn por este invierno.
G build, erect

./ve put a s,ed up at t,e end of my garden.
2e construido un galpn en el 3ondo de mi jardn
H provide lodging and food

1e can put you up for t,e $ee"end.
odemos alojarte durante el 3in de semana.
8 lodge

1e put up for t,e nig,t at 1erton &odge.
Nos hospedamos por la noche en la osada Rerton.
O propose for election,
nominate
(,e party put up +r. !eno as t,eir candidate.
El partido propuso como candidato al -r. Reno.
M offer for sale by auction

(,ree valuable pictures $ere put up for tomorro$/s auction.
ara el remate de ma(ana se colocaron tres valiosos
49
cuadros.
L provide for a business
purpose
+ariana/s fat,er put up t,e money for ,er dental clinic.
El padre de Mariana puso el dinero para su clnica dental.
3= offer a prayer

(,e priest put up a prayer for safety in 6pain.
El sacerdote elev una plegaria por la seguridad en Espa(a.
pu" up "o

instigate, urge to do $rong
(usually separated
6,e put me up to playing a tric" on t,e teac,er.
Me incit a hacerle una broma al pro3esor.
pu" up %i"0

endure, tolerate, suffer

1,en ,e lived in ;uenos *ires and 6antiago ,e ,ad to put up
$it, cro$ded buses.
5uando viva en *uenos Aires y -antiago tuvo "ue soportar
mnibus saturados de gente.
9uie" $o%n become quiet (,e city quieted do$n after t,e political disturbances.
0a ciudad se calm despu#s de los disturbios polticos.
9ueue up form a line to enter a t,eatre,
get on a bus or buy somet,ing
(;ritis, Englis,.
(,ey ,ad to queue up for t$o ,ours in order to buy t,e
tic"ets for (,e 0,antom of t,e -pera.
'uvieron "ue hacer una cola de dos horas para poder
comprar las entradas para El >antasma de la )pera.
rea$ off

read quic"y or fluently

4e read off t,e names of t,e places ,e ,ad visited.
0ey rapidamente la lista de lugares "ue haba visitado.
rea$ in"o

find ot,er meanings

@ou are reading too muc, into ,er remar"s.
0e est$s dando demasiada importancia a sus comentarios.
rea$ on

continue reading

A!ead on, pleaseA, said +r. 0uentes.
65ontin=a leyendo4 por 3avor64 dijo el -r. uentes.
rea$ ou"

read aloud, in a loud voice

Everybody listened as 1alter read ,is report out.
'odos escuchaban mientras Ralter lea su in3orme en vo7
alta.
rea$ over

examine t,oroug,ly
by reading
4e read my s,ort story over and gave me ,is opinion.
0ey con atencin mi cuento corto y me dio su opinin.
rea$ up on

read about, study

1,enever $e travel, my $ife and . li"e to read up on t,e
places $e are going to visit.
5ada ve7 "ue viajamos4 a mi esposa y a m nos gusta leer
anticipadamente acerca de los lugares "ue vamos a visitar.
reason ou"

reac, a result by reasoning
(separable
. cannot reason out an ans$er to t,is problem.
Me cuesta encontrar una respuesta a este problema.
reason %i"0

try to persuade

.t is really ,ard to reason $it, an angry person.
Es muy di3cil tratar de convencer a una persona enojada.
rec1on in

include

1,en . $as counting up t,e money . ,ad spent, . forgot to
rec"on in t,e t,ree boo"s . ,ad boug,t t,e day before.
5uando estaba veri3icando el dinero "ue haba gastado4
olvid# incluir tres libros "ue haba comprado el da anterior.
rec1on on calculate on . ,adn/t rec"oned on being t,e center of attention in your
party.
50

No estaba en mis c$lculos ser el centro de atencin de tu
3iesta.
rec1on up

count up, find t,e total
number or amount of
4e quic"ly rec"oned up t,e bill and $rote a c,eque.
R$pidamente calcul la cuenta y e1tendi un che"ue.
reel off

say quic"ly and $it,out effort,
recite a long list
(,e student reeled off t,e names of t$enty famous scientists.
El estudiante recit los nombres de veinte cienti3icos
3amosos.
ren$er up

give up

(,e noblemen ,ad to render up t,eir lands to t,e conqueror.
0os nobles tuvieron "ue entregar sus tierras al con"uistador.
rin- off

put do$n t,e telep,one

4elen suddenly rang off in t,e middle of t,e conversation.
<e repente 2elen cort la comunicacin tele3nica en medio
de la conversacin.
rin- up

telep,one

!ing me up at six o/cloc".
0l$mame por tel#3ono a las seis.
rip off

3 tear off quic"ly

3 6,e ripped t,e coat cover off but sa$ not,ing underneat,.
Ella desgarr el 3orro de la cha"ueta pero no hall nada
dentro.
5 c,eat, ta"e advantage of,
steal, rob (,ig, prices
5 ABon/t buy anyt,ing at Eac,arol. (,ey/ll rip you offA.
6No compres nada en ;acharol. 'e esta3an (con los precios)6.
rise above

be superior to

!ising above ,is circumstances, ,e studied at -+ 0ersonal
for free and ,e managed to succeed.
-uperando su situacin4 estudi en )M ersonal
gratuitamente y logr alcan7ar el #1ito.
rope in

persuade to ,elp, induce
someone to 'oin a cause

1e roped in everyone $e could to ,elp $it, t,is good cause.
ersuadimos a todos los "ue pudimos para ayudar en esta
noble causa.
roun$ off

3 complete $it,
a suitable ending

3 4e rounded off ,is speec, by t,an"ing everyone $,o
assisted ,im in ,is pro'ect.
>inali7 (redonde) su discurso agradeciendo a todos los "ue
lo haban ayudado en su proyecto.
5 express as a round
number
5 (,e grocer rounded K3=5, O= off to K3=7,==.
El almacenero redonde dlares .FB4MF a dlares .FI4FF.
rub off

remove a mar" by rubbing

6,e rubbed t,e soot off easily $it, t,is ne$ product.
Duit todo holln 3$cilmente 3rotando con este producto
nuevo.
rub off on

acquire from someone

6ome of ,is ent,usiasm ,as rubbed off on me.
2e ad"uirido (se me ha pegado) algo de su entusiasmo.
rub ou"

erase

;e sure to rub out all t,e pencil mar"s.
Aseg=rate de borrar todas las marcas de l$pi7.
rub up
3 polis, up

3 4e as"ed t,e goldsmit, to rub up t,e ring.
0e solicit al joyero "ue puliera su anillo.
51


5 revise

5 +iguel started visiting -+ 0ersonal t$o years ago as ,e
$anted to rub up ,is Englis,.
Miguel comen7 a visitar )M ersonal hace dos a(os por"ue
"uera repasar su ingl#s.
rule ou"

exclude, remove from
consideration

(,e reporter said t,at none of t,e possibilities mentioned can
be ruled out yet.
El reportero comunic "ue ninguna de las posibilidades
mencionadas pueden ser descartadas todava.
run across

find accidentally,
find by c,ance
(,elma ran across some interesting information.
'helma encontr por casualidad una in3ormacin interesante.
run af"er

pursue

6ome men ran after t,e cyclist $,o ,ad stolen t,em.
Algunos hombres persiguieron al ciclista "ue los haba
robado.
run a%a/

escape

(,e t,ieves managed to run a$ay $it, all t,e 'e$els.
0os ladrones se arreglaron para huir con todas las joyas.
run $o%n

3 overta"e and capture

3 (,e police ran do$n t,e t,ief in t,e $oods.
0a polica captur al ladrn en los bos"ues.
5 disparage, express
a negative opinion of

5 Co,n is contantly running do$n ,is boss.
+ohn est$ permanentemente descali3icando a (hablando mal
de) su je3e.
7 stop functioning

7 (,e battery in my $atc, ,as run do$n.
0a batera de mi reloj pulsera se ha agotado.
run in

drive slo$ly, not to damage
t,e ne$ engine
./m still running my car in.
'odava estoy conduciendo mi auto a baja velocidad.
run in"o

3 meet accidentally,
meet by c,ance
3 . ran into my cousin do$nto$n today.
2oy me encontr# por casualidad con mi primo en el centro.
5 colllide $it,

5 * big bus ran into our car yesterday.
Ln enorme mnibus choc nuestro automvil ayer.
run ou"

expire

(,e policeman told me t,at t,at my licence ,ad run out.
El agente de policia me dijo "ue mi permiso de conducir
haba vencido.
run ou" of

finis,, become ex,austed,
use t,e last of
A1e ,ave run out of coffee. 1,y don/t you buy some, ,oney26
6Nos "uedamos sin ca3#4 !or "u# no compras algo4
"uerida%6
run over

3 in'ured by a ve,icle

3 4e $as driving at ,ig, speed and ran over a dog.
5onduca a alta velocidad y atropell a un perro.
5 overflo$

5 (,e $ater ran over and flooded t,e bat,room because
+onica left t,e faucet on.
El agua corri inundando el ba(o por"ue Mnica dej la
canilla abierta.
52
run up a-ains"

meet

1,en you travel you run up against different "inds of people.
5uando viajas te topas con di3erentes clases de personas.
save up

spend sparingly, avoid
t,e $aste of
!ogelio saved up enoug, money to buy a car.
Rogelio ahorr el su3iciente dinero para comprar un
automvil.
sa% up

cut into pieces $it, a sa$

4e ,as already sa$n t,e branc, up.
Acaba de aserrar (cortar con un serrucho) la rama.
scale $o%n

reduce

;ecause of lac" of funds, $e ,ad to scale do$n our plan.
A ra7 de la 3alta de 3ondos tuvimos "ue reducir nuestro plan.
scrape alon-

manage to exist in
spite of difficulties
For five years $e scraped along on my small pension.
<urante cinco a(os nos arreglamos con mi reducida pensin.
scrape off
scrape ou"
remove mud, grease, paint

6,e scraped out t,e stic"y saucepan.
Ella le "uit la grasa a la sucia sart#n.
scra"c0 alon-

manage to live (slang

*lt,oug, t,eir fat,er $as out of $or", t,ey scratc,ed along.
Aun"ue su padre estaba sin trabajo se ingenieron para vivir.
scra"c0 ou"

erase

6cratc, my name out, please: . don/t $ant to participate.
*orra mi nombre por 3avor, no "uiero participar.
scre% up

3 tig,ten by turning a scre$

4e scre$ed up t,e door ,andle $,ic, $as loose.
Atornill la manija de la puerta "ue estaba suelta.
5 t$ist up

6,e scre$ed t,e letter up and t,re$ it into t,e $astepaper
bas"et very angrily.
Ella retorci la carta y la arroj al papelero muy 3astidiada.
7 ma"e tig,t, contract

Canet scre$ed up ,er nose to s,o$ ,er disapproval.
+anet retorci su nari7 para mostrar su desaprobacin.
G gat,er up courage

. scre$ed up my courage and spo"e to my $ife.
+unt# coraje y le habl# a mi esposa.
scrub ou"

remove by scrubbing

Bid s,e manage to scrub out t,e purple mar"2
!-e las arregl para "uitar la mancha viol$cea%
searc0 ou"

see" and find

(,e first t,ing . did $as to searc, out for my brot,er.
0o primero "ue hice 3ue salir a buscar a mi hermano.
see abou"

be busy $it,

6,e organized t,e party and . sa$ about getting t,e food.
Ella organi7 la 3iesta y yo me ocup# de conseguir la comida.
see in

$elcome in
(usually separated
(,ey all $aited to see t,e 9e$ @ear in.
'odos esperaron para recibir el A(o Nuevo.
see "0rou-0

not be deceived by

1e all sa$ t,roug, t,em.
'odos supimos "u# clase de personas era realmente.
sell off

sell a stoc" of goods
very c,eaply
Finally $e decided to sell off all t,e furniture.
>inalmente nos decidimos por li"uidar todos los muebles.
sen$ a%a/ dismiss, fire @esterday +r. !ams sent Bolly a$ay.
53
Ayer el -r. Rams la ech (despidi) a <olly.
sen$ a%a/ for

order by mail

1e sent a$ay for a ne$ digital camera.
5ompramos por correo una nueva c$mara digital.
sen$ for

as" to be sent

@ou $ill ,ave to send for your <B#!-+s.
'endr$s "ue mandar a buscar los 5<&R)Ms.
sen$ in

mail in, email in

6,e loves comments sent in by visitors.
A ella le encanta los mensajes enviados por los visitantes.
sen$ off

dispatc,

-+ 0ersonal sends off almost G== emails every day.
)M ersonal despacha casi QFF correos electrnicos por da.
sen$ on

send a,ead or in advance

1e ,ave sent on our luggage by train.
2emos enviado nuestro e"uipaje por tren.
sen$ ou"

distribute

(,e circulars ,ave all been sent out.
'odas las circulares han sido distribuidas (repartidas).
serve up

prepare, coo" a meal

6,e served up a delicious orange ca"e.
Ella prepar una torta de naranjas e1"uisita.
se" a-ains"

ma"e antagonistic

6,e li"es to set people against one anot,er.
A ella le gusta poner en contra a las personas.
se" asi$e

3 put on one side
for use later on

6,e set aside ,er $inter coat and too" out ,er summer dress.
uso a un costado su abrigo de invierno y sac su vestido
veraniego.
5 reserve

(,e ,otel manager set t$o pleasant rooms aside for us.
El gerente del hotel nos reserv dos agradables habitaciones.
se" bac1

delay

(,is situation $ill set bac" t,e pro'ect by many years.
Esta situacin retrasar$ el proyecto por varios a(os.
se" $o%n

deposit people, allo$ a
passenger to get do$n or out
(,e bus stopped to set do$n an old lady..
El autobus se detuvo para dejar bajar a una se(ora mayor.
se" in

begin

1,en t,e fall (autumn sets in, leaves turn reddis,.
5uando comien7a el oto(o4 las hojas se vuelven roji7as.
se" off

3 start on a 'ourney, leave

1,at time did t,ey set off2
!A "u# hora se 3ueron (de viaje)%
5 start a c,ain of events

(,e unpopular la$ set off a series of protests.
0a impopular ley desencaden una serie de protestas.
7 start someone doing
somet,ing
(,e comedian set everyone off laug,ing.
El comediante empe7 haciendo reir a todos.
G contrast $it,, embellis,

(,e pin" $all ,elps to set off t,ose green curtains.
0a pared rosada ayuda a destacar esas cortinas verdes.
H explode

1,o set t,e fire$or" off2
!Dui#n hi7o estallar los 3uegos de arti3icio%
54
se" on

order to attac"

1e $ill set our dogs on any intruders.
repararemos a nuestros perros para atacar a cual"uier
intruso.
se" ou"

start on a 'ourney

1e set out at daybrea" yesterday.
artimos al alba ayer.
se" up

3 place in position, erect

(,ey ,ave set up a statue to &ennon in t,e par".
2an colocado un monumento a 0ennon en el par"ue.
5 establis,

4e set up a special group of soldiers to guard ,im.
Estableci un grupo especial de soldados para protegerlo.
se""le $o%n

become contented
in a ne$ 'ob or place
(,e family soon settled do$n in .ndia..
0a 3amilia se adapt pronto a la 8ndia.
se""le for

reluctantly accept

6ince t,ere $ere no stra$berries, $e ,ad to settle for grapes.
Gisto "ue no haba 3resas nos tuvimos "ue contentar con
uvas.
se""le in

move in and become
used to
1e $ill come to visit you after you ,ave bot, settled in.
8remos a visitarlos despu#s "ue se hayan adaptado.
se""le up

pay one/s debts to

+ario $on t,e lottery and $as able to settle up all ,is debts.
Mario gan la lotera y pudo pagar todas sus deuda.
s0a1e ou"

remove dust or dirt
by s,a"ing
6,e pic"ed up t,e blan"et and s,oo" t,e dust out.
0evant la 3ra7ada y le sacudi el polvo.
s0ou" $o%n

stop from spea"ing
by s,outing
(,e cro$d s,outed t,e spea"er do$n.
0a multitud grit para "ue no se escuchara al orador.
s0o% off

3 display

(,e ,ostess s,o$ed off ,er c,ina dis,es to t,e guests.
0a an3itriona mostr su vajilla de porcelana a los invitados.
5 act ostentatiously

Bon/t s,o$ off so muc,. (ry to be modest.
No te mandes la parte. 'rata de ser modesto.
s0o% up

arrive

. $aited for ,im till noon and ,e s,o$ed up at 7 pm.
0o esper# hasta el medioda y apareci a las tres de la tarde.
s0ru- off

dismiss as unimportant

(,ey attempted to s,rug off t,eir mista"e.
8ntentaron hacer pasar desapercibido su error.
s0u" up

stop tal"ing (slang

A6,ut up and listen to your fat,erA, 0aul/s mot,er said.
65$llate y escucha a tu padre64 dijo la madre de aul.
si$e %i"0

support in a dispute

(,at $as unfair. 1,y did you side $it, ,im2
Eso no estuvo bien. !or "u# te pusiste de su lado%
sin-le ou"

select from ot,ers

@ou ,ave been singled out for a vacation in ;arcelona.
2a sido seleccionado para unas vacaciones en *arcelona.
si" ou"
si" "0rou-0
sit and endure

. ,ad to sit out (sit t,roug, t,e lecture $it,out falling asleep.
'uve "ue soportar sentado la con3erencia sin dormirme.
55
si" up

not go to bed

. sat up all nig,t $aiting for you to come bac".
as# en vela toda la noche esperando "ue regresaras.
si;e up

assess

. quic"ly sized up ,is financial situation.
R$pidamente estim# (calcul#) su situacin 3inanciera.
sleep in

sleep too long

./m sorry ./m late for $or" t,is morning.: . slept in.
-iento llegar tarde esta ma(ana, Me "ued# dormido.
sleep on

continue sleeping

6,e slept on after t,e p,one ,ad rung.
Ella continu durmiendo despu#s "ue son el tel#3ono.
slice up

cut into slices

(,e ba"er sliced up t,e loaf.
El panadero cort en rebanadas el pan.
slip a%a/

go or move quietly
or quic"ly

(,e party $as so boring t,at +irt,a and . slipped a$ay $,en
nobody $as $atc,ing.
0a 3iesta 3ue tan aburrida "ue Mirta y yo nos escabullimos
cuando nadie miraba.
slo% $o%n

reduce speed, go more slo$ly
(separable $,en transitive
(,e driver slo$ed do$n at t,e roundabout.
El conductor redujo la velocidad en la rotonda.
s2oo"0 over

improve, get rid of
difficulties, problems
1e all tried to smoot, over t,e difficult situation.
'odos intentamos mejorar la di3cil situacin.
soa1 up

absorb

(,e big sponge soa"ed up all t,e $ater on t,e floor.
0a esponja grande absorbi todo el agua del piso.
sor" ou"

organize, arrange or order
by classes or categories
.t $ill ta"e some time to sort out t,is mess.
0levar$ cierto tiempo poner en orden este lo.
soun$ ou"

try to learn someone/s
opinions and intentions
1e attempted to sound ,im out.
8ntentamos tantearlo para conocer su opinin.
spea1 ou"
spea1 up
spea" loudly, clearly

6pea" upII 1e cannot ,ear you at t,e bac" of t,e room.
@@2able m$s 3uerteAA No le escuchamos en el 3ondo de la sala.
spee$ up

increase speed, accelerate,
move faster
4e speeded up $,en ,e sa$ t,at ,e $as being follo$ed.
Aceler cuando vio "ue lo perseguan.
spell ou"

say or $rite eac, letter
of a $ord
1ill you please spell your last name out2
!uede deletrear su apellido%
spi" i" ou"

spea" louder, tell everyt,ing
(slang
6pit it out and let us "no$ t,e trut,.
<ilo de una ve7 y cu#ntanos la verdad.
spli" up

divide

-+ 0ersonal megaportal is split up into over 3== bilingual
courses and tutorials.
El megaportal de )M ersonal est$ dividido en m$s de .FF
cursos y tutoriales bilingNes.
sp/ ou"

discover by spying

4e spied out t,e land and decided it $as safe to proceed.
Espi el terreno y decidi "ue era seguro para avan7ar.
s"a22er ou"

stammer, spea" not fluently

(,ey stammered out t,eir apologies.
'artamudearon al disculparse. (-e disculparon
56
tartamudeando).
s"an$ b/

support, be ready to ,elp
or to act
. ,ope you $ill stand by me in case . need your ,elp.
Espero "ue me apoyes en caso de necesitar tu ayuda.
s"an$ $o%n

resign from an important
position, retire

(,e 0resident voluntarily stood do$n in favor of t,e ne$
candidate.
El residente renunci voluntariamente en 3avor del nuevo
candidato.
s"an$ for

represent

1,at does -+ stand for2 - stands for -rlando and + stands
for +oure, t,e first and last names of t,is megaportal/s o$ner.
!Du# signi3ica )M% ) signi3ica )rlando y M representa
Moure4 el nombre y apellido del due(o de este megaportal.
s"an$ in for
6so2eone7

to substitute for someoneD
to do someoneQs 'ob for t,em
$,en t,ey are not t,ere:
@our teac,er is sic" today, so .Qm standing in for ,er.
Guestra maestra est$ en3erma hoy4 por ello la estoy
reempla7ando.
s"an$ ou"

be prominent

&ucila is really smart and se al$ays stands out in class..
0ucila es realmente lista y siempre se destaca en clase.
s"an$ up

rise to one/s feet

1e all stood up $,en t,e ladies came into t,e club.
'odos nos pusimos de pie cuando las damas entraron al club.
s"an$ up for

support

+y boss criticized Eliana and nobody stood up for ,er.
Mi je3e critic a Eliana y nadie sali a de3enderla.
s"an$ up "o

3 face bravely ($it, people

6,e $ill ,ave to be brave and stand up to t,at situation.
'endr$ "ue ser 3uerte y hacer 3rente a la situacin.
5 $it,stand ($it, t,ings

(,is car $ill stand up to all "inds of strains.
Este automvil soportar$ todo tipo de es3uer7os.
s"a/ in

remain at ,ome

./m staying in t,is evening. . ,ave a lot of $or" to do.
Me voy a "uedar en casa esta noche4 'engo mucho por
hacer.
s"a/ up

remain out of bed

Biana stayed up all nig,t reading my boo".
<iana se "ued levantada toda la noche leyendo mi libro.
s"ep $o%n

quit, resign, give up
or retire from a position
+r. !onson stepped do$n for ,ealt, reasons.
El -r. Ronson se retir (renunci) por ra7ones de salud.
s"ep in

intervene

(,e government ,ad to step in to save t,e business.
El gobierno tuvo "ue intervenir para salvar el negocio.
s"ic1 ou" for

insist on
(colloquial
(,e men stuc" out for better conditions of employment.
0os hombres insistieron en mejores condiciones laborales.
s"ic1 "o

ad,ere to

(,e arc,itect said t,at ,e $ould stic" to t,e original plan.
El ar"uitecto dijo "ue se ajustara al plano original.
s"ic1 up for

defend, support
(colloquial
1ill you stic" up for me at t,e trial2
!Me de3ender$s (apoyar$s) en el juicio%
s"ir up mix, move around 6,e stirred up t,e 'am $it, a $ooden spoon.
57
Ella revolvi la mermelada con una cuchara de madera.
s"oc1 up on

lay in supplies

1e s,ould stoc" up on every sort of exotic fruits.
<eberamos abastecernos de todo tipo de 3rutas e1ticas.
s"ri1e off
s"ri1e ou"
cross out

1,o struc" my name off (out2
!Dui#n tach mi nombre%
s"u2ble across

find accidentally

(,e explorers stumbled across an interesting fossil.
0os e1ploradores hallaron (descubrieron) un interesante 3sil.
su2 up

summarize

(,e director summed up t,e intervie$ in a fe$ $ords.
El director resumi la entrevista en unas pocas palabras.
su22on up

gat,er toget,er

6,e attempted to summon up ,er courage and spo"e.
Ella trat de juntar (hacerse de) coraje y habl.
survive on

survive using

Buring last summer, t,ey ,ad to survive on vegetables.
<urante el verano pasado tuvieron "ue vivir comiendo 3ruta.
s%i"c0 off

prevent electricity, etc. from
flo$ing by turning a s$itc,
6$itc, t,e lig,ts off, please.
Apaga las luces 4 por 3avor.
s%i"c0 on

allo$ electricity, etc.
to flo$ by turning a s$itc,
6,e s$itc,ed on t,e ceiling fan.
Ella encendi el ventilador de techo.
"a1e abac1

surprise

1e $ere ta"en abac" by t,e ne$s of ,is departure.
Nos "uedamos sorprendidos con la noticia de su partida.
"a1e af"er

resemble an ancestor

0aul ta"es after ,is grandfat,er.
aul se parace a su abuelo.
"a1e alon-

escort

. too" my sister along to t,e party.
Acompa(# a mi hermana a la 3iesta.
"a1e apar"

dismantle, divide into its
constituent pieces
.f you ,ave to repair t,is 0<, you ,ave to ta"e it apart first.
-i "uieres reparar esta 5 tienes "ue desmontarla primero.
"a1e a%a/

remove

4e ,as loc"ed t,e room and ta"en t,e "ey a$ay.
2a cerrado la habitacin y se llev la llave.
"a1e bac1

return

(a"e t,is boo" bac". 1e don/t need it no$.
<evuelve este libro. No lo necesitamos..
"a1e care of

be in c,arge of

!oger ta"es care ,is fat,er/s business t,ese days.
Roger est$ a cargo de los negocios de su padre estos dias.
"a1e $o%n
3 ta"e to a lo$er place

4e $ent to t,e s,elf and too" do$n a boo" of poems.
-e dirigi al estante y baj un libro de poemas.
5 pull do$n, pull to pieces

(a"e do$n your model rail$ay before tea.
<esarma tu tren de juguete antes del t#.
7 $rite do$n, ma"e a note of

(,e reporters too" do$n t,e speec,.
0os reporteros tomaron nota del discurso.
58
G ,umble, lo$er t,e pride
of someone
(,at fello$ needs to be ta"en do$n.
A ese tipo hay "ue bajarle los humos.
"a1e in

3 understand

6,e told me t,at my son ,ad ta"en ,er explanation in.
Me dijo "ue mi hijo haba comprendido su e1plicacin.
5 escort inside a ,ouse

4e too" me in and offered me a cup of coffee.
Me hi7o pasar y me o3reci una ta7a de ca3#.
7 admit or receive as guests
or lodgers
(,is $oman ta"es in lodgers at ,ome.
Esta mujer recibe hu#spedes en su casa.
G deceive, c,eat

. $as completely ta"en in by +onica/s disguise.
El dis3ra7 de Mnica me enga( totalmente.
H ma"e smaller

(,e tailor too" in t,e suit at t,e $aist.
El sastre achic el traje en la cintura.
8 subscribe to, buy regularly

. ,ave 'ust started to ta"e in t,e -+ 0ersonal free ne$sletter.
Acabo de suscribirme al boletn gratuito de )M ersonal.
"a1e off

3 remove

0lease ta"e off your ,at.
or 3avor "utate el sombrero.
5 deduct

4e too" fifteen dollars off because . am a good customer.
Me descont "uince dlares por"ue soy un buen cliente.
7 mimic

4e is excellent at ta"ing off famous stars.
Es e1celente imitando artistas 3amosos..
G leave t,e ground,
rise into t,e air
@our flig,t is sc,eduled to ta"e off at 7.== pm.
'u vuelo est$ programado para despegar a las .J,FF horas.
"a1e on

3 underta"e $or" or
responsibilites

6,e $as glad to ta"e on t,e responsibility of loo"ing after
+arina/s "ids.
Estaba contenta de asumir la responsabilidad de cuidar los
chicos de Marina.
5 engage to $or"

6unrise &td. too" on t$enty additional people for t,e
construction of t,e ne$ bridge.
-unrise 0td. tom veinte personas adicionales para la
construccin del nuevo puente.
"a1e ou"
3 carry outside a ,ouse,
a room or a building
-+ 0ersonal ta"es t,eir <B parcels out and post t,em.
)M ersonal sale a 3ran"uear los pa"uetes de sus 5<s.
5 escort outside

4e too" t,e dog out for t$o ,ours.
-ac al perro por dos horas.
7 remove, extract

4o$ many teet, did t,e dentist ta"e you out2
!5uantos dientes te e1trajo el dentista%
G obtain a legal rig,t or 4e too" out a patent on ,is ne$ invention.
59
a document )btuvo una patente de su nueva invencin.
H accompany out, invite out to
a party, a restaurant, a dance
Co,n too" 0atricia out to ,ave dinner at &ola/s last nig,t.
Anoche +ohn llev a atricia a cenar a 0ola.
"a1e over

assume control

(,e ne$ manager $ill ta"e over at t,e beginning of Cune.
El nuevo gerente asumir$ el cargo a principios de junio.
"a1e up

3 raise, pic" up

(a"e t,e carpet up before you move t,e furniture.
0evanta la al3ombra antes de mover los muebles.
5 occupy space, one/s time,
one/s energies
+y 'ob ta"es up most of my time.
Mi trabajo ocupa la mayor parte de mi tiempo.
7 begin to follo$ a profession,
a ,obby, a sport, a $ay of life
(,e medical student decided to ta"e up surgery.
El estudiante de medicina decidi emprender ciruga.
G s,orten

. need to ta"e t,is dress up at t,e bottom.
Necesito acortar el ruedo de este vestido.
H arrest

4e $as ta"en up by t,e police for drun"enness.
0a polica lo arrest por borrachera.
"a1e up on

accept an offer

. need a car so . $ould li"e to ta"e you up on your offer.
Necesito un auto de modo "ue me gustara aceptar tu o3erta.
"a1e up %i"0

become friendly $it,

+olly too" up $it, !obert after ,e ,ad saved ,er life in +iami.
Molly se hi7o amiga de Robert despu#s "ue #l le haba
salvado la vida en Miami.
"al1 a%a/

continue tal"ing incessantly

6,e tal"ed a$ay for over t$o ,ours and told me all ,er
troubles.
2abl sin parar durante m$s de dos horas y me cont todos
sus problemas.
"al1 bac1 "o

argue rudely $it,

Bon/t tal" bac" to your fat,er: listen to $,at ,e says.
No contestes mal a tu padre, escucha lo "ue dice.
"al1 $o%n

silence a person by tal"ing

. tried to argue $it, ,er, but s,e tal"ed me do$n.
'rat# de discutir con ella pero no me dej hablar.
"al1 $o%n "o

3 spea" patronizingly

4e al$ays tal"s do$n to people younger t,an ,e is.
-iempre trata como tontos a la personas m$s jvenes "ue #l.
5 tal" in a disdainful $ay to

6,e is unpopular because s,e often tal"s do$n to people.
No es apreciada por"ue a menudo haba mal de la gente.
"al1 in"o

persuade

<an you tal" +abel into c,anging ,er strict point of vie$2
!No puedes persuadir a Mabel para "ue cambie su estricto
punto de vista%
"al1 ou" of

dissuade from

1e tried to tal" ,im out of quitting 'is 'ob.
'ratamos de disuadirlo de renunciar a su trabajo.
"al1 over discuss &et us tal" it over before $e decide.
60
5onvers#moslo (<iscut$moslo) antes de decidir.
"al1 roun$


persuade someone by tal"ing
(usually separated

Bid you manage to tal" your fat,er round into lending us some
money for t,e apartment2.
!0ograste persuadir a tu padre para "ue nos preste algo de
dinero para el departamento%
"a2per %i"0

interfere $it,

6omeone ,as tampered $it, t,e loc".
Alguien ha alterado (modi3icado) la cerradura.
"ear off

separate or remove
by tearing
4e tore t,e paper off and opened ,is <,ristmas gift.
Arranc el papel y abri su regalo de Navidad.
"ear ou"

pull out or remove
by tearing
9eil tore a page out and gave it to me.
Neil arranc una p$gina y me la entreg.
"ear up

destroy by tearing,
tear into pieces
6,e tore up ,er ,usband/s letter.
2i7o peda7os la carta de su marido.
"ell off

reprove, scold

;etty/s boss told ,er off for being late.
El je3e de *etty la reprendi por llegar tarde.
"0in1 ou"
"0in1 over
consider

. need some time to t,in" your proposal out (over.
Necesito algo de tiempo para anali7ar tu propuesta.
"0in1 up

invent

1,at $ill t,ey t,in" up next2
!Du# inventar$n la pr1ima ve7%
"0ro% a%a/
"0ro% ou"
get rid of

. must t,ro$ all t,is rubbis, a$ay (out.
'engo "ue tirar toda esta basura.
"0ro% over

abandon

4e t,re$ over ,is old frineds $,en $,en ,is fat,er died.
Abandon a sus viejos amigos cuando muri su padre.
"0ro% up

3 raise

(,ey t,re$ up t,eir ,ands in utter amazement.
0evantaron las manos totalmente sorprendidos.
5 resign, quit

6,e t,re$ up ,er 'ob because of ,er failing ,ealt,.
Renunci a su trabajo debido a su debilitada salud.
7 vomit

4e ate too muc, and t,re$ up at nig,t.
5omi en e1ceso y vomit de noche.
G re'ect, abandon

4e t,re$ up ,is previous plan of going to 0aris for ,is
vacation.
Abandon su plan inicial de ir a ars de vacaciones.
"0rus" on
"0rus" upon
force upon

(,ey t,rust t,e responsibility upon t,e manager.
)bligaron al gerente a aceptar su responsabilidad..
"ic1 off

mar" $it, a tic"

6,e tic"ed off all t,e t,ings s,e ,ad pac"ed up.
Ella tild (marc) todas las cosas "ue haba empacado.
"i$/ up

put in order

@ou must tidy up your room before t,e visitor arrives.
'ienes "ue ordenar la habitacin antes "ue llegue el visitante.
61
"ie up

3 bind up

(,e t,ief tied up ,is victim.
El ladrn at a su vctima.
5 be busy, not free
(usually in t,e passive

. cannot see you tonig,t as . $ill be tied up all evening.
No puedo verte esta noche por"ue estar# tapado (lleno de
trabajo) toda la tarde.
"ire ou"

completely ex,aust

(,e long 'ourney tired us all out.
El largo viaje nos dej e1haustos a todos.
"o"al up

add up in number
and quantity
(,e cas,ier totalled up t,e value of bot, c,eques.
El cajero totali7 (sum) el valor de ambos che"ues.
"ouc0 $o%n

land (of planes

(,e plane touc,ed do$n at L am.
El avin baj (aterri7) a las H de la ma(ana.
"ouc0 on

mention

6,e touc,ed on many important sub'ects in class.
Ella toc (mencion) muchos temas importantes en clase.
"rac1 $o%n

capture by trac"ing,
searc, for and find
(,e detective finally trac"ed ,im do$n at t,e library.
El detective 3inalmente lo locali7 en la biblioteca.
"ra$e in

give as part payment

1,y don/t you trade in your old car for a ne$ one2
!or "u# no canjeas tu viejo auto por uno nuevo%
"riffle a%a/

$aste time, money,
opportunities
Bon/t triffle a$ay your time on parties and dances.
No desperdicies el tiempo en 3iestas y bailes.
"rip up

cause to stumble

1alter put ,is foot out and stripped ,is sister up.
Ralter estir su pie e hi7o trope7ar a su hermana.
"r/ on

test clot,es by putting
t,em on
4elen tried on t,e ne$ dress, but it didn/t fit ,er.
2elen se prob el vestido nuevo pero no le iba bien.
"r/ ou"

test by using

&et/s try out t,is ne$ computer before buying it.
robemos esta computadora antes de comprarla.
"une in

find a station on t,e radio
(separable $,en transitive
1e tuned in to listen to t,e ;.;.<. program.
-intoni7amos la radio para escuchar el programa de la *.*.5.
"urn a%a/

3 turn or loo" in a different
direction

6,e turned a$ay because t,e sig,t of t,e accident $as too
muc, for ,er to bear.
Ella se dio vuelta (apart la vista) por"ue la visin del
accidente era demasiado 3uerte para "ue soportarlo.
5 refuse admission, dismiss

(,e stadium $as full so many people ,ad to be turned a$ay.
El estadio estaba lleno y a mucha gente se le recha7 el
ingreso.
"urn bac1

turn in a reverse or contrary
direction (separable $,en
transitive

1e decided to turn bac" $,en $e sa$ all t,e co$s in t,e
middle of t,e road.
<ecidimos dar vuelta (regresar) cuando vimos todas las
vacas en el medio de la carretera.
"urn $o%n
3 put do$n, fold over

4e turned do$n t,e collar of ,is coat.
*aj el cuello de su abrigo..
62

5 reduce or ma"e lo$er by
turning (a s$itc,, a faucet
6,e turned t,e radio do$n $,en t,e telep,one rang.
Redujo el volumen de la radio cuando son el tel#3ono.
"urn in

go to bed (colloquial

1e decided to turn in early after our long 'ourney.
<ecidimos ir a la cama temprano luego de nuestro largo viaje.
"urn insi$e ou"

reverse (usually separated

4e turned all ,is poc"ets inside out but ,e couldn/t find ,is
"ey.
<io vuelta todos los bolsillos pero no pudo encontrar su llave.
"urn in"o

c,ange into

-ur sofa can be turned into a double bed.
Nuestro silln puede ser convertido en una cama doble.
"urn off

prevent $ater, electric current
from flo$ing by using a s$itc,
(urn t,e lig,ts off before you go to bed.
Apaga las luces antes de irte a la cama.
"urn on

allo$ $ater, electric current
to flo$ by using a s$itc,
6,e turned on t,e television and sat do$n.
Encendi el televisor y se sent.
"urn ou"

3 prove to be

Everyt,ing turned out all rig,t in t,e end.
'odo result bien al 3inal.
5 produce

(,e factory turns out t$enty cars eac, day.
0a 3$brica produce veinte automviles por da.
7 empty

(,e police as"ed everyone to turn out t,eir poc"ets.
0a polica le pidi a todos "ue vaciaran sus bolsillos.
G extinguis, by turning

(urn out t,e gas no$: $e/ve finis,ed coo"ing.
Apaga el gas ahora, hemos terminado de cocinar.
"urn up


3 appear, arrive
(colloquial
6everal friends of mine turned up at t,e meeting.
Garios amigos mos aparecieron en la reunin.
5 raise or ma"e ,ig,er by
turning (a s$itc,, a faucet
(,ey turned t,e volume up and a neig,bor "noc"ed at t,e
door.
-ubieron el volumen y un vecino golpe a la puerta.
"urn upsi$e $o%n

disturbe, disarrange
(usually separated

6,e turned t,e $,ole ,ouse upside do$n $,en s,e tried to
find t,e missing "ey.
Ella dio vuelta la casa cuando trat de encontrar la llave "ue
3altaba.
use up
ex,aust t,e supply of,
consume
1e ,ave used up all t,e printing paper. 1e need to buy more.
4emos consumido todo el papel de impresi%n. (enemos que
comprar ms.
us0er in"o lead, conduct
(,e maid us,ered us into t,e modern living#room.
&a mucama nos condu'o ,asta la moderna sala de estar.
ver-e on approac,
4er ,usband/s be,avior al$ays verges on rudeness.
El comportamiento de su marido siempre raya en la groser)a.
volun"eer "o do a tas" 1,en . $as younger . volunteered to teac, Englis, for free.
63
<uando era ms 'oven me ofrec) para enseRar ingls gratis.
%a$e "0rou-0

slo$ly peruse

1e ,ad to $ade t,roug, a pile of documents.
'uvimos "ue recorrer lentamente una pila de documentos.
%ai" on

attend, assist, ,elp

($o salesgirls are $aiting on t,e customer.
<os vendedoras est$n atendiendo al cliente.
%ai" up for

stay out of bed for

4e $aited up for t,e ne$s of ,is daug,ter.
Aguard despierto las noticias de su hija.
%a1e up

stop sleeping

4e $a"es up at six every day.
-e despierta a las seis todos los das.
%al1 abou"

stroll

;efore our flig,t bac" $e spent a pleasant ,our $al"ing about
t,e ;uenos *ires ;otanical Jarden.
Antes de nuestro vuelo de regreso pasamos una agradable
hora paseando por el +ardn *ot$nico de *uenos Aires.
%al1 a%a/ %i"0

$in easily, steal,
ta"e a$ay
(,ey $al"ed a$ay $it, all t,e prizes.
Arrasaron con (-e robaron) todos los premios.
%al1 ou" on

leave, abandon

+y sister is sad because ,er boyfriend $al"ed out on ,er.
Mi hermana est$ apenada por"ue su novio la dej.
%al1 ou" %i"0

court

Cane is $al"ing out $it, an old friend of ,ers.
+ane est$ saliendo con un viejo amigo suyo.
%ar2 up

3 become or ma"e $armer
(separable $,en transitive
3 (,e small fire $armed up all t,e room..
El pe"ue(o 3uego calento toda la habitacin.
5 become more animated

5 4e $armed up $,en ,e sa$ ,is brot,er again.
-e reanim cuando vio a su hermano nuevamente.
%arn off

inform in advance
of $,at may ,appen
(,e guard $arned t,e intruder off not to enter.
El guardia le advirti al intruso "ue no entrara.
%as0 $o%n

clean a car, a s,ip by using
a stream or 'et of $ater
(,e cre$ spent t$o days $as,ing t,e s,ip do$n.
0a tripulacin se pas dos dias baldeando el barco.
%as0 off
%as0 ou"
remove a stain by $as,ing

6,e $as able to $as, t,e dirty mar" out.
Ella pudo eliminar la marca de suciedad.
%as0 up

clean dis,es after a meal
(separable $,en transitive
1,o is $as,ing up tonig,t2
!Dui#n va a lavar los platos esta noche%
%a"c0 ou" for

be$are of, be careful $it,

.f you go into t,e 'ungle, $atc, out for tigers and sna"es.
-i entras en la selva ten cuidado con los tigres y las vboras.
%a"c0 ou"

be$are, be careful

1atc, outI (,e roads are icy today.
@'en cuidadoA 0as carreteras est$n resbaladi7as hoy.
%a"c0 over

guard

(,e s,ep,erd $atc,ed over t,e s,eep.
El pastor vigilaba las ovejas.
64
%a"er $o%n

dilute

(,is soup ,as been $atered do$n.
Esta sopa se ha aguado.
%ear a%a/
%ear $o%n
gradually reduce t,e ,eig,t
by constant $earing
(,e soles of ,is s,oes $ere $orn a$ay.
0as suelas de sus 7apatos estaban desgastadas.
%ear off

diminis,, cease or disappear
gradually
+y toot,ac,e ,as no$ $orn off.
Mi dolor de muelas ya ha desaparecido.
%ear on

pass slo$ly on

(,e nig,t $ore on and still ,e could not sleep.
'ranscurra la noche y a=n as no se poda dormir.
%ear ou"

3 gradually destroy
by $earing or using
3 +y 'ac"et is $earing out, alt,oug, it is only a year old.
Mi cha"ueta se est$ gastando aun"ue apenas tiene un a(o.
5 ex,aust (separable but
usually used in t,e passive
5 . felt $orn out after t,e long flig,t to *ustralia.
Me senta agotado despu#s del largo vuelo a Australia.
%ee$ ou"

remove $eeds or
$,at is un$anted

(,e manager insisted t,at t,ey ,ad to $eed out all t,e
unsuitable candidates as t,ey ,ad to $eed out t,eir gardens.
El gerente insisti "ue tenan "ue eliminar los postulantes
inadecuados como tenan "ue eliminar la male7a de sus
jardines.
%ei-0 ou"

estimate ,o$ ,eavy it is

(,e greengrocer $eig,ed out a "ilo of stra$berries for +olly.
El verdulero calcul un Oilo de 3resas para Molly.
%ei-0 up

consider carefully

4e $eig,ed up ,is c,ances of promotion before quitting..
El anali7 sus oportunidades de ascenso antes de renunciar.
%0ile a%a/

spend some time pleasantly

1e $,iled a$ay t,e $,ole afternoon at t,e ex,ibition.
asamos toda la tarde en la e1posicin.
%in over

convert

(,is priest $on over many people to <,ristianity.
Este sacerdote convirti mucha gente al 5ristianismo.
%in "0rou-0

survive, recover

Bespite all t,e ,ards,ips, ,e $on t,roug,.
-obrevivi a pesar de todas las privaciones.
%in$ up

3 turn t,e spring of a mac,ine
or a cloc" to ma"e it go
3 . forgot to $ind up my cuc"oo cloc" last nig,t.
Anoche olvid# darle cuerda a mi reloj cuc=.
5 end a meeting or speec,
(separable $,en transitive
5 (,e meeting $ill $ind up $it, a fe$ Englis, songs.
0a reunion 3inali7ar$ con algunas canciones inglesas.
%ipe ou"

destroy, anni,ilate

* to$n near +iami $as $iped out by t,e tornado.
Ln pueblo pr1imo a Miami 3ue ani"uilada por el tornado.
%ipe up

ta"e up liquid by $iping
usually $it, a mop
4e rus,ed to $ipe up t,e pool of coffee on t,e $ooden floor.
5orri a secar el charco de ca3# sobre el piso de madera.
%i"0er up

become dry, faded or dead

6ome flo$ers soon $it,er up under t,e rays of t,e sun.
Algunas 3lores se marchitan pronto bajo los rayos del sol.
65
%or1 in

introduce

(,e aut,or $or"ed in a fe$ lines about ,is o$n life in *frica.
El autor introdujo algunas lneas sobre su vida en A3rica.
%or1 in %i"0

fit in $it,

4is ideas for a ne$ factory did not $or" in $it, t,ose of ,is
employers and ,e $as fired.
-us ideas de una nueva planta no encajaron con las de sus
empleadores y 3ue despedido.
%or1 off

get rid of, get over

4e $or"ed off ,is depression by visiting +enem/s properties.
-uper su depresin visitando las propiedades de Menem.
%or1 ou"

3 plan, solve by careful study

3 <an you $or" t,is puzzle out2
!uedes resolver este acertijo%
5 ex,aust by $or"ing

5 (,e old coal mine ,as already been $or"ed out.
0a antigua mina de carbn ya ha sido agotada.
7 be calculated at

7 (,e restaurant bill $or"ed out at 5= dollars eac,.
0a cuenta del restaurante result a BF dlares por persona.
G produce t,e desired result

G (,eir plan did not $or" out and t,e robbers $ere caug,t.
-u plan no 3uncion y los ladrones 3ueron capturados.
%or1 up

3 excite, arouse

3 (,e dictator $or"ed up t,e emotions of t,e cro$d.
El dictador despert las emociones de la multitud.
5 study more t,oroug,ly

5 6,e told us to $or" up 7== 0,rasal :erbs for t,e exam.
Nos indic "ue estudi$ramos en detalle IFF Gerbos >rasales
para el e1amen.
%or1 up "o

progress gradually to

4is novel $or"s up to a t,rilling climax.
-u novela avan7a gradualmente hacia un 3inal apasionante.
%or2 ou"

find out by devious means
find our $it,out scruples
Bon/t let $orm out your secret so easily.
No permitas "ue te sonsa"uen tu secreto con tanta 3acilidad.
%rap up

3 cover, put round,
roll up
3 .t $as very cold so . $rapped myself up in a blan"et.
Estaba muy 3ro de modo "ue me envolv en una manta.
5 $ind or fold as
a covering
5 6,e $rapped up t,e gift in a beautiful silver paper.
Envolvi el regalo en un hermoso papel plateado.
%ri--le ou" of

avoid

*manda al$ays tries to $riggle out of ,er responsibilities.
Amanda siempre trata de evitar sus responsabilidades.
%rin1le up

to get $rin"les in perplexity

4e $rin"led up ,is face and admitted ,e $as puzzled.
>runci el ce(o y acept estar esconcertado.
%ri"e $o%n

ma"e a note

. $rote do$n t,e instructions.
'om# nota de las instrucciones.
%ri"e in"o

add to in $riting

(,e terms $ere $ritten into t,e lease.
-e agregaron por escrito las condiciones a la locacin.
66
%ri"e off

cancel, regard as

(,ey $ere forced to $rite off several irretrievable debts.
Nos vimos 3or7ados a dar de baja varias deudas incobrables.
%ri"e oneself ou"

ex,aust one/s ideas
in $riting

(,e novelist appears to ,ave $ritten ,imself out because
not,ing ne$ ,as emerged from ,is pen since 5===.
El novelista parece haber agotado sus ideas por"ue nada
nuevo ha salido de su pluma desde el a(o BFFF.
%ri"e ou"

$rite in full

(,e $itness $rote out ,is account of t,e acident.
El testigo pas en limpio su versin del accidente.
%ri"e up

compose in $riting

. used my notes to $rite up t,e report.
Ls# mis notas para redactar el in3orme.
/earn af"er desire strongly
4elen yearned after t,e sig,t of t,e old, familiar ,ouse.
4elen aRoraba ver la vie'a casa familiar.
/earn for
,ave affection forD
feel tenderness for
;ot, brot,ers yearn for t,eir native land in 6pain.
&os dos ,ermanos aRoran su tierra natal en EspaRa.