White paper Q4/09

Extending the Reach of

Telecommunications Services
in High Growth Markets

Realize Your Potential

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Contents
1 I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

3 II DEFINING HIGH GROWTH MARKETS

5 III OPPORTUNITIES FOR OPERATORS

5 3.1 Declines in ARPU can be partially offset by a large
number of potential subscribers
6 3.2 Larger scale, better operating effect
6 3.3 Specific groups may bring vitality to your operation

7 IV OPERATOR STRATEGY
7 4.1 Increasing network and business coverage
7 4.2 Business innovation is key to acquiring low-income markets
8 4.3 Striking gold with high-return markets

10 V DEFINING SUCCESS FOR OPERATORS

10 5.1 Low-ARPU Network Solution
11 5.1.1 Affordable Network Construction Costs
13 5.1.2 Affordable Network Operating Costs
14 5.2 Mobile Broadband Solution
15 5.3 Smart services innovation platform
16 5.4 Customized Strategy Matched with Operator's
Terminal Roadmap
17 5.5 Wisdom in management and service solution

18 VI CONCLUSION

19 VII GLOSSARY

20 VIII REFERENCES
I
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In recent years, the telecommunications industry has begun to unlock the

potential presented by high growth markets (HGM), but the industry has only
scratched the surface of this vital and dynamic market. HGMs offer operators
unprecedented opportunity in the new global telecommunications market. From
their tremendous, and often unconnected, population base, to the high-level of
business activity and tourism, this market is ripe for new technology.
Many HGMs have introduced open telecommunications regulatory policies aimed
at encouraging competition. External forces, such as the strengthening global
economy, convergence and penetration of the telecommunications industry, also
heighten the appeal. Many international telecommunications giants have shifted
their focus from mature and saturated markets to these new arenas. It suggests
that the cost of competition for more users continues to rise amid the straight
decline of ARPU.
To capitalize on the limitless opportunity while managing the challenges of this
dynamic market, many operators have found that business innovation is the key
to the rapid expansion of network coverage and acquisition of low-income users.
Delivering customized solutions to the high-value youth and business community
in HGMs has helped operators stand out from the competitive crowd, thus
expanding their customer base and increasing revenue.
For operators looking to realize their strategic goals in HGMs, it is important to
look across five major areas:

1
 ( 1 ) Low-ARPU Solutions: Using customized low-ARPU solutions help
operators to provide basic communications services for more users by
effectively managing network construction costs and operating costs

( 2 ) Mobile Broadband Solutions: Solutions that increase quantity and

revenue are key to helping operators guarantee user experience in the most
cost-effective way under an intelligent network architecture, while protecting
their existing investment in the future-oriented evolution process

( 3 ) The Right Service Platform: A flexible and innovative service platform

is key to delivering a high-quality service experience, which in turn helps to
retain and secure more valuable customer resources

( 4 ) Terminal Roadmap Strategy: Finding the right strategy that matches

an operator's terminal roadmap, helps operators pursue refinement and
improvement based on their characteristics and needs throughout the
planning, manufacturing, marketing, and service furnishing process

( 5 ) Smart Strategic Partnerships: As operators focus on the core business,

it is imperative that their strategic partners provide smart management and
services solutions as well as dedicated service teams

2
II
DEFINING HIGH GROWTH MARKETS

HGMs are defined as countries with very large and growing populations, less
developed economies, low penetration rates of telecoms services, and immense
growth potential. HGMs focused on in this report include China, India and
Bangladesh in Asia, Brazil in Latin America, and South Africa in Africa.
Due to low income levels, ROI (Return on Investment) and rural-urban divide,
HGMs represent tremendous growth opportunities for operators. There is
unprecedented opportunity in HGMs for the adoption of cutting-edge services,
according to the penetration rates of ICT services. In addition, it has been 10
years since the tenets of the WTO's Basic Telecommunication Agreement - aimed
at reducing tariffs on information technology products - took effect, thus aiding
the expansion of telecommunication companies worldwide, and in HGMs in
particular.
The opening up of the telecommunications regulatory system started a trend
towards favorable telecommunications policies, while the tremendous growth
potential provided opportunity for strong partnerships resulting in state-of-
the-art, next generation networks and services. HGMs offer significant global
subscriber growth potential. Overall, according to research by Informa Telecoms
& Media, there will be more than one billion[1] broadband subscribers worldwide
in 2011, with the majority using a mobile, rather than fixed, system.

The HGMs have two distinct market segments. One is the vast, untapped rural
and low-income population that is starved of connection with the outside world;

3
 the other is the well-off consumer segment that has disposable income available
for high-tech purchases. Income levels of HGMs generally resemble a pyramid,
with the middle class showing the greatest potential for immediate growth. For
example, in India, the development of a booming IT service outsourcing industry
helped to establish mounts of middle class consumers. When the market
segments are further examined, evidence suggests that the true gap comes from
age disparity, rather than income, indicating that the highest growth potential
will come from the youth market.

100+
95-99
90-94
85-89
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Figure 1: Age distribution in HGMs[2]

4
III
OPPORTUNITIES FOR OPERATORS

Average revenue per user (ARPU) is typically low in HGMs (Mostly between five
to 20 dollars and sometimes even less than three). What is the rationale behind
continuous investment by new operators in such a competitive and low ARPU
environment? The promise of huge subscriber numbers, a scalable business model,
and the value brought by various market segments.

3.1 Declines in ARPU can be partially offset by a large number of

potential subscribers

Two major trends are occurring in HGMs that affect the telecommunications
industry – the institution of favorable laws and regulations that encourage foreign
and private investment and an extremely congested and competitive marketplace.
In 2008, mobile operators saw a rapid decline in RPM (revenue per minute) in
nearly all high growth countries.
The large amount of potential subscribers could partially offset the negative
effects caused by low ARPU. By 2013, telecoms industry analyst Ovum forecasts
5.63 billion connections, up 43 percent from 2008. High growth markets are key
to this continued growth. The China-India region (containing China and India, as
well as Pakistan and Bangladesh) will continue to be the main connections growth
engine, with a cumulative annual growth rate (CAGR ) of 12 percent up to 2013.
Penetration is forecasted to rise from 40 percent in 2008 to 67 percent in 2013.
Asia-Pacific and Africa are also expected to add to the number of connections.[3] It
is predicted that subscriber rates will continue to rise steadily in HGMs as current
telecom penetration remains low in these areas.

5
 3.2 Larger scale, better operating effect

Not having enough market share, or a scalable business model, is a losing

equation for telecom operators, in HGMs in particular. According to the Indian
operator Idea's Quarterly Report, the industry had a growth rate of ten percent
in total sales and 11 percent in EBITA during the third quarter of 2009, while
subscriber rates showed an 11 percent increase over the previous quarter. All of
which indicates that scalability plays a critical role in revenue and profits.
Increased scale, in combination with precision control, could help operators
to increase customer loyalty and create value. In order to gain an edge over
the fierce competition, operators should focus on rapidly expanding in the
marketplace, seizing opportunities through innovative solutions and business
models that allow them to break the broadband bottleneck and provide a
ubiquitous broadband experience. To achieve these goals, it is critical for
operators to work with a strategic partner who can offer end-to-end-solutions,
time-to-market delivery and tailored operational proposals.

3.3 Specific groups may bring vitality to your operation

Recently, the youth and business

Country Average Below 25
communities have played a much more
important role in high growth countries. India 24.8 50.3%
The sheer number of young people in some
Pakistan 20.1 59.5%
HGMs represents an opportunity in and of
itself. As of 2008, the average age of India's Egypt 24.3 53%

population was 24.8, with 50.3 percent Turkey 28.2 55%

being under 25. Similarly, the average age in
Mexico 25.6 49%
Pakistan was 20.1, with 59.5 percent being
under 25, and in Mexico, the average age China 33.6 37%

was 25.6, with 49 percent being under 25. [4]

Source: U.S census bureau international data, India 2008

To be successful with this up-and-coming market force, operators must develop

strategies targeted to these consumers, such as a focus on pop culture and
personalized media. For example, China Mobile, the biggest operator in China,
was able to achieve an ARPU of 17 dollars from its youth-based, pre-paid brand,
M-Zone. China Mobile's M-Zone brand succeeded because it took the interests
of the youth market into account by offering features specifically for them.

6
IV
OPERATOR STRATEGY

4.1 Increasing network and business coverage

Pursuing large numbers of subscribers, without first having a wide and stable
coverage network, would be like a river without water or a tree without roots.
The GSM network run by Indian operator, Reliance, is a benchmark of the Indian
communications market, resulting from its excellent quality, high speed and rate
of business delivery. Reliance began initial deployment of this network in 2001,
and by 2008, it covered the entire country. The fast and high-quality delivery of
Reliance's GSM network allows the company to manage CDMA and GSM dual
network operations, while successfully preventing them from competing against
each other. Solid GSM network coverage helped Reliance become the number
two mobile communications company in India.
For operators seeking to deploy new networks and solutions, finding the right
partner, who can help them realize their strategic goals, is an essential element
of delivering high quality services to end users.

4.2 Business innovation is key to acquiring low-income markets

It is forecasted that data, including messaging, revenue will increase at a rate

of 79 percent globally over the next five years.[5] Data services in HGMs cannot
succeed without focusing on low-income groups. Like with all market segments,
attracting and maintaining low-income subscribers requires operators to focus on
innovative services related to a community's consumption, educational pursuits,
and medical care needs, which can help to improve an operator's reputation,
adding value to their brand, and their wallets.
For the low-income groups, the service would be universally accepted only when
value is defined for them and realized by both the operators and the end users.

7
 An example of a breakthrough technology is the CellBazaar platform provided by
GrameenPhone Company, co-founded by Grameen Telecom and Telenor, which
won the "Best Use of Mobile for Social and Economic Development” award
in 2009 given by global mobile awards of 3GSMA, for its applications to the
agriculture industry.
Previously, most rural dwellers in HGMs had limited access to telecommunications,
and thus little access to information critical to the agriculture marketplace, such
as pricing. Without this information, these dwellers were not able to determine
fair market value for their products, leaving most of the profits to the middlemen.
CellBazaar technology helps this population to access information about
agricultural products by establishing a direct channel between rural dwellers and
final buyers, which improves price transparency, reduces the need for a middle
man, and increases their income.

4.3 Striking gold with high-return markets

How can operators offer the diverse telecom services required in HGMs, while
gaining a significant increase in ARPU? By developing a strategy that serves
multiple needs and offers innovative solutions, tailored for each individual market
segment.

8
As discussed earlier, the youth market represents an enormous opportunity for
operators in HGMs, as the 25 and under set make up a large percentage of these
populations. In view of this, and based on a full study on the youth market's
purchasing power and consumption behavior, it is important for operators to use
customized marketing strategies and solutions that enable them to get optimal
benefits. For example, to reach this market, Globe, a telecom operator in the
Philippines, has built partnerships with content service providers such as Yahoo
and Friendster. In addition, the company developed its own multi-play, integrated
application platform, combining Twitter, Facebook, Friendster, and other popular
social media platforms, together to simplify the customer experience. This
platform allows people to be able to keep in touch with friends on line when
they are, for example, out at a party.
However, finding a way to maximize value from an often highly transient
market has been a key concern for operators. In many HGM countries, the
underdeveloped rural economies urge many to move from home to the more
developed cities, resulting in tremendous population mobility. The economies
in the more developed regions and cities have resulted in higher numbers of
business people in these areas. Understanding each of these market segments
and carrying out a specific and targeted marketing program helps operators
increase profits.

9
 V
DEFINING SUCCESS FOR OPERATORS

Solution Measures Benefits to Customers

Low-ARPU network All-IP Reduce TCO, enhance network efficiency,
solutions Larger capacity and wider coverage cut down network construction cost, and
Smooth evolution expand market share.t

Green and energy efficient solution Reduce network operation cost and
for emission reduction realize carbon neutral and green GDP.

Quantity + revenue
increase mobile
broadband solutions
Solutions such as "Two-Cloud" and Provide intelligent network architecture,
Single RAN improve wireless air interface
NGN mobile communication utilization, effectively identify P2P
technologies such as HSPA+ and LTE/ traffic and management such traffic,
SAE effectively ensure user experience, and
IPN protect existing resources.

Smart business "Platform + service + operation" Meet the greatest differentiated and
innovation platform "Platform–converged billing solution" individualized requirements in the market.
Offer one-stop billing solutions.

Customization strategy
matched with operator's
terminal roadmap
Terminal planning conducted based on
customer requirements
Chip selection and production according
to product planning
Bundled sale of products and services
Meet various requirements in the terminal
market, build an industry ecosystem,
and provide customized terminals and
operating systems to end users.

Smart management EOT Risk sharing for the employment of new

service solution Outsourcing technology and networks
Multi-operators management Focus on the core business technology
and maintenance Simplify the management and
maintenance

5.1 Low-ARPU Network Solution

A low-ARPU solution can ensure business success for operators, while helping end users gain
equal access rights to information networks. With the help of the operator's network, a rural
mountain village can step into the digital world helping poor villagers to change their destinies
through modern communications.

10
5.1.1 Affordable Network Construction Costs

Given the large proportion of network infrastructure investment costs in telecom

operators' operating costs, it is crucial for operators to manage network
construction costs. Compared with developed countries, the HGM countries
enjoy low land, capital construction, and human cost advantages. Their major
network cost pressure comes from network facilities. In fact, network equipment
prices are not very flexible. To drastically slash costs, the operators have no other
alternative but to pursue technological innovation in addition to adopting cost-
effective site design.

All-IP Solutions Reduce TCO

In the past several years, the maturation of IP technology has brought about
all kinds of miracles including the efficient utilization of network resources and
simplification of network structure, all of which have greatly reduced costs, to
the surprise and delight of operators. Operators in China, India, Indonesia, Brazil
and other countries have realized that the All-IP-based network, ranging from
core network to wireless/wired network, builds strong data telecom technology
that boosts capability and competitiveness.

Strong partnerships are again key to success in this area. Operators should
seek partners that advocate All-IP-based networks in ICT, are dedicated to
introducing IP technologies to telecommunications networks, and are committed
to enhancing the commercial interests of all telecom operators in HGMs. These
elements will help operators to protect their existing investment and realize
smooth and cost-effective evolution to All-IP networks resulting in commercial
success.

11
 Larger Capacity and Wider Coverage Boost Network Efficiency

Operators seeking networks that offer large capacity, high density, and low
energy consumption, should incorporate large-capacity networking solutions
in the areas of optical transmission, data communications, and core network.
These types of solutions have been successfully deployed for high-capacity events
such as during the Pilgrimage to Mecca, Diwali Festival in India, and Ramadan in
Muslim countries. To meet high growth market demand for reducing network
deployment costs, wireless access technology solutions help operators to realize
maximum coverage with the minimum number of sites. Some solutions provide
coverage solutions that increase the radius by more than 20 percent above the
average and increase the area of coverage by 40 percent. Such a coverage level
is sufficient to reduce 30 percent of base stations.

Smooth Migration and Evolution Protect Carrier Investment

In a high growth market, the latest technologies often coexist with the most
traditional services (such as the coexistence of 2G/3G and the evolution to
LTE). It is therefore imperative for telecom operators to protect their investment
without losing their leadership position. Operators do this by using solutions that
provide end-to-end support for smooth evolution from 2G to 3G, while helping
them realize carrier-level reliability and ensure effective protection for investment.

Application scenarios are changing rapidly in high growth markets. Having

solutions that offer unified network management for access to PDH, SDH,
ATM, Ethernet, and xDSL through any media such as optical, wireless and
cable TV are critical. The leading ASON technology, unified platform, network-
based microwave system, and microwave are coupled with integrated wireless
installation and designed to realize low TCO throughout the life cycle of the
transmission network. With a large 2G subscriber base, the high growth markets
are riding a wave of LTE and solutions are necessary that deliver features such
as PDH/SDH convergence, TDM/packet convergence, optical and wireless
convergence solutions to realize smooth network migration.

12
5.1.2 Affordable Network Operating Costs

Network operating costs directly affect each operator's profitability and present a
common issue to operators in emerging countries. A complete and mature low
OPEX solution can help operators reduce network operating costs.

By analyzing the OPEX of telecom operators, Huawei has found that energy
consumption accounts for 50 percent. Therefore, the operators can realize OPEX
reduction targets by deploying a green and energy saving solution for emission
reduction. If one combines this solution with a TCO evaluation, the result is an
emission reduction solution with higher economical feasibility. Based on an in-
depth analysis of many customers' incumbent network data with respect to energy
consumption, Huawei has found that operators' energy consumption can be mainly
attributed to electrical energy and power consumption concentrated in the access
network, including wireless sites and broad access sites. Wireless site energy
consumption accounts for over 70 percent of the total energy consumption of
many mobile operators, whereas fixed line operators consume a smaller proportion,
just over 40 percent, of energy consumption in the access part of the network.
Consequently, the focus of network energy efficiency shall be on access network
sites, followed by core central offices and transmission networks. In addition,
new logistics technology can be used to achieve energy efficiency and emission
reduction targets for packaging and transportation in the manufacturing industry.

For many years, the people of the remote southern Pakistan village of
Theri Mirwah suffered from poor telecommunications network quality
for the low coverage density which was a result of its remote location.
The cost of maintaining traditional base stations in the region was
prohibitively high.

Huawei's "Village Connection Solution" addressed this challenge. In

2008, leveraging the abundant sunlight in the area, Huawei developed
a tailored solution adopting solar base stations for the village. Within
two months and in spite of significant challenges, including stifling
daytime temperatures of 60oC - the country's first solar-powered base
station was built. This solar solution meant reduced operating costs
and improved network coverage in Theri Mirwah.

13
 Under an alternative energy solution, solar/wind power and diesel generators are
used to reduce network damage due to power supply interruption and greatly
save power supply consumption. In the area of fixed line access, the power
consumption of a DSL line accounts for approximately 40 percent of the entire
port's power. The DSM technology can automatically adjust the PSD template
of each DSL line, eliminate crosstalk, boost the line rate by 15 percent, and
effectively reduce port power consumption by about 40 percent. The first key
energy efficiency measures for the core central office, is to replace traditional
servers with blade servers and thus realize drastic reduction in emissions from
hardware. For DSL equipment, effective DSM technology can be used to reduce
meaningless power consumption by eliminating crosstalk. By deploying an
end-to-end green solution, the operators can realize drastic OPEX reduction.
Meanwhile, the green solution plays a pivotal role in making operators carbon-
neutral and turning a green GDP.

5.2 Mobile Broadband Solution

In the vast and sparsely populated rural areas of most high growth market
countries, telecom operators face enormous network construction difficulty due
to complex topography. The traditional fixed line telephony and broadband
access mode require hefty investment, whereas mobile broadband is more cost-
competitive. Compared with fixed line broadband, mobile broadband can offer
greater convenience. In urban areas, the key subscribers of mobile broadband
are most likely young people and business people. These two customer groups
are the focus for high growth market operators.

The traditional mobile broadband solution faces a conundrum that the operator's
service revenue cannot grow in proportion to the surging data service traffic.
According to our research, when mobile data service traffic grows 50 to100
fold, the corresponding data service revenue grows only by 10 to 20 percent.
As a result, the operators have to take into account cost and revenue factors
when they make mobile broadband network investments, which adversely affect
network construction and operation.

14
 Solutions are available to operators that can help solve these programs.
Intelligent architecture-based broadband network solutions that provide an
intelligent network architecture for operators, help them to guarantee user
experience in the most cost-effective way. While also enhancing user experience,
these solutions can significantly boost wireless air interface utilization efficiency
and reduce cost per bit. Combined they can reverse the trend of increasing
traffic, without matching revenue gains.

5.3 Smart services innovation platform

Value-added services and high-quality network operation are the most important
driving forces to improve customer experience. Innovative applications can
provide excellent user experience that help operators to maintain and obtain
more valued customers, while also pushing network transformation and bringing
in create profits.

In the Philippines, which has 70 million cell phone users, over 1 billion messages
are sent every day, with an average of 14 messages per person[6]. This high
messaging volume has brought about even greater industrial value through
advertising messages. Offering the right services can supply customers with a
greater experience and greater value. Huawei has partnered with an intelligent
service provider, specializing in music, to build the “Digital Music Alliance,”
which aims to provide a customized integrated solution - “Platform +Services+
Operation,” that meets the needs of differentiation and personalization in
developing digital music market.

15
 Under the trend of industrial integration and transformation, customers have put
more emphasis on services and operations. Integrated service solutions including
3G, Full-service and IMS, can operate in a variety of heterogeneous networks,
helping operators rapidly deploy new businesses. Huawei's unified and powerful
platform “Convergent Billing Solution,” combines the strengths of CAPEX
and OPEX and aims to provide one-stop billing service for all users and to help
operators reduce CAPEX and OPEX. It can also supply a flexible tariff strategy
and specific operation model, helping to enhance subscribers' loyalty.

5.4 Customized Strategy Matched with Operator's Terminal

Roadmap

Mobile terminals have entered a development stage full of change and vitality. On
one hand, the increasingly powerful hardware platform enables mobile terminals
to carry an increasing number of functions. New terminals are launched one
after another and terminal devices have been changed substantively over recent
years. On the other hand, fast-growing mobile communications services in
the global high growth market present tremendous growth potential for entry-
level terminals. Telecom operators, software providers and service providers are
actively exploring a suitable terminal development path based on their respective
strength according to the characteristics of high growth markets.

Operators looking to enhance their terminal program can work with partners
from the earliest stages of technology development to ensure high returns.
Operators can work with partners on the product planning stage, where together
they develop market segmentation strategies based on detailed customer
behavior characteristic data in the operator's operation and maintenance system,
and then formulate a terminal product plan based on customer segmentation
and customer behavior trends. The product manufacturing stage would

16
 involve selecting the appropriate terminal chip platform and entrusting the
manufacturing of the terminal device to this partner. The right partner can
help operators at the sales stage as well, to leverage their combined channel
advantages and realize the bundled sales of terminal products and services.
During post-sale, partners work together with the operators to customize the
system of operation and undertake refinement and improvement under an open-
source operating system in accordance with the operator's characteristics and
needs.

5.5 Wisdom in management and service solution

How can operators improve their business, gain customers, and overcome
fierce competition? By paying more attention to the core business in HGMs.
For operators looking to save on network management and maintenance,
gain benefits in rapid deployment, lower costs, have predictable network
performance and simplify network management, they should adopt diverse and
customized all network E2E solutions including EOT, outsourcing services, multi-
operators management and co-dimension. For operators needing to deploy a
new network or adopting new technology, entering into the market quickly and
reducing network deployment and maintenance has been their focus. Solutions
that provide services including maintenance organization/process establishment
and daily network maintenance can to help operators to reduce risk in new
technology/network deployment.

Solutions are also available for operators wishing to delegate the duties
of daily operation of their core business to strategic partners, including
outsourcing services such as NOC maintenance, on-site maintenance, spare
parts maintenance and network performance management. For operators with
equipment from different providers, there are multi-operators management
solutions available to simplify the management complexity.

17
 VI
CONCLUSION

High growth markets offer enormous untapped opportunity for the

telecommunications industry. By focusing on specific market segments, such
as the youth and business communities, operators can increase subscriber
numbers, loyalty and increase revenue. Customized, tailored solutions can
help operators distinguish themselves in this highly competitive market. The
key areas of strategic focus for operators in HGMs are implementing low-
ARPU solutions, cost-effective mobile broadband solutions, innovative and
flexible platforms, appropriate terminal roadmap strategies, and forming smart
strategic partnerships.

18
VII
GLOSSARY

Abbreviations: Full name: Abbreviations: Full name:

ARPU Average Revenue Per User IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
ASON Automatically Switched IPN Internet Personal Number
Optical Network LTE Long Term Evolution
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode NGN Next Generation Network
BRIC Brazil, Russia, India and NMS Network Management
China System
CAPEX Capital Expenditure NOC Network Operations Center
CDMA Code-Division Multiple O&M Operation and Maintenance
Access OPEX Operational Expenditure
CRBT Coloring Ring Back Tone P2P Point to Point
Operation PDH Plesiochronous Digital
DSL Digital Subscriber Line Hierarchy
DSM Domain-specific Modeling PSD Packet Switch Domain
EOT Ethernet-over-Transport RNOC Regional Network
EBITA Earnings before Interest, Operation Center
Taxes and Amortization RPM Revenue Per Minute
E2E End to End ROI Return on Investment
FMC Fixed-mobile Convergence SAE System Architecture
GSM Global System for Mobile Evolution
Communications SDH Synchronous Digital
HGM High Growth Market Hierarchy
HSPA High Speed Packet Access TCO Total Cost of Ownership
ICT Information and TDM Time Division Multiplexing
Communications Technology xDSL Digital Subscriber Line

19
 VII
REFERENCES

[1] Informa, October 19, 2008. Global Mobile No.11.

[2] U.S census bureau international data, 2008.
[3] Ovum, Global Mobile Market Outlook 2008-2013.
[4] U.S. Census Bureau International Data, 2008.
[5] Ovum, Global Mobile Market Outlook: 2008-2013.
[6] ZDNet Asia, September 12, 2009. Philippine SMS tax 'burden' and 'dangerous'.

20
Realize Your Potential
Realize Your Potential