MODULAP PADlANT PANELS

enery savns

CALOR SRL Str. Progresul 30-40, sect. 5, Bucuresti, tel: 021.411.44.44, www.calorserv.ro - ofertare@calor.ro
Genera/ information on radiance
Padiance is a process by which Ihermal energy is Iranserred beIween
Iwo bodies aI dierenI IemperaIures.
Thermal radiance lies wiIhin Ihe wider phenomenon o propagaIion or
elecIromagneIic radiaIion emiIIed by bodies and iI is IransmiIIed roma
warmer body Io a cooler one aI Ihe speed o lighI wiIhouI heaIing Ihe
air.
lI is common experience, in acI, IhaI on sunny days our body is in a
condiIion o Ihermal wellbeing even aI exIremely low air IemperaIures.
On Ihe conIrary, when moving Io Ihe shade, Ihe sensaIion o Ihermal
comorI is immediaIely losI, even Ihough in boIh cases Ihe air
IemperaIure is Ihe same.
lI is clear IhaI wiIh a radianI heaIing sysIem, condiIions o wellbeing
can be mainIained even Ihough Ihe air IemperaIure is kepI low.
The IemperaIure IhaI deIermines Ihe sIaIe o wellbeing is noI only Ihe air
IemperaIure, buI also Ihe socalled operaIing IemperaIure, which derives
rom Ihe combined eecI o Ihe air IemperaIure (I ) and o Ihe average
a
radianI IemperaIure (I ) o all Ihe suraces in Ihe room, such as Ihe
mr
ceiling, loor and walls, and o course Ihe radianI panels.
AnalyIically, Ihe operaIing IemperaIure can be approximaIed as an
ariIhmeIical average o Ihe Iwo IemperaIures, IhaI is:
I +I
a mr
I =
op
2
The Iransmission o heaI by radiance o a body is a value deIermined by
iIs IemperaIure and by Ihe composiIion o iIs surace.
lor Ihe evaluaIion o Ihe Ihermal balance in a building, iI is necessary Io
calculaIe Ihe average radianI IemperaIure o Ihe inIernal suraces. This
IemperaIure depends on Iheir Ihermal conducIiviIy, on Ihe exIernal
IemperaIure, on Ihe inIernal air IemperaIure, and on Ihe exchange by
radiance wiIh oIher suraces including Ihe panels.
8asically, Ihe radianI panels wiIh iIs warmsuraces compensaIes or Ihe
cold suraces o Ihe walls and heaIs Ihe air.
The Ihermal energy emiIIed by a good ceiling mounIed radianI panel is
IransmiIIed 70% by radiance and Ihe resI by convecIion.
During Ihe design phase, iI will be deIermined how many panels in IhaI
speciic conIexI are capable o ensuring Ihe desired operaIing
IemperaIure.
To obIain Ihis resulI, Ihe sIudy requires a proound knowledge o Ihe
problemwiIh all applicable variables.
2
CALOR SRL Str. Progresul 30-40, sect. 5, Bucuresti, tel: 021.411.44.44, www.calorserv.ro - ofertare@calor.ro
3
Advantages of radiance heating
Hereunder are Ihe reasons why radiance heaIing romabove is Ihe mosI
valid and advanIageous sysIem or large volumes, rom Ihe Ihree
viewpoinIs o eiciency, eecIiveness and savings, as compared wiIh
any oIher sorI o alIernaIive sysIem (IhermovenIilaIion, hoI air, hoI air
generaIors, gas panels, eIc.):
The sysIem possesses exIremely limiIed Ihermal inerIia. This makes iI
possible Io rapidly reach Ihe desired IemperaIure wiIhouI long
preheaIing periods, which resulIs in energy savings.
The sysIemis able Io perormiIs uncIions as soon as iI is sIarIed. This
is because, by eliminaIing Ihe heaI loss o Ihe body by radiaIion,
people reach a saIisying sIaIe o wellbeing even when Ihe ambienI
IemperaIure is relaIively low.
lI is a direcIional sysIem, which means iI can assure wellbeing in Ihe
heaIed zones, Ihose occupied by persons, wiIh modesI inIererence in
adjacenI zones.
The sysIemis pracIically ree o Ihermal gradienI, whose inluence on
Ihermal requiremenI is subsIanIial in Ialler buildings. MosI o Ihe heaI
loss in large rooms is Ihrough Ihe roo, and iI only Iakes a ew exIra
degrees in Ihe air aI roo level Io subsIanIially increase losI heaI.
VenIilaIion can Iake place wiIh less energy consumpIion, since Ihe
same level o comorI is aIIained wiIh a lower ambienI air
IemperaIure.
Due Io Ihe radianI eecI o Ihe panels, Ihe surace o Ihe loor and
every oIher exposed body is heaI up rapidly. Clearly, Ihis avourably
inluences Ihe sIaIe o wellbeing o persons in Ihe room or passing
Ihrough.
The sysIem does noI occupy space on Ihe loor, does noI obsIrucI
movemenI and does noI condiIion Ihe use o loor space (holes,
machine bases, movemenI o producIion lines, eIc.).
The sysIemdoes noI cause air movemenI, as insIead happens wiIh hoI
air sysIems. Thereore, iI can be also be used in dusIy environmenIs.
The absence o air movemenI means IhaI people are noI disIurbed by
Ihis.
The sysIem does noI produce any noise which mighI cause iI Io be
Iurned o.
WiIh new liIing means (elevaIor plaIorms and so on) which are
readily available Ioday, insIallaIion is especially sae and economical.
The sysIem does noI require any special mainIenance as iI does noI
have any moving parIs and remains unchanged over Iime.
There is no risk o ire, Ihere are no lammable parIs, and wiIh Ihe
excepIion o Ihe heaIing planI, no uels are used which would limiI
use based on saeIy consideraIions.
lnsIallaIion does noI normally require masonry work.
CALOR SRL Str. Progresul 30-40, sect. 5, Bucuresti, tel: 021.411.44.44, www.calorserv.ro - ofertare@calor.ro
+
Standard LN 140J7 on cei/ing mounted
radiant pane/s
Luropean sIandard LN !40J7, by providing Ihe speciicaIions and
Iechnical requiremenIs IhaI ceiling mounIed radianI panels musI meeI,
ensures Ihe qualiIy o Ihese producIs. The requiremenIs concern Ihe
proIecIion o suraces, sIabiliIy and hold o Ihe panels and suspensions,
resisIance Io pressure, and dimensional Iolerances.
The sIandard deines Ihe IesI meIhod or deIermining Ihe Ihermal
emission o Ihe panels.
Lmissions are measured in a closed IesI chamber, wiIh Ihe six inIernal
suraces cooled. Above Ihe panel, Ihermal insulaIion is placed IhaI has
cerIain characIerisIics. During Ihe IesI, Ihe six suraces o Ihe chamber
musI show no dierence in IemperaIure. The low o waIer in Ihe pipes
musI be IurbulenI. The IemperaIure o Ihe room is measured by Iwo
IhermomeIers. One o Ihem is sensiIive Io radiance, and Ihe oIher is
shielded Io measure Ihe air IemperaIure.
These IesIs also provide Ihe average surace IemperaIure o Ihe panel
and Ihe percenIage o Ihermal power emiIIed by radiance.
AcIually, a panel insIalled in a room inIeracIs dierenIly depending on
Ihe elemenIs around iI. !usI consider Ihe how diiculI iI is Io deIermine
Ihe coniguraIion acIors o Ihe various suraces wiIh respecI Io Ihe
posiIion o Ihe occupanI. Thereore, iIs acIual emission may be dierenI
romwhaI was deIermined in Ihe laboraIory IesIs.
8ased on emissions obIained as per sIandard LN !40J7, iI is now
possible Io make a serious comparison o Ihe various producIs on Ihe
markeI.
LCOPAN cei/ing mounted radiant pane/s
Long experience o insIallers, along wiIh sIudies and Iechnical research
carried ouI boIh in Ihe ield and in laboraIories, have made iI possible Io
develop soluIions or which Ihe LCOPAN panel disIinguishes iIsel.
These soluIions are:
Ihe parIicular proile sIamped onIo Ihe sheeI meIal
Ihe ease o insIalling Ihe insulaIion
Ihe wide range o models wiIh pipes o and
Ihe dipcoaI painIing
Ihe joinI covers IhaI adhere Io Ihe pipes
Ihe aIIenIion placed on dilaIion beIween Ihe pipe and Ihe sheeI meIal
ProfiIe of Ihe sheeI meIaI
The surace IemperaIure o Ihe sheeI meIal o Ihe panel is o
undamenIal imporIance in radiance heaIing. ln acI, Ihe Ihermal power
emiIIed by Ihe panel varies according Io Ihe ourIh power o Ihe
IemperaIure o Ihe sheeI meIal (SIean8olIzmann law).
lncreasing Ihe average IemperaIure o Ihe surace o Ihe sheeI meIal by
Iwo or Ihree degrees means increasing Ihe emission by radiance by
abouI !0%.
As Ihe igure shows, in LCOPAN panels, Ihe pipe, which is Ihe hoIIesI
parI o Ihe panel, aces ully downwards, and 70% o iI is covered by
sheeI meIal.
CALOR SRL Str. Progresul 30-40, sect. 5, Bucuresti, tel: 021.411.44.44, www.calorserv.ro - ofertare@calor.ro
5
LCOPAN has ocused special aIIenIion on Ihe choice o especially low
brackeIs wiIh a recIangular cross secIion. This soluIion makes iI possible
Io lay Ihe maI rapidly and conIinuously. The ibreglass wool adheres
perecIly Io Ihe sheeI meIal. This adherence is urIher improved and
made saer Ihrough Ihe use o upper asIening plugs.
ln order Io hold Ihe insulaIing maI on Ihe sides and conceal iI, Ihe
LCOPAN panel is also provided wiIh side edges obIained rom Ihe
radianI plaIe iIsel. They also conIribuIe Io making Ihe insIallaIion o Ihe
insulaIion quick and accuraIe.
The pipes, which proIrude compleIely under Ihe sheeI meIal, creaIe
cushions o sIill air IhaI reduce convecIive moIion and increase radiance.
This parIially replaces Ihe eecI o Ihe anIiconvecIion laps.
Thanks Io iIs special proile, Ihe LCOPAN panel releases a high
percenIage o energy Ihrough radiance. ln acI, wiIh Ihe same surace,
inIerval and pipe diameIer, noI only are Ihe emissions as per LN !40J7
o LCOPAN panels greaIer Ihan Ihose o Ihe compeIiIion, buI so is Ihe
surace IemperaIure o Ihe plaIe.
ln some cases, Ihe LCOPAN panel, even Ihough iI has one pipe less and
Ihe same widIh as Ihe compeIiIions same model, provides greaIer yield.
One pipe less means less welding Io be done aI Ihe worksiIe, less weighI
Io move, and as a resulI lower cosIs.
Fase of insIaIIinginsuIaIion
The insulaIion maIerial used Io cover Ihe upper surace o Ihe LCOPAN
panel is a maI o rock wool wiIh a Ihickness o 40 mm, wiIh conducIiviIy
J
o 0.048 W/mK aI 40C and densiIy o !4 Kg/m . lI is covered on one side
wiIh aluminiumoil. This maIerial has a Ihermal resisIance IhaI is slighIly
higher Ihan Ihe insulaIion used in Ihe laboraIory IesIs.
During IesIs in accrediIed laboraIories, Ihe insulaIion is placed on Ihe
upper surace o Ihe panels in a uniorm, regular manner.
However, Ihe panels available on Ihe markeI are do noI make iI possible
Io have insulaIing maIerial o Ihe same accuracy aI Ihe worksiIe. The
brackeI IhaI is aIIached Io Ihe upper parI o Ihe panel makes Ihis
operaIion diiculI and disconIinuous.
CALOR SRL Str. Progresul 30-40, sect. 5, Bucuresti, tel: 021.411.44.44, www.calorserv.ro - ofertare@calor.ro
6
Wide range of modeIs wiIh pipes of ahd
Panels used Io be made by craIsmen, who ollowed Ihe insIrucIions o a
designer who decided Ihe mosI suiIable consIrucIion parameIers or his
needsonacasebycasebasis.
Panels were consIrucIed wiIh pipes o ! !, wiIh sheeI meIal
wiIhaIhickness rom0.6upIo!.2mm, andadisIancebeIweenpipes o !00
upIoJ00mm.
Nowadays, IhemarkeI demandssIandardizedproducIs.
ln an aIIempI Io meeI any need, Ihe LCOPAN range o producIs is widely
varied. lI includesmodelswiIhvaryingdisIancesbeIweenpipes(!!!mmand
!50 mm), and wiIh various pipe diameIers ( and ). The pipes can be
elecIrowelded or wiIhouI welding, depending on Ihe IemperaIure and
pressureo Ihecarrier luid.
Lachpanel isconnecIedIoIhehoI waIer disIribuIionneIworkbyheaders.
There can be panels wiIh headers wiIh opposiIe connecIions, where Ihe
waIer enIers on one side and exiIs on Ihe oIher, as shown in Ihe ollowing
igure.
Or Ihere can be panels wiIh headers wiIh Ihe connecIion on Ihe same
side, where Ihe waIer enIers and exiIs on Ihe same side.
The disIribuIion pipes normally exIend high up, nearly aI Ihe level o Ihe
roo. lnsIalling Ihem requires Ihe use o scaolding or elevaIor
plaIorms.
Panels wiIh sameside connecIions have Ihe delivery and reIurn pipes
coupled. This makes iI possible Io use Ihe same brackeIs and Ihe same
scaolding or boIh pipes, resulIing in reduced insIallaIion cosIs.
8uildings Io be heaIed may be o Ihe mosI widely varying dimensions
and Ihermal characIerisIics. To creaIe a good sysIem, iI is imporIanI Io
evaluaIe and consider all o Ihe acIors IhaI come inIo play.
The wide range o LCOPAN producIs, wiIh panels IhaI have pipes o
dierenI diameIers aI dierenI inIervals, oers Ihe designer an ample
selecIion.
8ased on Ihe IemperaIure o Ihe plaIe, one can choose panels wiIh a
disIance beIween pipes o !!! mm or !50 mm. Depending on Ihe
waIer low raIe, panels are available wiIh pipes o or o . To
obIain even disIribuIion o heaI in Ihe room, Ihere are models wiIh
widIhs romJ00 up Io !,200 mm.
When designing a radianI panel sysIem, iI is advisable Io consider Ihe
SIean8olIzmann ormula. CompaIible wiIh Ihe insIallaIion heighI,
one should consider Ihe highesI possible average luid IemperaIure. The
higher Ihis IemperaIure is, Ihe higher Ihe average IemperaIure o Ihe
sheeI meIal will be. The emission by radiance will increase according Io
Ihe ourIh power o Ihis IemperaIure.
CALOR SRL Str. Progresul 30-40, sect. 5, Bucuresti, tel: 021.411.44.44, www.calorserv.ro - ofertare@calor.ro

Fas|en|ng c||ps
1o|n| cote|
PainIing
A panel made o sIainless sIeel, aluminium, or galvanized sheeI meIal
does noI radiaIe. l iI is painIed smoke black, iI has an emissiviIy o !.
ln creaIing radianI panels, painIing is a very imporIanI sIep. lI provides
Ihe producI wiIh good radiance, and also proIecIs iI romcorrosion.
The LCOPAN panel, aIer passing Ihrough Ihe washing and hoI de
greasing sysIem, undergoes phosphaIing. lI is Ihen compleIely
immersed in a Iub IhaI conIains epoxy resinbased waIersoluble non
Ioxic enamel. The painI peneIraIes all poinIs, even Ihose which are
hidden or angled. lI adheres perecIly Io Ihe sheeI meIal in a uniorm
manner, and remains unchanged over Iime.
AIer being dipped inIo Ihe Iub, Ihe panel moves on Io Ihe baking kiln.
This painIing sysIem is highly reliable. ProducIs IhaI were IreaIed 20
years ago are sIill perecIly covered.
The painI IhaI covers Ihe errous surace remains unalIered aI a
IemperaIure o up Io !70C or waIer sysIems and !40C or sIeam
sysIems.
The Ihickness, opaciIy and high emissiviIy o Ihe painI allow or
improved condiIions o radiance.
lor oIher Ihan sIandard colours, aIer washing and phosphaIe
degreasing, Ihe panels are covered wiIh powder painIs.
JoinI covers
The radianI panels are composed o modules o 4 and/or 6 meIres.
Thereore, Ihey are made by welding Ihe pipes o Ihe single modular
elemenIs Io one anoIher. Nowadays, insIead o welding, insIallers oIen
use clampIighIened sleeves.
To make Ihis possible wiIhouI damaging Ihe painIed sheeI meIal, Ihe
pipes are leI longer IhaI Ihe sheeI meIal on boIh sides.
Once Ihe Iubes have been joined, a joinI cover is inserIed beIween Ihe
meIal sheeIs.
The joinI cover has Ihe same proile as Ihe main sheeI meIal. LaboraIory
IesIs conirm IhaI iIs yield is exacIly Ihe same as Ihe acIive sheeI meIal
where iI is insIalled.
AIer Ihe painI on Ihe welded pipes is Iouched up, Ihe joinI covers can
be easily inserIed beIween Ihe plaIes romunderneaIh and secured wiIh
clips. This reduces insIallaIion Iime Io a minimum.
CALOR SRL Str. Progresul 30-40, sect. 5, Bucuresti, tel: 021.411.44.44, www.calorserv.ro - ofertare@calor.ro
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DiIaIions
DilaIions are an aspecI o undamenIal imporIance in Ihe consIrucIion
o a radianI panel.
A generic panel is basically composed o pipes and sheeI meIal joined
IogeIher.
Under normal condiIions o use, Ihe heaIing luid (hoI waIer,
superheaIed waIer, sIeam, eIc.) passes Ihrough Ihe pipes. The pipes
heaI up, and Ihey become hoIIer Ihan Ihe sheeI meIal Io which Ihey
IransmiI heaI.
Lach Iime Ihe luid in Ihe pipe increases iIs IemperaIure, Ihe pipe rapidly
reaches a IemperaIure IhaI is near IhaI o Ihe luid, while Ihe sheeI
meIal heaIs up aIerwards. This is a Iemporary condiIion which may lasI
a ew minuIes.
Lven when Ihe sysIemis running aI normal operaIing power, Ihere is sIill
a dierence beIween Ihe pipe and Ihe sheeI meIal. ln oIher words, Ihe
pipe and Ihe sheeI meIal dilaIe aI dierenI raIes.
This siIuaIion occurs repeaIedly in Ihe lie cycle o Ihe panel. lI may cause
permanenI deormaIions and Iensions in Ihe sheeI meIal IhaI encloses
Ihe pipe.
ln sIeam sysIems, Ihe high orces in play make iI necessary Io Iake
special measures in order Io hold pipes and sheeI meIal IogeIher. This
phenomenon also occurs in hoI waIer sysIems, alIhough less obviously.
8y iIs naIure, a radianI panel sysIem allows shuIdown aI nighI or on
holidays, resulIing in Ihe boiler being swiIched o.
Consider an exIreme case in which, when Ihe sysIem is resIarIed, Ihe
IemperaIure o Ihe waIer in Ihe panels is JC and Ihe IemperaIure o
Ihe waIer in Ihe boiler is !20C. Due Io Ihis variaIion in IemperaIure, a
modular elemenI o 6 meIres will undergo lengIhening o
0.0!2 (!20JC) 6 m~ 8.4 mm.
The Iime or Ihe heaIing o Ihe pipe and Ihe sheeI meIal are dierenI.
The housing o Ihe pipe deorms, which is easily undersIanding i one
considers a dilaIion o 8.4 mmper 6 meIres.
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CALOR SRL Str. Progresul 30-40, sect. 5, Bucuresti, tel: 021.411.44.44, www.calorserv.ro - ofertare@calor.ro
9
MosI new radianI panel sysIems run on hoI waIer aI 85C. AI Ihis
IemperaIure, Ihe lengIhening o pipes is abouI 6 mmin a module wiIh
a lengIh o 6 meIres and 4 mmin a module IhaI is 4 meIres long.
ln Ihe pasI, Ihe sysIemwould come up Io operaIing IemperaIure slowly,
and iI would remain Ihere or Ihe resI o Ihe day. Today, almosI all
sysIems are equipped wiIh auIomaIic conIrols, and Ihe IemperaIure o
Ihe luid in Ihe panels varies consIanIly.
The dilaIions Iend Io creaIe deormaIion in Ihe sheeI meIal IhaI
surrounds Ihe pipe, reducing Ihe conIacI surace IhaI surround Ihe pipe
and hence Ihe emission o Ihe panel.
This problemhas led a good deal o German manuacIurers Io look or a
soluIion by welding Ihe pipes Io Ihe sheeI meIal, more or less
conIinuously. This soluIion is expensive since iI requires especially Ihick
pipes and sheeI meIal.
To limiI Ihis Ihermal shock, experience has led LCOPAN Io consIrucI
modules wiIh meIal sheeIs IhaI are 2 meIres long.
The modules o 4 meIres are made o Iwo sheeIs wiIh a lengIh o 2
meIres each, whereas Ihe modules o 6 meIers are made o Ihree sheeIs,
each wiIh a lengIh o 2 meIres.
AI Ihe poinI where Ihe 2meIre sheeIs come IogeIher, a dilaIion joinI is
creaIed.
Lach 2meIre sheeI has a welding poinI aI Ihe cenIre. Thereore, Ihe
dilaIion on each side is less Ihan ! mm. This ensures IhaI Ihe panel does
noI undergo deormaIion over Iime.
ln conirmaIion o Ihis, even or high pressure sIeam sysIems, LCOPAN
provides sIandard panels. The only Ihing IhaI changes is Ihe painI,
which needs Io be able Io wiIhsIand high IemperaIures.
ln LCOPAN sysIems IhaI have been in operaIion or IwenIy years, Ihe
panels have sheeI meIal IhaI sIill adheres perecIly Io Ihe pipes and are
ree o any deormaIion. Thereore, Iheir original Ihermal emission has
remained unchanged over Iime.
Dividing Ihe sheeI meIal o a 6meIre module inIo Ihree parIs has Iurned
ouI Io be a successul decision which seIs Ihe LCOPAN producI aparI
romiIs compeIiIors.
lhsIallaIioh
lnsIallaIion Iime o ceiling mounIed radianI panels subsIanIially eecIs
Ihe IoIal cosI o Ihe sysIem.
Some o Ihe eaIures o Ihe LCOPAN panels, such as side edges shaped
in Ihe plaIe iIsel, Ihe ease o placing Ihe insulaIion, Ihe head welding o
Ihe perecIly aligned pipes and Ihe simpliciIy o asIening Ihe joinI cover
allow or subsIanIial reducIions in insIallaIion Iime, resulIing in savings.
lor models o oIher producIs currenIly on Ihe markeI (diameIer,
number, inIerval o pipes and widIh o panel), LCOPAN panels have a
greaIer Ihermal emission. This makes iI possible Io use less o Ihem,
resulIing in savings in boIh maIerial and insIallaIion Iime.
The wide range o available models and accessories also makes iI
possible Io meeI any design, uncIional or aesIheIic need.
CALOR SRL Str. Progresul 30-40, sect. 5, Bucuresti, tel: 021.411.44.44, www.calorserv.ro - ofertare@calor.ro
+O
Use of therma/ strips for coo/ing
lor some years now, ceiling mounIed radianI panels have also been
used or cooling.
Given Ihe high emission o LCOPAN radianI panels, iI is also possible Io
obIain good resulIs wiIh Ihis Iype o applicaIion.
Also in Ihis case, all o Ihe posiIive eaIures o a panel sysIem used or
heaIing hold Irue. These include low Ihermal inerIia, possibiliIy or
applicaIion in zones, lack o air movemenI, no space Iaken up on wall or
loor, no noise or mainIenance.
Ceiling mounIed radianI panels supplied wiIh chilled waIer parIially
lower Ihe perceived IemperaIure in Ihe room. The inserIion o Iheir cold
suraces conIrasIs Ihe radiance o hoI suraces and makes occupanIs
comorIable.
ln Ihese sysIems, iI is very imporIanI Io ensure IhaI Ihe surace
IemperaIure o Ihe panels does noI drop below Ihe dew poinI o Ihe
ambienI air. OIherwise, Ihe waIer vapour in Ihe air would condense on
Ihe cold surace and cause dripping.
To deal wiIh Ihe laIenI heaI produced in Ihe room or due Io
unconIrolled enIry o exIernal air wiIh high speciic humidiIy, an
auxiliary dehumidiicaIion sysIemcan be used.
Conc/usions
Today, Ihe markeI oers various radianI heaIing sysIems or large areas.
The main ones include gas panels, loor panels and ceiling mounIed
panels in sIeel or aluminium.
ln Ierms o economic operaIion, iI is essenIial Io keep rooms aI Ihe
desired IemperaIure only when Ihey are in use. ln acI, a roomloses heaI
ouIwards based on Ihe ambienI IemperaIure. The higher Ihe ambienI
IemperaIure and Ihe longer iI is mainIained, Ihe more operaIing cosIs
increase.
Gasired ceiling mounIed radianI panels are used or rooms IhaI only
need Io be heaIed or a ew hours a day or or a ew days a week. These
are places where Ihe sysIem needs Io come up Io operaIing power
quickly. These sysIems meeI Ihese needs well, and alIhough Ihey have
high consumpIion, poor heaI disIribuIion, high Ihermal gradienIs and
disconIinuous radiance, Ihey are sIill more economical because o Ihe
ew hours o operaIion.
The loor panels normally use as heaIcarrying luid hoI waIer beIween
20 and 40C. They are composed o pipes (copper, sIeel, plasIic) sunk
inIo Ihe loor. 8ecause o Ihe subsIanIial mass IhaI needs Io be heaIed
beore heaI is released inIo Ihe environmenI, Ihey have a high Ihermal
inerIia.
lI Iakes a ew days or IhemIo come up Io operaIing power. This makes
Ihem especially suiIable or homes and hospiIals, which are heaIed 24
hours a day, 7 days a week.
SIeel or aluminiumceiling mounIed radianI panels may use a Ihe carrier
luid hoI waIer, superheaIed waIer, sIeamor heaIIransmiIIing oil, wiIh
IemperaIures beIween 50 and !80C.
CALOR SRL Str. Progresul 30-40, sect. 5, Bucuresti, tel: 021.411.44.44, www.calorserv.ro - ofertare@calor.ro
++
They have low Ihermal inerIia and are especially suiIed Io heaI indusIrial
warehouses, oices, gymnasiums, shops, supermarkeIs and so on,
where heaI is required 89 hours a day, 56 days a week.
This heaIing sysIem has limiIed operaIing cosIs, since iI oers Ihe
possibiliIy Io sIop heaIing parIially or IoIally, minimumpreheaIing Iime
based on Ihe exIernal IemperaIure, a low Ihermal gradienI, conIinuiIy
and uniormiIy o radiance on all heaIed suraces. Given iIs
characIerisIics, iI is suiIed or all climaIes, especially IemperaIe climaIes
due Io iIs high lexibiliIy. ln lIaly, Ihe ouIdoor winIer IemperaIure is
highly variable. lnIense, conIinuous cold usually occurs or shorI
periods. During Ihe resI o Ihe year Ihere are low IemperaIures aI nighI
and early in Ihe morning, buI Ihe IemperaIure increases during Ihe day.
AI Ihe same level o wellbeing, no oIher Iype o sysIemin use Ioday has
operaIing cosIs IhaI are as low as a good radianI sysIem. l Ihe sysIemis
well designed and insIalled, Ihe invesImenI o capiIal is among Ihe
lowesI on Ihe markeI.
l one considers IhaI Ihe sysIem has no moving parIs, does noI require
mainIenance and has a period o depreciaIion o over 50 years, iI is clear
Io see how Ihis is Ihe mosI economical soluIion or heaIing large
volumes.
We sIarIed insIalling ceiling mounIed radianI panels in Ihe early !070s.
These panels were made in our workshop. Our Iechnical deparImenI,
wiIh Ihe advice and assisIance o engineer Mr lranco Palmizi, designed
various Iypes o panels IhaI ran on hoI waIer, sIeam, and superheaIed
waIer. They were inIended or use in warehouses o varying sizes and
heighIs, wiIh varying diameIer, disIance, number o pipes and Ihickness
o sheeI meIal, so IhaI each sysIemwould achieve excellenI economical
and Iechnical resulIs.
ln !984, Ihe LCOPANcompany was ounded. lI absorbed Ihese years o
experience, and provided Ihe markeI wiIh sIandard preabricaIed
panels IhaI were valid, reliable producIs.
LCOPAN oers long Iechnical experience IhaI is consIanIly updaIed.
PesulIs are compared and analyzed Io improve Ihe producI and Ihe
design, so IhaI Ihe levels o wellbeing are provided aI Ihe lowesI
operaIing cosIs.
Many Iypes o sysIems use Ihe ceiling as a radianI surace. This surace
does noI Iake up loor space, does noI obsIrucI peoples movemenIs,
does noI limiI Ihe use o Ihe loor and walls, and allows everyIhing
exposed Io iI Io Iake advanIage o Ihe eecI o radiance.
To Iake advanIage o Ihese characIerisIics, along wiIh Ihermal sIrips, we
have experimenIed wiIh various Iypes o radianI ceilings wiIh dierenI
new Iechnologies. The resulIs have always been excellenI.
The knowledge and experience gained in Ihis ield are available Io all our
clienIs, noI only Io provide IhemwiIh a qualiIy producI, buI also Io assisI
Ihem and advise Ihem during Ihe dimensioning phase. ln acI, a good
sysIemrequires special aIIenIion during Ihe design phase.
CALOR SRL Str. Progresul 30-40, sect. 5, Bucuresti, tel: 021.411.44.44, www.calorserv.ro - ofertare@calor.ro
+2
1
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600
4/150
675
6/100
900
6/150
900
1200
8/150
1120
INTERVAL BETWEEN PIPES 150 mm - PIPES or
INTERVAL BETWEEN PIPES 111 mm - PIPES or
2/150
300
150
4/100
450
111 111 111
04
EN 14037-1
Ceiling mounted radiant panels
Maximum operating pressure:
6 bar
On request, ECOPAN provides panels
with 3-5-7 pipes of or with interval of
150 mm and panels of 5-7-9 pipes of or
interval 111 mm.
"
"
CALOR SRL Str. Progresul 30-40, sect. 5, Bucuresti, tel: 021.411.44.44, www.calorserv.ro - ofertare@calor.ro
+3
2/150 300 4,70 5,10 5,40 6,10
5,23 6,00 5,84 6,88
4/100 450 7,60 8,70 9,10 10,50
8,65 10,50 9,98 12,06
4/150 600 8,70 9,70 10,10 11,60
9,75 11,50 10,98 13,16
6/100 675 11,00 12,60 13,10 15,30
12,58 15,29 14,41 17,65
6/150 900 12,70 14,30 14,90 17,10
14,28 16,99 16,21 19,45
8/100 900 14,50 16,70 17,40 20,40
16,60 20,29 19,15 23,53
8/150 1200 16,80 18,90 19,70 22,60
18,90 22,49 21,45 25,73
10/100 1120 18,00 20,90 21,80 25,50
20,63 25,39 23,99 29,41
PaneIs with pipes at intervaIs of 150 mm
PaneIs with pipes at intervaIs of 111 mm
TABLE OF WEIGHTSOF MODULARRADIANT PANELS
prefabricated modular complete with:
- side edges
- joint covers
- suspension brackets
- insulation mat with fastening plugs
- silicon grey painting
top Iine: empty weight in kg/m
Bottom Iine: weight with water in kg/m
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CALOR SRL Str. Progresul 30-40, sect. 5, Bucuresti, tel: 021.411.44.44, www.calorserv.ro - ofertare@calor.ro
++
LCOPAN a/uminium fa/se cei/ings
Our irsI condiIioning sysIem consisIing o a radianI alse ceiling in
aluminiumpanels daIes back Io !969.
These aluminium alse ceilings have been suiIably perecIed, and are
now one o LCOPANs sIandard producIs.
LCOPAN radianI alse ceilings are composed o an elecIrowelded sIeel
pipe coil o . This is inserIed inIo grooves in Ihe aluminium, and iI
heaIs or cools Ihe plaIes, which Ihus radiaIe heaI or cold.
The carrier luid in Ihe pipe is heaIed or chilled waIer.
These alse ceilings are compleIely ree o Ihe masonry sIrucIure. Their
average IemperaIure depends on Ihe IemperaIure o Ihe carrier luid,
Ihe inIerval beIween pipes and Ihe Ihickness o Ihe radianI sheeI meIal.
Mode/s
The radianI alse ceilings IhaI LCOPAN produces are made o pre
painIed aluminium panels wiIh a Ihickness 0.78 mm. The sIandard
colour is PAL 90!0 maII whiIe. They come in Ihe sIandard ormaIs o
600600 mm, J00600 mm and 2002.500 mm, each available in
Ihe peroraIed or nonperoraIed version.
Two Iypes o radianI alse ceilings can be made, eiIher wiIhouI primary
air inserIed above iI or wiIh air inserIed.
adianI faIse ceiIings wiIhouI air
When using a alse ceiling or heaIing, one needs Io consider IhaI a high
average IemperaIure o Ihe ceiling may cause problems or peoples
wellbeing.
lor Ihis reason, iI is necessary Io comply wiIh Ihe values IhaI indicaIe,
based on Ihe heighI o Ihe heighI o Ihe alse ceiling, Ihe maximum
Ihermal emission IhaI musI noI be exceeded. lor example, a radianI
alse ceiling insIalled aI a heighI o J meIres may emiI a maximum o
2
200 W/m
.
lor heaIing, Ihe hoI waIer in Ihe coils may reach an average
IemperaIure o approximaIely 50C.
lor cooling, cold waIer musI noI drop below !8!9C because iI is
limiIed by Ihe dew poinI o Ihe ambienI air.
adianI faIse ceiIings wiIh air
Above Ihe radianI alse ceiling, in Ihe space IhaI is creaIed beIween Ihe
alse ceiling and Ihe ceiling, primary air may be orced in. This increases
Ihe emission o Ihe alse ceiling subsIanIially.
2
When used or heaIing, Ihe alse ceiling may emiI over J00 W/m . This
makes iI capable o saIisying almosI any need.
l Ihe alse ceiling is used or summer air condiIioning, Ihe air placed
above iI musI be aI a IemperaIure o !6C wiIh relaIive humidiIy o 80%.
ln Ihese condiIions, Ihe dew poinI o Ihe air drops Io !2.5C. Thereore,
wiIh a waIer IemperaIure o !JC!6C Ihere is no risk o
condensaIion.
The dierence beIween Ihe ambienI IemperaIure and Ihe average
IemperaIure o Ihe waIer in circulaIion is greaI enough Io allow sIrong
2
cooling emission, which may reach 80!00 W/m .
This combined air condiIioning sysIemo air and radianI ceiling requires
less overall cooling power Ihan a IradiIional aironly sysIem. Since iI is a
radianI sysIem, whaI is considered is Ihe operaIing IemperaIure. This
means IhaI Ihe air IemperaIure can be a ew degrees higher while
oering Ihe same degree o comorI.
CALOR SRL Str. Progresul 30-40, sect. 5, Bucuresti, tel: 021.411.44.44, www.calorserv.ro - ofertare@calor.ro
+5
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Since parI o Ihe load is lowered by Ihe alse ceiling, Ihe amounI o air
required as compared Io an aironly sysIemis much less. This resulIs in a
decrease in Ihe size o Ihe ducIs, since Ihe air in Ihe space above Ihe alse
ceiling expands, and iI is possible Io have a airly high air speed in Ihe
main ducIs.
The disIribuIion o air in Ihe room does noI disIurb people, since iI
occurs Ihrough Ihe sloIs in Ihe panels IhaI are !.5 mm wide, wiIh a
lamellar low wiIh an inducIive rainall eecI over Ihe enIire surace o
Ihe ceiling. lI is possible Io achieve up Io 20 vol/h o air orced inIo Ihe
roomwiIhouI Ihe users experiencing any discomorI.
This sysIemIechnology is easy Io design and creaIe. lI does noI require
any masonry work. lnsIallaIion Iimes are very shorI boIh in exisIing and
new buildings. Also, because o iIs naIural Iendency Io absorb sound, iI
is especially suiIable or air condiIioning in large, crowded areas such as
dining aciliIies, sporIs arenas, swimming pools and so on.
The main advanIages oered by Ihis Iype o sysIemare:
beIween Ihe ceiling and Ihe alse ceiling, a space is creaIed or air
expansion IhaI also acIs as an accessible service area
iI adapIs Io a number o archiIecIural needs
iI may acI as a sound absorber
iI does noI Iake up any loor space and does noI obsIrucI Ihe
movemenI o people
iI allows Ihe use o various lighIing soluIions
iI has low Ihermal inerIia
iI evenly disIribuIes Ihe air
Ihere is no Ihermal gradienI
iI does noI produce noise
iI does noI require mainIenance
iI is indispensable i high levels o air circulaIion are required
since iI is a combined airradiance sysIem, iI allows subsIanIial energy
savings.
CALOR SRL Str. Progresul 30-40, sect. 5, Bucuresti, tel: 021.411.44.44, www.calorserv.ro - ofertare@calor.ro

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CALOR SRL Str. Progresul 30-40, sect. 5, Bucuresti, tel: 021.411.44.44, www.calorserv.ro - ofertare@calor.ro