Sei sulla pagina 1di 5

Synopsys.

Dissertation: - Demand Side Management.



Name: - AJIT KUMAR.
Executive Power Management (July 2011-14)
SAP ID: - 500018540.

Guide: - Sh. Pramod Kumar Saxena.

Introduction: - To ensure stability on the electricity grid, electricity supply and demand must
remain in balance in real time. Traditionally utilities have called upon peaking power plants to
increase power generation to meet rising demand. Demand-side management (DSM), which
includes energy efficiency and demand response (DR), works from the other side of the equation
instead of adding more generation to the system, it pays energy users to reduce consumption.
Utilities pay for demand-side management capacity because it is typically cheaper and easier to
procure than traditional generation.
Demand-side management allows energy users of all kinds to act as virtual power plants. By
voluntarily lowering their demand for electricity, these businesses and organizations help
stabilize the grid, and they are paid for providing this important service.

Problem Domain:- The electricity network is built to accommodate peak use. Managing the
demand of peak use is important to efficiently expand the network and keep electricity prices
reasonable. Sometimes we may not even need to expand the network to provide additional
capacity as reducing peak demand will be enough.
We embrace demand management which complements our role as an Energy Solutions business
and our purpose of connecting people with electricity in a way that is safe, reliable and
affordable. We are also obliged under the Access code (which governs the way we supply
electricity) to consider alternatives to supply side network capacity investment such as demand
management where this leads to lower overall costs.
Solution Domain. Demand management can include targeted incentives, technologies and
customer education programs directed towards reducing or changing patterns of energy use.
For businesses this could include:
Reducing your demand at peak times on request from Grid.
Moving your main hours of operation to earlier or later in the day on days of peak
demand
Substituting where your power comes from during peak hours, i.e. use a generator, or
cogeneration.
Installing more efficient equipment, such as energy efficient lights.
Changing some electrical loads to other fuels, such as natural gas.
Improving the power factor of loads by installing power factor correction capacitor
banks.
For residential customers, implementing demand management may mean:
Direct load control of appliances like air conditioners, pool pumps and the like, which
allows power consumption to be managed at peak times. Customers generally do not
experience any difference in comfort during these events.
Off peak tariffs to encourage electricity use at times other than during peak.
Incentives for improving energy efficiency of homes and installing energy efficient
appliances.
Energy efficiency customer education programs.
System Domain:-
To charge higher prices during Peak Hours
Improving the efficiency of various end uses by using energy efficient appliances, better
housekeeping and reducing energy leakages. This is important for agriculture where
energy efficiency is very low (30-50%).
Promoting use of Energy Efficient Technologies and addressing Aggregate Technical and
Commercial (AT&C) Losses.
Application Domain:-
Demand side management we can implement in following sectors-
Residential Sector.
Agriculture Sector.
Commercial Sector.
Industrial Sector.



Feasibility Study:-
Categorization of Demand-side Implementation feasibility Methods (bullets) and Examples
(sub-bullets).



Implementation
Time Type
Horizon
Alternative Pricing. Direct Incentives.


Outreach and
Cooperation
Regional Codes
and Standers.


Resource
Planning
(years)
Pricing and Rate
Structures
o Demand charge
o Time-based rate
o Off-peak rate
o Inverted rate
o Seasonal rate
o Variable levels of
service
o Promotional rate
o Conservation rate
o Net metering
Paid for Adoption
o Cash grant
o Rebate
o Buyback program
o Low/no interest
loan
o Subsidized
installation
or modification
o Employee
rewards for
successful program
marketing
Billing credit
Resource
Adequacy



Trade Ally
Cooperation
o Training
o Certification
o Cooperative ads and
marketing
o Selected product
sales/service
Direct Customer
Contact
o Energy audit
o Direct installation
o
Exhibits/displays/clinics
Ads and Promotion
o Mass media
o Point of purchase
advertising
o Customer education
Energy
Efficiency
Standards
o Building codes
o Appliance
efficiency
standards
(e.g., Energy Star)

o Industry
efficiency
requirements


Renewable Energy
Standards
o Renewable
portfolio standards




Operational
Planning
(months)
o Time of use Paid for
Performance
o Seasonal
Conservation
Credit
o Installed Capacity


o Public conservation
appeal
(e.g., radio, TV,
Internet,
newspaper appeal
Variable Service
Subscription
o Demand
subscription
service
Day-ahead
Operations
(days)
Dynamic Pricing
o Critical peak
pricing
o Real-time pricing
o Regional operator
economic demand
response (DR)
o Demand bidding
of
forward energy
Public Appeal
o Voluntary day-ahead
DR
(e.g., day-ahead appeal
for DR)



o Demand limiting
(e.g., day-ahead
demand
subscription)
o Premium power
(e.g., dispatachable
Day-of
Operations
(minutes to
hours)
Discounted Rate
o Curtailable load
o Interruptible load
o Dispatchable
standby generation
o Direct load control
Regional operator
emergency DR
o Demand bidding
of ancillary
services.
Curtailable load
o Interruptible load
o Dispatchable
standby generation
o Direct load
control
o Voluntary emergency
DR
o Voluntary emergency
standby generation.
o Voluntary emergency
load reduction
(e.g., pre-planned
Voluntary
interruptible/curtailable
load)




standby
generation)
o Optional binding
mandatory
curtailment
o Priority service

Emergency
Operating
Procedures
o Rolling blackout
Expected Out Come:-
Following are the expected outcome of Demand side Management System:-
1. Reduction in Green House Gasses Emission.
2. Development of Smart Grid.
3. Improvement in Plant Utilization Factor.
4. Improvent in Utilization of Transmission and Distribution Network.
5. Reduction in Power Shortage.
6. Efficient Utilization of System.
7. Improvent in use of Energy Efficient eqipments.

Potrebbero piacerti anche