Ijprbs 258

Research Article
Pramod Kumar, IJPRBS, 2013; Volume 2(1

Available Online At www.ijprbs.com

COMPARATIVE NAMBURI

1. P.G Scholar P.G Dept of Rasashastra .!.E.
Shahap"r# Bel$a"%.
&. Prof a'( )OD P.G Dept of Rasashastra .!.E.
Maha*+(,ala,a# Shahap"r# Bel$a"%.

Samudraphena
vargadravya
Ayurveda. Shodhana of
then subjected to organo
in the field of Ayurvedic mineral pha
CCRAS. NPST helps differentiate between and thus identify various bhasmas. !t
depends upon the pattern of the spot which develops after a specific chemical
reaction "ence Present wor# was underta#en to test the p
using above tests collected from $umbai %ol#ata and Thiruvanathapuram. The
organo
difference but NPST spot test analysis of samples shows mild variations in their
col
form shows desired result compared to standard NPST result

Accepted Date:
1-.-&.&-1/
Publish Date:
&0.-&.&-1/
Keywords
Samdraphena,
Sudhavarga
NPST
Cuttlefish
Cuttlebone Ayurveda
Corresponding Author
&r. Pramod#umar
IJPRBS-R !"#$
Research Article
, IJPRBS, 2013; Volume 2(1%& 23'-2('
NAMBURI P)ASED SPOT TEST1 ANA!2SIS O3 SAMUDRAP)ENA
4CUTT!E3IS) BONE5

Dr.PRAMODUMAR
1
# Dr.P.G.6ADAR
&

Scholar P.G Dept of Rasashastra .!.E. U'+*ers+t,1s Shr+ BM A,"r*e(a#
Prof a'( )OD P.G Dept of Rasashastra .!.E. U'+*ers+t,1s Shr+ BM A,"r*e(a
Bel$a"%.

Abstract
Samudraphena 'Cuttlefish bone( is one of the
vargadravya 'calcium compounds( used for eye and ear ailments mainly in
Ayurveda. Shodhana of Samudraphena was done by triturating with citrus juice
then subjected to organo)leptic * NPST analysis .NPST method is newly introduced
in the field of Ayurvedic mineral pharmaceutical standardi+ation accepted by
reaction "ence Present wor# was underta#en to test the p
organo)leptic properties of all the samples after shodhana shows no much
color in respective phases. The sample , which was collected from $umbai in fresh

Research Article ISS)& 22**-+*13
IJPRBS

3 SAMUDRAP)ENA
Shr+ BM A,"r*e(a# Maha*+(,ala,a#
U'+*ers+t,1s Shr+ BM A,"r*e(a
is one of the Pranija (Animal origin) sudha
'calcium compounds( used for eye and ear ailments mainly in
was done by triturating with citrus juice
leptic * NPST analysis .NPST method is newly introduced
rmaceutical standardi+ation accepted by
reaction "ence Present wor# was underta#en to test the purity of Samudraphena
leptic properties of all the samples after shodhana shows no much
The sample , which was collected from $umbai in fresh

PAP$R-R !"#$
Pramod Kumar, IJPRBS, 2013; Volume 2(1%& 23'-2(' IJPRBS

INTRODUCTION
The oceans are full of living organisms
.!n the course of evolution marine
organisms have adapted e-cellently to
the marine environment such as high
salt concentration low temperature high
pressure and low nutrient availability.
These e-treme conditions re.uire uni.ue
adaptation strategies leading to the
development of new natural products
which differ from #nown structures of
terrestrial organism
/01
. one such natural
product is samudraphena 'cuttlebone(
get separated when cuttlefish dies. !n
the Rasa literatures it is included in the
Pranija sudha vargadravya. !n the
classical literatures it has great
importance in the therapeutic point of
view. Chemically it is having calcium
carbonate including various organic and
inorganic elements. &ue to its immense
medicinal value Ayurveda has utili+ed it
for various ailments.
!n !ndia generally Samudraphena
'Cuttlefish bone( are obtained from four
species of Cephalopods 'cuttlefishes(
along with their respective code
numbers which are as follows
/21
.
S. aculeate) 34,,
S. elliptica) 34,0
S. pharaonis) 34,2
S. prashadi) 34,5
As cuttlefishes are having very less life
span ',)2 years(
/51
thus availability is
never a concern. 6hen the fish dies
naturally the Samudraphena is collected
near the coast so there is no .uestion
for ethical objection * are easily
available in the mar#et for less cost.
Namburi Phased Spot Test 'NPST( is the
study of spot and colors at three
successive phases spreading over three
different time intervals developed and
standardi+ed by &r. Namburi
"anumantha Rao in ,784 it has been
accepted by CCRAS New &elhi. 6hen a
drop of clear solution of a substance
'9hasma or Sindura( under e-amination
is put on 6hatman paper impregnated
with suitable reagent a spot with series
of changes in color and pattern will
appear.!n chemistry techni.ues involving
spot tests or chromatography are widely
used. !t has the advantage of measuring
the sensitivity of reactions at different
time intervals. This method is used to
detect or study continual chemical
reactions that ta#e place gradually

between two chemical substances on
static media at every second. !t is used to
assess the bhasma .ualitatively.
!n this NPST techni.ue a methodology
evolved to identify bhasma 'cal-( of
Sudha varga dravya 'calcium compounds(
with minute differences in over all
chemical reactions it has become
necessary to study the organoleptic
properties of our sample in comparison
with organoleptic properties of
standards
/31
.

MATERIA!S AND MET)ODS
,. Procurement of samudraphena: Three
samples 'sample , 0 * 2( were
procured from three different places
within !ndia namely $umbai
'$aharashastra( %ol#ata '6est 9engal(
and Thiruvananthapuram '%erala( * were
authentified in National !nstitute of
oceanography &ona poula ;oa.
0. Shodhana of Samudraphena of three
samples was carried out in P.;
&eparment of Rasashaastra %.<.= >.?s
Shri 9.$.%.Ayurveda $ahavidyalaya
9elgaum.
2. @rganoleptic * NPST analysis of all
the three samples was carried in P.;
&eparment of Rasashaastra %.<.= >.?s
Shri9.$.%.Ayurveda $ahavidyalaya
9elgaum.
MET)ODO!OG27
Sho(ha'a of Samudra,he-a 4c"ttle8o'e57
Airst its outer surface is to be scrapped
and remaining is powdered in khalwa
yantra (Mortar & pestle) then bhavana
(lavigation) of imbuswarasa 'lemon
juice( given for one day and it is dried

/B1
.
Or$a'olept+c a'al,s+s7
The purified samples were subjected to
various @rganoleptic analysis after
shodhana table no., * during heat as
well as wet treatment is tabulated in
table no.0

Na%8"r+ Phase( Spot Test7
Mater+als7
a( &istilled water
b( "aridra paper: 6hatman Paper No.,
impregnated and dried in an alcoholic
=-tract of "aridra swarasa '!urcuma
longa "inn(
c( Test tubes: Three
d( Samudraphena churna ' cuttlebone
powder ( 'Sample , to 2(


Proce("re
0
7

All the three samples were subjected to
NPST. !nitially 4.03g of Samudraphena
churna 'cuttlefish bone powder( was put
into test tube and heated on spirit lamp
till the lower end of the test tube
becomes red hot * allow the test tube
to cool. Then 4.3 ml of distilled water
was added to all the test tubes sha#ed
well and allowed to settle.Then one
drop of clear solution of each sample
was put on "aridra paper 'prepared
using 6hatmanCs filter paper no.,( and
observed for spot pattern in the
following three phases:
,
st
phase: 4 to 3 min
0
nd
phase: 3min to 04 min
2
rd
phase: 04 min to , day
/Aigure ),a'sample , phase ,(,b'sample,
phase 0(,c'sample , phase 2(
0a'sample 0 phase ,(0b'sample0 phase
0(0c'sample 0 phase 2( 2a'sample 2
phase ,(2b'sample2 phase 0(2c'sample2
phase 2(1

O8ser*at+o's of NPST
NPST phased spot observations tabulated
in table no.2 * standard phased spot
observations given in tabulated in table
no.5.
DISCUSSION AND CONC!USION
All the three samples collected from
three sources respectively from $umbai
%ol#ata Thiruvananthapuram shows no
much @rganoleptic differences after
shodhana that is due to all the calcium
compounds after reacting with the any
acids converts into salts of the
respective compounds and shows same
features but still the sample collected
from the $umbai shows fishy odour *
turns into light ash colour that is
because sample was collected in the
fresh form * still some organic things
li#e polysaccharides remains of the
cuttlefish present in it. NPST analysis of
all samples shows slight differences with
respect to colour in all phases but the
sample , which was collected from the
$umbai shows desired color change as
compared to the standard . The classical
te-t don?t have any parameters for
chec#ing the .uality of the
samudraphena but NPST analysis is the
only test available to chec# the .uality
of samudraphena as the test is
chemical reaction)based with specific

results for specific bhasmas we can
differentiate between bhasmas clearly.if
it is adultrated with any of the sudha
varga dravya than it shows some other
colour changes in NPST analysis. This
techni.ue is very helpful for .uality
assessment of 9hasma as per the
standards of Rasashastra. !n other words
bhasmas can be identified by their name
given in Rasashastra by virtue of their
.uality differences but not chemically. !t
is such a simple test that it can be
carried out with minimum set up and
re.uirements. CCRAS has also accepted
the monograph of NPST and so the
.uality of product can be chec#ed
before being used therapeutically. !n the
present study though the samudraphena
was purified by same method there was
difference in colour and according to
NPST analysis only sample ,'$umbai(
which was collected in the fresh form *
prepared in our department gave results
as per standard.
I%a$es of Sa%ple 1 of three phases
1a 4sa%ple 1 phase 15 18 4sa%ple1 phase &5

1c 4sa%ple 1 phase /5

I%a$es of Sa%ple & of three phases
&a 4sa%ple & phase 15 &8 4sa%ple& phase &5

&c 4sa%ple & phase /5


I%a$es of Sa%ple / of three phases

/a 4sa%ple / phase 15 /8 4sa%ple / phase &5

/c 4sa%ple / phase /5


Ta8le 1
Or$a'olept+c propert+es of Sa%"(raphe'a sa%ples after sho(ha'a
Parameter Sample , Sample 0 Sample 2
+. Colo"r Ash Creamish white Creamish white
++. O(o"r Aishy >npleasant >npleasant
+++. Taste Al#aline Al#aline Al#aline
+*. To"ch Smooth Smooth Smooth

Ta8le &
Or$a'olept+c o8ser*at+o's of Sa%"(raphe'a sa%ples
Stages Sample , Sample 0 Sample 2
"eat treatment7
!+8erat+o' of f"%es
O(o"r
Cha'$e of color

9lac#
>npleasant
Nil

9rownish 9lac#
>npleasant
Nil

9rownish blac#
>npleasant
Nil
6et treatment7
E9other%+c.
E'(other%+c
Color of sol"t+o'
A8sorpt+o'
Settl+'$ t+%e

Nil

Straw
Normal
Rapid

Nil

<ight straw
Normal
Rapid

Nil

Straw
Normal
Rapid


Ta8le /
NPST Spot patter' o8ser*at+o's of Sa%"(raphe'a sa%ples
Phases Sample , Sample 0 Sample 2
I phase 4-:; %+'5 Soon after dropping
solution a bright wet
dar#ish pin# circle
forms at the centre
and gradually wet
circle fades away
leaving light pin# circle
at centre
6et dar# pin#ish
circle appears
followed by
widening of wet
circle around the
pin# circle
6et dar#
brownish pin#
circle appears
followed by
widening of the
wet circle
gradually seen
II
'(
Phase 4;:&- %+'5 6et circle faded with
reduction in the
brightness of the pin#
coloured circle at the
centre
Periphery of centre
circle became light
bronish pin# at the
end of !! phase
with widening of
wet circle.
6et circle faded
away in this
phase.

III
r(
Phase 4&- %+':1
(a,5

6et circle faded away
with light pin# circle at
its centre

6idening of 6et
circle with light
brownish pin# circle
at the centre at
the end of 0
nd

phase.

6et circle fades
way.


Ta8le <
Sta'(ar( NPST res"lt of Sa%"(raphe'a
=

Sample name Phase ! Phase !! Phase !!!
Samudraphena A thin pin# circle
forms on a wide
wet spot
Starts fading away The entire circle
fades away by 05
hours

RE3ERENCES
1. Ainical 6 new pharmaceuticals from
marine organisms Trends brotechnol
,778 ,3227)25,.
2. Aaul#ner &D "ighlights of marine
natural products chemistry ',780)
,777(Nat prod rep0444,8,)B
3. Cmfri special publication no.,0
'revised( national marine living resources
data centre central marine fisheries
research institute '!ndian council of
agricultural research( cochin),5 !ndia
&ecember 0444 !SSN 4780)023,.
4. a)+)
animals.comEanimalsEcuttlefishEprintE'Acce
ssed:B
th
july 04,0(
5. CCRAS $inistry @f "ealth And A.6.
;ovt @f !ndia New &elhi Application @f
StandardisedNamburi Phased Spot Test !n
!dentification @f 9hasma And Sindura
Preparations @f Ayurveda Pp37.
6. Sharma Sri Sadananda Rasatarangini ,,
=dition New &elhi: ,,
th
edition
$otilal9anarasidasF 0445. Pp 245
,0E,,,),,0
7. CCRAS $inistry @f "ealth and A.6. ;ovt
@f !ndia New &elhi Application @f
Preparations @f Ayurveda Pp 30.
@f !ndia New &elhi Application @f
Preparations @f Ayurveda Pp BB.
@f !ndia New &elhi And Application @f

!dentification @f 9hasma And Sindura Preparations @f Ayurveda Pp B3)BB.

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Pramod Kumar, IJPRBS, 2013; Volume 2(1

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