GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT FOR

PROPOSED SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT, MANFOUHA

RIYADH, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA


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S.NO TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO
1. INTRODUCTION 2
2. PURPOSE & SCOPE OF WORK 2
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE & PROJECT 3
4. EXPLORATION PROGRAM & DRILLING TECHNIQUES 3
5. LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAM 4
6. SUBSURFACE SOIL DESCRIPTION 4
7. DISCUSSION OF SUBSURFACE SOIL CONDITION 5
8. ROCK CORE STRENGTH 6
9. GROUND WATER 6
10. FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS 6
11. FOUNDATION CONSEDIRATIONS 7
12. EARTH PRESSURE AND SOIL PARAMETERS FOR DESIGN 7
13. DEWATERING 8
14. EXCAVATION & SLOPES 8
15. BACKFILLING AND COMPACTION 8
16. CHEMICAL TEST RESULTS 9
17. GENERAL COMMENTS 9


APPENDIX A: FIGURE - 1 BOREHOLE LOCATION PLAN
APPENDIX B: BOREHOLE LOGS
APPENDIX C: LABORATORY TEST RESULTS









GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT FOR
PROPOSED SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT, MANFOUHA
RIYADH, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA


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1. INTRODUCTION
M/s. Alettehad Technical Contracting, entrusted the responsibility of carrying out the geotechnical investigation
studies for the proposed SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT, MANFOUHA, RIYADH, KINGDOM OF
SAUDI ARABIA to OMAR JAZZAR CONSULTING ENGINEERS, Geotechnical I nvestigation Division.

Al Jazzar, has completed the field investigation studies of geotechnical exploration program and this report
presents the results of Geotechnical Investigation Report for the proposed project.

The investigation consists of drilling of total Four (04) boreholes up to a depth ranging from 10.0 to 20.0m in soil /
rock sampling, field & laboratory testing and preparation of a Geotechnical Investigation Report for the proposed
project.
2. PURPOSE & SCOPE OF WORK
The purpose of this investigation is to. :
1) Determine the soil / rock profile at the site, with ground water observation (If any).
2) Appraise and suggest the engineering properties of the existing soil / rock profiles based on the Field and
Laboratory testing.
3) Recommend the soil/rock design parameters for the purpose of foundation design.
4) Recommend a suitable foundation system and allowable bearing pressures at the founding level for the
proposed project.
5) Advise on backfill soil and subsurface concrete requirements.

The Scope of work includes
1) Conduct and execute the Exploration program in field and Laboratory as per the relevant standard.
2) Preparation of Geotechnical investigation report which consists of results of the findings and interpretation
of the results, recommendation on allowable bearing pressure and foundation types for the proposed
structures
Borehole logs are presented in Appendix ~B~ and the laboratory test results are given in Appendix ~C~.







GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT FOR
PROPOSED SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT, MANFOUHA
RIYADH, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA


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3. DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE & PROJECT

Proposed site is located in Manfouha, Riyadh. Within premises of existing Al Hair water station project as it is
extension part of existing station. Existing water station is located toward eastern direction of proposed site. Top
soil consist of silty sand with gravel at places and it is almost flat land. The proposed project consist of four tanks
and each tank was investigated with a borehole. These tanks has varied dimensions, shapes and depth, which was
understood from the client information.

4. EXPLORATION PROGRAM & TECHNIQUES
After the visual inspection of the site, the subsurface investigation program was performed. The boreholes were
drilled up to a maximum depth of 20.0 m below existing ground level using Acker & mobile drilling rigs for the
mentioned structures of the project.
Rotary drilling was performed using wash boring techniques in the over burden soil with casing pipe to stabilize
the boreholes up to the required depth. Field testing and sampling were conducted in accordance with the relevant
ASTM standards.
Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) was performed on the overburden soil. In this test, a standard split spoon of
length about 600 mm and external/internal diameter of 50/38 mm initially penetrates the soil for 15cm to bypass
the expected accumulated sludge at the bottom of the hole by means of a 63.5 kg. Hammer falling freely along a
guide from a height of 750 mm. The total number of blows (N) required to advance the spoon into the hole for
another two successive 15cm (a total of 30 cm) is recorded as a measure of the soil relative density or consistency
as given in Table # A of Appendix - B
Rock samples were extracted by Rotary drilling technique using double tube core barrel of 76mm diameter, fitted
with a diamond bit. The extracted cores for every run, not exceeding 1.5 meter were arranged in the core boxes
and the T.C.R as well as R.Q.D values were measured.

The appropriate estimation of the properties of the encountered rock strata can be obtained by referring to the
borehole logs and the description given in Table B of Appendix ~B~.

The fieldwork was carried out under the close supervision of our geotechnical engineer in accordance with ASTM
D1586 & D2113.







GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT FOR
PROPOSED SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT, MANFOUHA
RIYADH, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA


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5. LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAM
All extracted soil / rock samples were brought to the Geotechnical & Materials Testing Laboratory of Omar
Jazzar Consulting Engineers for further examination in accordance to ASTM D 2488. Selected samples were
subjected to the physical and chemical tests in accordance to relevant ASTM & BS Standards. The relevant tests
carried out include the following:

SL. NO. TEST DETAILS REFERENCE STANDARD
1. Moisture Content. ASTM D2216-10
2. Particle size analysis for soils ASTM D422-63
3. Atterberg limits ASTM D4318-93
4. Chemical Analysis BS 812-117; BS 812-118; BS 1377
5. Unconfined Compressive Strength for Rock ASTM D2938-79


6. SUBSURFACE PROFILE DESCRIPTION
Based on the borehole information, the existing sub surface soil / rock profile at the captioned site is illustrated
below;

BH # 01
0.0 1.5 m Fill: Light Brown, Non Plastic, Silty Sand with some gravels.
1.5 13.0m Brown, Low to Medium Plastic, Lean Clay, Cl, Hard
@ 4.5 m Becomes Sandy
13.0 15.0 m Limestone Rock: Yellowish brown, moderately hard, moderately to highly weathered


BH # 02
0.0 2.5 m Light Brown, Low Plastic, Silty Clayey Sand with gravel, SC-SM, very dense
2.5 5.5 m Brown, Low to Medium Plastic, Silt, ML, hard.
5.5 11.0 m Creamish brown, Low Plastic, Clayey Sand, SC, medium dense to very dense.
11.0 20.0 m Limestone Rock: Yellowish brown, moderately hard, moderately to highly weathered
@ 15.0 m Moderately weathered














GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT FOR
PROPOSED SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT, MANFOUHA
RIYADH, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA


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BH # 03
0.0 1.5 m Fill: Dune Sand & Block
1.5 3.5 m Brown, Low Plastic, Silt, ML, Hard
3.5 12.5 m Creamish Brown, Low to Medium Plastic, Clayey Sand, SC, very dense
@ 9.0 m Ditto, with gravel.
12.5 15.0 m Limestone Rock: Yellowish Cream, Moderately hard to soft, highly weathered and disintegrated rock

BH # 04
0.0 0.5 m Asphalt
0.5 4.0 m Fill: Compacted, Sub base materials, Silty Sand with gravel, SM, medium dense
4.0 8.5 m Brown, Low Plastic, Silty Clayey gravel with sand, GC-GM, dense to very dense
8.5 10.0 m Yellowish Brown, Low to Medium Plastic, Sandy Lean Clay, CL, hard.



The Total Core Recovery (T.C.R%) values are observed between 29 to 85% which shows soft or disintegrated
rock to sound rock, while Rock Quality Designation (R.Q.D.) is observed from Nil to 45% which shows very poor
to Poor Rock Quality Designation value.

7. DISCUSSION OF SUBSURFACE SOIL CONDITION
Since this project has 4 individual tanks the soil parameters shall be discussed individually for each tank
separately.
BH-1(TANK 1)
From the client information it is understood that the tank has a dimension of 3.90 m x 5.30 m with a proposed depth of
foundation of 3.40 m below formation level or ground level. This tank was investigated by a 15.0 m depth borehole.
From the field information sheet and lab test data it is been understood that there is fill soil up to a depth of 1.5 m below
the ground level followed by low to medium plastic lean clay layer which is having a hard consistency. This layer
becomes sandy from 4.5 m depth. Basically the shear strength is mostly contributed by cohesion and partly by friction.
The third layer is a limestone rock which is moderately hard, moderately to highly weathered.

BH-2(TANK 2)
The tank is 5.30 m x 8.90 m with a proposed depth of foundation of 7.60 m below formation level or ground level,
investigated by a 20.0 m borehole. From the ground level low plastic silty clayey sand with gravel was encountered in
very dense state up to a depth of 2.5 m followed by low to medium plastic hard silt soil which extends up to 5.5 m and the
limestone rock follows this layer.







GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT FOR
PROPOSED SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT, MANFOUHA
RIYADH, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA


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BH-3(TANK 3)
The tank is six dimensional with a proposed depth of foundation of 5.70 m below formation level or ground level,
investigated by a 15.0 m borehole. From the ground level a fill layer up to 1.50 m was encountered followed by low
plastic hard silt soil which extends up to 3.5 m. Low to medium plastic very dense clayey sand was encountered up to
12.5 m followed by limestone rock layer.

BH-4(TANK 4)
The tank is having 2 rectangular with a proposed depth of foundation of 3.75 m and 2.80 m below formation level or
ground level which was investigated by a 10.0 m borehole. 30 cm of asphalt level followed by fill material (compacted
sub base material consisting silty sand with gravel) was encountered up to 4.0 m. Dense to very dense low plastic clayey
gravel layer follows to 8.5 m and then low to medium plastic sandy lean clay.

In general the site is covered with low to medium plastic sand, clay, silt and gravel mixtures. The limestone rock is
existing from a depth deeper than 10.0 m below the ground level. Due to the cohesiveness of the virgin soil it is required
to adopt some ground improvement measure for placing the foundations in order to avoid un-necessary stress on to the
foundation.

8. ROCK CORE STRENGTH
Rock samples were extracted during investigation from each of the boreholes and selected sample was tested for
its strength. The compressive strength test result ranges between 397.0 to 532.0 kg/cm
2
. This shows that the rock is
medium strong to strong as per Table B in Appendix B

9. WATER TABLE
Ground water was not encountered up to depth of 20.0 meter below the existing ground level during the time of
field investigation.

10. FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS
In view of borehole logs and type of structure our recommendations for foundations are as follows.

- Shallow foundation system like spread footing system and or raft foundation system shall be adopted for
proposed structures.







GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT FOR
PROPOSED SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT, MANFOUHA
RIYADH, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA


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- An allowable bearing pressure as shown in the following table shall be adopted
Structure Minimum Foundation Depth (m) Net Allowable Bearing Pressure (kPa)
Tank 1 3.4 300
Tank 2 7.6 400
Tank 3 5.7 350
Tank 4 3.75 & 2.8 300


- A minimum thickness of 1.0 m compacted structural fill is mandatory below the footings. The founding
layer shall be compacted well.

11. FOUNDATION CONSIDERATIONS

- Ground water was not encountered up to 20.0 m below ground level during the time of field investigation.

- A PCC (Plain Cement Concrete) layer of 10cm thickness is recommended below the foundations.

- Any over excavation in the foundation trenches should be re-filled by plain cement concrete and any
disturbed and loose materials found in the foundation trenches should be removed before placement of
PCC.
- Expected settlements would be within allowable limits of 25/50mm for the recommended bearing capacity
for the spread/raft foundations while differential settlements shall be considered up to 75% of the total
settlements.

12. EARTH PRESSURE AND SOIL PARAMETERS FOR DESIGN
The coefficients of active, at rest and passive earth pressure (Ka, Ko, Kp) are provided to estimate the earth
pressure against the foundations. The value of these factors depends on type of the soil and its degree of
compaction. The table below shows the earth pressure parameters for different layers.







GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT FOR
PROPOSED SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT, MANFOUHA
RIYADH, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA


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Strata ( ) kN/m
3
()
o
(Ko) (Ka) (Kp)
(C) kPa
Soil Layer 17 30 0.50 0.33 3.00
100

Unit Weight of Soil;
Friction Angle;
Ko At Rest Earth Pressure = (1-sin;
Ka Active Earth Pressure = (1-sin 1+sin
Kp Passive Earth Pressure= (1+sin (1-sin
C Cohesion

13. DEWATERING
Ground Water was not encountered up to depth of 20.0m below the ground level during the time of field
investigation. Dewatering shall not be required during the foundation excavation and construction. However if
there is any seepage water intrusion from adjacent area, it shall be removed.

14. EXCAVATION & SLOPES
Excavation through the site soil/rock at the overburden can be carried out by conventional equipment such as
dozer or Poclain or rock dipper. The rock layers can have a nil slopes.

15. BACKFILLING AND COMPACTION
Back filling materials shall be granular with durable particles free of deleterious matter, meeting the gradation
requirement as described for groups A1-a, A-1-b or A-2-4 according to ASTM D3282 classification system. It
shall not contain stones larger than 80 mm, more than 35% fines passing # 200 sieve and deleterious foreign
matter.

Back filling materials shall be placed in horizontal layers not exceeding 25 cm thickness and each layer shall be
compacted to at least 95% of the maximum dry density in accordance to ASTM D 698 (Standard Proctor).












GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT FOR
PROPOSED SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT, MANFOUHA
RIYADH, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA


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16. CHEMICAL TEST RESULTS
Chemical analysis results of the existing soil are shown in Appendix-C. According to Saudi Building Code SBC
304C, the chemical results for the tested samples showed that chloride and sulfate exposure are negligible. As the
foundation may be subjected to chemical attack, proofing by any suitable method like bituminous sheeting is
required for foundations to protect the concrete from chemical attack. In case of no special specifications for the
project, Saudi Building Code SBC 304C showed be followed - See the attached sheets in same appendix for more
details.

17. GENERAL COMMENTS
The above allowable bearing pressure and the comments have been made based on the borehole information
obtained from the bore holes and laboratory tests, which were carried out on the samples collected from the site.
Number and location of bore holes were specified by the client and our geotechnical engineers. The investigation
and commentary are necessary ongoing as new information on subsurface conditions becomes available. When
foundation construction is underway, the recommendations of this report should be checked through field
inspection, to validate the information for use during the construction stage.


Yours very truly,
FOR OMAR J AZZAR CONSULTI NG ENGI EERS
(Geotechnical & Materials Engineers)


Engr. A. Raghu Prakash, M.E; MIGS; DRTM Engr. Akram Hasan, M.Sc;
Geotechnical Engineer. Senior Geologist.