1.

Basics of Heat load : Heat gain to the building:

Sensible heat: mostly from sun, heat dissipation from machines, electric lighting,
electrical panels, people, outside fresh air.
Latent Heat: From people, outside fresh air.
2. Types of HVAC units:
Window A/C Units
Mini Split A/C Units (Wall mount or ceiling mount or cassette type)
Ducted split A/C Units
Package A/C Units
Air cooled water chillers
Water cooled water chillers
Vapour Absorption Machines
3. Selection of Package A/C, Duct Split A/C Units,: Based on;
Cooling capacity (Total & sensible heat), Total heat = Sensible heat + Latent heat
Heating capacity for Electric Heater (if heater is required)
Air flow
External static pressure
Ambient air condition: Dry bulb temperature
Power supply for the A/C Unit
Vapour Absorption Machines
4. Selection of Chilled Water AHU
Cooling capacity (Total & sensible heat), Total heat = Sensible heat + Latent heat
Heating capacity for Electric Heater (if heater is required)
Air flow (CFM)
Chilled water flow (GPM)
Entering & Leaving Chilled Water Temp into cooling coil
External static pressure
Power supply for the A/C Unit
5. Difference between DX-AHU and Chilled water AHU
DX-AHU: It is the indoor unit if split A/C Unit where the refrigerant flows into the cooling
coil.
Chilled water AHU: The chilled water flows into the cooling coil coming from the chiller.
6. Main components of Package A/C Unit :
Blower
Evaporator (DX-cooling coil) made of copper tubes and aluminum fins
Compressor
Condenser coil made of copper tubes and aluminum fins. (For coastal and corrosive
environment, the condenser coil should be made of Copper tubes and copper fins)


7. Main components of Ducted split A/C Unit :
It is splitted into outdoor unit and indoor unit and they are connected through
Refrigerant piping.
Outdoor unit: Compressor and condenser coil
Indoor Unit: DX-Cooling coil and blower.
8. Critical Facilities: All critical facilities like Operation theatre rooms, Control rooms, data centres,
communication rooms, switchgear rooms and electric substations should have duty & standby
A/C Units.
9. Installation of Roof top Package A/C Units: Need to check the following before installation;
Location of the unit as per approved drawings
Readiness of concrete foundation and inspection clearance from civil
Arrangement of proper crane with proper documents
Should have the approved method statement for the installation of unit.
10. Fabrication of HVAC Ducts: Before stating the fabrication, make sure it is as per approved
drawings and site conditions.
11. Installation of ducts : Need to check the following before starting the installation
Should have approved shop drawing & coordination drawing and method statement for
the installation of ducts.
Cross check as per the site condition
Material inspection to be done
Duct s to insulated (leaving the joints for smoke testing) before installation in order to
save time.
12. Access doors: For all motorized dampers, fire dampers, duct heaters.
13. Identify the supply and return diffusers: Supply diffusers will be with inbuilt damper and return
diffuser will be without damper.
14. Back draft damper: It is like a check valve and required in case of duty & standby units
connected to common main supply & return duct to backflow in standby unit.
15. Types of most commonly used VAV : By pass VAV and Shut off VAV
By pass VAV: It is controlled through room thermostat and depending upon the room
temperature setting, supplies the required air flow to the room and by pass the
applicable amount of air to the ceiling and will return back to AHU.It varies the air flow
in room and keeps the constant air flow in ducting. It is similar to 3-way modulating
valve in chilled system which in installed in return piping of the chilled water AHU.

Modulating VAV: It is controlled through room thermostat and depending upon the
room temperature setting, supplies the required air flow to the room and shut off the
VAV which increases the air pressure inside the ducting. It varies the air flow in room
and also inside the ducting. With modulating VAV,the AHU blower motor should be with
VFD in order to vary the air flow. It is similar to 2-way modulating valve in chilled system
which in installed in return piping of the chilled water AHU.


16. Coordination for A/C Units;
Civil: Concrete foundation for A/C Units
Electrical: Power supply to the A/C Units
HVAC Control: Interfacing with control system
Fire Alarm: Interfacing with Fire Alarm system
17. Types of duct insulation
Fiberglass insulation
Rockwool insulation
Closed cell rubber insulation
18. Types of Chilled water piping insulation
Fiberglass insulation
Rockwool insulation
Polyurenated Foam
Closed cell rubber insulation
19. Material take-off for;
Ducting & insulation
Grills & Diffusers, dampers
Duct & Pipe supports
Piping, Valves, Flanges, Nuts & Bolts
20. Battery Room: The ducting & Grills should be stainless steel and exhaust fan (1 duty + 1 standby)
should be explosion proof.
21. Chilled Water Primary & secondary pumps :
Primary Pumps: Mostly constant flow and pumps the return chilled water through
chillers and up to the suction of secondary pumps.
Secondary Pumps: If the AHUs are with 2-way modulating valves, the this pump motor
should be with VFD to vary the flow to the AHUs.Usually it is installed after the chiller.
If the AHUs are with 3-way modulating valves, then no need of VFD,it will give constant
water flow.
22. Chilled Water Piping connections, Valves to AHU:
Inlet : Isolation Valve (Butterfly Valve),Strainer,drain,locating pressure & temperature
gauges
outlet : Balancing Valve,2-way/3-way modulating valve, Isolation Valve (Butterfly
Valve),,drain, locating pressure & temperature gauges
23. Material Inspection: Before installation, all the material has to get inspected by consultant for
approval.
24. Site Installation inspection: All the site installation has to be inspected by consultant for
approval.
25. How to prioritize the site activities to give clearance to other services
26. Smoke test : to check air leakage in ducting
27. Testing, Adjusting & Air Balancing (TAB)

28. Commissioning of A/C Units : Make sure that the;
All the ducting is completed and duct connection to the unit.
All refrigerant piping is completed and leak tested
Power supply to the unit
All the dampers are fully open


29. Commissioning of Chillers : Make sure that the;
All the piping is completed and piping connection to the Chillers, Pumps & AHU.
All the chilled water piping is completed and leak tested and flushing and chemical
treatment is done
Water balancing
Power supply to the Chillers