QUESTION:

For a total capacity of 36 Mbps and 64-QAM of diital !od"lation# $%at is t%& id&al 'F
band$idt%(
)%oic&s:
a* 4 M+, b* - M+, c* 6 M+, d* . M+,
ANS/E':
c* 6 M+,
SO0UTION 1IF 2'O30EM SO04IN56:
For a 64-QAM# t%& total n"!b&r of sy!bol co!binations is 64 sy!bols and t%&
n"!b&r of bits to prod"c& t%is is7
n 8 lo
9
64 8 6 bits p&r sy!bol
T%&r&for& t%& id&al 'F band$idt% is7
3/ 8 f
3
: n 8 36 Mbps : 6 bits
3/ 8 6 M+,
QUESTION:
/%at is t%& !od& of radio $a;& propaation t%at "tili,&d ionosp%&r& as a !&di"! of
trans!ission and : or r&c&ption of radio sinals(
)%oic&s:
a* ro"nd $a;& b* s<y $a;& c* spac& $a;& d* all of t%&s&
ANS/E':
b* s<y $a;&
QUESTION:
/%at is t%& $a;&l&nt% of a radio sinal tra;&llin at a fr&="&ncy of 99> M+, in a
coa?ial lin& %a;in T&flon foa! as its di&l&ctric# @
r
8 9(
)%oic&s:
a* A*> ! b* >*B- ! c* >*C6 ! d* A*36 !
ANS/E':
c* >*C6 !
SO0UTION 1IF 2'O30EM SO04IN56:
c 8 3 ? A>
B
!:s&c 8 3>> ? A>
6
!:s&c
;&locity factor ;
f
8 A : s=rt 1@
r
6 8 A : s=rt 196 8 >*.>. 8 ;
2
: c
T%&r&for& t%& ;&locity of t%& radio sinal in t%& coa?ial lin& is 7
;
2
8 >*.>.c 8 >*.>. 13>> ? A>
6
6 8 9A9#A39#>34*36 !:s&c 1or 9A9 ? A>
6
!:s&c
appro?*6
so t%at t%& $a;&l&nt% of t%& sinal is 7
D 8 ;
2
: f 8 9A9 ? A>
6
: 99> ? A>
6
8 >*C636367 ! or >*C6 ! appro?*
QUESTION:
/%at is t%& anl& of r&fraction in a T&flon 1@
r9
8 96 !&di"! of a radio $a;& fro! air 1@
rA
8
A*>6 if its anl& of incid&nc& is 4-E(
)%oic&s:
a* 94E b* 96E c* 9BE d* 3>E
ANS/E':
d* 3>E
SO0UTION 1IF 2'O30EM SO04IN56:
Usin Sn&llFs 0a$7
S=rt 1@
rA
6 sin G
i
8 S=rt 1@
r9
6 sin G
r

S=rt 1A6 sin 4-E 8 S=rt 196 sin G
r
G
r
8 sin
-A
H1S=rt 1A6 sin 4-E6 : S=rt 196I 8 sin
-A
1>*-6 8 3>E
QUESTION:
An ionosp%&r& lay&r also t&r!&d as Jabsorption lay&rK b&ca"s& it absorbs !ost of t%&
fr&="&nci&s abo;& A>> <+, is <no$n as t%& 7 lay&r*
)%oic&s:
a* L b* E c* FA d* F9
ANS/E':
a* L
SO0UTION 1IF 2'O30EM SO04IN56:
T%& L lay&r %as a critical fr&="&ncy in t%& ord&r of A>> <+,* E;&n MF band
fr&="&nci&s ar& absorb&d by t%is lay&r d"rin s<y $a;& propaation partic"larly
in AM and S/ radio broadcastin*
QUESTION:
As p&r ITU-' '&cc* 4*43A-6 Tabl&s A M 9 /a;&l&nt% )lassifications# $%at is t%&
classification of S"p&r +i% Fr&="&ncy(
)%oic&s:
a* !&tric b* d&ci!&tric c* c&nti!&tric d* !illi!&tric
ANS/E':
c* c&nti!&tric
SO0UTION 1IF 2'O30EM SO04IN56:
S+F band: 3 5+, N 3> 5+,
D
!a?
8 3 ? A>
B
: 3 ? A>
C
8 >*A ! 8 A>> c!
D
!in
8 3 ? A>
B
: 3> ? A>
C
8 >*>A ! 8 A c!
S+F band $a;&l&nt% classification is ranin fro! A c! to A>> c!* T%&r&for& it
is c&nti!&tric $a;&*
QUESTION:
/%at is a di;&rsity sc%&!& t%at "s&s t$o 196 s&parat& ant&nnas and r&c&i;&rs for &ac%
sinl& trans!itt&r(
)%oic&s:
a* fr&="&ncy
di;&rsity
b* spac&
di;&rsity
c* anl&
di;&rsity
d* ="adrat"r&
di;&rsity
ANS/E':
b* spac& di;&rsity
QUESTION:
/%at is a di;&rsity sc%&!& t%at "s&s t$o 196 diff&r&nt fr&="&nci&s in a si!pl&? pat%(
)%oic&s:
&* fr&="&ncy
di;&rsity
f* spac&
di;&rsity
* anl&
di;&rsity
%* ="adrat"r&
di;&rsity
ANS/E':
a* fr&="&ncy di;&rsity
QUESTION:
/%at is t%& critical fr&="&ncy of a lay&r if t%& !a?i!"! ;al"& of &l&ctron d&nsity is 9 ?
A>
6
p&r c!
3
(
)%oic&s:
a* AA M+, b* A9 M+, c* A3 M+, d* A4 M+,
ANS/E':
c* A3 M+,
SO0UTION 1IF 2'O30EM SO04IN56:
N
!a?
8 9 ? A>
6
p&r c!
3
8 9 ? A>
6
? A>
6
p&r !
3
8 9 ? A>
A9
p&r !
3
f
c
8 C ? s=rt 1N
!a?
6 8 C ? s=rt 19 ? A>
A9
6
f
c
8 A9*.3 M+, or A3 M+, appro?*
QUESTION:
A radio co!!"nication lin< is to b& &stablis%&d ;ia t%& ionosp%&r&* T%& !a?i!"! ;irt"al
%&i%t of t%& lay&r is AA> <!* at t%& !idpoint of t%& pat% and t%& critical fr&="&ncy is 4
M+,* If t%& distanc& b&t$&&n t%& radio stations is ->> <!# $%at is t%& s"itabl& ;al"& for
t%& opti!"! $or<in fr&="&ncy( Us& flat t&rrain analysis*
)%oic&s:
a* B*9 M+, b* B*3 M+, c* B*4 M+, d* B*- M+,
ANS/E':
c* B*4 M+,
SO0UTION 1IF 2'O30EM SO04IN56:
For flat t&rrain analysis# tan i 8 d:9%
;
i 8 tan
-A
Hd:9%
;
I 8 tan
-A
H->>:91AA>6I 8 tan
-A
H9*9.3I 8 66*9-E anl& of incid&nc&
MUF 8 f
c
? s&c i 8 fc : cos i 8 4 : cos 66*9-E 8 4 : >*4>9.- 8 C*C39 M+, ;ia
S&cant 0a$
O/F 8 >*B- ? MUF 8 >*B- 1C*C396 8 B*4499 M+, or B*4 M+, appro?*
QUESTION:
T%& po$&r d&nsity is in;&rs&ly proportional to t%& s="ar& of t%& distanc& fro! t%&
so"rc&* T%is la$ is <no$n as7
)%oic&s:
a* FaradayFs la$ c* In;&rs& S="ar& la$
b* Sn&llFs la$ d* 5a"ss la$
ANS/E':
c* In;&rs& S="ar& la$
QUESTION:
T%& lo$&st portion of t%& ionosp%&r& t%at is "s&f"l for lon-distanc& co!!"nication by
a!at&"rsO abo"t A>> to AA- <! abo;& t%& &art% is <no$n as t%&7 lay&r* T%is is oft&n
t&r!&d as t%& P&nn&ly-+&a;ysid& lay&r*
)%oic&s:
a* L b* E c* FA d* F9
ANS/E':
b* E
QUESTION:
A rap% $%ic% s%o$s t%& radiation in act"al fi&ld str&nt% of &l&ctro!an&tic fi&lds at all
points $%ic% ar& at &="al distanc& fro! t%& ant&nna is <no$n as7
)%oic&s:
a* Fr&="&ncy '&spons& c* S!it% )%art
b* 'adiation 2att&rn d* F)) F1->#->6 5rap%
ANS/E':
b* 'adiation 2att&rn
QUESTION:
T%& &ffici&ncy of an ant&nna is B9 Q* Its radiation r&sistanc& is 3> R* /%at is t%& ;al"&
of its loss r&sistanc&(
)%oic&s:
a* .- R b* A- R c* A9 R d* 6*-B R
ANS/E':
d* 6*-B R
SO0UTION 1IF 2'O30EM SO04IN56:
S 8 '
d
:1'
d
T '
loss
6
>*B9 8 3>:13> T '
loss
6
>*B9 13> T '
loss
6 8 3> 8 94*6 T >*B9 '
loss
'
loss
8 13> N 94*66 : >*B9 8 6*-B-4 R or 6*-B R appro?*
QUESTION:
A p%&no!&non on t%& s"rfac& of t%& s"n $it% app&aranc& and disapp&aranc& of dar<
irr&"larly s%ap&d ar&as*
)%oic&s:
a* SIL b* AA-y&ar
s"nspot
c* Sporadic E-
lay&r
d* Ionosp%&ric
stor!s
ANS/E':
b* AA-y&ar s"nspot
QUESTION:
/%at s%o"ld b& don& to incr&as& t%& trans!ission distanc& at fr&="&nci&s %i%&r t%an
+F bands(
)%oic&s:
a* incr&as& ant&nna ain c* incr&as& trans!itt&r po$&r
b* incr&as& ant&nna %&i%t d* incr&as& r&c&i;&r s&nsiti;ity
ANS/E':
b* incr&as& ant&nna %&i%t
QUESTION:
/%ic% of t%& follo$in factors !"st b& consid&r&d in t%& trans!ission of a s"rfac& $a;&
to r&d"c& att&n"ation(
)%oic&s:
a* &l&ctrical prop&rti&s of t%& t&rrain c* ant&nna polari,ation
b* fr&="&ncy d* all c%oic&s
ANS/E':
d* all c%oic&s
QUESTION:
A radio station op&rat&s at AA !&t&r $a;&l&nt%* /%at is t%& d&sinat&d band of
stationFs fr&="&ncy(
)%oic&s:
a* MF

b* +F c* 4+F d* U+F
ANS/E':
b* +F
SO0UTION 1IF 2'O30EM SO04IN56:
c 8 3 ? A>
B
!:s&c
D 8 AA ! 8 c : f
f 8 3 ? A>
B
: AA 8 9. M+, appro?*# $%ic% is $it%in 3 N 3> M+, ran& d&sinat&d
as +F band
QUESTION:
/%at is t%& total radio %ori,on distanc& b&t$&&n an B> ft trans!ittin station and a 9> ft
r&c&i;in station(
)%oic&s:
a* -3*66 <!
b* -3*66 !i c* AB*C. <! d* AB*C. !i
ANS/E':
d* AB*C. !i
SO0UTION 1IF 2'O30EM SO04IN56:
d
'+ 1TOT6
8 s=rt 19 ? %
T
6 T s=rt 19 ? %
'
6
d
'+ 1TOT6
8 s=rt 19 ? B>6 T s=rt 19 ? 9>6
d
'+ 1TOT6
8 AB*C. !i
QUESTION:
A po$&r d&nsity of A*-. ? A>
-4
/:!
9
is !&as"r&d -> !&t&rs fro! a t&st ant&nna $%os&
dir&cti;& ain is 9*A- d3* +o$ !"c% po$&r $as f&d into t%& t&st ant&nna(
)%oic&s:
a* A /

b* 9 / c* 3 / d* 4 /
ANS/E':
c* 3 /
SO0UTION 1IF 2'O30EM SO04IN56:
Fro! In;&rs& S="ar& 0a$# 2
L
8 2
'
:4Ud
9
2
'
8 2
L
? 4Ud
9
8 A*-. ? A>
-4
? 4U1->6
9
8 4*C3 / appro?* is t%& radiat&d po$&r
5
ANT
8 lo
-A
H9*A- d3:A>I 8 A*64
2
'
8 2
FEL
? 5
ANT
2
FEL
8 2
'
: 5
ANT
8 4*C3 : A*64 8 3*>>. / or 3 / appro?*