USDA Forest Service

Living Memorials Project

Design Collaborative
FINAL REPORT
April 2005
United States Department of Agriculture
Forest Service
Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry
Newtown Square, PA
NA-IN-09-05
Acknowledgments
Theodore Eisenman, Principal of Environmental Design & Communications, LLC, managed the project and
Matt Arnn, Area Landscape Architect, USDA Forest Service Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry,
supervised daily operations. Thanks go to community participants Barry Goodinson, Paula Hewitt, Mike Hill,
Rick Magder, and Nando Rodriguez for their invaluable assistance; Peter Trowbridge of Cornell University; Lee
Weintraub of the City College of NY; Ron Kagawa of Virginia Tech; Dr. William Burch and Colleen Murphy-
Dunning of the Yale University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies; David Kamp of Dirtworks PC;
Robin Morgan, Phillip Rodbell, Area Director Kathryn Maloney, and Deputy Director John Nordin of the USDA
Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry; Lindsay Campbell, Erika Svendsen, Morgan
Grove, and Mark Twery of the USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station; Northeastern Research
Station Director Michael Rains; and Deputy Chief Joel Holtrop and Chief Dale Bosworth of the USDA Forest
Service, Washington Ofce.
USDA Forest Service
Northeastern Area
State and Private Forestry
11 Campus Blvd., Suite 200
Newtown Square, PA 19073
www.na.fs.fed.us
Table of Contents
Introduction and Project Overview.................................................................................... 1
Project Specications...................................................................................................... 2
Cottage Place Gardens................................................................................................... 3
New Jersey Avenue and O Street Park........................................................................... 9
Open Road Park.............................................................................................................. 11
Municipal Art Society of New York Exhibit........................................................................ 22
27
Recommendations........................................................................................................... 31
A Message from Matthew Arnn........................................................................................ 32
C Back
Cover
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
1
Project Overview
Responding to the publics desire to honor and
memorialize the tragic losses that occurred on
September 11, 2001, Congress authorized the
USDA Forest Service to create the Living Memorials
Project, utilizing the resonant power of trees and
green space to create lasting, living memorials to
the victims of terrorism, their families, communities,
and the Nation. Cost-share grants and technical
assistance support the design and development of
more than 50 community memorial projects in the
New York City and Washington D.C. metropolitan
areas and southwestern Pennsylvania.
The focus of the Living Memorials Project is the
healing power of trees. Trees commemorate and
honor lost individuals while restoring the spirit of
individuals and enhancing communities. One of the
added dimensions of planting trees is the creation of
space for individuals to connect with the restorative
powers of nature in their own way, on their own
terms, and at their own pace. The Living Memorials
Project, in essence, provides the opportunity to
create spaces for the ordinary and extraordinary
moments of our lives.
The design collaborative was initiated to increase
citizen involvement in the design process and
applies site analysis, employing the design skills
of students while providing them with hands-on
experience in a professional, public setting. During
the 2004 cycle of projects, three Living Memorial
recipient groups and three graduate-level landscape
architecture programs agreed to participate in this
collaborative project:
Cottage Place Gardens (Yonkers, NY)
Professor Lee Weintraubs Design Studio at City
College of New York (CCNY), partnered with
Groundwork Yonkers
Open Road Park (Manhattan, NY)
Professor Peter Trowbridges Plant Design and
Introduction
The USDA Forest
Service, in the process
of creating the Living
Memorials Project, identied a unique educational
opportunity for landscape architecture students
and their academic institutions. Bringing together
citizens and design students in collaborative efforts
has proven benecial to all involved. Citizens of a
community feel the satisfaction of seeing their input
realized in student designs, while the students gain
priceless practical experience by participating in the
progressive steps of a real project.
The design and creation of a living memorial
through the Living Memorials Project is intended
to be a symbolic, cathartic event for communities
devastated by tragedy and disaster. The
design collaborative, through committing design
students and community members to a common
cause, has proven valuable not just as a mutual
learning experience in creating a memorial, but
by challenging the use of traditional brick-and-
mortar tributes. Creating open spaces and parks
as memorials elicits the emotional involvement of
both the students and the community, beginning
with a creative alliance and culminating in a
commemorative space that visitors can enter, not
simply view. Living memorials are an accessible,
afrmative remembrance, providing a place for
peaceful thought, reective recollection, and quiet
homage. The process of working with neighbors
and strangers in creating these living memorials
serves to form social bonds, which survive long
after project completion. Built work from some or
portions of the presented designs may or may not
result; ultimately, the design process advances the
dialogue of how we invest in the physical, social,
and ecological fabric of our communities.
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
2
Establishment course at Cornell University,
partnered with Open Road
New Jersey Avenue and O Street Park
(Washington, DC)
Ron Kagawas landscape architecture students at
Virginia Tech, partnered with Greenspaces for DC
Professors and students were provided exibility
in determining how to engage their respective
sites and partner communities, which encouraged
creativity and local initiative, while working within the
academic structure and schedule of the respective
universities. Participating programs agreed to certain
minimum guidelines to ensure some consistencies
across the three partnerships, including:
- a participatory design process with the partner
community
- a mid-term and nal review of design work
- development and submission of specied design
boards and reports.
Project binders, prepared and provided to each of
the academic partners, served to situate the project
within a critical pedagogical framework. The binders
included reading materials in ve categories: Living
Memorials Background, Environmental & Ecological
Services of Parks, Social & Public Health Benets of
Parks, Participatory Design, and Memory & Healing.
The project culminated in an exhibition of student
design boards at the Municipal Arts Society (MAS)
in mid-town Manhattan between July 17 and
August 25, 2004. The MAS, a leading urban design
institution and advocacy group in New York City,
organizes walking tours, hosts lectures, facilitates
multiple urban design projects, and houses The
Urban Center book store, specializing in architecture
and design resources. Display of the students
designs in this setting guaranteed an attentive
audience.
Project Specications
University partners agreed to the expectations and
deliveries outlined in a memorandum to participating
students authored by the design collaborative
management team. The memorandum reiterated
that the project designs need not literally refer to the
events of 9/11, but strive to create living places that
rejuvenate and heal. Specic requirements for two
deliverables at the end of the academic year were a
30-inch high by 40-inch wide design board for public
viewing and a 4-page design summary in electronic
PDF format.
Students were apprised to create their boards with
the understanding that they be able to stand on
public display for 2 months and enable someone
with no familiarity with the site to grasp and
appreciate the intended design. Guidelines for
incorporation of identied elements ensured some
uniformity, facilitating display of submissions from
all three universities in a single exhibition while
allowing the individual students sufcient freedom
to communicate their design concepts. Electronic
summary specications identied the methodology
for providing a means to consolidate the design
elements of the boards for a nal report to enable
future dissemination to a wider audience.
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
3
Cottage Place Gardens
Yonkers, NY
City College of New York, Yale University
School of Forestry and Environmental
Studies, Groundwork Yonkers
Description
Professor Lee Weintraubs spring semester
graduate-level landscape architecture design studio
at City College of New York (CCNY) partnered with
Groundwork Yonkers to develop a Living Memorial
at Cottage Place Gardens, a public housing
development in Yonkers, New York. Located in
southwest Yonkers overlooking the Hudson River,
Cottage Place Gardens is a low-income community
with many long-term residents. The community,
however, has suffered a number of homicides over
the past few years, and the physical landscape
is in poor condition: abandoned lots surround the
perimeter, the ground in many places is barren and
eroded, and much of the vegetation is unattractive
and dying. Executive Director Rick Magder
described the goal of the project: to reclaim lost
ground . . . by exploring the connection between
the events of September 11
th
and the ongoing
experience of upheaval in certain communities.
Yale University School of Forestry and
Environmental Studies also participated in this
project through Dr. William Burchs Global to Local
Pattern and Process in Urban Ecosystems course,
described as follows:
This course explores some theories and techniques
of measurement, planning, and management being
developed by social and biological scientists along
with those of engineers and designers about the
causes and consequences of observed regularities
in the structure and processes of urban ecosystems.
Students will have the opportunity to explore some
of the interplay between issues of identity and urban
livability as driven by trends in livelihoods, lifestyles
and legacies where trees, lawns, and other plants,
soils, people, streets, sewers, organizations, laws
and institutions, along with uxes in demographic,
disease, nutrient, seasonal, life, academic, and
sports cycles, are shaping the pattern and process
of all urban ecosystems.
The triad partnership at Cottage Place Gardens
proved helpful in thoroughly understanding the
challenges of the site and improving the design
solution. The partners coordinated their efforts and
dened their roles:
- Groundwork Yonkers provided overall project
coordination
- Yale assumed responsibility for assessing
pattern and processes in the built, biophysical
and sociocultural environment; identifying
community needs; and developing a
sustainable outdoor program
- CCNY developed an open space improvement
plan to facilitate restoration of the residential
fabric, fostering a stronger sense of
community.
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
4
Discussion about the socioeconomic condition of Yonkers.
View of channelized waterway running below and through
the city.
Discussion with Steve Whetstone, Commissioner of Plan-
ning and Community Development for the City of Yonkers.
Site context discussion.
Process
February and March 2004
Students of Dr. William Burchs Global to Local
Pattern and Process in Urban Ecosystems course
at Yale spent 2 full days in Yonkers and Cottage
Place Gardens. Activities consisted of a guided tour
of Yonkers by Rick Magder, Executive Director of
Groundwork Yonkers; meetings with a local planner;
site walks; and meetings with Cottage Garden
residents.
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
5
Process
February and March 2004
Professor Lee Weintraubs graduate landscape
architecture students, with Groundwork Yonkers and
representatives from Yale, led an evening charrette
(design workshop) with about 25 Cottage Garden
residents. The goal of the charette was to identify
the opportunities and challenges of the site. Results
were presented on ip charts and recorded on a
large base plan.
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
6
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
7
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
8
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
9
New Jersey Avenue and O Street Park
Washington, D.C.
Virginia Tech and Green Spaces for D.C.
Description
This project grew out of a larger Living Memorials
project situating tree groves in each of Washington,
D.C.s eight wards. The groves are designed to
serve as satellites to a larger, center grove on
Kingman Island in the Anacostia River. Green
Spaces for DC is the lead agency of a coalition of
government agencies and nonprots planning the
groves. Ron Kagawas Landscape Architecture
Studio at Virginia Tech, Washington-Alexandria
Architecture Center (WAAAC), and Barry
Goodinson, Executive Director of Green Spaces for
DC, reviewed the eight groves and selected the park
at New Jersey Avenue and O Street, NW as their
collaborative project site.
Virginia Tech provided this course description for the
project:
Green Nature: Human Nature
Frederick Law Olmsted once referred to urban
parks as the lungs of a city, exceptional places of
nature, cleansed air, restored body, mind, and soul -
amidst a bustling metropolis. How may a landscape
in which nature represents the normal progression
of life as germination, growth, maturity, senescence,
and death, commemorate the sudden events of
September 11, 2001? Can a landscape renew our
spirit as it draws life into the city?
This architecture and landscape architecture
proposal seeks conception of a living memorial for
Washington, D.C. as an urban landscape of national
remembrance and healing at a community and
individual scale. Through sponsorship of the U.S.
Department of Agriculture, selected proposals will be
exhibited at the Municipal Arts Society of New York
during the summer, 2004.
This project did not fully materialize. A community
partner representative was never identied, and due
to mid-semester stafng complications at Virginia
Tech, most of the students in the design studio
dropped out of the class (see Recommendations).
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
10
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
11
Open Road Park
Manhattan, NY
Cornell University and Open Road
Description
Graduate students from Professor Peter
Trowbridges landscape architecture course,
Creating the Urban Eden: Woody Plant Selection,
Design and Landscape Establishment at Cornell
University partnered with Open Road, an advocacy
group, in Manhattans East Village. Open Road
Park is a 1-acre former browneld site next to
East Side Community High School. The site, an
abandoned bus depot, was transformed 15 years
ago into a vibrant community park through a highly
participatory design process under the guidance
of Paula Hewitt. Today, approximately 150 people
of both genders, all ages, and multiple socioethnic
groups engage daily in a broad range of activities;
teachers from the high school use the park for
science and environmental education, teenagers
play basketball and volleyball, members of an
adjacent mosque grow vegetables and owers,
and families with children enjoy the pond and quiet
sitting areas.
Some block residents, in the wake of September
11
th
,

angrily called for members of the neighborhood
mosque to leave the community. The park became
a spontaneous community gathering place,
establishing a zone of safety and mutual respect.
Fostering the process of community healing,
Open Road conceived of Healing Trees, a Living
Memorials project to enhance the physical character
of the site through a participatory design process.
Project partners included the New Design School,
11
th
Street Block Association, Medina Masjid
Mosque, Mary Help of Christians, Green Thumb,
and the NYC Parks Department.
Professor Trowbridges plant establishment and
design course proved well suited for this project, due
to its critical focus on urban trees. The course is the
rst of a two-semester sequence that familiarizes
the landscape architect/horticulturist with plant
identication, establishment, and appropriate use
and design. Students engage in the practice of
site assessment and related planting design in this
portion of the course.
The design process was signicantly enhanced by
Paula Hewitts expertise in participatory design. The
methodology consisted of a community factnding
study by Open Road members, a site inventory
and analysis by Cornell students, a mid-term
charrette at Cornell attended by ve Open Road
participants, and a nal presentation at Open Road
Park, attended by over 150 students, community
members, and related professionals.
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
12
Tree Inventory
Soil pH Site Dimensions
Process
March 6, 2004
Twenty students from Cornell arrived at the park
at 10:00 a.m., engaging in an intensive 2-hour
inventory of plants, soils, site conditions, and use
assessment. The Cornell students then discussed
their ndings with Open Road community members,
which led into a broader conversation about the
overall site. Open Road participants supplemented
the physical site assessment by developing a socio-
cultural survey of the neighborhood.
Introduction
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
13
Circulation Patterns
Activity Zones
Tree Inventory pH Zones
Bulk Density
Group Discussion
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
14
Process
April 8, 2004
A team of ve Open Road members and directors
traveled to Cornell University to participate in a
3-hour charrette with the landscape architecture
students who had visited Open Road earlier in
March. Cornell presented initial ndings from its
site inventory and analysis, and Open Road shared
conclusions of its sociocultural factnding. This
background provided the context for the afternoons
schematic design charrette. Open Road participants
spent 20 to 30 minutes with each of the Cornell
teams, responding to initial design ideas and
discussing the opportunities and constraints of the
site.
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
15
Process
May 21, 2004
Open Road organized a 4-hour public viewing
of design proposals developed by eight Cornell
student teams. In addition to open viewing for
local citizens, three groups from local schools
participated as jurors. This provided the Cornell
designers with critical feedback and facilitated a
greater understanding of the landscape design
process for local youth. Participants included 60
ninth grade students from New Design High School,
65 seventh through twelfth grade students from East
Side Community High School and Beacon program
(attended by students from Mary Help of Christians,
Medina Masjid Mosque, and Public School 19), and
25 second through sixth grade students from the PS
19 after-school program, run by Chinatown Planning
Council school. The event culminated with a buffet
dinner prepared by several families of the Open
Road community.
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
16
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
17
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18
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
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Living Memorials Design Collaborative
20
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
21
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
22
Municipal Art Society of New York
Exhibit
Manhattan, NY
The project culminated with a 7-week exhibit at the
Municipal Art Society (MAS) of New York, one of the
citys premiere venues for architectural exhibits and
resources for urban planning. The exhibit occupied
the main lobby, stairwell landing, and second oor
hallway exhibit space. On August 25, the MAS
sponsored a public event to celebrate and close
the exhibit. Approximately 40 people attended the
event, including student and community participants,
urban planning and landscape architecture
professionals, and the public.
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
23
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
24
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
25
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
26
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
27
Conclusions
This project grew from the premise that the
overarching mission of the Living Memorials
project could be advanced by collaborating with
and drawing upon the design skills of academic
institutions and through facilitating and increasing
direct citizen involvement in the landscape design
process. Each of the three university/community
collaborations presented unique conditions. To
provide guidance for future projects of a similar
nature, this section briey summarizes each of the
partnerships, followed by recommendations.
Cottage Place Gardens (Yonkers, NY): This
project was exceptional in that two academic
institutions participated, each with distinct schedules
and pedagogical approaches. The attempt to merge
Yales socioecological methodology with CCNYs
design process was not fully successful because
a fully collaborative partnership never developed
due to the distance between the schools, conicting
academic schedules, and a lack of clarity as to
how each could best support the other. The result
was essentially two discrete processes, both of
which had value and provided substantial learning
opportunities to the students. Professor Lee
Weintraub of CCNY stated, The Living Memorials
project enabled the students to experience ordinary
day-to-day community life. These experiences lead
ultimately to respect and a better understanding of
the places they may be entrusted to design in the
future. More importantly, the process empowered
the residents and emboldened the students.
Having two academic institutions participate
proved to be a drawback; the process, goals, and
expectations were not entirely clear to Cottage
Place residents. Fortunately, Groundwork Yonkers,
with an ongoing presence, provided direction and
clarication and worked with residents to synthesize
and incorporate student recommendations with
community needs and desires. Commenting
on this collaborative project, Rick Magder of
Groundwork Yonkers offered numerous thoughts
and recommendations:
Both the participatory process and the design work
were extremely valuable to the project. All of our
projects are participatory with local people they
affect. However, we are a small organization and
the opportunity to have 25 students from two major
universities focused on the community was a great
resource and opportunity. I think the neighborhood
involved appreciated and enjoyed the students
enthusiasm for the community and interest in learning
about them and the local environment.
The times that the students were onsite really helped
us galvanize interest in the project from the residents.
Building the connection between these communities
and major universities is especially helpful for the
young people in the neighborhood, who might
begin to believe that they can in fact attain a college
degree. For us at Groundwork, the creative energy
that the students brought opened our eyes to some
new possibilities, both programmatically and in terms
of design improvements to the site. The research
generated, especially by Yale, in terms of local data
and maps are things we can use in the future. At the
same time, the wonderful, beautiful designs created
by CCNY are on the walls throughout our ofce and
have been shared with the residents. We have taken
many of the student ideas and incorporated them
into our thought process for the nal project. In fact,
we are actively trying to pursue funding for one of
the programmatic ideas generated by Yale called
WalkingRX.
As far as the landscape design work done by
CCNY, very little of it is applicable to the nal
project because its scope was just too broad for the
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
28
funding that we have under this project. I think it
is a great concept in general. As Ive noted above,
there is much to be gained by the involvement of
academic institutions of such high caliber in local
community development initiatives. It can be a
powerful experience for everyone. I also think
having both Yale and CCNY involved was a plus.
However, in the future, such collaborations should
not be only 3 months long (one semester, more or
less). Community projects do not work that way. It is
a major aw in the project design that the students
came and went. An academic commitment for at
least a year is essential for this to work well.
The other issue was the speed that the student
work played out. Ideally, Yale would have been on
the ground earlier to feed into the design process.
But due to rapid launch of the project and different
academic schedules, this was not possible. The
speed also had other implications. Both classes had
their own academic goals and agendas already set,
which did not always serve the overall project. For
CCNY, in particular, the Living Memorial Design was
an added-on 2-week segment that felt very rushed
and focused at a level that was way too broad to
be helpful to us and our nal installation. For these
collaborations to work I think the academic partners
must be clear about what they are getting into and
must commit to serving the projects goals. To do
this, they need some lead time, even 6 months to a
year, to integrate the project into their curriculum.
Lastly, as I have said before, we greatly appreciate
the support of the Forest Service. At the same time,
projects that involve community stewardship can
only succeed over a period of time (3-5 years). Once
funding for the Memorial project ends next spring
we have to replace it with funding from somewhere
else. Now that we are in the community we cannot
simply walk away. Thus, longer-term Forest Service
grants at lower funding amounts are better for
project and program sustainability.
According to Magder, three nal concepts were
developed for the Living Memorials project. The
proposals were reviewed by senior staff and the
director of the Municipal Housing Authority and
received approval to proceed. Two community
meetings in the fall of 2004 resulted in selection of
the nal concept by the residents and the tenant
council. The project, which focuses on new
memorial gardens and play spaces for children and
youth, broke ground in April of 2005. The planting
of 29 trees occurred in May and dedication of the
playground will take place on September 11, 2005.
Community members, students, and local artists
continue to work together on a mosaic project, with
completion expected in early 2006.
New Jersey and O Street Park (Washington,
D.C.): This project did not fully materialize. A
community partner representative was never
identied, and most of the students in the
participating design studio at Virginia Tech
dropped the class due to mid-semester stafng
complications.
Open Road Park (Manhattan, NY): This project
evolved into a dynamic and extensive collaboration,
which continues beyond the Living Memorials
project. Professor Peter Trowbridge of Cornell and
Paula Hewitt of Open Road are now collaborating
on a rooftop landscape design for a high school
renovation project on Manhattans Lower East Side.
Several underlying factors contributed to this
successful partnership. Open Road is a unique
organization, with over 15 years of ongoing human
and capital investment. Resident members Paula
Hewitt and Nando Rodriguez provided long-term
leadership and promotion of resident involvement in
the evolution of the site throughout the years, and
the park is already a prominent and highly valued
place in the local community.
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
29
The park is physically and administratively linked to
an adjacent high school, which maintains important
ties with teachers and students. Additionally, park
leaders and users have a history of participatory
design. The Cornell students contribution, as
part of their work for the course, Creating the
Urban Eden: Woody Plant Selection, Design and
Landscape Establishment, was exceptionally
well suited to the projects focus on living plant
material. Students conducted important technical
site analysis regarding soil conditions, hydrology
and plant viability. The partners mutual receptivity
and commitment to a participatory process resulted
in design proposals that directly incorporated
community needs and desires.
Said Peter Trowbridge of the experience:
The Living Memorials project at the 12
th
Street
School in the lower East Side of Manhattan was an
excellent project for my class. The students were
able to engage in a complex urban site assessment
exercise, which is difcult to nd in NYC. The
physical site assessment, combined with the social
consequence of their work, brought the students to
a new level of understanding regarding landscape
architectural design. Students were able to respond
to inputs from several different clients, including
Open Road (the advocacy group for the school), the
Living Memorials staff, school staff, and students as
well as representatives from the nearby community.
In the end, their work reected the complexity that is
the constituency of the school.
Inputs from the Living Memorials staff were terric.
In advance of students engaging in their site visits,
we received University Design and Exhibition
notebooks that outlined the Living Memorials goals
and mission, environmental and economic services,
social and public health benets, the participatory
design process, and reading on memory and
design. This binder of information was exceptionally
instructive for our students and faculty as we
worked through the design process with the school
and the community. We had several scheduled
phone calls and a consistent ow of e-mail to make
the project smooth and mutually fullling for the
client and student groups. Living Memorials staff
brought faculty, students, and a representative of
Open Road to the Cornell campus for a structured
participatory design process, which greatly
facilitated the work of the landscape architecture
students. If any improvements could be suggested,
it might be made more explicit what is really possible
to achieve with communities for the resources at
hand. In a straightforward design project, this would
be made clear. With the complexity of a community
participatory process, the ability, responsibility, and
especially the timeframe for execution are never
quite clear.
We hope that the student work from Cornell
provided the school, staff, and Open Road with a
concrete base for future design work by the Lower
East Side school and community. Because of
the articial timeframe that we work within at the
university, the real-time attributes of a project like
Living Memorials are difcult at best to have follow-
through without an advocate like Open Road or the
staff of Living Memorials.
Said Paula Hewitt:
It was valuable for our group to see how landscape
architects work, to visit the Cornell studio, to see a
wide variety of design solutions for the same site
our local group has been working with, and to look
at the site from a very different perspective. Many
members of our community group didnt really
have a clear sense of what a living memorial was
until they saw the Cornell student designs. It was
valuable for our group to go through the structured
design process with new partners and with a new,
very different design goal.
We received excellent support, direction, and
communication. Were happy to be continuing
with the landscape architecture professor from
Cornell and his students at Seward Park, a high
school renovation project, and were following the
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
30
park received three trees, as did a large, previously
empty (due to lack of funds) tree pit at the main
entrance, which draws new visitors to the park. A
section equipped with electricity and water, designed
for large gatherings of up to 200 people, received
four trees.
The fourth Living Memorial area is the community
garden beds. Redesigned and rebuilt through this
project, this revived portion of the park fostered
an increase in membership and encourages
the planting of diverse varieties of food plants
representative of the various origins and cultures of
the garden members. The dedication ceremony for
this Memorial will occur on September 11, 2005.
same process that we developed with the project
managers for the Living Memorials project. A
recommendation for future collaboration would
be to begin both the academic student work and
the community process at the same time. We also
would have enjoyed more interaction with the
other universities and community based groups
participating in the Living Memorial project.
Planting of The Open Road Park Living Memorial
took place in May and June of 2005, following
nalization of the designs by teams comprised
of students and community members. The nal
designs, which include four Living Memorial areas
within the park, utilized eight Cornell student design
boards. Ten mature trees were planted in three of
the four areas; a wildlife zone in the center of the
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
31
Recommendations
The initial round of collaborative projects served to
identify those practices and procedures that enabled
success, as well as deciencies that caused
delays or failure. Three basic categories of critical
elements were identied: time and distance, funding,
and communication.
Time and distance elements were identied as
the most relevant factors inuencing successful
collaborative efforts. Early identication of
participants, well in advance (3 to 6 months) of the
project start date, enables all parties to properly
prepare for the necessary time commitments.
This early planning also enables identication of
community partners with strong personal ties to
the neighborhood. Requiring a minimum 8-week
commitment from the academic partners to fully
develop design proposals and aligning both the
academic and community design timelines increase
interaction and subsequent relevancy of the
proposed designs. Increasing interaction through
additional joint meetings and activities promotes nal
designs more reective of the input of both partners.
Geographic proximity of the university and the
community project site, identied as lacking in the
project that failed to come to fruition, is an important
consideration, because the distance the students
must travel (and the concurrent time commitment)
inhibits both frequent site visits and interaction
with the community. Promotion of relationships
beyond one semester between the academic and
community partners encourages commitment by
both towards seeing the project realized.
Project funding is best accomplished by considering
smaller, multiple grants over longer time periods.
This approach promotes long-term project viability
and removes the vulnerability engendered by single-
source nancing.
Determining project specics in advance (the entire
timeline, budget, logistical constraints, and other
factors) and communicating those expectations, in
detail, to all participants promotes success. Design
students are able to produce designs that accurately
reect the needs of their community partners when
time and performance specications are clear to all
involved at the beginning of the project.
Living Memorials Design Collaborative
32
A Message from Matthew Arnn,
Landscape Architect, USDA Forest
Service Northeastern Area:
I hope the above synopsis of the successes,
failures, and lessons learned from the initial Design
Collaborative projects serves to pique the curiosity
of others interested in urban design, architecture,
and renewal to seek further information about how
they might initiate and participate in similar projects.
The USDA Forest Service Living Memorials Project
can facilitate and foster collaboration in the creation
of community memorial spaces by bringing together
citizens, students, and universities through the
design process. Members of the public interested
in initiating Living Memorial projects in their own
communities can receive guidance, technical
resources, contacts, and other assistance, while
actively affecting the skillfully produced design of
a realized project. Universities with landscape
architectural design programs can offer their
students unique, real-life, real-time experience,
distinguishing their programs from those offered by
other institutions.
Please contact me at: marnn@fs.fed.us or visit the
project Web site: www.livingmemorialsproject.net to
learn how we can help your community or university
participate in a Living Memorials Cooperative
Design Project.
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