John Rey Arongat

Vernier Caliper
What is a vernier caliper
A vernier scale is a device that lets the user measure more precisely than could be done by reading
a uniformly-divided straight or circular measurement scale. It is scalethat indicates where the
measurement lies in between two of the marks on the main scale. Verniers are common
on sextants used in navigation, scientific instruments used to conduct experiments, machinists'
measuring tools (all sorts, but especially calipers and micrometers) used to work materials to
fine tolerances, and on theodolites used in surveying.
A vernier is a common tool used in laboratories and industries to accurately determine the fraction
part of the least count division. The vernier is a convenient tool to use when measuring the length of
an object, the outer diameter (OD) of a round or cylindrical object, the inner diameter (ID) of a pipe,
and the depth of a hole. The vernier caliper is used in length measurements to gain an additional
digit of accuracy compared to a simple ruler.
A vernier caliper is a measuring tool. It can make inside, outside, or depth measurements .It is marked
in both USCS and metric divisions called a vernier scale. A vernier scale consists of a stationary
scale and a movable scale, in this case from the vernier scale.

A vernier scale has a movable scale that is parallel to fixed scale .These precision measuring
instrumentsare capable of measuring outside and inside diameters and most will even measure
depth. Vernier calipers are available in both imperial and metric scales. The main scale of the caliper
is divided into inches, most measure up to 6 inches. Each is divided into 10 parts, each equal to
0.001 inch. The area between the 0.00i marks is divided into four. Each of these divisions is equal to
0.025 inches.
How a vernier scale works
The vernier scale is constructed so that it is spaced at a constant fraction of the fixed main scale. So
for a decimal measuring device each mark on the vernier is spaced nine tenths of those on the main
scale. If you put the two scales together with zero points aligned, the first mark on the vernier scale
is one tenth short of the first main scale mark, the second two tenths short, and so on up to the ninth
markwhich is misaligned by nine tenths. Only when a full ten marks are counted is there
alignment, because the tenth mark is ten tenthsa whole main scale unit short, and therefore aligns
with the ninth mark on the main scale.
Now if you move the vernier by a small amount, say, one tenth of its fixed main scale, the only pair
of marks that come into alignment are the first pair, since these were the only ones originally
misaligned by one tenth. If we move it two tenths, the second pair aligns, since these are the only
ones originally misaligned by that amount. If we move it five tenths, the fifth pair alignsand so on.
For any movement, only one pair of marks aligns and that pair shows the value between the marks
on the fixed scale.
John Rey Arongat
Vernier scale