PHYSICS PROJECT

A PROJECT ON RAIN ALARM

SUBMITTED AS PER THE REQUIREMENT OF
ALL INDIA SENIOR SCHOOL CERTIFICATE
EXAMINATION OF CENTRAL BOARD OF
SECONDARY EDUCATION, 2013- 2014










Guided by : Submitted by :

MR S SRINIVAS ADITYA VERMA
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS CLASS XII-C(SCIENCE)
ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL,RK PURAM,SECUNDERABAD

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS




CERTIFICATE


This is to certify that this Project Work titled/named
A Project on Rain Alarm has been carried out
successfully by Aditya Verma in partial fulfillment of
the requirement for the award of All India Senior
Secondary School Certificate Examination, Central
Board of Secondary Education, is the record of his
work carried out by him under my supervision during
the academic year 2013 - 2014.



External Examiner Mr. S. Srinivas
Date: Department Of Physics
Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT


1. I very sincerely and profusely thank my
guide, Mr S Srinivas, Head of Physics
Department, for his kind, timely, systematic
guidance,sympathetic supervision, authentic
suggestion and encouragement during the
Project Work.

2. I also sincerely express my deep gratitude to
Mr Raju (Lab Assisstant), who has been
instrumental in completion of this project by
providing all the necessary help in the lab.




Aditya Verma
Class XII
Section-C(Science)


INDEX






CONTENTS PAGE NO
AIM
4
INTRODUCTION
5
APPLICATIONS
6
REQUIREMENTS
7
CONSTRUCTION
8-9
WORKING
10
CONCLUSION
11
BIBLIOGRAPHY
12
AIM




TO DISCUSS THE FUNCTIONING,
CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATIONS
OF RAIN ALARM


INTRODUCTION

Since, water is a conductor of electricity and
when it is in contact with the Positive and
Negative Terminals of any electrical circuit, the
circuit gets completed and current flows which
can actuate any device connected in the circuit.
Thus, Rain Alarm is a simple circuit that employs this
principle to detect rain or fall of water.It can be
designed to give Loud Beep as well as flash the LED
when the rain drops or water drops fall on the sensor
switch.

When there is no rain or sensor is dry,the ciruit
is disconnected from Power Source or Bty and
the Buzzer remains silent. When it rains , water
drops come in contact with the sensor switch
and circuit gets completed and there is a flow of
current which actuates the Buzzer and the LED
flashes giving out warning and alarm of rain fall.








APPLICATIONS OF RAIN ALARM
Rain Alarm has large number of useful and practical
applications in day to day human life which make us
very comfortable.Some of these useful applications
are listed below :-
House Hold. Timely warning of rainfall can
prevent wetting of sun drying clothes , can assist
in Rain Water Harvesting , can help us in timely
closing of doors and windows and bringing in
possessions.
Water Level Alarm. It can be used to give
alarm about overflow of over head water tanks
to prevent wastage of water.
Automobiles. It can detect rain fall and
automatically start the wiper blades on the wind
screen.
Bed Wetting Alarm. It can be used to timely
detection of bed wetting by young babies to
enable the parents to immediately change the
nappies etc leading to better child hygiene.

REQUIREMENTS

1. Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

2. Self Oscillating Type Piezo Buzzer.

3. 9V Battery

4. Touch Pad Sensor Switch Inbuilt in PCB.

5. Flexible Wires

6. Resistors (Qty-03)

7. Silicon Transistors BC 548 (Qty-02)

8. Soldering Machine

9. Soldering Wire

10. Paste

CONSTRUCTION

Circuit Diagram of Rain Alarm

Assemble the circuit on a good quality PCB
according to the circuit diagram.
Solder the three Resistors R1, R2 and R3 as
per the circuit diagram.
Solder the two transistors Q1 ( NPN Transistor)
and Q2(PNP Transistor) as per the circuit
diagram.
Solder the 9 volt battery holder with two
insulated flexible wires.
Solder the Piezo Buzzer with Positive Terminal
of 9 volt battery and Q2 Transistor on the PCB.
Also solder the Red colour LED alongwith the
Buzzer in the same manner.
Use a 9 volt battery supply for powering the
circuit.
To test the circuit, make all connections and
power up.
Place a drop of water on the sensor switch on
the PCB so that the circuit gets completed
through water. Now the Buzzer starts sounding
and LED starts flashing.

PICTURE OF RAIN ALARM


WORKING
The circuit is basically a handy flasher
circuit that operates well on only 9 volts
battery using ordinary silicon
transistors.
When there is no rain or sensor is
dry,the ciruit is disconnected from
Power Source or Bty and the Buzzer
remains silent.
Battery powered circuit draws virtually
no current when sensor is dry.
When it rains , water drops come in
contact with the sensor switch and the
circuit is triggered and the self
oscillating type Buzzer is actuated
alongwith flashing of LED.
When rain stops and water dries up,
circuit gets disconnected and Buzzer
goes silent.

CONCLUSION

Rain Alarm is a very useful gadget which
can be innovatively used for various
domestic & industrial needs












BIBLIOGRAPHY


1. Comprehensive Practical Chemistry by Dr Rajendra
Singh & Sri J.N. Jaiswal
2. Internet Database
3. N.C.E.R.T. Lab Manual